Fertilizing method for improving quality and increasing yield of colored wheat

Abstract

The invention provides a fertilizing method for improving quality and increasing yield of colored wheat, and belongs to the technical field of wheat planting. The invention provides a selenium-zinc fertilizer combined application method for colored wheat. The specific fertilization method comprises the following steps: spraying 3.3 kg.hm <-2 > of nano-selenium and 22 kg.hm <-2 > of zinc sulfate heptahydrate on leaf surfaces; or 6.6 kg.hm <-2 > of sodium selenite and 22 kg.hm <-2 > of zinc sulfate heptahydrate are sprayed on leaf surfaces. According to the fertilization method provided by the invention, the appropriate selenium and zinc application amount for intercoordination of the yield and the quality of the Xiaoqi88 is finally defined, the agronomic character, the yield, the grain quality and the element content of the Xiaoqi88 can be remarkably improved, and a solid theoretical and technical foundation is laid for popularization and application of the colored wheat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wheat cultivation, and in particular to a fertilization method for improving the quality and increasing the yield of colored wheat. Background Art

[0002] Mineral elements are crucial for maintaining the normal physiological functions and health of the human body. Among them, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and magnesium (Mg) are essential mineral elements for human health, and deficiency can lead to various health problems and diseases. Calcium deficiency may cause diseases such as osteoporosis and rickets in children, iron deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anemia and metabolic disorders, insufficient zinc intake can cause stunted growth, DNA damage, and adverse pregnancy, selenium deficiency can reduce the body's immune function and detoxification ability, and magnesium deficiency can increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

[0003] Ingesting trace elements through food is an important way for the human body to supplement trace elements. Wheat is a major food crop in China and plays an important role in food production. It is an important food source for the human body to intake nutrients. However, the content of mineral elements in wheat grains in China is not optimistic. Most of them are in a lack state and it is difficult to meet people's daily needs.

[0004] Colored wheat has many excellent traits and contains more trace elements, polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins and other substances beneficial to the human body than ordinary wheat. It is considered a high-quality natural black food and plays an important role in solving the lack of mineral nutrient elements in China. Through biofortification projects, increasing the content of trace elements in the edible parts of crops is an economical and effective strategy to solve the lack of trace elements in the human body. Therefore, applying trace element fertilizers to increase the mineral elements in colored wheat grains is an effective measure to improve the lack of mineral elements in the human body. There is little research on improving the quality and increasing the yield of colored wheat at home and abroad, especially the effects of combined application of selenium and zinc on yield and quality are rarely reported. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fertilization method for improving the quality and increasing the yield of colored wheat. The fertilization method of the present invention can increase the yield and quality of colored wheat, and can increase the content of elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and selenium, laying a solid theoretical and technical foundation for the popularization and application of colored wheat.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a fertilization method for improving the quality and increasing the yield of colored wheat. The method for the combined application of selenium and zinc fertilizers is as follows:

[0008] 0 < nano-selenium ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 0 ≤ zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm-2 ;

[0009] or 0 < sodium selenite ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 0 ≤ zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm -2 ;

[0010] or 0 ≤ nano selenium ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 0 < zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm -2 ;

[0011] or 0 ≤ sodium selenite ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 0 < zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm -2 .

[0012] Preferably, the method for applying the selenium-zinc fertilizer is as follows:

[0013] 3.3 kg·hm -2 ≤ nano selenium ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 22 kg·hm -2 ≤ zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm -2 ;

[0014] or 3.3 kg·hm -2 ≤ sodium selenite ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 22 kg·hm -2 ≤ zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm -2 .

[0015] Preferably, the method for applying the selenium-zinc fertilizer is as follows:

[0016] 3.3 kg·hm -2 nano selenium and 22 kg·hm -2 zinc sulfate heptahydrate;

[0017] or 6.6 kg·hm -2 sodium selenite and 22 kg·hm -2 zinc sulfate heptahydrate.

[0018] Preferably, the application method of the selenium-zinc fertilizer is foliar spraying.

