Communication method and communication device

Abstract

Provided are a communication method and a communication device, the method comprising: determining a transmission waveform of a signal, the transmission waveform being related to a threshold of a first parameter, the first parameter comprising: a modulation order and a roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform of discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum of orthogonal amplitude modulation or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform of discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum of offset orthogonal amplitude modulation, and the roll-off factor is determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform. And transmitting or acquiring the signal. In the method provided by the invention, the network equipment or the terminal equipment can determine the transmission waveform of the signal according to the set threshold value of the modulation order and the threshold value of the roll-off factor, so that the output power supporting higher power amplifiers can be obtained, and a larger signal coverage range can be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and more specifically, to a communication method and a communication device. Background Art

[0002] Power amplifiers (PAs) generally have a linear dynamic range. Within this range, the output signal power of the amplifier increases linearly with the input signal power, that is, the ratio of the output signal power to the input signal power (also known as the power gain) remains unchanged and is a fixed value. As the input signal power continues to increase and exceeds a certain critical value, the amplifier enters the non-linear region, and the power gain gradually decreases, that is, gain compression occurs, and the output signal power will no longer increase continuously with the increase of the input signal power but tends to saturate. When the input signal power approaches or exceeds the input saturation power, the PA will generate non-linear distortion, such as spectral spreading or spectral regrowth. Spectral regrowth will cause interference between subcarriers, resulting in an increase in the bit error rate. In addition, spectral regrowth will also increase the interference to users in adjacent channels.

[0003] The peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reflects the degree of fluctuation of the signal envelope or amplitude. When the PAPR is too high, it is easy to cause distortion of the PA output signal. In order to ensure that the receiving end can correctly parse the signal, the average power must be reduced, but this will result in low efficiency of the power amplifier or equivalently a smaller signal coverage range. Therefore, in order to meet the signal coverage requirements, a signal generation technology with a low PAPR needs to be selected. Generally, when using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), the PAPR of the generated signal is higher than that of the offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM).

[0004] The next-generation wireless communication network involves a variety of new scenarios and corresponding new transmission requirements. For example, in the environmental reconstruction scenario, the sensing device can scan the objects in the environment and transmit data, and higher support power is beneficial to improving the sensing performance; in extremely high-frequency communication scenarios such as terahertz, communication devices need to consider means such as increasing the support power to solve the coverage problem at extremely high frequencies. Therefore, how to effectively improve performance indicators and signal coverage in the next-generation wireless communication is an issue that needs attention at present. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a communication method and a communication device. The method and device can achieve better utilization of the effective range of radio frequency devices such as power amplifiers to improve technical effects such as signal coverage, energy saving, and reduction of implementation complexity.

[0006] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided. The method provided in the first aspect may be executed by a first communication device. Without special specification, the "first communication device" in this application may refer to the first communication device itself (for example, a network device, a terminal device), or a component in the first communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or may also be a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device. This application does not limit the execution entity of the communication method.

[0007] Specifically, the method includes: determining a transmission waveform of a signal, where the transmission waveform is related to a threshold of a first parameter, and the first parameter includes: modulation order and roll-off factor. Among them, the transmission waveform is a quadrature amplitude modulation discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform, or an offset quadrature amplitude modulation discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform. The roll-off factor is determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform. Based on the transmission waveform, transmit or acquire the signal.

[0008] For the communication method provided in the first aspect, the communication device can determine the transmission waveform of the signal according to the set thresholds of the modulation order and the roll-off factor, so as to determine whether it is necessary to use the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. The thresholds of the modulation order and the roll-off factor can reflect the power amplifier PA output back-off OBO gain of the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform compared to the QAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform. If there is no OBO gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, there is no need to modify the protocol, and the existing QAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform can be used for signal transmission; if the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used, so that higher PA output power can be supported and a larger signal coverage range can be obtained. For communication-sensing integrated scenarios (such as user equipment UE, buildings, or other physical structures in the sensing environment), supporting higher PA output power also helps to obtain stronger echo signals.

[0009] The thresholds of the modulation order and the roll-off factor can be determined according to the OBO gain, that is, when using the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission, the OBO gain exceeds a certain threshold. When there is no OBO gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, the existing signal generation and demodulation methods can continue to be used.

[0010] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0011] In this implementation, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and then the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission, so as to obtain a higher output power of the power amplifier PA.

[0012] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the spectral emission mask SEM is the dominant (or determining) factor in the value of OBO. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it can indicate that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and then the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0013] Exemplarily, the first threshold of the modulation order can be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, the modulation and coding scheme MCS index corresponds to low-order modulation, such as quadrature amplitude modulation QPSK, and the SEM may be the dominant factor in the value of OBO. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.4. Then, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0014] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the occupied bandwidth OBW may be the dominant factor in the value of OBO. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it can indicate that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and then the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0015] Exemplarily, the first threshold of the modulation order can be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, the MCS index corresponds to low-order modulation, and then the OBW may be the dominant factor in the value of OBO. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.333. Then, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.333, the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0016] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, in-band radiation IBE may be the dominant factor in the value of OBO. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it can indicate that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and then the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0017] Exemplarily, the first threshold of the modulation order can be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, it corresponds to low-order modulation in the MCS index, and IBE may be the dominant factor in the value of OBO. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.8. Then, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.8, the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0018] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, corresponding to the value of the modulation order being less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor being less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0019] In this implementation, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that there is no OBO gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, and then the existing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used, with little change to the protocol.

[0020] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and SEM is the dominant factor in the value of OBO, and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that there is no OBO gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, and then the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0021] Exemplarily, the first threshold of the modulation order can be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, it corresponds to low-order modulation in the MCS index, and SEM may be the dominant factor in the value of OBO. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.4. Then, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.4, the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0022] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and OBW is the dominant factor in the value of OBO, and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that there is no OBO gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, and then the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0023] Exemplarily, the first threshold of the modulation order can be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, it corresponds to low-order modulation in the MCS index, and then OBW may be the dominant factor in the value of OBO. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.333. Then, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.333, the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0024] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, IBE may be the dominant factor in the value of OBO. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that there is no gain in OBO or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, and then the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0025] Exemplarily, the first threshold of the modulation order can be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, it corresponds to low-order modulation in the MCS index, and then IBE may be the dominant factor in the value of OBO. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.8. Then, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.8, the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0026] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to the threshold of the factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0027] It should be understood that the threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor indicates whether the signal is transmitted through broadband or narrowband. When the signal is transmitted through broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor and when the signal is transmitted through narrowband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be different.

[0028] It should also be understood that the factor of the transmission bandwidth can be determined based on the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the maximum transmission bandwidth allowed within the channel bandwidth.

[0029] Exemplarily, the threshold of the factor of the transmission bandwidth can be set to 0.6. When the value of the factor of the transmission bandwidth is greater than 0.6, it indicates broadband transmission. When the value of the factor of the transmission bandwidth is less than 0.6, it indicates narrowband transmission. Considering the frequency range 2-2 (FR2-2), the channel bandwidth is 800 MHz, and the subcarrier spacing is 960 KHz. At this time, the maximum transmission bandwidth is 62 physical resource blocks RB. When the transmission bandwidth is 60 RB, the value of the factor of the transmission bandwidth is 60 / 62 = 0.968, so it is broadband transmission. When SEM is the dominant factor in the value of OBO, when the signal is transmitted through narrowband, exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be 0.2. When the signal is transmitted through broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be 0.4.

[0030] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0031] In this implementation, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission to obtain a better OBO gain.

[0032] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the error vector magnitude EVM dominates the OBO value, and when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it can indicate that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0033] Exemplarily, the second threshold of the modulation order can be 4. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 4, in the MCS index, for medium and high-order modulations such as 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) or 64QAM, the EVM dominates the OBO value. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.4. Then, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0034] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0035] In this implementation, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that when the EVM dominates the OBO value, the OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, and the existing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used, with little change to the protocol.

[0036] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order, the EVM dominates the OBO value, and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that the OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, and the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0037] Exemplarily, the second threshold of the modulation order may be 4. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 4, the medium and high order modulations in the MCS index, such as 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM) or 64QAM, then the EVM dominates the value of OBO. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be set to 0.4. Then, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.4, the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0038] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second threshold of the roll-off factor is related to the threshold of the factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0039] Exemplarily, when the EVM dominates the value of OBO, when the signal is transmitted through a narrowband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be 0.35, and when the signal is transmitted through a broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be 0.4.

[0040] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the communication method further includes: sending or receiving first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the transmission waveform, and the transmission waveform is related to the threshold of the first parameter. The first parameter includes: the modulation order and the roll-off factor, and the roll-off factor is determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform.

[0041] In this implementation, when the network device determines the transmission waveform of the signal, it can send the first indication information to the terminal device by means of signaling. The first indication information is used to indicate the transmission waveform of the signal, enabling the terminal device to demodulate and obtain the received signal, instead of determining which waveform is used for signal transmission based on communication parameters.

[0042] In a second aspect, a communication system is provided. The system includes a terminal device and a network device. The terminal device is used to execute the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect. The network device can also be used to execute the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0043] In a third aspect, a communication device is provided. The communication device includes units for executing each step in the above first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0044] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided. The communication device includes at least one processor and a memory. The memory stores program instructions. When the program instructions stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect is executed.

[0045] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided. The communication device includes at least one processor and an interface circuit. The at least one processor is configured to execute the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0046] In a sixth aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes a computer program, and when the part or all of the computer program is executed by a processor, it is configured to execute the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0047] In a seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. A computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the part or all of the computer program is executed, it is configured to execute the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0048] In an eighth aspect, a chip is provided. The chip includes: a processor configured to call and run part or all of a computer program from a memory, so that a communication device installed with the chip executes the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect. Description of the Drawings

[0049] Figure 1 Shows a typical block diagram of an OFDM system.

[0050] Figure 2 Shows a single-carrier modulation schematic diagram.

[0051] Figure 3 Shows a DFT-s-OFDM modulation schematic diagram of frequency-domain preprocessing.

[0052] Figure 4 Shows a bandwidth expansion and FDSS schematic diagram.

[0053] Figure 5 Shows an OQAM bit mapping diagram.

[0054] Figure 6 Shows a schematic diagram of the relationship between the input power, output power and efficiency of a solid-state power amplifier.

[0055] Figure 7 Shows a schematic diagram of the frequency response under different roll-offs.

[0056] Figure 8 Shows a schematic diagram of the PAPR of QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM signals.

[0057] Figure 9Shows a schematic diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0058] Figure 10 Shows a schematic diagram of the structures of network device 20 and terminal device 30 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] Figure 11(a) shows a schematic interaction diagram of a communication method 1100(a) provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] Figure 11(b) shows a schematic interaction diagram of another communication method 1100(b) provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] Figure 12 Shows a schematic diagram of transmission bandwidth, channel bandwidth, and maximum transmission bandwidth.

