Modularized agricultural field experiment planting and culturing system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of experimental planting and cultivation, and discloses a modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system which comprises a plurality of groups of cultivation frames spliced with one another, and a support assembly is in meshed connection with the inner wall of a planting cultivation box through a gear meshing assembly; the driving power unit drives the planting cultivation box to adjust the vertical position through the gear meshing assembly, meanwhile, the gear meshing assembly further conducts aeration oxygenation and stirring on the water and fertilizer box fixed to the inner wall of the planting cultivation box, and a water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the water and fertilizer box is injected into the planting cultivation box. By adjusting the height of the planting incubator, the relative positions of plants, a light source, a heat source and field airflow can be accurately controlled, and the plant growth requirements are accurately met. Meanwhile, stirring of a water and fertilizer nutrient solution can be achieved, air can be introduced into the water and fertilizer box, aeration and oxygenation of the water and fertilizer box are achieved, fertilization of soil in the planting incubator is achieved, and it is ensured that soil nutrients are sufficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of experimental planting and cultivation, and in particular to a modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agricultural field experiments, accurate and efficient planting and cultivation are crucial to promoting the progress of agricultural scientific research. However, the existing planting and cultivation systems have many drawbacks and cannot meet the needs of modern agricultural scientific research.

[0003] During the growth process of plants, different types of plants and different growth stages of the same plant have significantly different requirements for environmental factors such as light, temperature, and humidity. For example, some sun-loving plants need strong light during the seedling stage to promote photosynthesis and cultivate strong seedlings, but the existing fixed-height planting facilities cannot flexibly adjust the relative position of the plant and the light source, making it difficult to meet such requirements, which in turn affects plant growth and development.

[0004] In terms of field management operations, traditional planting and cultivation systems also have obvious defects. When conducting frequent agricultural activities such as watering, fertilizing, and pest control, operators need to spend a lot of time and energy moving between different planting areas. In addition, because the planting facilities are highly fixed, when performing management operations on high or low plants, they often need to use additional climbing tools or bend over excessively. This is not only labor-intensive and inefficient, but may also lead to poor management results due to inconvenient operations. For example, in fertilization operations, it is difficult to ensure that the fertilizer is evenly applied to the roots of each plant, which affects the utilization rate of the fertilizer. To this end, we have launched a modular agricultural field test planting and cultivation system. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a modular agricultural field test planting and cultivation system to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A modular agricultural field test planting and cultivation system, comprising a plurality of mutually connected cultivation racks, wherein the cultivation racks are symmetrically and slidably connected with planting cultivation boxes on both sides thereof, and a support assembly is centrally arranged inside the cultivation racks, and the support assembly is meshed and connected with the inner wall of the planting cultivation box by a gear meshing assembly;

[0008] A driving power unit is fixed to the middle part of the upper end of the planting culture box through a cross frame. The driving power unit drives the planting culture box to adjust the upper and lower positions through a gear meshing assembly. At the same time, the gear meshing assembly also aerates, oxygenates and stirs the water and fertilizer tank fixed on the inner wall of the planting culture box, and injects the water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the water and fertilizer tank into the planting culture box.

[0009] Preferably, sliding bumps are provided in the middle of the front and rear sides of the planting incubator. The sliding bumps are slidably connected to the sliding grooves on the inner wall of the cultivation rack, and limiting bumps are provided on the tops of the sliding bumps.

[0010] Preferably, the bracket assembly includes a limiting cylinder fixed by two groups of connecting plates in the front and rear on the side of the cultivation rack, vertical through grooves symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the limiting cylinder, and connecting ear plates symmetrically fixed on the front and rear outer walls of the vertical through grooves.