[0019] Preferably, the spraying time of the selenium-zinc fertilizer is 3 - 10 days after wheat flowering, and it is sprayed 3 times in total.

[0020] Preferably, when using the selenium-zinc fertilizer, it also includes applying a ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the nutrient content of the ternary compound fertilizer is: 20% ≤ N ≤ 25%, 12% ≤ P ≤ 15%, 5% ≤ K ≤ 8%; the application rate of the ternary compound fertilizer is 720 - 780 kg·hm -2 .

[0021] Preferably, the colored wheat variety is Xihei 88.

[0022] In the present invention, Xihei 88 is selected, and through experimental research on the effects of combined application of selenium and zinc fertilizers on the agronomic traits, yield, grain quality and element content of Xihei 88, it is finally determined that the most suitable application rates of selenium and zinc fertilizers for coordinating the yield and quality of Xihei 88 are 3.3 kg·hm -2 nano-selenium and 22 kg·hm -2 zinc sulfate heptahydrate or 6.6 kg·hm -2 sodium selenite and 22 kg·hm -2 zinc sulfate heptahydrate. The fertilization scheme provided by the present invention can improve the yield and quality of colored wheat, and can increase the content of elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and selenium, laying a solid theoretical and technical foundation for the popularization and application of colored wheat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a result diagram of the effect of spraying selenium-zinc fertilizer on the mineral element content of Xihei 88 grains. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] This example provides a method for combined application of zinc and selenium fertilizers for improving the quality and increasing the yield of colored wheat: the dosage of nano-selenium is 3.3 kg·hm -2 , and the required dosage of zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 22 kg·hm -2 . According to the area of the plot, calculate the dosages of nano-selenium and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, dissolve the fertilizers in 1 L of clear water, and spray evenly with a hand-held compression sprayer.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] This example provides a method for combined application of zinc and selenium fertilizers for improving the quality and increasing the yield of colored wheat: the dosage of sodium selenite is 3.3 kg·hm -2 , and the dosage of zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 44 kg·hm -2 . According to the area of the plot, calculate the dosages of nano-selenium and zinc sulfate heptahydrate required, dissolve the fertilizers in 1 L of clear water, and spray evenly with a hand-held compression sprayer.

[0029] Example 3

[0030] This example provides a method for combined application of zinc and selenium fertilizers for improving the quality and increasing the yield of colored wheat: the dosage of sodium selenite is 6.6 kg·hm-2 , the dosage of zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 44 kg·hm -2 , calculate the dosages of nano-selenium and zinc sulfate heptahydrate required according to the area of the plot, dissolve the fertilizers with corresponding dosages in 1 L of clear water, and evenly spray them with a handheld compression sprayer.

[0031] Example 4

[0032] This example provides a method for combined application of zinc and selenium fertilizers for improving the quality and increasing the yield of colored wheat: the dosage of nano-selenium is 6.6 kg·hm -2 , the dosage of zinc sulfate heptahydrate required is 22 kg·hm -2 , calculate the dosages of nano-selenium and zinc sulfate heptahydrate according to the area of the plot, dissolve the fertilizers with corresponding dosages in 1 L of clear water, and evenly spray them with a handheld compression sprayer.