[0062] Figure 13 Shows a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0063] Figure 14 Shows a schematic block diagram of another communication device 1400 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0064] Figure 15 Shows a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1500 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] Figure 16 Shows a schematic block diagram of another communication device 1600 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0066] Figure 17 Shows a schematic diagram of a structure of a terminal device 1700 provided by the present application.

[0067] Figure 18 Shows a schematic diagram of a structure of a network device 1800 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0068] Figure 19 Shows a schematic diagram of a chip system provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0069] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0070] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication system, future 5th Generation (5G) system or New Radio (NR), etc.

[0071] The terminal device in the embodiment of the present application may refer to a user equipment, an access terminal, a user unit, a user station, a mobile station, a mobile terminal, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent or a user device. The terminal device may also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication function, a computing device or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a future 5G network or a terminal device in a future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), etc. The embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0072] The network device in the embodiments of the present application may be a device for communicating with a terminal device. The network device may be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a global system for mobile communications (GSM) system or a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, or a NodeB (NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, or an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, or the network device may be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a network device in a future 5G network or a network device in a future evolved PLMN network, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0073] In the embodiments of the present application, the terminal device or the network device may include a hardware layer. Optionally, it may further include a software layer running on the hardware layer. The hardware layer may include a processor, and may further include hardware such as a memory management unit (MMU) or a memory (also referred to as a main memory). The software layer stores computer instructions facilitating the implementation of the methods of the embodiments of the present application. The embodiments of the present application do not particularly limit the specific structure or level of the execution subject of the methods provided in the embodiments of the present application. As long as it can communicate according to the methods provided in the embodiments of the present application by running a program recording the code of the methods provided in the embodiments of the present application, it can be considered as the terminal device or the network device implementing the embodiments of the present application. For example, the execution subject of the methods provided in the embodiments of the present application may be a communication module (such as a modem) in the terminal device or the network device, a system on chip (SoC), or other functional modules.

[0074] Additionally, various aspects or features of the present application can be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used in the present application encompasses a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or medium. For example, computer-readable media can include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (such as hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes, etc.), optical discs (such as compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (such as erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). Additionally, the various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable media" can include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0075] Before introducing the embodiments of the present application, the terms related to the present application will be introduced first.

[0076] (1). Channel, Multipath, Delay Spread (DS)

[0077] In a radio system, the medium through which a signal propagates from a transmitter to a receiver is called a channel.

[0078] Multipath is a propagation phenomenon that causes a radio signal to reach a receiver through two or more paths.

[0079] Since these multiple copies of the transmitted signal propagate different distances, they will reach the receiver at different times. The difference in the arrival times of the signal at the receiving end through different paths is called the delay spread (DS). The difference between the arrival time of the last resolvable delayed signal and the first delayed signal is called the maximum delay spread (MDS).

[0080] (2). OFDM

[0081] Figure 1 A typical block diagram of an OFDM system is shown, as Figure 1 shown, the data sequence is converted from serial to parallel (S / P) to convert M consecutive data into an M-dimensional data block S k =[S k [0], S k [1], …, S k [M - 1]]T , where the subscript k is the OFDM symbol number. Through subcarrier mapping, S k carries M data modulated on M of the N subcarriers, and the remaining (N - M) subcarriers can be understood as being modulated by 0. The N-dimensional data vector X k is transformed into a set of N complex time-domain sampling points x through an N-point IFFT k = [x k [0], x k [1], …, x k [N - 1]] T .

[0082] The next important operation for generating an OFDM signal is to insert a guard interval at the start of each OFDM symbol, which can eliminate inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation. The guard interval is obtained by adding a cyclic prefix (CP) at the start of the symbol. The specific implementation is to copy the last G samples of x k and append them to the start of x k to obtain the time-domain OFDM signal

[0083] At the receiver, the OFDM signal is demodulated through inverse processing. Assuming that time and frequency synchronization can be obtained and the CP length is sufficient, after the CP removal operation (i.e., removing the first G sampling values in the received signal), a data block containing N sampling values without ISI is obtained, which is also equal to the cyclic convolution of the OFDM symbol x k and the channel impulse response. The time-domain cyclic convolution can be transformed into a frequency-domain point multiplication through FFT, and then channel equalization can be completed with low complexity using single-tap frequency-domain equalization.

[0084] (III). DFT-s-OFDM

[0085] As Figure 1 shown, Discrete Fourier Transform spreading OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) defines a data block s transmitted in the time domain k , and there is an additional DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) process before the OFDM processing, that is, for each data block s containing M data kPerform the M - point DFT operation. Through this operation, the DFT - s - OFDM signal has the characteristics of a single - carrier signal and has a PAPR much lower than that of multi - carrier signals such as OFDM. Therefore, under the same power amplifier, DFT - s - OFDM can provide a greater output power and a higher power - amplifier efficiency, thus achieving the purpose of improving coverage and reducing energy consumption. The coverage and power - consumption advantages of DFT - s - OFDM are particularly obvious on the terminal - device side. Therefore, in the existing versions of LTE and NR, DFT - s - OFDM is applied to uplink transmission.

[0086] s k It may include modulation symbols and / or redundant - signal sampling points. The modulation symbols can be modulation symbols obtained by modulating a (coded) bit - stream. The modulation methods can include pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), phase shift keying (PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM), amplitude phase shift keying (APSK), etc.

[0087] The redundant - signal sampling points can include phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) sampling points, unique word, zeros, etc.

[0088] (IV). Single - carrier (SC) modulation

[0089] Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of single - carrier modulation, as Figure 2 shown, s k passes through shaping filtering to generate the signal x k , which includes two processes: upsampling and filtering. Filtering can be implemented as the convolution of the upsampled signal and the shaping pulse (or filter coefficients). The convolution includes linear convolution and circular convolution.

[0090] Time - domain sampling is equivalent to periodically replicating the spectrum of the data sequence in the frequency domain, with the period being the width of the spectrum of the data sequence. In addition, time - domain circular convolution corresponds to frequency - domain point - multiplication. Figure 2 The right - hand side explains the two processes of upsampling and filtering from the frequency - domain perspective. The shaded rectangular grids are the spectra of the data sequence. Figure 2 The trapezoid in represents the frequency - domain response of the shaping pulse or filter. In addition, inFigure 2 In this case, it is assumed that the bandwidth of the filter is greater than the width of the spectrum of the data sequence.

[0091] Time-domain cyclic convolution single-carrier modulation can also be equivalently implemented by a frequency-domain processing method. The implementation method can be understood as including DFT-s-OFDM modulation with frequency-domain processing. Figure 3 The schematic diagram of DFT-s-OFDM modulation with frequency-domain preprocessing is shown, as Figure 3 shown. First, the M-point DFT converts the data sequence into the frequency domain to obtain a frequency-domain signal. For example, from s k to obtain S k . Then, the frequency-domain signal 1 is processed in the frequency domain, including frequency-domain point multiplication (corresponding to filtering based on time-domain cyclic convolution), to obtain the frequency-domain signal 2. Frequency-domain point multiplication can also be called windowing or frequency-domain pulse shaping (FDSS) processing. Finally, the frequency-domain signal 2 is converted into the time domain through subcarrier mapping and the N-point IDFT. For example, from X k to obtain x k . If the bandwidth of the filter is not equal to the bandwidth of the frequency-domain signal 1, or the number of subcarriers corresponding to the bandwidth of the filter (it should be understood that the number of subcarriers multiplied by the subcarrier spacing is equal to the bandwidth) is not equal to the number of data in the frequency-domain signal 1 (i.e., M), the frequency-domain signal 1 needs to be bandwidth-adjusted before frequency-domain point multiplication. The adjusted bandwidth is consistent with the bandwidth of the filter.

[0092] Figure 2 The corresponding frequency-domain implementation on the right is equivalent to Figure 4 the bandwidth expansion and FDSS shown, as Figure 4 shown. The bandwidth expansion method is as follows: copy the tail part signal of S k to the front of S k , and copy the head part signal of S k to the back of S k . The signal output by the bandwidth adjustment module is used as the input of the FDSS module. The output of the FDSS module is equal to the input multiplied by the FDSS coefficient. For example, after bandwidth expansion, the obtained signal its i-th value is The FDSS output signal the i-th value is and the relationship between them is

[0093]

[0094] where c[i] is the i-th FDSS coefficient.

[0095] Comparing Figure 1 and Figure 3, it can be seen that Figure 1 The DFT-s-OFDM modulation shown is Figure 3 A special case of the DFT-s-OFDM modulation shown, that is, when the filter bandwidth is equal to the bandwidth of the frequency-domain signal 1 and the FDSS coefficient is 1 (i.e., the frequency-domain response of the filter is a rectangular window with an amplitude of 1).

[0096] (V). NR Bit Mapping

[0097] Section 5.1 of NR protocol 38.211 defines seven modulation mappers including QSPK, 16QAM, 64QAM, etc. QSPK can also be called 4QAM. Taking the QPSK modulation mapper as an example, it maps two consecutive bits into a QPSK symbol, and the specific mapping is as follows:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, b(2i) and b(2i + 1) respectively represent the 2i-th and (2i + 1)-th bits, and d(i) represents the i-th QPSK symbol, j 2 = 1. Taking the 16QAM modulation mapper as an example, it maps four consecutive bits into a 16QAM symbol, and the specific mapping is as follows:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, b(4i), b(4i + 1), b(4i + 2), and b(4i + 3) respectively represent the 4i-th, (4i + 1)-th, (4i + 2)-th, and (4i + 3)-th bits, and d(i) represents the i-th 16QAM symbol.

[0102] (VI). Offset QAM (OQAM)

[0103] Figure 5 The OQAM bit mapping diagram is given, which can be understood as splitting the complex QAM symbol into a sequence of alternating pure real numbers and pure imaginary numbers on the basis of the QAM bit mapping. For example, the QAM bit mapping generates a sequence of 3 complex symbols {z0, z1, z2}, where z0 = x0 + jy0, z1 = x1 + jy1, z2 = x2 + jy2, and x0, x1, x2, y0, y1, and y2 are all real numbers. The offsetQAM bit mapping generates a sequence of 6 symbols: {x0, jy0, x1, jy1, x2, jy2} or {jy0, x0, jy1, x1, jy2, x2}.