[0011] Preferably, the gear meshing assembly includes a rotating cylinder movably connected between two groups of connecting ear plates by a pin shaft, a cylinder fixed to the inner side end of the rotating cylinder by an inner arm, an arc-shaped external tooth seat fixed to the outer side end of the rotating cylinder by a plurality of groups of outer arms, rotating shafts movably connected inside the cultivation rack and symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the bracket assembly, a middle gear fixed in the middle of the rotating shaft, and side gears symmetrically fixed on the front and rear sides of the middle gear on the rotating shaft;

[0012] The arc-shaped external tooth seat meshes with the corresponding middle gear, and the side gear meshes with the rack fixed on the inner wall of the planting incubator.

[0013] Preferably, the driving power unit includes an electric cylinder fixed in the middle of the upper end of the cross frame, a piston rod connected to the bottom output end of the electric cylinder, and an I-shaped disc fixed to the bottom of the piston rod after passing through the cross frame.

[0014] The I-shaped disc is inserted into the limiting cylinder, and the cylinder is stuck in the annular groove on the side of the I-shaped disc.

[0015] Preferably, the outer diameter of the arc-shaped external tooth seat is larger than the outer diameter of the middle gear, and the outer diameter of the side gear is larger than the outer diameter of the middle gear.

[0016] Preferably, a control display screen is fixed on the side of the cross frame. The control display screen is internally provided with a PLC, and the PLC is electrically connected to the electric cylinder.

[0017] Preferably, air collecting fan blades are fixed to both ends of the rotating shaft in sequence after passing through the water and fertilizer tank and the cultivation rack. The air collecting fan blades are located inside an air collecting cover outside the cultivation rack. An air inlet groove is provided at the outer side end of the air collecting cover. The upper part of the inner side end of the air collecting cover is connected to the top of the water and fertilizer tank by a guide pipe. The water and fertilizer tank is connected to a daily-shaped pipe inside the planting incubator by a hose. Spray outlets are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the daily-shaped pipe. Drainage holes are evenly distributed at the bottom of the planting incubator.

[0018] Preferably, a rubber plate is fixed to the surface of the rotating shaft by a connecting arm. The connecting arm and the rubber plate are both located inside the water and fertilizer tank.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By adjusting the height of the planting incubator, the present invention can accurately control the relative positions of plants with respect to the light source, heat source, and field air flow, and accurately adapt to the growth requirements of plants. At the same time, it can stir the water and fertilizer nutrient solution, introduce air into the water and fertilizer tank, achieve aeration and oxygenation of the water and fertilizer tank, prevent the water and fertilizer nutrient solution from emitting an odor due to lack of oxygen, and fertilize the soil inside the planting incubator to ensure sufficient soil nutrition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the planting incubator of the present invention after the height is increased;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of the water and fertilizer tank, the support assembly, and the cultivation rack of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of the I-shaped disc and the cylinder of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of the middle gear, the side gear, and the rotating shaft of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the connection of the I-shaped disc, the cylinder, the arc-shaped outer tooth seat, and the middle gear of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 1 The cross-sectional structural schematic diagram;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the planting incubator of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the planting incubator of the present invention after the height is decreased;

[0028] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 The cross-sectional structural schematic diagram;

[0029] Figure 10 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the whole of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1, culture rack; 101, chute; 2, universal mobile wheel; 3, planting culture box; 31, sliding convex block; 32, figure-eight-shaped pipe; 33, spray outlet; 34, limiting convex block; 35, liquid drainage hole; 4, cross frame; 5, electric cylinder; 6, air collecting hood; 61, air inlet groove; 62, air duct; 7, water and fertilizer tank; 71, hose; 72, injection pipe; 8, rack; 9, control display screen; 10, connecting plate; 11, limiting cylinder; 110, vertical through groove; 111, connecting ear plate; 12, I-shaped disc; 13, piston rod; 14, cylinder; 15, circular arc external tooth seat; 16, rotating cylinder; 17, pin shaft; 18, outer arm; 19, inner arm; 20, middle gear; 21, side gear; 22, rotating shaft; 23, connecting arm; 24, rubber plate; 25, air collecting fan blade. Detailed implementation mode

[0031] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] Embodiment:

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 - 10 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0034] A modular agricultural field test planting and cultivation system includes several groups of spliced culture racks 1. The culture racks 1 are made of high-strength aluminum alloy materials, and their frame structures are carefully designed. All splicing parts are fixed by a combination of mortise and tenon and bolts. This splicing method is not only convenient for installation, but also can greatly enhance the overall stability of the culture rack compared with a single connection method, making it not easy to deform or shake when carrying the planting culture box 3 and other equipment.