[0033] Test example

[0034] 1. Test design

[0035] A split-plot design was adopted. The main plots were 2 kinds of selenium fertilizers (sodium selenite, nano-selenium), with 4 levels: 0, 3.3, 6.6, and 9.9 kg·hm -2 ; the sub-plots were zinc fertilizers, with 3 levels: 0, 22, and 44 kg·hm -2 ; there were a total of 24 treatments, and the treatment numbers are shown in Table 2. The plot area was 7.5 m 2 (2.5 m × 3.0 m). The plots were sown with a plot seeder (120 g of seeds were sown in each plot), the row spacing was 0.20 m, and the depth was 0.30 cm. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and a 0.5 m protection row was set between the plots to prevent cross-contamination. Foliar spraying was carried out 3 days, 6 days, and 9 days after anthesis of wheat. The spraying time was selected after 16:30 on sunny and windless afternoons. Taking clear water as the control, dissolve the fertilizers with corresponding dosages in 1 L of clear water for each plot, and select a handheld compression sprayer for even spraying. Sowing was carried out on October 16, 2021. For every 667 m 2 , 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N + P + K = 22% + 14% + 6%) was applied. All the fertilizers were applied once before sowing 3 days before sowing in the form of base fertilizer in combination with soil preparation, and were applied once after being mixed with the poison bait (methyl isosulfan, difenoconazole, and Arkadian). The dosage of the poison bait per mu was: 5 ml of 40% methyl isosulfan + 1 ml of 37% difenoconazole + 7.5 g of Arkadian. Winter irrigation was carried out on December 30, 2021, and jointing water was irrigated on February 26, 2022. The irrigation amount was 1050 m 3 ·hm -2 ; Harvesting was carried out on June 8, 2022, and other management measures were the same as those in general field production.

[0036] The colored wheat variety selected was Xihei 88. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field in the west area of the north campus of Northwest A&F University in Yangling District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province (34°17′28″N, 108°4′49″E, altitude 506 m). The experimental area belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with an average annual precipitation of 551 mm and an average annual temperature of 13.38 °C. The soil is Lou soil with a pH of 7.90. The soil nutrients are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1 Surface soil nutrients

[0038]

[0039] In this invention, after harvesting from different plots, the panicle number, 1000-grain weight, grains per panicle and yield of Xihei 88 were measured, and the effects of different selenium-zinc fertilizer combinations on the yield of Xihei 88 were analyzed. The effects of selenium-zinc fertilizer combinations on the yield components and yield of Xihei 88 are shown in Table 2.

[0040] Table 2 Effects of selenium-zinc application on the yield components and yield of Xihei 88

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] Analysis of variance was performed on the results in Table 2. The analysis showed that the combination application of selenium-zinc fertilizer had a highly significant level on the yield and yield components of Xihei 88. The yield, grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of selenium and zinc fertilizer application rates, reaching the maximum values under the treatments of applying 6.6 kg·hm -2 sodium selenite and 22 kg·hm -2 zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and 3.3 kg·hm -2 nano-selenium and 22 kg·hm -2 zinc sulfate heptahydrate, respectively. Compared with CK, when applying 6.6 kg·hm -2 sodium selenite and 22 kg·hm -2 zinc sulfate heptahydrate, the yield, grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight increased by 9.94%, 9.92% and 8.40% respectively; compared with CK, when applying 3.3 kg·hm -2 nano-selenium and 22 kg·hm -2 zinc sulfate heptahydrate, the yield, grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight increased by 12.58%, 7.72% and 6.10% respectively. The above results indicate that the combined application of appropriate concentrations of selenium-zinc fertilizer is beneficial to the high-yield formation of Xihei 88, and when reaching the same improvement level, the application rate of nano-selenium is less than that of sodium selenite.

[0044] 2. Effects of selenium-zinc combined application on the grain quality of Xihei 88

[0045] In this invention, the selenium-zinc fertilizers with different ratios were applied to the harvested Xihei 88 in different plots, and the starch content, crude protein content and crude ash content in the grains were measured to analyze the effects of different selenium-zinc fertilizer applications on the grain quality of Xihei 88. The measuring methods for starch, crude protein and crude ash content were as follows: Use a near-infrared grain analyzer (DA 7250) for measurement. After turning on the machine and preheating, calibrate the instrument. Take representative samples and crush them to a particle size ≤ 0.25 mm, evenly load them into the sample cups, with 100 g of samples in each sample cup, and keep the surface flat. Put the sample cups into the detection slot, close the light-shielding cover, and start scanning. The instrument automatically analyzes and displays the contents of components such as moisture and protein. Record the data and clean the sample cups. The effects of selenium-zinc fertilizer application on the grains of Xihei 88 are shown in Table 3.

