Method for improving germination rate and transplanting survival rate of cassava hybrid seeds

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cassava planting, and discloses a method for improving the germination rate and transplanting survival rate of cassava hybrid seeds, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, soaking the cassava hybrid seeds in a potassium permanganate solution, and then soaking in a glucose solution; s2, weighing the garden soil, the fine sand and the fermented sugarcane filter mud in proportion; s3, sowing the pretreated seeds on a seedling culture substrate; s4, placing the seedling raising tray in an environment with the temperature of 25-30 DEG C, the humidity of 70%-80% and the illumination intensity of 3000-5000 lux for accelerating germination, and when the germination rate reaches 80%, moving the seedling raising tray out for transplanting; s5, the roots of the seedlings are soaked in a rooting powder solution, then the seedlings are transplanted into a field or a nutrition bowl prepared in advance, and a sunshade net is used for sunshade treatment 3 days before transplanting. The problems that existing cassava hybrid seeds are low in germination rate and low in seedling transplanting survival rate are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cassava cultivation, and specifically provides a method for improving the germination rate of cassava hybrid seeds and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important tropical and subtropical cash crop, which is drought-tolerant and adaptable to barren soils, and can grow under adverse environmental conditions, making it a major food source in many arid and semi-arid regions. Cassava has the characteristics of being easy to grow and can be harvested throughout the year, further enhancing its economic value. Cassava tubers are rich in carbohydrates and are an important source of energy. In addition to providing calories, cassava also contains vitamin C, potassium, calcium and other trace elements, and a balanced diet can be formed by appropriately combining with other foods. The application of cassava is not limited to the food industry, but is also widely used in feed and industrial raw materials, and its cross-breeding is of great significance for the selection of excellent varieties.

[0003] However, cassava hybrid seeds have problems such as low germination rate, long germination period, and low survival rate of transplanted seedlings, which seriously restrict the efficiency and popularization of cassava cross-breeding. In the existing technology, although there are some methods to improve the germination rate of cassava seeds and the survival rate of seedlings, the effects are limited and the operations are complex. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study an efficient and simple method to improve the germination rate of cassava hybrid seeds and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method for improving the germination rate of cassava hybrid seeds and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings, and solves the problems of low germination rate of existing cassava hybrid seeds and low survival rate of transplanted seedlings.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for improving the germination rate of cassava hybrid seeds and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Seed pretreatment: Soak the cassava hybrid seeds in a potassium permanganate solution, then rinse them thoroughly with clean water, and place the disinfected seeds in a glucose solution for soaking and then take them out for standby;

[0008] S2. Prepare the seedling-raising substrate: Weigh garden soil, fine sand, and fermented sugarcane filter mud in proportion, mix them evenly and place them in a seedling-raising tray;

[0009] S3. Sowing: Evenly scatter the pretreated seeds on the pre-prepared seedling-raising substrate, cover a layer of fine sand, and then spray clean water with a sprayer to keep the substrate moist;

[0010] S4. Germination Induction: Place the seedling tray in an environment with a temperature of 25 - 30 °C, a humidity of 70% - 80%, and a light intensity of 3000 - 5000 lux for germination acceleration. When the germination rate of the seeds reaches over 80%, remove the seedling tray and continue cultivation for transplanting.

[0011] S5. Seedling Transplanting: Dig out the seedlings together with the substrate, soak the roots of the seedlings in a rooting powder solution to promote root growth; then transplant the seedlings into the pre-prepared field or nutrient pots, and pour sufficient root-fixing water; among them, in the first 3 days after transplantation, shade treatment is carried out with a sunshade net, and the soil is kept moist.

[0012] Furthermore, in S1, the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.5% - 1.5%, and the soaking time is 10 - 20 minutes; the mass concentration of the glucose solution is 5% - 10%, and the soaking time is 24 hours.

[0013] Furthermore, in S1, after soaking the disinfected seeds in the glucose solution, soak the seeds in constant-temperature water at 30 - 35 °C for 8 - 12 hours.