[0035] The bottom of the culture rack 1 is provided with universal mobile wheels 2 to realize the transfer and movement of the culture rack 1;

[0036] The universal mobile wheels 2 at the bottom of the culture rack 1 are selected as rubber wheels with high load-bearing capacity, wear resistance and a braking function. The braking device is designed in a pedal-operated manner, which is easy to operate. When it is necessary to transfer the culture rack 1, release the brake, and the universal mobile wheels 2 can rotate flexibly by 360 degrees to easily change the moving direction of the culture rack; after reaching the designated position, step on the brake to firmly fix the culture rack in place to prevent it from moving accidentally.

[0037] On both sides inside the cultivation rack 1, there are symmetrically sliding-connected planting cultivation boxes 3. The planting cultivation boxes 3 are made of double-layer heat-insulating plastic material. The inner layer is food-grade plastic to ensure no pollution to the growth environment of crops; the outer layer is a heat-insulating layer, which can effectively reduce the influence of the external temperature on the soil and the growth environment of crops inside the box.

[0038] On the front and back sides of the planting cultivation box 3, there are centrally arranged sliding convex blocks 31. The sliding convex blocks 31 are slidably connected in the sliding grooves 101 on the inner wall of the cultivation rack 1, and there are limiting convex blocks 34 on the top of the sliding convex blocks 31. Such a setting can ensure that the planting cultivation box 3 is always in a vertical state when moving up and down relative to the cultivation rack 1 to adjust the position.

[0039] In the middle inside the cultivation rack 1, there is a bracket assembly. The bracket assembly includes a limiting cylinder 11 fixed by two groups of front and rear connecting plates 10 on the side of the cultivation rack 1, vertically arranged through grooves 110 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the limiting cylinder 11, and connecting ear plates 111 symmetrically fixed on the front and back of the outer wall of the vertically arranged through grooves 110. Among them, the connecting plates 10, the limiting cylinder 11, and the connecting ear plates 111 are integrally formed. The outer ends of the connecting plates 10 are welded or fixed with bolts on the inner wall of the cultivation rack 1, which can further strengthen the structural strength of the cultivation rack 1.

[0040] The connecting plates 10, the limiting cylinder 11, and the connecting ear plates 111 of the bracket assembly are made of integrally formed high-strength engineering plastics. This material not only ensures the structural strength but also has good corrosion resistance, and is suitable for the complex environment in agricultural fields. For the connection between the outer ends of the connecting plates 10 and the inner wall of the cultivation rack 1, in addition to welding and bolt fixing methods, high-strength sealant is also applied at the connection to further enhance the sealing and firmness of the connection, prevent rust or looseness of the connection part due to water erosion, and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0041] The bracket assembly is meshed and connected with the inner wall of the planting cultivation box 3 by a gear meshing assembly;

[0042] The gear meshing assembly includes a rotating cylinder 16 movably connected between two groups of front and rear connecting ear plates 111 by a pin shaft 17, a cylinder 14 fixed to the inner end of the rotating cylinder 16 by an inner arm 19, an arc-shaped outer tooth seat 15 fixed to the outer end of the rotating cylinder 16 by several groups of outer arms 18, rotating shafts 22 symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the bracket assembly and movably connected inside the cultivation rack 1, a middle gear 20 centrally fixed on the rotating shafts 22, and side gears 21 symmetrically fixed on the front and back of the middle gear 20 on the rotating shafts 22;

[0043] The arc-shaped outer tooth seat 15 is meshed with the corresponding middle gear 20, and the side gears 21 are meshed with the racks 8 fixed on the inner wall of the planting cultivation box 3.

