Multi-layer filtering type fire-fighting smoke purification escape device

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-layer filtering type fire-fighting smoke purification escape device, which belongs to the field of fire-fighting escape equipment and comprises a mask main body, a silica gel cover arranged on the inner side of the mask main body and a filtering module arranged on the outer side of the mask main body and communicated with the silica gel cover. The filter module comprises a filter cartridge connected with the mask main body and a five-stage gradient filter layer arranged in the filter cartridge; the five-stage gradient filter layer sequentially comprises a metal cooling layer, an electrostatic electret layer, a catalytic reaction layer, a molecular sieve adsorption layer and an HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) final filter layer. Through the five-stage gradient filtering system and the modular structure design, the problem that multi-component poison gas purification is insufficient in the prior art is solved in a targeted mode. The metal cooling layer intercepts combustion chippings and precools the chippings, the electrostatic electret layer efficiently adsorbs PM2.5 particles, the catalytic reaction layer synchronously neutralizes acid gas and oxidizes CO, the molecular sieve accurately captures benzene series, the HEPA film realizes final filtration of submicron particles, and a full-particle-size and multi-pollutant layered purification system is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of fire escape equipment, and specifically to a multi-layer filtering fire smoke purification escape device. Background Art

[0002] In fire accidents, suffocation and poisoning caused by smoke are one of the main factors leading to casualties. According to statistics, more than 80% of the casualties in fires are caused by inhalation of toxic flue gases (such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, benzene series, etc.) and a sharp drop in oxygen concentration. Existing fire escape devices, as the core equipment for personal respiratory protection, mainly focus on two aspects: the filtering system and the respiratory structure design.

[0003] Currently, mainstream products generally adopt a single-layer activated carbon adsorption or a simple mechanical filtration structure. This design can only target a single type of pollutant (such as the adsorption of some organic gases by activated carbon), but cannot effectively deal with the multi-component mixed pollution problem in fire smoke. For example, the chemical stability of carbon monoxide (CO) makes it difficult to be adsorbed by traditional activated carbon. The coexistence of acidic gases such as hydrogen chloride (HCl) and benzene series will cause the single filter material to quickly saturate and fail, and the interception efficiency for ultra-fine particles below PM2.5 is insufficient. In addition, existing devices mostly adopt a passive free breathing design, relying on the user's own breathing power to drive the air flow through the filter material. During the escape process, the increased breathing frequency (up to 20 - 30 times per minute) caused by the user's intense movement will significantly increase the breathing resistance, resulting in difficulty breathing, increased oxygen consumption, and even a decline in the user's mobility due to hypoxia, seriously affecting the evacuation efficiency during the golden escape time.

[0004] Therefore, this application provides a multi-layer filtering fire smoke purification escape device to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a multi-layer filtering fire smoke purification escape device, aiming to solve the problems in the background art such as the existing single-layer filtering structure being unable to cope with multi-component toxic flue gases, and the high breathing resistance caused by the passive breathing design leading to low escape efficiency and the risk of poisoning and suffocation.

[0006] To achieve the above object, this application provides the following technical solution: A multi-layer filtering fire smoke purification escape device includes a mask main body, a silica gel cover arranged on the inner side of the mask main body for fitting with the mouth and nose parts of the human face, and a filtering module arranged on the outer side of the mask main body and communicated with the silica gel cover. The silica gel cover fits with the mouth and nose parts of the human face to form an independent breathing cavity, which, in cooperation with the sealing silica gel pad, effectively isolates the external toxic smoke and ensures the cleanliness of the breathing air. A one-way valve is provided on the outer side of the mask body, which is connected to the silica gel cover and used to discharge the exhaled gas. The one-way valve only allows the exhaled gas to be discharged, prevents the backflow of external smoke, maintains a positive pressure environment inside the mask, avoids the infiltration of external pollutants through the exhaust port during inhalation, and improves breathing safety.

[0007] A transparent observation window corresponding to the eyes is provided on the mask body, and a sealing silica gel pad is provided at the edge; the tempered glass is heat-resistant, impact-resistant, and has a high surface hardness, ensuring a clear vision in the thick smoke environment of the fire scene and avoiding affecting the judgment of the escape route due to glass breakage or surface scratches.