[0104] In Figure 5Among them, the real module outputs the real part of the complex symbol sequence {x0 + jy0, x1 + jy1, x2 + jy2, …}, that is, the output sequence {x0, x1, x2, …}, while the imag module outputs the imaginary part of the complex symbol sequence {x0 + jy0, x1 + jy1, x2 + jy2, …}, that is, {jy0, jy1, jy2, …}. If the input of the 2-fold upsampling module is a sequence of length M {x0, x1, x2, …, x M-1}, then the output is a sequence of length 2M {x0, 0, x1, 0, x2, 0, …, x M-1 , 0}. If the input of the 2-fold upsampling module is a sequence of length M {jy0, jy1, jy2, …, jy M-1}, then the output is a sequence of length 2M {jy0, 0, jy1, 0, jy2, 0, …, jy M-1 , 0}. If the input of the 1-sample delay (1sampledelay) module is a sequence of length 2M {x0, 0, x1, 0, x2, 0, …, x M-1 , 0}, then the output is a sequence of length 2M {0, x0, 0, x1, 0, x2, 0, …, x M-1}. If the input of the 1-sample delay module is a sequence of length 2M {jy0, 0, jy1, 0, jy2, 0, …, jy M-1 , 0}, then the output is a sequence of length 2M {0, jy0, 0, jy1, 0, jy2, 0, …, jy M-1}.

[0105] {x0, 0, x1, 0, x2, 0, …, x M-1 , 0} plus {0, jy0, 0, jy1, 0, jy2, 0, …, jy M-1} produces {x0, jy0, x1, jy1, …, x M-1 , jy M-1}.

[0106] {0, x0, 0, x1, 0, x2, 0, …, x M-1} plus {jy0, 0, jy1, 0, jy2, 0, …, jy M-1 , 0} produces {jy0, x0, jy1, x1, …, jy M-1 , x M-1}.

[0107] It can be found that the modulation defined in NR can be regarded as a kind of offset 4QAM or offset QPSK modulation with phase rotation. The phase rotation amount is

[0108] The redundancy in the frequency-domain signal corresponding to the OQAM symbol sequence is pointed out below. Assume that the length of the OQAM symbol sequence is M (assuming M is divisible by 4). Performing an M-point DFT on the symbol sequence can obtain the corresponding frequency-domain signal, denoted as y(k), where k = 0, 1, …, M - 1.

[0109] y(k) has the following properties:

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] where the superscript * represents the complex conjugate operation. Therefore, among y(k), k = 0, 1, …, M - 1, there are redundant signals. After removing these redundant signals, the remaining signals can still be used to recover y(k), k = 0, 1, …, M - 1 by combining with the above relationships.

[0113] If, before performing the DFT, a frequency shift corresponding to half of the subcarriers is applied to the OQAM symbol sequence, that is

[0114]

[0115] and then performing an M-point DFT on to obtain the frequency-domain signal, denoted as

[0116] has the following properties:

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] Therefore, has redundant signals. After removing these redundant signals, the remaining signals can still be used to recover

[0120] Before the signal is transmitted, it will pass through a power amplifier (PA) to increase the signal power. The efficiency of the PA refers to the ratio of its output power to the input power. Figure 6The schematic diagram shows the relationship between the input power and output power of a solid-state power amplifier. When the PA output power reaches its maximum, its efficiency is the highest. However, at this time, the signal will enter the non-linear working region of the PA (where the output power no longer increases linearly with the input power), resulting in output signal distortion and spectral spreading or spectral regrowth. Spectral regrowth will cause interference between subcarriers, leading to an increase in the bit error rate. In addition, spectral regrowth will also increase the interference to neighboring channel users.

[0121] The peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reflects the degree of fluctuation of the signal envelope or amplitude. The lower the PAPR, the smaller the degree of fluctuation of the signal envelope or amplitude. Conversely, it is larger. When the PAPR is too high, it will cause distortion of the PA output signal. In 5G NR, OFDM modulation waveforms are used for both the uplink and downlink. In addition, for the purpose of improving coverage and reducing energy consumption, the DFT-s-OFDM waveform is also introduced in the uplink, and its PAPR is lower than that of the OFDM waveform. Future communications will use higher frequency bands, which have the resource advantage of ultra-large bandwidth, but also face some challenges, including: limited sampling bandwidth, high phase noise, large path loss, and reduced PA efficiency. For example, for every 10-fold increase in frequency, the PA output power decreases by 20 dB. Reducing the PAPR is a way to reduce the degree of spectral regrowth and maintain the PA efficiency. Therefore, future communications may use waveforms with a lower PAPR than the 5G DFT-s-OFDM waveform.

[0122] Roll-off is the steepness of the frequency response function with respect to frequency. Figure 7 The frequency responses under different roll-offs are shown. As Figure 7 shown, the frequency response with a rectangular shape is the steepest. In practice, it is difficult to implement a filter with a rectangular window frequency response. Using roll-off can reduce the filter implementation difficulty, but it increases the bandwidth.

[0123] The roll-off factor is defined as:

[0124]

[0125] where the bandwidth without roll-off corresponds to the bandwidth when β = 0. It can also be seen from Figure 7 that when β = 1, the bandwidth doubles, and when β = 0.5, the bandwidth increases by 50%.

[0126] β is defined with reference to the bandwidth without roll-off, and the spectral / bandwidth expansion can also be described with reference to the expanded bandwidth. For example, the spectral / bandwidth expansion factor is defined as the following formula:

[0127]

[0128] When β = 1, the spectrum / bandwidth expansion factor is 0.5. If β = 0.5, the spectrum / bandwidth expansion factor is 1 / 3.

[0129] Reduce the PAPR of QAM DFT-s-OFDM signals by using bandwidth expansion + FDSS. QAM DFT-s-OFDM means that the input of the DFT module in DFT-s-OFDM modulation is a QAM symbol sequence. Figure 8 Shows the PAPR schematic diagrams of QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM signals, as Figure 8 shown. Using bandwidth expansion and FDSS can reduce the PAPR of QAM DFT-s-OFDM. Among them, the input of DFT-s-OFDM is a QPSK symbol sequence. The signal after bandwidth expansion occupies 720 subcarriers, corresponding to 60 physical resource blocks (resource block, RB). FDSS is a root-raised cosine (RRC) function with 720 coefficients. The RRC function is a Nyquist filter. The roll-off factor of RRC is the same as the roll-off factor corresponding to the increased bandwidth of the frequency-domain signal. Taking the curve with the legend "QAM, β = 0.2" as an example, the DFT input contains 600 (equal to 720 divided by 1.2, and 1.2 equals 1 + β) QPSK symbols, and the DFT output is a frequency-domain signal containing 600 data. According to Figure 4 the bandwidth expansion method given in, a frequency-domain signal containing 720 data is obtained. The roll-off factor corresponding to the increased bandwidth of the frequency-domain signal is equal to 120 / 600 = 0.2. It can be seen that bandwidth expansion and FDSS can reduce the PAPR.

[0130] Further reducing the DFT-s-OFDM PAPR through OQAM means that the input of the DFT module in DFT-s-OFDM modulation is an OQAM symbol sequence. Referring to the analysis in Reference Term (6), when carrying the same number of bits, the length of the OQAM sequence is twice the length of the QAM symbol sequence. Theoretically, the number of resource elements (REs) required to transmit the OQAM sequence is twice the number of REs required to transmit the QAM symbol sequence. However, there is redundancy in the frequency-domain signal corresponding to the OQAM sequence. Without loss of demodulation performance, the frequency-domain redundancy can be removed. In this application, it is assumed that the OQAM symbol sequence is preprocessed as shown in formula (4) to achieve the maximum redundancy compression. Additionally, it is assumed that the bandwidth required to transmit the OQAM sequence is equal to the bandwidth required to transmit the QAM symbol sequence to align the transmission spectral efficiency of the two. For example, if the length of the QAM symbol sequence is M and the length of the corresponding frequency-domain signal is M; the length of the OQAM symbol sequence is 2M and the length of the corresponding frequency-domain signal is 2M. The bandwidth required to transmit the OQAM sequence corresponds to M(1 + β) subcarriers. At this time, the length of the frequency-domain signal corresponding to the OQAM symbol sequence needs to be reduced from 2M to M(1 + β) through redundancy removal. Redundancy removal can also be achieved by selecting M(1 + β) data from the 2M-long signal as the input of the FDSS. In this application, combining property (5) and property (6), the middle M(1 + β) data of the 2M-long signal is selected as the input of the FDSS.

[0131] From Figure 8 It can be seen that at the same β, the OQAM signal has a lower PAPR than the QAM signal. The source of the gain is briefly explained below. The single-carrier signal generated by single-carrier modulation can be regarded as an interpolation of the input symbol sequence of the single-carrier modulation. Large fluctuations (or fluctuations) in the amplitude and / or phase of the input symbol sequence are not conducive to the PAPR performance of the single-carrier signal. For example, in combination with Term (5), for QPSK symbols, there is only one amplitude option, while for 16QAM modulation, there are three amplitude options. Therefore, the 16QAM single-carrier signal has a higher PAPR than the QPSK single-carrier signal. Another example is that there is a phase jump of 0 degrees or 90 degrees or 180 degrees (also called zero crossing) between two adjacent QPSK symbols in the QPSK symbol sequence; there is only a 90-degree phase jump between two adjacent symbols in the OQAM symbol sequence. A 180-degree phase jump or zero crossing will cause the interpolator to generate a zero signal, increasing the signal envelope fluctuation range and thus deteriorating the PAPR.

[0132] Combined with Figure 6, PA non-linearity can lead to signal distortion and interfere with the signal itself and the signals of other users. To avoid or mitigate these problems, in practical applications, the most commonly used method is to perform PA input power backoff or output power backoff (OBO). The specific value of OBO is generally related to the error vector magnitude (EVM) and the output RF emission index. The unit of OBO is dBm, and EVM is related to the modulation order. As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that lower-order modulation has higher EVM requirements and can tolerate larger errors.

[0133] Table 1 <38.104-Table 6.5.2.2-1:EVM requirements for BS type 1-C and BStype 1-H carrier>

[0134] Modulation scheme for PDSCH Required EVM QPSK 17.5％ 16QAM 12.5％ 64QAM 8％ 256QAM 3.5％

[0135] The output RF emission index includes occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), spectrum emission mask (SEM), and inband emission (IBE).

[0136] Assume that the terminal device generates a signal and sends it to the network device. Tables 2 and 3 below respectively count the minimum OBO values of QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM under broadband (corresponding transmission bandwidth is 60 RBs) and narrowband (corresponding transmission bandwidth is 6 RBs) that meet five indicators (EVM, ACLR, IBE, OBW, SEM).