[0044] In the middle of the upper end of the planting incubator 3, a driving power unit is fixed through a cross frame 4. The driving power unit includes an electric cylinder 5 fixed in the middle of the upper end of the cross frame 4, a piston rod 13 connected to the bottom output end of the electric cylinder 5, and an I-shaped disc 12 fixed at the bottom of the piston rod 13 after passing through the cross frame 4;

[0045] The I-shaped disc 12 is inserted into the inside of the limiting cylinder 11. In this way, under the limiting effect of the limiting cylinder 11 on the I-shaped disc 12, it can be ensured that the I-shaped disc 12 moves vertically up and down.

[0046] And the cylinder 14 is stuck in the annular groove on the side of the I-shaped disc 12. With such a setting, when the electric cylinder 5 drives the I-shaped disc 12 to move up and down through the piston rod 13, the cylinder 14 is always stuck in the annular groove on the side of the I-shaped disc 12. To realize the rotation of the arc-shaped external tooth seat 15, the rotating cylinder 16, the outer arm 18, the inner arm 19 and the cylinder 14 as a whole with the pin shaft 17 as the center;

[0047] A high-precision ball bearing is used to connect between the rotating cylinder 16 and the pin shaft 17. This connection method can effectively reduce the friction force when the rotating cylinder 16 rotates, so that the rotating cylinder 16 can rotate more smoothly and efficiently under the drive of the I-shaped disc 12, improving the transmission efficiency of the entire gear meshing assembly.

[0048] The arc-shaped external tooth seat 15 is made of special alloy steel and its surface is subjected to carburizing and quenching treatment, so that its tooth surface has high hardness and good wear resistance. When meshing with the middle gear 20, it can bear a large torque, ensuring the stability and reliability of the transmission.

[0049] The middle gear 20 and the side gear 21 can also adopt a helical tooth design. Compared with straight teeth, the meshing method of helical teeth can make the gear more stable during transmission, reduce impact and noise, and at the same time increase the bearing capacity of the gear, ensuring the stability of the planting incubator 3 during the up and down movement.

[0050] When the electric cylinder 5 drives the I-shaped disc 12 to move upward through the piston rod 13, the arc-shaped external tooth seat 15, the rotating cylinder 16, the outer arm 18, the inner arm 19 and the cylinder 14 as a whole rotate with the pin shaft 17 as the center, so that the arc-shaped external tooth seat 15 rotates downward. The arc-shaped external tooth seat 15 drives the rotating shaft 22 and the side gear 21 on the rotating shaft 22 to rotate through the middle gear 20. Through the meshing of the side gear 21 and the rack 8, the upward movement of the planting incubator 3 is realized (as Figure 1 and 6 shown);

[0051] The electric cylinder 5 drives the I-shaped disc 12 to move downward through the piston rod 13, and the arc-shaped outer tooth seat 15, the rotating drum 16, the outer arm 18, the inner arm 19 and the cylinder 14 rotate as a whole with the pin 17 as the center of the circle, so that the arc-shaped outer tooth seat 15 rotates upward, and the arc-shaped outer tooth seat 15 drives the rotating shaft 22 and the side gear 21 on the rotating shaft 22 to rotate through the middle gear 20, and the side gear 21 and the rack 8 are engaged to realize the downward movement of the planting culture box 3 (such as Figure 8 and 9 shown).

[0052] The electric cylinder 5 uses a high-precision, high-thrust servo electric cylinder, which uses an advanced encoder feedback system inside, and can accurately control the extension and retraction length of the piston rod 13, with a control accuracy of ±0.1mm. This makes the position adjustment of the planting and cultivation box 3 more precise, meeting the precise height requirements of different crops at different growth stages.