[0046] Table 3 Effects of Selenium-Zinc Fertilizer Application on the Grain Quality of Xihei 88

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Analysis of variance was carried out on the results in Table 3. The analysis showed that the combined application of selenium-zinc fertilizers had a highly significant effect on the starch content, crude protein content and crude ash content in the colored wheat grains. The starch content, crude protein content and crude ash content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of selenium and zinc fertilizer application rates, reaching the maximum values under the combined application of sodium selenite at 6.6 kg·hm -2 and zinc sulfate heptahydrate at 22 kg·hm -2 , and the combined application of nano-selenium at 3.3 kg·hm -2 and zinc sulfate heptahydrate at 22 kg·hm -2 . Compared with CK, when sodium selenite at 6.6 kg·hm -2 was combined with zinc sulfate heptahydrate at 22 kg·hm -2 , the starch content, crude protein content and crude ash content increased by 1.40%, 14.97% and 25.00% respectively; compared with CK, when nano-selenium at 3.3 kg·hm -2 was combined with zinc sulfate heptahydrate at 22 kg·hm -2 , the starch content, crude protein content and crude ash content increased by 1.62%, 13.07% and 17.68% respectively. The above results indicate that the combined application of selenium-zinc fertilizers at appropriate concentrations is beneficial to improving the grain quality of Xihei 88.

[0050] 3. Effects of Selenium-Zinc Fertilizer Application on the Element Content in the Grains of Xihei 88

[0051] In this invention, the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Se in the grains of Xihei 88 harvested from different plots were measured, and the effects of different combinations of selenium and zinc fertilizers on the elemental contents in the grains of Xihei 88 were analyzed. The method for measuring the elemental contents was as follows: 10 g of the harvested grain samples were taken for grinding, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, 0.2 g was weighed and placed in a digestion tube, 10 ml of nitric acid and 5 ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide were added, and it was digested in a graphite digestion instrument (SH220N) for 90 min. The digested product was made up to 50 ml with deionized water and stored at 4°C. The contents of Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn, and Se were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The effects of the combination of selenium and zinc fertilizers on the grains of Xihei 88 are as Figure 1 shown. Among them: A1, A2, A3, and A4 represent sodium selenite at 0 kg·hm -2 , sodium selenite at 3.3 kg·hm -2 , sodium selenite at 6.6 kg·hm -2 , and sodium selenite at 9.9 kg·hm -2 ; B1, B2, B3, and B4 represent nano-selenium at 0 kg·hm -2 , nano-selenium at 3.3 kg·hm -2 , nano-selenium at 6.6 kg·hm -2 , and nano-selenium at 9.9 kg·hm -2 ; C1, C2, and C3 represent zinc sulfate heptahydrate at 0 kg·hm -2 , zinc sulfate heptahydrate at 22 kg·hm -2 , and zinc sulfate heptahydrate at 44 kg·hm -2 .

[0052] Analysis of variance was performed on the elemental contents in the wheat grains measured by the above method. The results showed that the combination of selenium and zinc fertilizers had a highly significant effect on the elemental contents in the colored wheat grains. From Figure 1 it can be seen that under the condition of combined application of sodium selenite and zinc sulfate heptahydrate: at low concentrations of sodium selenite (0 kg·hm -2 , 3.3 kg·hm -2 ), the contents of Ca, Mg, and Fe first increased and then decreased with the increase in the concentration of zinc sulfate heptahydrate. At high concentrations of sodium selenite (6.6 kg·hm -2 , 9.9 kg·hm -2 ), the contents of Ca, Mg, and Fe first decreased and then increased with the increase in the concentration of zinc sulfate heptahydrate; the content of Zn showed a continuous upward trend with the increase in the concentration of zinc sulfate heptahydrate at low concentrations of sodium selenite (0 kg·hm -2 , 3.3 kg·hm -2 ), and at high concentrations (6.6 kg·hm -2 , 9.9 kg·hm -2), showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of zinc sulfate heptahydrate concentration; the Se content is at a low concentration of sodium selenite (0 kg·hm -2 、3.3 kg·hm -2 ), showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of zinc sulfate heptahydrate concentration, and at a high concentration (6.6 kg·hm -2 、9.9 kg·hm -2 ), showing a continuous decreasing trend with the increase of zinc sulfate heptahydrate concentration. Under the condition of combined application of sodium selenite and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, the maximum increase amplitudes of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Se contents are 103.93%, 19.92%, 172.08%, 131.29% and 418.89% respectively.