[0014] Furthermore, in S2, the seedling substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 - 60 parts of garden soil, 20 - 30 parts of fine sand, and 10 - 20 parts of fermented sugarcane filter mud.

[0015] Furthermore, in S5, the mass concentration of the rooting powder solution is 0.1% - 0.3%, and the soaking time is 10 - 15 minutes.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solution are:

[0017] The method of the present invention can significantly improve the germination rate of cassava hybrid seeds and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings, thereby improving the efficiency and success rate of cassava hybrid breeding. During the cassava planting process, it can reduce seed waste, lower planting costs, and increase the yield and quality of cassava. Specifically, the germination rate of cassava hybrid seeds treated by the method of the present invention is increased from about 35% by the traditional method to over 88%, and the survival rate of cassava seedlings is increased from about 70% by the traditional method to over 96%. In addition, after soaking in a constant temperature water of 30 - 35°C for 8 - 12 hours to break dormancy, the germination time is shortened to 8 - 9 days. Specifically, the method of the present invention pre-treats cassava hybrid seeds with a potassium permanganate solution and a glucose solution, and combines with soaking in constant temperature water, which can effectively improve the germination rate and vitality of the seeds, while reducing the damage of pathogens to the seeds. The formula of the seedling-raising substrate is optimized, including the ratio of garden soil, fine sand, and fermented sugarcane filter mud, to balance the structure and fertility. This optimized substrate can not only provide sufficient nutrients, but also improve the air permeability and water retention of the soil, creating a good environment for seed germination and seedling growth. A good germination induction environment condition is set, including temperature, humidity, and light intensity. This precise environmental control can significantly improve the germination rate of seeds and the growth quality of seedlings. In addition, before transplanting the seedlings, the roots are soaked in a rooting powder solution to promote the rapid development of roots, significantly improving the survival rate of transplanted seedlings and the seedling slowdown speed. And the optimal concentration of rooting powder and soaking time are determined through experiments, providing a guarantee for the rapid growth of seedlings. After transplantation, the seedlings are shaded to avoid the damage of direct strong light to the seedlings, while promoting the rapid seedling slowdown and growth of the seedlings. Detailed implementation mode

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with the implementation mode:

[0019] Example 1

[0020] A method for improving the germination rate and transplanting survival rate of cassava hybrid seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. Seed pre-treatment: Soak the cassava hybrid seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 1.0% for 15 minutes for disinfection treatment, and then rinse them thoroughly with clean water. Place the disinfected seeds in a glucose solution with a mass concentration of 7.5% and soak for 24 hours to provide energy for the seeds and promote germination. Then soak the seeds in constant temperature water at 35°C for 10 hours to further break the seed dormancy and shorten the germination time;

[0022] S2. Prepare the seedling-raising substrate: Weigh 50 parts of garden soil, 30 parts of fine sand, and 20 parts of fermented sugarcane filter mud according to the weight ratio, mix them evenly and place them in a seedling tray;

[0023] S3. Sowing: Evenly sow the pre-treated seeds on the pre-prepared seedling substrate, cover with a layer of fine sand with a thickness of 0.51 cm, and then spray an appropriate amount of clear water with a sprayer to keep the substrate moist;

[0024] S4. Germination induction: Place the seedling tray in an environment with a temperature of 27 °C, a humidity of 75%, and a light intensity of 4000 lux for germination acceleration. Regularly spray water to keep it moist every day. When the germination rate of the seeds reaches more than 80%, move it to a place with sufficient light and good ventilation for continued cultivation until transplantation;

[0025] S5. Seedling transplantation: When the seedlings grow to 3 - 5 true leaves, carry out transplantation; before transplantation, thoroughly water the seedling substrate, and then carefully dig out the seedlings together with the substrate, minimizing root damage; before transplantation, soak the roots of the seedlings in a rooting powder solution of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) with a mass concentration of 0.2% for 12 minutes to promote root growth; transplant the seedlings into the pre-prepared field or nutrient pots, and pour enough fixed-root water; in the first 3 days after transplantation, use a sunshade net for sunshade treatment to avoid direct sunlight, and keep the soil moist. After the seedlings recover from transplantation, gradually resume normal management.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step S2, weigh 40 parts of garden soil, 30 parts of fine sand, and 30 parts of fermented sugarcane filter mud by weight ratio, mix them evenly and place them in the seedling tray.