[0137] Table 2 OBO values of QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM under broadband

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] As shown in Table 2, the subcarrier spacing is 960 kHz, the channel bandwidth is 800 MHz, and the frequency range is FR2-2. FDSS is a filter with RRC or truncated RRC or a time-domain response of [0.335 10.335]. It should be understood that when the roll-off factor is 0, RRC or truncated RRC degenerates into a rectangular window. Additionally, a power amplifier based on Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology for IEEE 802.11ad / ay (60 GHz) is considered. The number of antennas is 20. For example, the fourth column in Table 2 is OBO for EVM, that is, the minimum OBO value required to meet the EVM requirement (17.5%, which can be observed from Table 1). The sixth column in Table 2 is OBO for IBE, that is, the minimum OBO value required to meet the IBE requirement.

[0141] Table 3 OBO values of QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM under narrowband

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] Among them, the comprehensive OBO = max(OBE for EVM, OBO for ACLR, OBO for IBE, OBO for OBW, OBO for SEM), and max represents the operation of taking the maximum value. The smaller the comprehensive OBO value, the better. The OBO gain is defined as the comprehensive OBO of QAM minus the comprehensive OBO of OQAM.

[0145] The following Tables 4 and 5 respectively count the minimum OBO values of 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM that meet the five indicators (EVM, ACLR, IBE, OBW, SEM) under narrowband (corresponding transmission bandwidth is 6 RBs) and wideband (corresponding transmission bandwidth is 60 RBs).

[0146] Table 4 OBO values of 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM under wideband

[0147]

[0148] Table 5 OBO values of 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM under narrowband

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] The following Table 6 and Table 7 respectively count the minimum OBO values of 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM under narrowband (corresponding transmission bandwidth is 6 RBs) and wideband (corresponding transmission bandwidth is 60 RBs) that meet the five indicators (EVM, ACLR, IBE, OBW, SEM). Other parameters are the same as those in Table 2 and Table 3.

[0152] Table 6 OBO values of 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM under wideband

[0153]

[0154]

[0155] Table 7 OBO values of 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM under narrowband

[0156]

[0157] It should be understood that the results in Table 2 - Table 7 are obtained under the given parameter configurations. If the parameters are changed, such as the PA model, ACLR requirements (for example, in FR1, the minimum ACLR requirement for the uplink signal is 30 dB, while in FR2-2, the minimum ACLR requirement is 15 dB), etc., the values in the table will change accordingly.

[0158] From Figure 8 It can be seen that although OQAM has a PAPR advantage compared to QAM, combining Table 2 - Table 7, this advantage may not bring an OBO gain or the gain is not significant under certain parameter configurations. Based on the OBO gain, the QAM waveform or the OQAM waveform can be determined. Exemplarily, as shown in Table 2, when the FDSS is a filter with a rectangular window (roll-off factor is 0), the comprehensive OBO of QAM is 3.4, while the comprehensive OBO of OQAM is 3.63. Under this parameter configuration, using the OQAM waveform does not bring an OBO gain. Therefore, even though OQAM has a PAPR advantage compared to QAM, based on the OBO gain, it can be determined to use the QAM waveform.

[0159] For another example, as shown in Table 2, when the FDSS is an RRC filter and the roll-off factor is 0.5, the comprehensive OBO of QAM is 2.96, while the comprehensive OBO of OQAM is 1.54. Under this parameter configuration, the OBO gain brought by using the OQAM waveform is about 1.42 dB, which is relatively significant. Therefore, it can be determined to use the OQAM waveform.

[0160] For another example, as shown in Table 2, when the FDSS is an RRC filter and the roll-off factor is 1, the comprehensive OBO of QAM is 4.08, while the comprehensive OBO of OQAM is 0.01. Under this parameter configuration, the OBO gain brought by using the OQAM waveform is large. Therefore, in the case where OQAM has a PAPR advantage over QAM, based on the OBO gain, it can be determined to use the OQAM waveform.

[0161] It should be understood that selecting the OQAM waveform can obtain an OBO gain. Since the QAM waveform is used as the uplink transmission signal waveform in 5G NR, selecting the QAM waveform can follow the existing signal generation and demodulation methods, with little change to the protocol.

[0162] In summary, how the network device or the terminal device determines whether to use the QAM waveform or the OQAM to transmit signals is a problem that needs attention currently.

[0163] In view of this, the present application provides a communication method. In this method, the communication device can determine the transmission waveform of the signal based on the threshold of the modulation order and the threshold of the roll-off factor. The roll-off factor can be determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform. The method provided by the present application can reflect the magnitude of the OBO gain through the threshold of the modulation order and the threshold of the roll-off factor. When the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, the OQAM waveform is used for transmission. When there is no OBO gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, the existing QAM waveform is used for transmission, with little change to the protocol.

[0164] Before introducing the communication method provided by the present application, the communication system applicable to the present application will be specifically described first.

[0165] This application can be applied to various communication systems. For example: the 5th generation (5G) system or New Radio (NR), satellite communication systems, Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, etc. The present invention can also be applied to future communication systems, such as the 6th generation mobile communication system. The present invention can also be applied to device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine type communication (MTC), and Internet of Things (IoT) communication systems or other communication systems.

[0166] Exemplarily, Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of this application is shown, as Figure 9 shown, this communication system has at least one network device, for example, network device 111, network device 112, and network device 113. This communication system may also have at least one terminal device, for example, terminal device 121, terminal device 122, terminal device 123, terminal device 124, terminal device 125, terminal device 126, and terminal device 127. Communication can occur between the network device and the terminal device, such as the multi-site transmission shown in the figure. For example, communication can occur between network device 112 and terminal device 121, terminal device 122, and terminal device 123. Communication can occur between network device 113 and terminal device 125, terminal device 126, and terminal device 127. Another example is Figure 9 the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) transmission shown, such as network device 112 and network device 113 can communicate with terminal device 124. Communication can also occur between network devices, such as Figure 9 the backhaul shown, such as communication can occur between network device 111 and network device 112, network device 113. Communication can also occur between terminal devices, such as Figure 9 the D2D transmission shown, such as terminal device 122 can communicate with terminal device 125.

[0167] It should be understood that the above Figure 9This is an exemplary illustration, and the present application is not limited thereto. The present application can be applied to any communication scenario where a sending device and a receiving device communicate. It should also be understood that the communication devices (such as the sending device and the receiving device) involved in the present application can be network devices or terminal devices. For example, the sending device mentioned in the present application can be a terminal device, and the receiving device can be a network device. Another example is that the sending device mentioned in the present application can be a network device, and the receiving device can be a terminal device. Another example is that both the sending device and the receiving device mentioned in the present application can be terminal devices. Another example is that both the sending device and the receiving device mentioned in the present application can be network devices.

[0168] A terminal device in a communication system may be referred to as a user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile device, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device. A terminal device may be a device that provides voice / data connectivity to a user. For example, it can be a handheld device with wireless connection capabilities, a vehicle-mounted device, etc. Currently, some examples of terminals are: mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, palm computers, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in autonomous driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, wearable devices, terminal devices in a 5G network, or terminal devices in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN). The embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. In vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, the communication terminal mounted on a vehicle is a type of terminal device, and a roadside unit (RSU) can also be regarded as a type of terminal device. A drone equipped with a communication terminal can also be considered as a type of terminal device.

[0169] The terminal device can also be a wearable device. A wearable device, also known as a wearable intelligent device, is a general term for devices developed by applying wearable technologies to the intelligent design of daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. A wearable device is a portable device that is either directly worn on the body or integrated into the user's clothes or accessories. A wearable device is not just a hardware device, but also achieves powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable intelligent devices include those with complete functions and large sizes that can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smart watches or smart glasses, as well as those that only focus on a certain type of application function and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for physical sign monitoring.

[0170] The terminal device can also be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. The IoT is an important part of the future development of information technology. Its main technical feature is to connect objects to the network through communication technologies, thereby realizing an intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and object interconnection.

[0171] A network device in a communication system can be a device capable of communicating with a terminal device. This network device can also be referred to as an access network device or a radio access network device. For example, the network device can be a base station. The network device can refer to a radio access network (RAN) node (or device) that connects a terminal device to a wireless network. A base station can generically cover various names below or be replaced with the following names. For instance: Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), next generation Node B (gNB), relay station, access point, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), master eNodeB (MeNB), secondary eNodeB (SeNB), multi standard radio (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, base band unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. A base station can be a macro base station, micro base station, relay node, donor node, or the like, or a combination thereof. A base station can also refer to a communication module, modem, or chip used in the aforementioned device or apparatus. A base station can also be a mobile switching center and a device that performs the function of a base station in D2D, V2X, M2M communications, a network side device in a 6G network, a device that performs the function of a base station in a future communication system, etc. A base station can support networks with the same or different access technologies. The present invention does not limit the specific technologies and specific device forms adopted by the network device.

[0172] A base station can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or a drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move according to the position of the mobile base station. In other examples, a helicopter or a drone can be configured to be a device that communicates with another base station.

[0173] Network devices and terminal devices can be deployed on land, including indoor or outdoor, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can also be deployed on aircraft, balloons, and satellites in the air. The present invention does not limit the scenarios in which network devices and terminal devices are located.

[0174] In some embodiments, the network device 20 and the terminal device 30 can also be referred to as communication devices, which can be a general-purpose device or a dedicated device, and the embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations in this regard.

[0175] As Figure 10 shown, it is a schematic structural diagram of the network device 20 and the terminal device 30 provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0176] Among them, the terminal device 30 includes at least one processor ( Figure 10 exemplarily taking including one processor 301 as an example for illustration) and at least one transceiver ( Figure 10 exemplarily taking including one transceiver 303 as an example for illustration). Further, the terminal device 30 may further include at least one memory ( Figure 10 exemplarily taking including one memory 302 as an example for illustration), at least one output device ( Figure 10 exemplarily taking including one output device 304 as an example for illustration), and at least one input device ( Figure 10 exemplarily taking including one input device 305 as an example for illustration).

[0177] The processor 301, the memory 302, and the transceiver 303 are connected by a communication line. The communication line may include a path for transmitting information between the above components.

[0178] The processor 301 can be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of the program of the present application solution. In a specific implementation, as an embodiment, the processor 301 may also include multiple CPUs, and the processor 301 may be a single-CPU processor or a multi-CPU processor. Here, the processor may refer to one or more devices, circuits, or processing cores for processing data (such as computer program instructions).

[0179] The memory 302 can be a device with storage functions. For example, it can be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, or it can also be an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory 302 can exist independently and be connected to the processor 301 through a communication line. The memory 302 can also be integrated with the processor 301.

[0180] Among them, the memory 302 is used to store computer execution instructions for implementing the solution of this application, and is controlled by the processor 301 for execution. Specifically, the processor 301 is used to execute the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 302, so as to implement the method described in the embodiments of this application.

[0181] Alternatively, in this application, it can also be that the processor 301 executes the functions related to processing in the signal sending and receiving methods provided in this application, and the transceiver 303 is responsible for communicating with other devices or communication networks. The embodiments of this application do not make specific limitations in this regard.