[0053] Under the condition of combined application of nano-selenium and zinc sulfate heptahydrate: the Ca content, Mg content, Fe content, Se content are at a low concentration of nano-selenium (0 kg·hm -2 、3.3 kg·hm -2 ), showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of zinc sulfate heptahydrate concentration, and at a high concentration (6.6 kg·hm -2 、9.9 kg·hm -2 ), showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of zinc sulfate heptahydrate concentration; the Zn content is at a low concentration of nano-selenium (0 kg·hm -2 、3.3 kg·hm -2 ), showing a continuous increasing trend with the increase of zinc sulfate heptahydrate concentration, and at a high concentration (6.6 kg·hm -2 、9.9 kg·hm -2 ), showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of zinc sulfate heptahydrate concentration. Under the condition of combined application of nano-selenium and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, the maximum increase amplitudes of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Se contents are 144.36%, 2.36%, 166.55%, 131.06% and 835.20% respectively. The above results show that the grain element contents under most treatments are significantly higher than those of CK, and the combined application of selenium and zinc fertilizers at appropriate concentrations is beneficial to improving the grain element contents of Xihei 88.

[0054] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and retouches can still be made, and these improvements and retouches should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for combined application of selenium and zinc fertilizers for colored wheat, characterized in that, The method for combined application of the selenium-zinc fertilizer is as follows: 0 < nano-selenium ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 0 ≤ zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm -2 ; or 0 < sodium selenite ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 0 ≤ zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm -2 ; or 0 ≤ nano-selenium ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 0 < zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm -2 ; or 0 ≤ sodium selenite ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 0 < zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm -2 .

2. The method for combined application of selenium and zinc fertilizers for a kind of colored wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for combined application of the described selenium-zinc fertilizer is as follows: 3.3 kg·hm -2 ≤ nano - selenium ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 22 kg·hm -2 ≤ zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm -2 ; or 3.3 kg·hm -2 ≤ Sodium selenite ≤ 9.9 kg·hm -2 and 22 kg·hm -2 ≤ Zinc sulfate heptahydrate ≤ 44 kg·hm -2 .

3. A method for combined application of selenium and zinc fertilizers for colored wheat according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for combined application of the described selenium-zinc fertilizer is as follows: 3.3 kg·hm -2 nano-selenium and 22 kg·hm -2 zinc sulfate heptahydrate; or 6.6 kg·hm -2 sodium selenite and 22 kg·hm -2 zinc sulfate heptahydrate.

4. The method for combined application of selenium and zinc fertilizers for a colored wheat according to claim 3, characterized in that The application method of the selenium-zinc fertilizer is foliar spraying.

5. The method for combined application of selenium and zinc fertilizers for colored wheat according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spraying time of the selenium-zinc fertilizer is 3 to 10 days after wheat flowering, and it is sprayed 3 times in total.

6. The method for combined application of selenium and zinc fertilizers for colored wheat according to claim 5, characterized in that, While using the selenium-zinc fertilizer, it also includes applying a ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the nutrient content of the ternary compound fertilizer is: 20% ≤ N ≤ 25%, 12% ≤ P ≤ 15%, 5% ≤ K ≤ 8%; the application rate of the ternary compound fertilizer is 720 - 780 kg·hm -2 .

7. The method for combined application of selenium and zinc fertilizers for a colored wheat according to claim 6, characterized in that, The colored wheat variety is Xihei 88.

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