[0053] Precisely adapt to plant growth needs: Different types of plants have different needs for environmental factors such as light, temperature, and humidity at different stages of growth. By flexibly adjusting the height of the planting incubator 3, the relative position of the plant and the light source, heat source, and field airflow can be accurately controlled. For example, during the seedling stage of the plant, the planting incubator is raised to bring the seedlings closer to the fill light to meet their needs for stronger light, promote photosynthesis, and cultivate strong seedlings; as the plants grow, the height of the planting incubator is lowered to keep the plants in a suitable temperature and humidity range to avoid the impact of environmental factors on growth and development.

[0054] Optimize field management operations: During agricultural field trials, watering, fertilization, pest control and other operations are required frequently. The height-adjustable planting incubator 3 greatly facilitates these farming activities. For example, when fertilizing, the planting incubator is adjusted to a suitable height, and the operator can easily complete the fertilization operation without excessive bending or using additional climbing tools, which improves work efficiency and reduces labor intensity; when spraying pests and diseases, the height of the planting incubator is reasonably adjusted to ensure that the spray evenly covers the plants and ensures the prevention and control effect.

[0055] Improve the accuracy of test data: Agricultural field tests are designed to obtain accurate plant growth data to evaluate the impact of different planting conditions on plants. The height adjustability of the planting incubator 3 helps maintain the consistency of test conditions. For example, in a test comparing the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth, all planting incubators are adjusted to the same height so that the environmental factors such as light and temperature of the plants in each test group are consistent, eliminating environmental interference caused by height differences, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test data and providing solid data support for scientific research.

[0056] The I-shaped disc 12 is connected to the piston rod 13 by high-strength threaded connections, and a locknut and a stop washer are installed at the connection to ensure that during long-term use, the I-shaped disc 12 will not loosen and separate from the piston rod 13 due to vibration or frequent movement, guaranteeing the stable operation of the drive power unit.

[0057] The outer diameter of the arc-shaped external tooth seat 15 is larger than the outer diameter of the middle gear 20. In this way, when the arc-shaped external tooth seat 15 rotates, it can drive the rotating shaft 22, the air collecting fan blades 25 on the rotating shaft 22, as well as the connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24 to rotate rapidly through the middle gear 20.

[0058] The connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24 rotate rapidly inside the water and fertilizer tank 7, which can ensure sufficient stirring of the water and fertilizer nutrient solution inside the water and fertilizer tank 7.

[0059] The air collecting fan blades 25 rotate rapidly inside the air collecting hood 6, which can inhale the outside air into the air collecting hood 6 through the air inlet groove 61, and introduce the air inside the air collecting hood 6 into the water and fertilizer tank 7 through the air duct 62. When the connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24 stir the water and fertilizer nutrient solution inside the water and fertilizer tank 7, it can improve the rapid mixing of the oxygen in the air and the water and fertilizer nutrient solution to achieve aeration and oxygenation of the water and fertilizer nutrient solution, preventing the water and fertilizer nutrient solution from lacking oxygen and emitting an odor.

[0060] The outer diameter of the side gear 21 is larger than the outer diameter of the middle gear 20. Such a setting enables the rotating shaft 22 to achieve appropriate speed during the up and down movement of the planting and cultivation box 3 through the meshing of the side gear 21 and the rack 8, neither too fast nor too slow.

[0061] A control display screen 9 is fixed on the side of the cross frame 4. The control display screen 9 is internally provided with a PLC, and the PLC is electrically connected to the electric cylinder 5 to control the operation of the electric cylinder 5.

[0062] Inside the planting and cultivation box 3, there are also a soil oxygen content sensor, a soil water content sensor, a soil temperature sensor, etc., which are respectively electrically connected to the PLC and used to display the detection data through the control display screen 9.

[0063] The soil oxygen content sensor, which adopts the electrochemical principle, is installed at different depths of the soil inside the planting and cultivation box 3 to detect the oxygen content in the soil in real time and transmit the detection data to the control display screen 9 for display.

[0064] The soil water content sensor, using capacitive induction technology, is distributed in the soil layer at the bottom and around the planting and cultivation box 3, and can accurately measure the water content of the soil and transmit the detection data to the control display screen 9 for display.