[0182] The computer execution instructions involved in this application can also be referred to as application code or computer program code. The embodiments of this application do not make specific limitations in this regard.

[0183] The transceiver 303 can use any device of the transceiver type for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), or wireless local area networks (WLAN), etc. The transceiver 303 includes a transmitter (Tx) and a receiver (Rx).

[0184] The output device 304 communicates with the processor 301 and can display information in various ways. For example, the output device 304 can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector, etc.

[0185] The input device 305 communicates with the processor 301 and can accept user input in various ways. For example, the input device 305 can be a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen device, or a sensing device, etc.

[0186] The network device 20 includes at least one processor ( Figure 10 exemplarily described by taking one processor 201 as an example) and at least one transceiver ( Figure 10 exemplarily described by taking one transceiver 203 as an example). Further, the network device 20 may also include at least one memory ( Figure 10 exemplarily described by taking one memory 202 as an example) and at least one network interface ( Figure 10 exemplarily described by taking one network interface 204 as an example). Among them, the processor 201, the memory 202, the transceiver 203, and the network interface 204 are connected by communication lines. The network interface 204 is used to connect to the core network device through a link, or to connect to the network interface of other network devices through a wired or wireless link ( Figure 10 not shown in the figure), and the embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations in this regard. In addition, the relevant descriptions of the processor 201, the memory 202, and the transceiver 203 can refer to the descriptions of the processor 301, the memory 302, and the transceiver 303 in the terminal device 30, and will not be elaborated here.

[0187] It can be understood that Figure 10 the structures shown do not constitute specific limitations on the terminal device 30 and the network device 20. For example, in some other embodiments of the present application, the terminal device 30 and the network device 20 may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine some components, or split some components, or have different component arrangements. The components shown in the figure can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0188] In a possible application scenario, the present application can be applied to high-frequency communication scenarios. By using the communication method provided by the present application, the OBO of the power amplifier can be reduced, thereby improving the output signal power of the power amplifier. The greater the output power of the power amplifier, the larger the signal coverage range. Therefore, a relatively large output power of the power amplifier is beneficial to high-frequency communication coverage in the field of high-frequency communication.

[0189] In another possible application scenario, the present application can also be applied in a sensing scenario. By using the communication method provided by the present application, the OBO of the power amplifier can be reduced, thereby increasing the output signal power of the power amplifier. The greater the output power of the power amplifier, the larger the signal coverage area. Therefore, a relatively large output power of the power amplifier is beneficial to increasing the power of the echo signal generated by reflection from a target at a long distance in the sensing field.

[0190] The communication method provided by the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 11(a) and 11(b). FIG. 11(a) shows a schematic interaction diagram of a communication method 1100(a) provided by an embodiment of the present application. The method 1100(a) can be applied in the above scenarios, and of course, it can also be applied in other communication scenarios. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this here.

[0191] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the method 1100(a) can be executed by a first communication device. Without special description, the "first communication device" in the present application can refer to the first communication device itself (for example, a network device, a terminal device), or a component in the first communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or it can also be a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device. The present application does not limit the execution subject of this communication method.

[0192] Taking the terminal device and the network device as the execution subjects of each step in the method 1100(a) as an example, the method 1100(a) will be described below.

[0193] As shown in FIG. 11(a), the method 1100(a) includes:

[0194] S1110a. The network device determines a transmission waveform, and the transmission waveform is related to a threshold of a first parameter, where the first parameter includes: modulation order and roll-off factor.

[0195] In the embodiments of the present application, the network device can determine whether the single-carrier modulation input is based on OQAM or QAM symbol sequences through the thresholds of the modulation order and the roll-off factor. The single-carrier modulation can be DFT-s-OFDM modulation. Of course, the single-carrier modulation can also include other modulation methods, such as Figure 2 the implementation method shown on the left or single-carrier frequency-domain equalization. The present application does not make specific limitations on this.

[0196] In some possible implementations, the single-carrier signal is a DFT-s-OFDM signal. In the embodiments of this application, the OQAM-DFT-s-OFDM waveform and the QAM-DFT-s-OFDM waveform are specifically described by determining the thresholds of the modulation order and the roll-off factor.

[0197] Based on the above Tables 2-7, it can be seen that when QPSK modulation is adopted, in most cases, OBO for SEM is the dominant factor.

[0198] The following introduces Table 8 of the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) used for signal transmission in the 5G new radio (NR):

[0199] Table 8 5G NR MCS Table

[0200]

[0201]

[0202] In the transmission defined by NR, the network device will indicate an MCS index to the terminal device. Corresponding to the above table, it indicates the transmission information used for uplink or downlink transmission. As shown in the table, there are 32 cases for the MCS Index, corresponding to 5 bits.

[0203] The above table is an MCS table defined by the protocol. The first column represents the MCS Index, and the second column represents the modulation order, that is, the number of bits carried by a modulation symbol. For example, when I_MCS takes 0-1, the modulation order is q = 1, indicating that Pi / 2BPSK transmission is used for transmission. When I_MCS takes 2-9, QPSK constellation transmission with a modulation order of 2 is used for transmission. When I_MCS takes 10-16, 16QAM constellation transmission with a modulation order of 4 is used for transmission. When I_MCS takes 17-27, 64QAM constellation transmission with a modulation order of 6 is used for transmission.

[0204] The third column of the table represents the target code rate corresponding to the transmission. The value in the table divided by 1024 is the code rate of the channel coding used. For example, when I_MCS takes 0, the desired code rate is 240 / 1024 = 0.234375. When I_MCS takes 1, the desired code rate is 314 / 1024 = 0.306640. Then, the receiver decodes with the corresponding decoder.

[0205] The fourth column of the table represents the transmission corresponding spectral efficiency (SE). Generally, this value is the code rate in the third column divided by 1024 and then multiplied by the modulation order in the second column. For example, when I_MCS takes 0, the expected code rate to be used is 240 / 1024×1 = 0.234375, approximately equal to 0.2344.

[0206] Therefore, in some embodiments, the network device may determine whether SEM is the dominant factor in the OBO value based on the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the modulation order. When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the assumption that OBO for SEM is basically the dominant factor may hold.

[0207] Exemplarily, based on Table 8, the first threshold of the modulation order can be set to 2. When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to 2, the transmission uses the QPSK constellation transmission modulation method. Combining Table 2 - Table 7, when the transmission uses the QPSK modulation method, the assumption that OBO for SEM is basically the dominant factor may hold.

[0208] Furthermore, it can also be seen from Table 2 - Table 7 that the value of OBO is related not only to the modulation method but also to the roll-off factor when the filter receives the signal and the transmission bandwidth. When SEM is the dominant factor (based on Table 2 and Table 3), for the wideband case, when the roll-off factor is small, OQAM has no gain or a small gain compared to QAM. For the narrowband case, OQAM always has a gain compared to QAM.

[0209] Therefore, the network device can determine the roll-off factor when transmitting the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0210] In a possible implementation manner, the network device may determine the roll-off factor based on the transmission bandwidth when transmitting the signal to the terminal device and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform when transmitting the signal. For example, the transmission bandwidth is 60 RBs, corresponding to 720 subcarriers, and the number of symbols when transmitting the signal is 600, then the roll-off factor is equal to 720 / 600 - 1 = 0.2.

[0211] In some embodiments, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to the factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0212] The value of the transmission bandwidth factor and the threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor can be used to determine whether the signal is transmitted through broadband or narrowband. The first threshold of the roll-off factor when the signal is transmitted through broadband can be different from the first threshold of the roll-off factor when the signal is transmitted through narrowband.

[0213] Exemplarily, when the signal is transmitted through broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.4, and when the signal is transmitted through narrowband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.2.

[0214] When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor, it indicates that the signal is transmitted through broadband. Continuing to refer to Table 2, assuming that the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.6 and the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.96, it means that the network device uses broadband transmission. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, the gain of OQAM is larger than that of QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal; when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.4, the gain of OQAM is zero or smaller than that of QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.4, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0215] When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is less than the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor, it is narrowband transmission. Continuing to refer to Table 3, Table 3 shows the OBO values under narrowband. Assuming that the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.096, which is less than the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor 0.6, it means that the network device uses narrowband transmission. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.2, the gain of OQAM is larger than that of QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.2, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.2, the gain of OQAM is smaller than that of QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.2, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0216] The transmission bandwidth factor mentioned above will be specifically introduced below. The transmission bandwidth factor is defined as the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the maximum transmission bandwidth allowed within the channel bandwidth. Figure 12A schematic diagram showing the transmission bandwidth, channel bandwidth, and maximum transmission bandwidth is presented. Section 38.101 5.3.2 of the 5G NR protocol gives the maximum transmission bandwidth configuration for different transmission bandwidths. For example, when the channel bandwidth is 800M and the subcarrier spacing is 960KHz, the maximum transmission bandwidth is 62 RBs. If the transmission bandwidth is 60 RBs, then the transmission bandwidth factor is 60 / 62 = 0.968. The larger the transmission bandwidth factor, the wider the transmission bandwidth, and the smaller the transmission bandwidth factor, the narrower the transmission bandwidth.

[0217] The above specifically explains how the network device selects whether to use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform transmission or the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform transmission when the SEM is the dominant factor in the OBO value. It can also be seen from Tables 2 - 7 that the OBO value is also related to the OBW. From Tables 2 and 3, it can be seen that in most cases, the influence of the OBW on the OBO value is second only to the influence of the SEM on the OBO value.

[0218] The following describes some situations where the influence of the OBW on the OBO value may exceed the influence of the SEM on the OBO value. One situation is when the number of antennas is small. At this time, in order to achieve the maximum output power, the OBO for SEM value is small.

[0219] Table 9 gives the OBO for SEM values corresponding to 8 antennas. It can be seen that at this time, the OBO for SEM value is lower than the OBO for OBW value.

[0220] Table 9 OBO values of QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM broadband under 20 and 8 antennas respectively

[0221]

[0222] Therefore, in some embodiments, the network device can determine whether the OBW is likely to be the dominant factor in the OBO value based on the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the modulation order. When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the assumption that the OBW is the dominant factor in the OBO value may hold.

[0223] Exemplarily, based on Table 8, the first threshold of the modulation order can be set to 2. When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to 2, the QPSK constellation transmission modulation method is used for transmission. Combining Tables 2 - 7, when the QPSK modulation method is used for transmission, the assumption that the OBW is basically the dominant factor in the OBO value may hold.

[0224] In some embodiments, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the threshold of the modulation order, the network device also needs to determine that the SEM's influence on the OBO value is not the dominant factor, but the OBW's influence on the OBO value is the dominant factor.