[0028] Example 3

[0029] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step S2, weigh 60 parts of garden soil, 20 parts of fine sand, and 20 parts of fermented sugarcane filter mud by weight ratio, mix them evenly and place them in the seedling tray.

[0030] Example 4

[0031] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step S1, soak the cassava hybrid seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.5% for 15 minutes for disinfection treatment, and then rinse them thoroughly with clean water;

[0032] Example 5

[0033] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step S1, soak the cassava hybrid seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 1.5% for 15 minutes for disinfection treatment, and then rinse them thoroughly with clean water;

[0034] Example 6

[0035] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in step S1, the disinfected seeds are soaked in a glucose solution with a mass concentration of 5% for 24 hours to provide energy for the seeds and promote germination.

[0036] Embodiment 7

[0037] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in step S1, the disinfected seeds are soaked in a glucose solution with a mass concentration of 10% for 24 hours to provide energy for the seeds and promote germination.

[0038] Experiments were carried out using the methods of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 4, and Embodiment 5, and using clear water instead of the potassium permanganate solution as a control group. The experimental results are shown in Table 1:

[0039] Table 1 Effects of different potassium permanganate concentrations on seed disinfection effect and germination rate

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] It can be seen from the above table that treatment with 1.0% potassium permanganate for 15 minutes in Embodiment 1 can significantly reduce the bacteria-carrying rate (p < 0.01), and at the same time, the germination rate is the highest (91.8%), and the germination time is shortened to 8.7 days, which is better than other concentrations.

[0043] Experiments were carried out using the methods of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 6, and Embodiment 7, and using clear water instead of the glucose solution as a control group. The experimental results are shown in Table 2:

[0044] Table 2 Promotion effect of different glucose solution concentrations on seed germination

[0045]

[0046] It can be seen from the above table that soaking in a 7.5% glucose solution for 24 hours has the best effect, with a germination rate of 88.3%, and the radicle growth is significantly enhanced (p < 0.05).

[0047] Experiments were carried out using the methods of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, and Embodiment 3. The experimental results are shown in Table 3:

[0048] Table 3 Effects of different nursery substrate ratios on seedling growth

[0049]

[0050] It can be seen from the above table that the substrate ratio (50:30:20) in Embodiment 1 significantly increases the seedling plant height, root biomass, and survival rate (p < 0.01), and the water retention rate reaches 72.6%.

[0051] The method of Example 1 was used for the experiment, and replacing the rooting powder with clear water was used as the control group. The experimental results are shown in Table 4:

[0052] Table 4 Effects of Rooting Powder on Transplanting Survival Rate

[0053] Treatment group Number of roots (pcs) Transplanting survival rate (%) Seedling recovery time (days) Control (soaked in clear water) 5.2±0.8 71.3±2.9 7.5±0.6 0.2% NAA 12.6±1.2 96.8±1.5 3.2±0.4

[0054] To sum up, soaking in a 0.5%-1.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10-20 minutes can effectively kill surface pathogens, but it is necessary to avoid damaging the seed vitality due to too high a concentration. The optimal concentration was determined to be 1% through gradient experiments (such as 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%); soaking in a 5%-10% glucose solution concentration for 24 hours may promote seed imbibition through osmosis and provide germination energy; the combination of garden soil (40-60 parts), fine sand (20-30 parts), and sugarcane filter mud (10-20 parts) balances water retention and air permeability. Sugarcane filter mud is rich in organic matter, but it is necessary to ensure complete fermentation to avoid burning the seedlings. The optimal ratio of 50:30:20 was obtained by testing the effects of different ratios on the root development of seedlings; a temperature of 25-30 °C conforms to the warm-loving characteristics of cassava, but it is necessary to monitor the internal temperature of the substrate to avoid local overheating; the humidity is 70%-80%. A higher humidity is conducive to seed imbibition, but it is necessary to ventilate to prevent mold growth. A fungicide can be added or a breathable covering material can be used; the light is 3000-5000 lux. Moderate light may promote the germination of some varieties; soaking in a 0.1%-0.3% rooting powder for 10-15 minutes promotes root growth; shading for 3-7 days after transplanting reduces transpiration, but it is necessary to gradually increase the light to adapt to the environment and avoid seedling spindling. Among them, the potassium permanganate residue may affect soil microorganisms, and it is recommended to rotate crops or supplement probiotics in the follow-up; through comprehensive regulation of disinfection, nutrition, environment, and transplant management, the present invention significantly improves the germination and survival rate of cassava hybrid seeds. Further optimization needs to combine the specific variety characteristics, verify the optimal combination of each parameter through systematic experiments, and take into account cost and practicality to promote the wide application of this method in cassava breeding.