[0065] The soil temperature sensor, a thermistor sensor, is evenly buried in the soil inside the planting incubator 3, capable of real-time monitoring of the soil temperature. The detected data is transmitted to the control display screen 9 for display.

[0066] The water and fertilizer tank 7 is made of food-grade stainless steel, with good corrosion resistance and hygienic performance. It is internally equipped with a liquid level sensor, which is connected to the PLC in the control display screen 9 to real-time monitor the liquid level height inside the water and fertilizer tank 7. When the liquid level is lower than the set value, the PLC can send an alarm through the control display screen 9 to remind the operator to add water and fertilizer nutrient solution in a timely manner. The injection pipe 72 adopts a quick-insert connection method, which is convenient for the operator to quickly connect and disassemble for the addition operation of the nutrient solution. A filter screen is also set at the pipe orifice of the injection pipe 72 to prevent impurities from entering the water and fertilizer tank 7 and affecting the growth of crops. A sealing plug is also provided at the top of the injection pipe 72.

[0067] The driving power unit drives the planting incubator 3 to adjust its vertical position through a gear meshing assembly. At the same time, the gear meshing assembly also aerates and stirs the water and fertilizer tank 7 fixed on the inner wall of the planting incubator 3, and injects the water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the water and fertilizer tank 7 into the planting incubator 3.

[0068] Both ends of the rotating shaft 22 sequentially penetrate through the water and fertilizer tank 7 and the cultivation rack 1 and are fixed with an air collecting fan blade 25. The air collecting fan blade 25 is located inside the air collecting hood 6 outside the cultivation rack 1. An air inlet groove 61 is provided at the outer end of the air collecting hood 6, and the upper part of the inner end of the air collecting hood 6 is connected to the top of the water and fertilizer tank 7 by an air guide pipe 62;

[0069] The water and fertilizer tank 7 is connected to the "day" - shaped pipe 32 inside the planting incubator 3 by a hose 71. Spray outlets 33 are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the "day" - shaped pipe 32;

[0070] The "day" - shaped pipe 32 is made of corrosion - resistant PVC material, and its wall thickness is optimized. It can not only ensure that it does not burst under the internal pressure of the water and fertilizer tank 7, but also ensure that the water flow and fertilizer spraying from the spray outlets 33 are uniform.

[0071] After the air in the air collecting hood 6 is introduced into the interior of the water and fertilizer tank 7 through the air guide pipe 62, pressurization of the water and fertilizer tank 7 is achieved. Thus, under the action of the internal air pressure of the water and fertilizer tank 7, the water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the water and fertilizer tank 7 can be pressed into the "day" - shaped pipe 32 through the hose 71, and finally flow out through the spray outlets 33 into the planting incubator 3. While fertilizing the soil inside the planting incubator 3, air is also filled to ensure the oxygen content in the soil.

[0072] Drain holes 35 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the planting incubator 3. Through the setting of the drain holes 35, the excess water and fertilizer nutrient solution can be discharged.

[0073] In the middle of the top of the water and fertilizer tank 7, there is an injection pipe 72, through which the water and fertilizer nutrient solution is injected into the water and fertilizer tank 7;

[0074] On the surface of the rotating shaft 22, a rubber plate 24 is fixed by a connecting arm 23, and both the connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24 are located inside the water and fertilizer tank 7. When the rotating shaft 22 rotates, it will stir the water and fertilizer nutrient solution through the connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24, and the rubber plate 24 can further closely adhere to the inner wall of the water and fertilizer tank 7 to scrape up the nutrients deposited on the inner wall of the water and fertilizer tank 7 while realizing the stirring of the water and fertilizer nutrient solution.

[0075] Specifically, during use, the operator sends instructions to the PLC through the control display screen 9, and the PLC controls the electric cylinder 5 to work.