[0225] In a possible implementation, the terminal device can report its capabilities to the network device, and the network device determines that the OBW's influence on the OBO value is the dominant factor based on the capabilities reported by the terminal device. Exemplarily, the terminal device can report the number of antennas to the network device.

[0226] Furthermore, when the SEM's influence on the OBO value is not the dominant factor, but the OBW's influence on the OBO value is the dominant factor, based on the "OBO for OBW" column in Table 2 and Table 3, it can be seen that for the broadband case, when the roll-off factor is small or medium, such as 0 - 0.333, OQAM has no gain compared to QAM, and in this case, the QAM waveform is selected. For the narrowband case, OQAM always has no gain compared to QAM, and in this case, the QAM waveform is selected.

[0227] Therefore, the network device can determine the roll-off factor when transmitting a signal based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0228] The determination method of the roll-off factor is as described above and will not be elaborated here.

[0229] When the OBW's influence on the OBO value is the dominant factor, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to the factor of the transmission bandwidth. That is, the first threshold of the roll-off factor when the signal is transmitted through broadband can be different from the first threshold of the roll-off factor when the signal is transmitted through narrowband.

[0230] Exemplarily, when the signal is transmitted through broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.333, and when the signal is transmitted through narrowband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 1.

[0231] When the value of the factor of the transmission bandwidth is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the factor of the transmission bandwidth, it indicates that the signal is broadband transmission. Continuing to refer to Table 2, assuming that the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.6 and the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.96, it means that the network device uses broadband transmission. Based on Table 2, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.333, OQAM has a greater gain compared to QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.333, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.333, OQAM has no gain or a smaller gain compared to QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.333, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0232] When the value of the factor of the transmission bandwidth is less than the first threshold of the factor of the transmission bandwidth, it is narrowband transmission. Continuing to refer to Table 3, Table 3 shows the OBO values under narrowband. Assuming that the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is less than 0.6, it means that the network device uses narrowband transmission. Based on Table 3, OQAM always has no gain compared to QAM, and at this time, the QAM waveform is selected.

[0233] The above specifically introduces how the network device selects whether to use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform or the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform for transmission when the OBW occupies the dominant factor of the OBO value. It can also be seen from Tables 2-7 that the OBO value is also related to the IBE. Through Table 3, it can be seen that when the roll-off factor is relatively large, such as 0.5, both the OBO for OBW and the OBO for EVM are zero. However, at this time, the OBO for IBE is still not zero, that is, the IBE occupies the dominant factor at this time. Therefore, it is possible that the IBE occupies the dominant factor when the network device performs narrowband transmission and uses low-order modulation.

[0234] In some embodiments, the network device can determine whether it is possible for the IBE to occupy the dominant factor of the OBO value based on the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the modulation order. When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the assumption that the IBE occupies the dominant factor of the OBO value may hold.

[0235] Since it is only possible for the IBE to occupy the dominant factor when the network device performs broadband transmission and uses low-order modulation. Then the network device also needs to determine the factor of the transmission bandwidth. Specifically, the determination method of the factor of the transmission bandwidth can refer to the above description and will not be elaborated here.

[0236] Further, based on Table 2 and Table 3, when IBE is the dominant factor and when the roll-off factor is large, the OQAM gain is higher than the QAM gain. At this time, the OQAM waveform can be selected. When the roll-off factor is small, the OQAM gain is smaller compared to QAM. At this time, the QAM waveform can be selected.

[0237] Therefore, the network device can determine the roll-off factor when transmitting a signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0238] The determination method of the roll-off factor is as described above and will not be elaborated here.

[0239] When IBE is the dominant factor for the value of OBO, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is also related to the factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0240] Exemplarily, when the signal is transmitted through broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.8.

[0241] When the value of the factor of the transmission bandwidth is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the factor of the transmission bandwidth, it indicates that the signal is transmitted through broadband. Continuing to refer to Table 2, Table 2 shows the OBO values under broadband. Assuming that the value of the factor of the transmission bandwidth is greater than 0.6, it means that the network device uses broadband transmission. Based on Table 2, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or greater than or equal to 0.8, the OQAM gain is larger compared to QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.8, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.8, the OQAM gain is smaller compared to QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.8, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0242] When the value of the factor of the transmission bandwidth is less than the first threshold of the factor of the transmission bandwidth, it is narrowband transmission. Continuing to refer to Table 3, Table 3 shows the OBO values under narrowband. Assuming that the value of the factor of the transmission bandwidth is less than 0.6, it means that the network device uses narrowband transmission. Based on Table 3, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.6, the OQAM gain is larger compared to QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.6, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.6, the OQAM gain is smaller compared to QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.6, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0243] When the above are the dominant factors for the IBE to the OBO value, a specific introduction is given on how the network device selects to use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform or the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform for transmission. It can also be seen from Tables 2-7 that the OBO value is also related to the EVM. Specifically, through Tables 4-7, it can be seen that for high-order MCS users, the comprehensive OBO is mainly determined by the OBO for EVM.

[0244] In some embodiments, the network device may determine whether the EVM is likely to be the dominant factor for the OBO value based on the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the modulation order. When the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order, the assumption that the EVM is the dominant factor for the OBO value may hold.

[0245] Exemplarily, based on Table 8, the threshold of the modulation order can be set to 4, corresponding to 16QAM modulation. When the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to 4, the 16QAM modulation method is used for transmission. Combining Tables 4-7, when the 16QAM modulation is used for transmission, the assumption that the OBO for EVM is basically the dominant factor may hold.

[0246] Furthermore, combining Tables 4-7, whether it is narrowband transmission or broadband transmission, when the roll-off factor is small, OQAM has no gain or little gain compared to QAM. Therefore, when the roll-off factor is small, the QAM waveform is selected, and when the roll-off factor is large, the OQAM waveform is selected.

[0247] Therefore, the network device can determine the roll-off factor during signal transmission. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0248] In some embodiments, the second threshold of the roll-off factor is related to the factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0249] Exemplarily, when the signal is transmitted through broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.4. When the signal is transmitted through narrowband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.35.

[0250] When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor, it indicates that the signal is a broadband transmission. For example, refer to Table 4. Assume that the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.6 and the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.96, indicating that the network device uses broadband transmission. Based on Table 4, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, the gain of OQAM compared to QAM is larger. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.4, the gain of OQAM compared to QAM is zero or small. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.4, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0251] When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is less than the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor, it is a narrowband transmission. For example, refer to Table 5. Table 5 shows the OBO value under narrowband. Assume that the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.096. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.35, the gain of OQAM compared to QAM is larger. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.35, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.35, the gain of OQAM compared to QAM is small. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.35, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0252] S1120a. The network device sends a signal to the terminal device.

[0253] Based on the determined transmission waveform in step S1110a, generate a signal and transmit the signal to the terminal device based on this transmission waveform. Transmitting the signal can also be understood as sending the signal of this transmission waveform.

[0254] S1130a. The network device sends the first indication information to the terminal device, and this first indication information is used to indicate the transmission waveform.

[0255] After the network device determines the transmission waveform of the signal based on step S1110a, it sends the first indication information to the terminal device, and this first indication information is used to indicate the transmission waveform.

[0256] The first indication information may be configured by a network device through high-layer or physical-layer signaling. High-layer signaling may include, for example, radio resource control (RRC) signaling, media access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling for reception and transmission, etc. Physical-layer signaling may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI), signaling transmitted through a downlink physical layer channel, etc. The physical downlink channel may be, for example, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), etc.

[0257] S1140a. The terminal device demodulates the received signal based on the first indication information.

[0258] The terminal device may obtain the signal based on the first indication information, that is, the terminal device obtains the signal based on the transmission waveform, and obtaining the signal may also be understood as demodulating the received signal.

[0259] The terminal device may also send a signal to the network device based on the transmission waveform indicated by the first indication information, and the network device demodulates the received signal using the determined transmission waveform.

[0260] For the communication method 1100(a) provided in this application, the network device may determine the transmission waveform of the signal according to the set thresholds of the modulation order and the roll-off factor, so as to determine whether it is necessary to change the existing protocol to use the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. If there is no OBO gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, then there is no need to modify the protocol and the existing QAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission. If the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, then the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used, so that a better OBO gain can be obtained.

[0261] It should be noted that through the communication method provided in this application, the OBO of the power amplifier can be reduced, thereby increasing the output signal power of the power amplifier. The greater the output power of the power amplifier, the larger the signal coverage range. Therefore, a larger output power of the power amplifier is beneficial to the coverage of high-frequency communication in the high-frequency communication field, and in the sensing scenario, a larger output power of the power amplifier is beneficial to increasing the power of the echo signal generated by the reflection of a long-distance target.

[0262] The above implementation method is based on the network device to perform waveform selection and then notify the terminal device through signaling. Of course, in the above implementation method, the terminal device can also perform waveform selection, so that the network device does not need to notify the terminal device which waveform to use for receiving signals through signaling, thereby reducing the signaling overhead.

[0263] In the above implementation method, the first threshold of the modulation order, the second threshold of the modulation order, the first threshold of the roll-off factor, and the second threshold of the roll-off factor can be preset by the protocol. The terminal device and the network device can determine the transmission waveform of the signal based on the thresholds of the modulation order and the roll-off factor preset by the protocol. In this way, the network device does not need to notify the terminal device of the transmission waveform used through signaling, thereby reducing the signaling overhead.

[0264] Exemplarily, FIG. 11(b) shows a schematic interaction flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. This method 1100(b) can be applied to the above scenario, and of course, it can also be applied to other communication scenarios. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this here.

[0265] In the embodiments of the present application, this method 1100(b) can also be executed by a first communication device. Without special explanation, the "first communication device" in the present application can refer to the first communication device itself (for example, a network device, a terminal device), or a component in the first communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or it can also be a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device. The present application does not limit the execution entity of this communication method.

[0266] Taking the terminal device and the network device as the execution entities of each step in the method 1100(b) as an example, the method 1100(b) will be described below.

[0267] As shown in FIG. 11(b), this method 1100(b) includes:

[0268] S1110b. The network device determines the transmission waveform, which is related to the threshold of the first parameter. The first parameter includes the modulation order and the roll-off factor.

[0269] The specific implementation manner of step S1110b can refer to the description of S1110a and will not be elaborated here.

[0270] S1120b. The terminal device determines the transmission waveform, which is related to the threshold of the first parameter. The first parameter includes the modulation order and the roll-off factor.

[0271] The method by which the terminal device determines the transmission waveform based on the threshold of the modulation order and the threshold of the roll-off factor is the same as that of the network device. Specifically, reference can be made to the description in S1110a, which will not be elaborated here.

[0272] S1130b. The network device sends the signal to the terminal device.