[0008] To improve the filtration efficiency: the filtration module includes a filter cartridge connected to the mask body and a five-stage gradient filtration layer provided in the filter cartridge; the five-stage gradient filtration layer is successively a metal cooling layer, an electrostatic electret layer, a catalytic reaction layer, a molecular sieve adsorption layer, and a HEPA final filtration layer. Among them, the metal cooling layer is provided at the inlet end of the filter cartridge. Through the multi-layer filtration system, various harmful substances in the smoke can be effectively removed, including larger soot particles, harmful gases, and fine particles, improving the filtration effect and providing cleaner breathing air for users. During use, the fire smoke passes through the metal cooling layer to intercept sparks and cool down, the electrostatic electret layer to adsorb particulate matter, the catalytic reaction layer to neutralize acidic gases and oxidize CO, the molecular sieve adsorption layer to capture organic matter, and the HEPA final filtration layer to filter ultrafine particles in sequence, and finally output clean air.

[0009] Preferably, the metal cooling layer is a titanium alloy honeycomb structure. The titanium alloy honeycomb structure can effectively intercept combustion debris and avoid blocking the subsequent filtration layer; at the same time, it reduces the temperature of the inhaled gas through the metal heat conduction property, prevents high-temperature burns to the respiratory tract, and prolongs the service life of the subsequent filter materials.

[0010] Preferably, the electrostatic electret layer is a polypropylene meltblown cloth. The polypropylene meltblown cloth is treated with electrostatic electret, which can adsorb PM2.5 and above particulate matter, effectively remove inhalable particulate matter in the smoke, reduce the burden on the subsequent catalytic reaction layer, and improve the overall filtration efficiency.

[0011] Preferably, the catalytic reaction layer is composed of a composite of sodium hydroxide-impregnated activated carbon and Hopcalite catalyst. The sodium hydroxide-impregnated activated carbon can neutralize acidic gases such as HCl and SO2, and the Hopcalite catalyst catalytically oxidizes CO to CO2 at room temperature, specifically solving the threat of two fatal poisonous gases in the fire scene and avoiding human poisoning.

[0012] Preferably, the HEPA final filtration layer is a nanofiber membrane layer. The nanofiber membrane can filter submicron-sized particles, capture fine particles such as aerosols, viruses, and bacteria in the smoke, ensure that the output air meets the medical-grade cleanliness standard, and avoid respiratory tract infections and blockages.

[0013] Preferably, in order to facilitate the replacement of the filter module: the filter cartridge is a rotatable four-chamber filter cartridge, the electrostatic electret layer, the catalytic reaction layer, the molecular sieve adsorption layer and the HEPA final filter layer are sequentially arranged in the corresponding filter cartridges, the adjacent filter cartridges are threadedly connected, the filter cartridge is threadedly connected to the mask body, and the metal cooling layer is threadedly connected to the filter cartridge. The four-chamber independent structure realizes functional modularization, and the threaded connection design facilitates the single replacement of the corresponding filter cartridge without the need for overall replacement, thereby reducing the cost of use.

[0014] Preferably, in order to facilitate the driving of the filter cartridge and the metal cooling layer to rotate: the outer walls of the filter cartridge and the metal cooling layer are both annularly and circumferentially fixedly connected with a plurality of protruding rods. The protruding rods provide a rotation force point, which is convenient for operation with gloves on at a fire scene.

[0015] Preferably, the shape of the mask body fits the contour of the human face, the outer layer of the mask body is aramid fireproof cloth, and the inner layer is phase change cooling material. The outer layer of the mask body is made of aramid fireproof cloth, which can resist the high temperature and flame burning in the fire scene, and the inner layer of phase change cooling material can absorb the heat of the human face and maintain a comfortable temperature, thereby improving the safety of survival in the fire scene.