[0076] When the piston rod 13 of the electric cylinder 5 extends upward, it drives the I-shaped disc 12 to move upward. Since the cylinder 14 is stuck in the annular groove on the side of the I-shaped disc 12, the upward movement of the I-shaped disc 12 will cause the cylinder 14 to push the rotating cylinder 16 to rotate around the pin shaft 17, and then drive the arc-shaped external tooth seat 15 to rotate downward.

[0077] The arc-shaped external tooth seat 15 meshes with the middle gear 20. The rotation of the arc-shaped external tooth seat 15 drives the rotating shaft 22 to rotate through the middle gear 20. The side gear 21 on the rotating shaft 22 meshes with the rack 8 on the inner wall of the planting and cultivation box 3, so as to realize the upward movement of the planting and cultivation box 3.

[0078] Conversely, when the piston rod 13 of the electric cylinder 5 retracts downward, it drives the I-shaped disc 12 to move downward, causing the arc-shaped external tooth seat 15 to rotate upward, and through the transmission of the middle gear 20 and the side gear 21, the downward movement of the planting and cultivation box 3 is realized.

[0079] Since the outer diameter of the arc-shaped external tooth seat 15 is larger than the outer diameter of the middle gear 20, and the outer diameter of the side gear 21 is larger than the outer diameter of the middle gear 20, this design of the gear diameter makes the planting and cultivation box 3 move up and down at a moderate speed, neither too fast to make the operation difficult to control nor too slow to affect the work efficiency.

[0080] During the process of the arc-shaped external tooth seat 15 rotating to drive the middle gear 20 and the rotating shaft 22 to rotate, the air collecting fan blades 25 at both ends of the rotating shaft 22, the connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24 also rotate rapidly.

[0081] The air collecting fan blades 25 rotate inside the air collecting cover 6, inhale the outside air into the air collecting cover 6 through the air inlet groove 61, and then introduce the air into the water and fertilizer tank 7 through the air guide pipe 62 to realize the aeration and oxygenation of the water and fertilizer tank 7, and prevent the water and fertilizer nutrient solution from emitting an odor due to lack of oxygen.

[0082] Meanwhile, the connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24 rotate rapidly inside the water and fertilizer tank 7. The rubber plate 24 clings to the inner wall of the water and fertilizer tank 7, which can not only fully stir the water and fertilizer nutrient solution to evenly mix the fertilizer, but also scrape up the nutrients deposited on the inner wall of the water and fertilizer tank 7, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.

[0083] When the air pressure in the water and fertilizer tank 7 rises under the action of the air introduced by the air collecting fan blade 25, under the action of the pressure difference, the water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the water and fertilizer tank 7 is pressed into the "day"-shaped pipeline 32 through the hose 71. The spray outlets 33 at the upper and lower ends of the "day"-shaped pipeline 32 evenly spray the water and fertilizer nutrient solution onto the soil in the planting and cultivation box 3, realizing fertilization of the crops. At the same time, the water and fertilizer nutrient solution sprayed out by the spray outlets 33 also carries air, further increasing the oxygen content in the soil and providing a more favorable environment for the growth of the crops.

[0084] Principle of soil parameter detection: The soil oxygen content sensor adopts the electrochemical principle and is installed at different depth positions of the soil in the planting and cultivation box 3, which can detect the oxygen content in the soil in real time and transmit the detected data to the control display screen 9 for display. The soil water content sensor uses the capacitive induction technology and is distributed in the soil layers at the bottom and around the planting and cultivation box 3 to accurately measure the water content of the soil and transmit the data to the control display screen 9. The soil temperature sensor selects the thermistor sensor and is evenly buried in the soil in the planting and cultivation box 3 to monitor the soil temperature in real time, and the detected data is also transmitted to the control display screen 9. The operator can adjust operations such as irrigation and fertilization through the PLC according to the soil parameters displayed on the control display screen 9 to meet the requirements of the soil environment for different growth stages of the crops.