[0273] Based on the transmission waveform determined by the network device, the network device transmits the signal to the terminal device. Transmitting the signal can also be understood as sending the signal of the transmission waveform.

[0274] S1140b. The terminal device demodulates the received signal.

[0275] Based on the transmission waveform that the terminal device can determine in step S1120b, in step S1140b, the terminal device can directly obtain the signal based on the transmission waveform. Obtaining the signal can also be understood as demodulating the received signal, without the need for the network device to send the first indication information to the terminal device to indicate the transmission waveform, thus reducing the signaling overhead.

[0276] The terminal device can also send a signal to the network device based on the determined transmission waveform, and the network device demodulates the received signal using the determined transmission waveform.

[0277] Optionally, in the embodiments of the present application, the terminal device can also send a request message to the network device. The request message carries the transmission waveform determined by the terminal device, and the network device can determine whether the terminal device can use the determined transmission waveform for signal transmission based on the request message of the terminal device.

[0278] It should be understood that the methods, situations, categories, and the division of embodiments in the embodiments of the present application are only for the convenience of description and should not constitute special limitations. The features in various methods, categories, situations, and embodiments can be combined without conflict.

[0279] It should also be understood that the above is only to help those skilled in the art better understand the embodiments of the present application, rather than to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can obviously make various equivalent modifications or changes according to the above examples. For example, some steps in the above method 1200 may not be necessary, or some steps may be newly added, etc. Or any combination of any two or any multiple of the above embodiments. Such modified, changed, or combined solutions also fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0280] It should also be understood that the above description of the embodiments of the present application focuses on emphasizing the differences between the embodiments. The same or similar parts not mentioned can be referred to each other. For the sake of brevity, they will not be elaborated here.

[0281] It should also be understood that the magnitudes of the serial numbers of the above processes do not imply the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined according to its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0282] It should also be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, "predetermined" and "predefined" can be implemented by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in a device (for example, including a terminal device and a network device), and the specific implementation manner of the present application is not limited.

[0283] It should also be understood that in each embodiment of the present application, if there is no special description and logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be mutually referred to, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form a new embodiment according to their internal logical relationships.

[0284] The above has introduced in detail the example of the communication method provided by the present application. It can be understood that for the authentication service function, the terminal device, and the unified data management to implement the above functions, they include the corresponding hardware structures and / or software modules for executing each function. Those skilled in the art should easily realize that, combined with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed in this article, the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a certain function is executed in the way of hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described function for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present application.

[0285] Next, the communication device provided by the present application will be introduced.

[0286] Exemplarily, Figure 13 FIG. shows a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1300 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1300 may correspond to the network device described in each embodiment of the above method 1100(a) and method 1100(b), or may be a chip or component applied to the network device. Moreover, each module or unit in the communication device 1300 is respectively used to execute each action or processing process performed by the network device described in each embodiment of the above method 1100(a) and method 1100(b).

[0287] As Figure 13 shown, the communication device 1300 includes a transceiver unit 1310 and a processing unit 1320. The transceiver unit 1310 is used to perform specific signal transceiver under the drive of the processing unit 1320.

[0288] In some embodiments:

[0289] A processing unit 1320, configured to determine a transmission waveform of a signal, where the transmission waveform is related to a threshold of a first parameter, and the first parameter includes: a modulation order and a roll-off factor. Wherein, the transmission waveform is a quadrature amplitude modulation discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform or an offset quadrature amplitude modulation discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform, and the roll-off factor is determined based on a transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform.

[0290] A transceiver unit 1310, configured to transmit or acquire a signal based on the transmission waveform.

[0291] The communication device provided in this application can determine the transmission waveform of a signal according to the set thresholds of the modulation order and the roll-off factor, so as to determine whether it is necessary to change the existing protocol to use the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. If the OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, then there is no need to modify the protocol and use the existing QAMDFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. If the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, then the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used, so that a better OBO gain can be obtained.

[0292] It should be noted that the communication device corresponds to a chip or a component of a network device.

[0293] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to a first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0294] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0295] Optionally, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0296] Optionally, the first threshold of the modulation order is 2.

[0297] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to a second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0298] Optionally, the value corresponding to the modulation order is greater than or equal to a second threshold of the modulation order, the value of the roll-off factor is less than a second threshold of the roll-off factor, and the transmission waveform is a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0299] Optionally, the second threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0300] Optionally, the second threshold of the modulation order is 4.

[0301] Optionally, the transceiver unit 1310 is further configured to send or receive the first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the transmission waveform.

[0302] It should be understood that for the specific processes of each unit in the communication device 1300 to execute the above corresponding steps, please refer to the description of the network device in the relevant embodiments in the previous text in combination with method 1100(a) and method 1100(b) and FIGS. 11(a) and 11(b). For example, the transceiver unit 1310 may execute the steps related to reception and transmission in the above method embodiments, and the processing unit 1320 may execute the steps other than reception and transmission. Various specific processes are as described in the method embodiments. For the sake of brevity, no further elaboration is provided here.

[0303] It should be understood that the communication device may further include a storage unit, where the storage unit is configured to store instructions executed by the transceiver unit 1310 and the processing unit 1320. The storage unit stores instructions, the processing unit 1320 is configured to execute the instructions stored by the storage unit, and the transceiver unit 1310 is configured to perform specific signal reception and transmission under the drive of the processing unit 1320.

[0304] It should be understood that the transceiver unit 1310 may be a transceiver, an input / output interface, or an interface circuit. The storage unit may be a memory. The processing unit 1320 may be implemented by a processor. Figure 14 FIG. shows a schematic block diagram of another example communication device 1400 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 14 shown, the communication device 1400 may include a processor 1410, a memory 1420, and a transceiver 1430.

[0305] Figure 13 The communication device 1300 shown or Figure 14 The communication device 1400 shown is capable of implementing the steps executed by the network device in each of the foregoing method 1100(a) and method 1100(b). Similar descriptions may refer to the descriptions in the foregoing corresponding methods. To avoid repetition, no further elaboration is provided here.

[0306] It should also be understood that Figure 13 The communication device 1300 shown or Figure 14The communication device 1400 shown may be a network device.

[0307] Figure 15 FIG. shows a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1500 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1500 may correspond to the terminal device described in the above method 1100(a) and method 1100(b), or may be a chip or component applied to the terminal device. Moreover, each module or unit in the communication device 1500 is respectively used to execute each action or processing procedure performed by the terminal device in the above method 1100(a) and method 1100(b).

[0308] As Figure 15 shown, the communication device 1500 may include a transceiver unit 1510 and a processing unit 1520. The transceiver unit 1510 is used to perform specific signal transmission and reception under the drive of the processing unit 1520.

[0309] In some embodiments:

[0310] The processing unit 1520 is used to determine the transmission waveform of the signal. The transmission waveform is related to the threshold of the first parameter. The first parameter includes: modulation order and roll-off factor. Wherein, the transmission waveform is a quadrature amplitude modulation discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform or an offset quadrature amplitude modulation discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform. The roll-off factor is determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform.

[0311] The transceiver unit 1510 transmits or acquires the signal based on the transmission waveform.

[0312] The communication device provided by the present application can determine the transmission waveform of the signal according to the set thresholds of the modulation order and the roll-off factor, so as to determine whether it is necessary to change the existing protocol to use the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. If the OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, then there is no need to modify the protocol and use the existing QAMDFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. If the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, then use the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform, so that a better OBO gain can be obtained.

[0313] It should be noted that the communication device corresponds to a chip or component of a network device.

[0314] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0315] Optionally, when the value corresponding to the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0316] Optionally, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to the factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0317] Optionally, the first threshold of the modulation order is 2.

[0318] Optionally, when the value corresponding to the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0319] Optionally, when the value corresponding to the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0320] Optionally, the second threshold of the roll-off factor is related to the factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0321] Optionally, the second threshold of the modulation order is 4.

[0322] Optionally, the transceiver unit 1510 is further configured to send or receive first indication information for indicating the transmission waveform.

[0323] It should be understood that for the specific processes of each unit in the communication device 1500 to execute the above corresponding steps, please refer to the descriptions related to the terminal device in the relevant embodiments of method 1100(a) and method 1100(b) in the foregoing text. For example, the transceiver unit 1510 may execute the steps related to receiving and sending in the above method embodiments, and the processing unit 1520 may execute the steps other than processing and transceiver. Various specific processing methods are as described in the method embodiments. For the sake of brevity, they are not elaborated here.

[0324] Optionally, the transceiver unit 1510 may include a receiving unit (module) and a sending unit (module) for executing the steps of the terminal device receiving information and sending information in each embodiment of the foregoing method 1100(a) and method 1100(b).

[0325] It should be understood that the transceiver unit 1510 may be a transceiver, an input / output interface, or an interface circuit. The storage unit may be a memory. The processing unit 1520 may be implemented by a processor. Figure 16The schematic block diagram of another example communication device 1600 provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown. As Figure 16 shown, the communication device 1600 may include a processor 1610, a memory 1620, and a transceiver 1630.

[0326] Figure 15 The communication device 1500 shown or Figure 16 The communication device 1600 shown can implement the steps performed by the terminal device in the embodiments of the foregoing method 1100. Similar descriptions can refer to the descriptions in the foregoing corresponding methods. To avoid repetition, they will not be elaborated here.

[0327] It should also be understood that Figure 15 The communication device 1500 shown or Figure 16 The communication device 1600 shown can be a terminal device.

[0328] It should also be understood that the division of units in the above device is only a division of logical functions. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a physical entity, or physically separated. And the units in the device can all be implemented in the form of software called by processing elements; they can also all be implemented in the form of hardware; they can also be partially implemented in the form of software called by processing elements and partially implemented in the form of hardware. For example, each unit can be a separately established processing element, or can be integrated in a certain chip of the device. In addition, it can also be stored in the memory in the form of a program and called and executed by a certain processing element of the device to perform the functions of the unit. Here, the processing element can also be called a processor, which can be an integrated circuit with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method or each of the above units can be implemented through the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor element or in the form of software called by the processing element.

[0329] In one example, the units in any of the above devices may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods. For example: one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms. Again, when the units in the device can be implemented in the form of a processing element scheduler, the processing element may be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or other processor that can call programs. Again, these units may be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).

[0330] Figure 17 FIG. 1700 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device provided in the present application, which can be used to implement the functions of the terminal device in the above methods. The above communication device 1500 or communication device 1600 may be configured in the terminal device 1700. Alternatively, the communication device 1500 or communication device 1600 itself may be the terminal device 1700. Or rather, the terminal device 1700 may perform the actions performed by the terminal device in the above method 1100(a) and method 1100(b). Optionally, for ease of explanation, Figure 17 only the main components of the terminal device are shown. As Figure 17 shown, the terminal device 1700 includes a processor, a memory, a control circuit, an antenna, and an input / output device.