[0055] In addition, sugarcane filter mud with incomplete fermentation may introduce pathogens, and strict composting standards are required.

[0056] The process parameters for fermenting sugarcane filter mud are as follows:

[0057] I. Fermentation time

[0058] 1. Conventional fermentation: 7-15 days. The specific time is affected by environmental temperature and humidity. Under normal temperature (20-30 °C) conditions, it usually takes 7-10 days to complete composting; at low temperature (below 10 °C), it may be extended to 15 days.

[0059] 2. Molecular film static aerobic fermentation: According to the group standard "Technical Regulations for the Production of Organic Fertilizers by Molecular Film Static Aerobic Fermentation of Sugarcane Bagasse Filter Mud" issued in 2024, the fermentation cycle may be further optimized, but the specific parameters need to refer to the standard document.

[0060] II. Temperature control

[0061] 1. Compost temperature

[0062] Temperature rising stage: In the initial stage of fermentation, the temperature of the compost pile needs to rise rapidly to 50 - 70 °C to kill pathogenic bacteria, eggs and weed seeds, and at the same time promote the decomposition of organic matter.

[0063] Turning pile timing: When the internal temperature of the compost pile reaches 50 °C, it needs to be turned over. Subsequently, when the temperature rises to 50 °C again, it can be turned over for the second time to ensure uniform decomposition.

[0064] Static aerobic fermentation: Maintain the temperature of the compost pile stable through the molecular film covering technology to avoid nutrient loss caused by high temperature (>70 °C).

[0065] 2. Adaptability to ambient temperature

[0066] Low temperature conditions: When the air temperature is lower than 10 °C, it is necessary to cover breathable materials (such as straw, gunny bags) for heat preservation, or use greenhouse shed fermentation.

[0067] High temperature conditions: If the compost temperature exceeds 70 °C, it is necessary to remove the plastic film in time to prevent excessive oxidation.

[0068] III. Key process parameters

[0069] 1. Water content

[0070] Organic fertilizer production: The total water content is controlled at 40 - 75%, and the optimal range is 55 - 65%. Too high humidity is likely to prolong the fermentation time, and too low humidity will result in incomplete fermentation.

[0071] 2. Carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) and auxiliary material addition

[0072] The carbon-nitrogen ratio of sugarcane filter mud is relatively high, and it is necessary to add nitrogen sources (such as livestock and poultry manure, urea) or composite bacterial nutrient media (such as molasses) to adjust it to 25:1 - 30:1 to promote microbial activity.

[0073] 3. Compost pile specifications

[0074] Organic fertilizer production: The pile height ≥ 1.2 meters, and the width ≥ 1.5 meters to ensure heat accumulation and oxygen penetration inside the compost pile.

[0075] IV. Judgment criteria for maturity

[0076] 1. Sensory indicators: The fermentation product is dark brown or black, emits a mellow or humus smell, and has a loose texture without stickiness.

[0077] 2. Physical and chemical indicators: water content ≤ 20%, inactivation rate of pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds ≥ 99%, organic matter content ≥ 30%.

[0078] V. Risk control and precautions

[0079] 1. Safety: Avoid spontaneous combustion of the compost pile during the fermentation process (the risk increases when the temperature > 80°C), and regularly monitor the carbon dioxide concentration to prevent the risk of asphyxiation in enclosed spaces.