[0085] The drain holes 35 evenly distributed at the bottom of the planting and cultivation box 3 are used to drain the excess water and fertilizer nutrient solution. When there is too much water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the box during irrigation or fertilization, the excess nutrient solution will be discharged through the drain holes 35 to prevent the soil from being affected by excessive moisture or fertilizer, which may affect the growth of the crops. The aperture of the drain holes 35 is reasonably designed to ensure the smooth discharge of the excess nutrient solution while preventing the loss of soil particles.

[0086] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular agricultural field test planting and cultivation system, comprising a number of groups of cultivation racks spliced with each other, characterized in that: On both sides of the interior of the cultivation rack, there are symmetrically sliding-connected planting cultivation boxes. In the middle of the interior of the cultivation rack, there is a support assembly, and the support assembly is meshed and connected to the inner wall of the planting cultivation box by a gear meshing assembly; In the middle of the upper end of the planting cultivation box, there is a driving power unit fixed by a cross frame. The driving power unit drives the planting cultivation box to adjust its vertical position through a gear meshing assembly. At the same time, the gear meshing assembly also aerates and stirs the water and fertilizer tank fixed on the inner wall of the planting cultivation box, and injects the water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the water and fertilizer tank into the planting cultivation box.

2. The modular agricultural field trial planting and cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein: In the middle of the front and back sides of the planting cultivation box, there are sliding bumps, and the sliding bumps are slidably connected to the sliding grooves on the inner wall of the cultivation rack, and there are limiting bumps on the tops of the sliding bumps.

3. The modular agricultural field test planting and cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support assembly includes a limiting cylinder fixed by two sets of front and rear connecting plates on the side of the cultivation rack, vertical through grooves symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the limiting cylinder, and connecting ear plates symmetrically fixed on the front and back of the outer wall of the vertical through grooves.

4. The modular agricultural field test planting and cultivation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gear meshing assembly includes a rotating cylinder movably connected between two sets of front and rear connecting ear plates by a pin shaft, a cylinder fixed by an inner arm at the inner end of the rotating cylinder, an arc-shaped external tooth seat fixed by several sets of outer arms at the outer end of the rotating cylinder, rotating shafts symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the support assembly and movably connected inside the cultivation rack, a middle gear fixed in the middle of the rotating shaft, and side gears symmetrically fixed on the front and back of the middle gear on the rotating shaft; The arc-shaped external tooth seat meshes with the corresponding middle gear, and the side gear meshes with the rack fixed on the inner wall of the planting cultivation box.

5. A modular agricultural field test planting and cultivation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving power unit includes an electric cylinder fixed in the middle of the upper end of the cross frame, a piston rod connected to the output end at the bottom of the electric cylinder, and an I-shaped disc fixed at the bottom of the piston rod after passing through the cross frame; The I-shaped disc is inserted into the limiting cylinder, and the cylinder is stuck in the annular groove on the side of the I-shaped disc.

6. The modular agricultural field test planting and cultivation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the arc-shaped external tooth seat is larger than the outer diameter of the middle gear, and the outer diameter of the side gear is larger than the outer diameter of the middle gear.

7. A modular agricultural field test planting and cultivation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A control display screen is fixed on the side of the cross frame. The control display screen is internally provided with a PLC, and the PLC is electrically connected to the electric cylinder.

8. A modular agricultural field test planting and cultivation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both ends of the rotating shaft sequentially pass through the water and fertilizer tank and the cultivation rack and are fixed with air collecting fan blades. The air collecting fan blades are located inside an air collecting cover outside the cultivation rack. There is an air inlet groove at the outer end of the air collecting cover. The upper part of the inner end of the air collecting cover is connected to the top of the water and fertilizer tank by a guide pipe. The water and fertilizer tank is connected to a daily-shaped pipe inside the planting cultivation box by a hose. There are spray outlets at both the upper and lower ends of the daily-shaped pipe, and drain holes are evenly distributed at the bottom of the planting cultivation box.

9. A modular agricultural field trial planting and cultivation system according to claim 8, characterized in that: A rubber plate is fixed on the surface of the rotating shaft by a connecting arm, and both the connecting arm and the rubber plate are located inside the water and fertilizer tank.

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