[0331] The processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, and to control the entire terminal device, execute software programs, and process the data of software programs. For example, it is used to support the terminal device to perform the actions described in the above embodiments of the method for indicating a transmission precoding matrix. The memory is mainly used to store software programs and data, such as storing the codebook described in the above embodiments. The control circuit is mainly used for the conversion between baseband signals and radio frequency signals and the processing of radio frequency signals. The control circuit and the antenna together may also be called a transceiver, which is mainly used to receive and transmit radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. The input / output device, such as a touch screen, a display screen, a keyboard, etc., is mainly used to receive data input by the user and output data to the user.

[0332] After the terminal device is powered on, the processor can read the software program in the storage unit, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program. When data needs to be wirelessly transmitted, after the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted, it outputs a baseband signal to the radio frequency circuit. The radio frequency circuit performs radio frequency processing on the baseband signal and then transmits the radio frequency signal outward in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the terminal device, the radio frequency circuit receives the radio frequency signal through the antenna, converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor. The processor converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.

[0333] Those skilled in the art can understand that for the sake of convenience of description, Figure 17 only one memory and one processor are shown. In an actual terminal device, there may be multiple processors and memories. The memory can also be referred to as a storage medium or a storage device, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0334] For example, the processor may include a baseband processor and a central processing unit. The baseband processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit is mainly used to control the entire terminal device, execute software programs, and process the data of the software programs. Figure 17 The processor in [description] integrates the functions of the baseband processor and the central processing unit. Those skilled in the art can understand that the baseband processor and the central processing unit can also be independent processors and are interconnected through technologies such as a bus. Those skilled in the art can understand that the terminal device may include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network modes, the terminal device may include multiple central processing units to enhance its processing ability, and various components of the terminal device can be connected through various buses. The baseband processor can also be referred to as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip. The central processing unit can also be referred to as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip. The function of processing communication protocols and communication data can be built into the processor or stored in the storage unit in the form of a software program, and the processor executes the software program to implement the baseband processing function.

[0335] Exemplarily, in the embodiments of the present application, the antenna and the control circuit with transceiver functions can be regarded as the transceiver unit 1701 of the terminal device 1700, and the processor with processing functions can be regarded as the processing unit 1702 of the terminal device 1700. As Figure 17As shown in the figure, the terminal device 1700 includes a transceiver unit 1701 and a processing unit 1702. The transceiver unit may also be referred to as a transceiver, a transceiver, a transceiver device, etc. Optionally, the device for implementing the receiving function in the transceiver unit 1701 can be regarded as a receiving unit, and the device for implementing the transmitting function in the transceiver unit 1701 can be regarded as a transmitting unit, that is, the transceiver unit 1701 includes a receiving unit and a transmitting unit. Exemplarily, the receiving unit may also be referred to as a receiver, a receiver, a receiving circuit, etc., and the transmitting unit may be referred to as a transmitter, a transmitter, or a transmitting circuit, etc.

[0336] Figure 18 The following is a schematic structural diagram of a network device 1800 provided by an embodiment of the present application, which can be used to implement the functions of the serving base station, the source base station, and the target base station in the above method. The network device 1800 includes one or more radio frequency units, such as a remote radio unit (RRU) 1801 and one or more baseband units (BBUs) (also referred to as digital units, DUs) 1802. The RRU 1801 may be referred to as a transceiver unit, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, or a transceiver, etc., and it may include at least one antenna 18011 and a radio frequency unit 18012. This part of the RRU 1801 is mainly used for the transceiver of radio frequency signals and the conversion between radio frequency signals and baseband signals. For example, it is used to send the signaling messages in the above embodiments to the terminal device. This part of the BBU 1802 is mainly used for baseband processing and controlling the base station, etc. The RRU 1801 and the BBU 1802 may be physically set together or physically separated, that is, a distributed base station.

[0337] The BBU 1802 is the control center of the base station and may also be referred to as a processing unit, mainly used to complete baseband processing functions, such as channel coding, multiplexing, modulation, spreading, etc. For example, the BBU (processing unit) 1802 can be used to control the base station to execute the operation process of the network device in the above method embodiments.

[0338] In one example, the BBU 1802 may be composed of one or more single boards. The multiple single boards may jointly support a radio access network of a single access mode (such as an LTE system or a 5G system), or may separately support radio access networks of different access modes. The BBU 1802 further includes a memory 18021 and a processor 18022. The memory 18021 is used to store necessary instructions and data. For example, the memory 18021 stores a codebook in the above embodiment. The processor 18022 is used to control the base station to perform necessary operations, such as controlling the base station to execute the operation process of the network device in the above method embodiment. The memory 18021 and the processor 18022 may serve one or more single boards. That is to say, a memory and a processor may be separately provided on each single board. It is also possible that multiple single boards share the same memory and processor. In addition, necessary circuits may be provided on each single board.

[0339] In a possible implementation manner, with the development of system-on-chip (SoC) technology, all or part of the functions of the 1802 part and the 1801 part may be implemented by SoC technology. For example, it may be implemented by a base station function chip, which integrates devices such as a processor, a memory, and an antenna interface. Programs related to the base station functions are stored in the memory, and the processor executes the programs to implement the related functions of the base station. Optionally, the base station function chip can also read an external memory of the chip to implement the related functions of the base station.

[0340] It should also be understood that the division of units in the above device is only a division of logical functions. In actual implementation, it can be fully or partially integrated into a physical entity, or physically separated. And the units in the device can all be implemented in the form of software called by a processing element; they can also all be implemented in the form of hardware; or some units can be implemented in the form of software called by a processing element, and some units can be implemented in the form of hardware. For example, each unit can be a separately established processing element, or can be integrated in a certain chip of the device. In addition, it can also be stored in the memory in the form of a program and called and executed by a certain processing element of the device to perform the functions of the unit. Here, the processing element can also be called a processor, which can be an integrated circuit with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method or each of the above units can be implemented through the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor element or in the form of software called by the processing element. In one example, the units in any of the above devices can be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method, for example: one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or, one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms. Again, when the units in the device can be implemented in the form of a processing element scheduling program, the processing element can be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or other processors that can call programs. Again, these units can be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).

[0341] The embodiment of the present application also provides a chip system, as Figure 19 shown. The chip system includes at least one processor 1910 and at least one interface circuit 1920. The processor 1910 and the interface circuit 1920 can be interconnected by lines. For example, the interface circuit 1920 can be used to receive signals from other devices (such as the memory of the terminal device 1700). Again, for example, the interface circuit 1920 can be used to send signals to other devices (such as the processor 1910). Exemplarily, the interface circuit 1920 can read the instructions stored in the memory and send the instructions to the processor 1910. When the instructions are executed by the processor 1910, the terminal device can be made to execute each step performed by the terminal device in the above embodiment. Of course, the chip system can also include other discrete devices, and the embodiment of the present application does not make specific limitations on this.

[0342] An embodiment of the present application further provides a communication system, which includes: the network device and the terminal device provided in the above method embodiment.

[0343] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer program code. The computer program includes instructions for executing any one of the communication methods provided in the above embodiments of the present application. The readable medium may be a read-only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (RAM), and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0344] The present application further provides a computer program product, which includes instructions that, when executed, cause the network device and the terminal device to perform corresponding operations corresponding to those in the above method.

[0345] An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip located in a communication device. The chip includes: a processing unit and a communication unit. The processing unit may be, for example, a processor, and the communication unit may be, for example, an input / output interface, a pin, or a circuit, etc. The processing unit can execute computer instructions to cause the communication device to perform any one of the communication methods provided in the above embodiments of the present application.

[0346] Optionally, the computer instructions are stored in a storage unit.

[0347] Optionally, the storage unit is a storage unit inside the chip, such as a register, a cache, etc. The storage unit may also be a storage unit outside the chip in the terminal, such as a ROM or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a random RAM, etc. Among them, the processor mentioned anywhere above may be a CPU, a microprocessor, an ASIC, or an integrated circuit for controlling the execution of the program of the above feedback information transmission method. The processing unit and the storage unit can be decoupled and arranged on different physical devices, and connected by wired or wireless means to implement the respective functions of the processing unit and the storage unit, so as to support the system chip to implement various functions in the above embodiments. Or, the processing unit and the memory may also be coupled on the same device.

[0348] Among them, the terminal device, the computer-readable storage medium, the computer program product, or the chip provided in this embodiment are all used to execute the corresponding method provided above. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can refer to the beneficial effects in the corresponding method provided above, and will not be elaborated here.

[0349] It can be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a ROM, a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a RAM, which is used as an external cache. There are various different types of RAM, such as a static random access memory (SRAM), a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), a synch link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and a direct rambus random access memory (DRRAM).

[0350] In the present application, names are given to various objects such as various messages / information / devices / network elements / systems / devices / actions / operations / processes / concepts, etc. that may appear. It can be understood that these specific names do not constitute a limitation on the relevant objects, and the given names can be changed according to factors such as the scenario, context, or usage habits. The understanding of the technical meaning of the technical terms in the present application should be mainly determined from the functions and technical effects embodied / executed in the technical solution.

[0351] In various embodiments of the present application, if there is no special explanation and logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be mutually referred to. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their internal logical relationships.

[0352] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or by a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present application.

[0353] The methods in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are executed in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer program or instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted through the computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that the computer can access or a data storage device such as a server integrating one or more available media.

[0354] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments and will not be elaborated herein.

[0355] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed couplings or direct couplings or communication connections to each other can be through some interfaces, and the indirect couplings or communication connections of the devices or units can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0356] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0357] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0358] When the above-mentioned functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a readable storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned readable storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: Determine the transmission waveform of the signal, where the transmission waveform is related to the threshold of a first parameter, and the first parameter includes: modulation order and roll-off factor. Wherein, the transmission waveform is a quadrature amplitude modulation discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform, or an offset quadrature amplitude modulation discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform, and the roll-off factor is determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform. Transmit or obtain the signal based on the transmission waveform.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to a first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to a first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to a first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than a first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a factor of the transmission bandwidth.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The first threshold of the modulation order is 2.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein When the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to a second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to a second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, When the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to a second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than a second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The second threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a factor of the transmission bandwidth.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that, The second threshold of the modulation order is 4.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method further includes: Transmit or receive first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the transmission waveform.

11. A communication device, characterized in that, The device includes: at least one processor and at least one memory; Wherein, the at least one memory is used to store computer programs or instructions; The at least one processor is used to execute part or all of the computer programs or instructions in the at least one memory, so that the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is executed.

12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer programs or instructions, and when the computer reads and executes the computer programs or instructions, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is executed.

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