[0080] 2. Environmental protection: Wastewater treatment needs to combine the ABR-CASS process to ensure that indicators such as COD and BOD5 meet the discharge standards.

[0081] 3. Standardized operation: Refer to the latest group standards (such as T / GBC 22―2024) to ensure that the process parameters comply with industry specifications.

[0082] In summary, the method of the present invention uses potassium permanganate solution and glucose solution to pretreat cassava hybrid seeds, and combines constant-temperature soaking, which can effectively improve the germination rate and vitality of the seeds, and at the same time reduce the damage of pathogenic bacteria to the seeds; and optimizes the formula of the seedling-raising substrate, including the ratio of garden soil, fine sand and fermented sugarcane filter mud. This optimized substrate can not only provide sufficient nutrients, but also improve the air permeability and water retention of the soil, creating a good environment for seed germination and seedling growth; sets good germination induction environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity and light intensity. This precise environmental control can significantly improve the germination rate of seeds and the growth quality of seedlings; in addition, soaking the roots with rooting powder solution before transplanting seedlings significantly improves the transplanting survival rate and seedling-slowing speed of seedlings; and determines the optimal rooting powder concentration and soaking time through experiments, providing guarantee for the rapid growth of seedlings; after transplanting, the seedlings are shaded to avoid the damage of direct strong light to the seedlings, and at the same time promote the rapid seedling-slowing and growth of the seedlings. Therefore, the method of the present invention can significantly improve the germination rate of cassava hybrid seeds, the transplanting survival rate of seedlings and shorten the germination cycle, thereby improving the efficiency and success rate of cassava hybrid breeding, and in the process of cassava planting, can reduce seed waste, reduce planting costs, and improve the yield and quality of cassava.

[0083] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and common specific technical solutions or characteristics and the like in the solutions are not described in detail here. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The protection scope required by this application should be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners and the like recorded in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving the germination rate and transplanting survival rate of cassava hybrid seeds, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Seed pretreatment: Soak the cassava hybrid seeds in a potassium permanganate solution, then rinse them thoroughly with clean water. Place the disinfected seeds in a glucose solution, soak them, and then take them out for standby; S2. Prepare the seedling substrate: Weigh garden soil, fine sand, and fermented sugarcane filter mud in proportion, mix them evenly, and place them in a seedling tray; S3. Sowing: Evenly spread the pretreated seeds on the pre-prepared seedling substrate, cover them with a layer of fine sand, and then spray clean water with a sprayer to keep the substrate moist; S4. Germination induction: Place the seedling tray in an environment with a temperature of 25 - 30 °C, a humidity of 70% - 80%, and a light intensity of 3000 - 5000 lux for germination promotion. When the germination rate of the seeds reaches over 80%, move the seedling tray out for continued cultivation for transplanting; S5. Seedling transplantation: Dig out the seedlings together with the substrate, soak the roots of the seedlings in a rooting powder solution to promote root growth; then transplant the seedlings into the pre-prepared field or nutrient pots, and pour enough fixed-root water; among them, in the first 3 - 7 days after transplantation, shade them with a sunshade net and keep the soil moist.

2. A method for improving the germination rate and transplanting survival rate of cassava hybrid seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.5% - 1.5%, and the soaking time is 10 - 20 minutes; the mass concentration of the glucose solution is 5% - 10%, and the soaking time is 24 hours.

3. A method for improving the germination rate and transplanting survival rate of cassava hybrid seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, after soaking the disinfected seeds in the glucose solution, soak the seeds in constant-temperature water at 30 - 35 °C for 8 - 12 hours.

4. A method for improving the germination rate and transplanting survival rate of cassava hybrid seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the seedling substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 - 60 parts of garden soil, 20 - 30 parts of fine sand, and 10 - 20 parts of fermented sugarcane filter mud.

5. A method for improving the germination rate and transplanting survival rate of cassava hybrid seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the mass concentration of the rooting powder solution is 0.1% - 0.3%, and the soaking time is 10 - 15 minutes.

Images