[0016] Preferably, in order to facilitate fixing the mask body on the human face: the top and bottom of the mask body are both provided with fixing mechanisms, the fixing mechanisms include buckles symmetrically fixed on both sides of the mask body, one of the buckles is fixedly connected to a headband, the movable end of the headband is movable through the other buckle, and the headband is provided with a Velcro hook surface and a Velcro fleece surface that stick to each other. The headband cooperates with the Velcro hook surface and the Velcro fleece surface to quickly complete the wearing of the mask and adapt to different head shapes. The flexible fit of the silicone cover and the elastic tension of the headband jointly achieve sealing to prevent the mask from shifting during strenuous exercise.

[0017] Preferably, in order to conveniently increase the air supply from the filter module to the inside of the silicone cover: the escape device also includes an air supply module, the air supply module includes a micro air pump fixedly installed in the silicone cover, the air inlet end of the micro air pump is connected to the input end of the silicone cover, the inside of the silicone cover is also provided with a pressure sensor adapted to the micro air pump, and the mask body is also provided with a controller connected to the micro air pump and the silicone cover. The micro air pump automatically starts when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the mask is less than 50Pa, and the air supply flow rate is increased to 30L / min, solving the problem of large traditional passive breathing resistance, meeting the high ventilation demand during strenuous exercise, and avoiding physical exhaustion caused by hypoxia.

[0018] Through a five - level gradient filtration system and modular structure design, this application specifically addresses the problem of insufficient purification of multi - component poisonous gases in the prior art. The metal cooling layer intercepts combustion debris and pre - cools, the electrostatic electret layer efficiently adsorbs PM2.5 particles, the catalytic reaction layer simultaneously neutralizes acidic gases and oxidizes CO, the molecular sieve precisely captures benzene series substances, and the HEPA membrane achieves the ultimate filtration of sub - micron particles, forming a hierarchical purification system for all particle sizes and multiple pollutants.

[0019] In terms of the adaptability of breathing power and the environment, in the active air supply module, a micro air pump and a pressure sensor are linked to reduce the breathing resistance, meet the high ventilation demand during strenuous exercise, and maintain positive pressure inside the mask to prevent smoke from pouring back. The silica gel mask is combined with a magic - tape headband to achieve quick sealing and wearing. The phase - change cooling material and the tempered glass observation window respectively solve the problems of high temperature and stuffiness and blurred vision. After testing, the purified gas meets the national standards, reducing breathing energy consumption and improving the escape efficiency, providing an efficient and safe guarantee for fire - field protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a multi - layer filter - type fire - fighting smoke purification and escape device; Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the other side of the structure in Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between the silica gel mask and the filter module; Figure 4 is Figure 3 an exploded view of the structure in Figure 5 is Figure 4 a schematic diagram of the other side of the structure in

[0021] In the figure: 1. Mask main body; 11. Observation window; 12. Silica gel pad; 2. Silica gel mask; 3. Filter module; 31. Filter cartridge; 311. Convex rod; 32. Five - level gradient filtration layer; 321. Metal cooling layer; 322. Electrostatic electret layer; 323. Catalytic reaction layer; 324. Molecular sieve adsorption layer; 325. HEPA final filtration layer; 4. Fixing mechanism; 41. Buckle; 42. Headband; 43. Magic - tape hook surface; 44. Magic - tape loop surface; 5. Air supply module; 51. Micro air pump; 52. Pressure sensor; 6. Check valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0022] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] Embodiment 1 This embodiment provides a multi-layer filtering fire smoke purification escape device. As Figures 1-5 shown, the escape device includes a mask main body 1, a silica gel cover 2 provided on the inner side of the mask main body 1 for fitting with the mouth and nose parts of the human face, and a filtering module 3 provided on the outer side of the mask main body 1 and communicated with the silica gel cover 2. The silica gel cover 2 fits with the mouth and nose parts of the human face to form an independent breathing cavity, and together with the sealing silica gel pad 12, effectively isolates the external toxic smoke and ensures the cleanliness of the breathing air; the ergonomic curved surface design of the silica gel cover 2 (fitting the nasal bridge and cheekbone contours) and the sealing silica gel pad 12 jointly form a physical seal to prevent unfiltered smoke from entering the breathing cavity.

[0024] A one-way valve 6 communicated with the silica gel cover 2 is provided on the outer side of the mask main body 1 for discharging the exhaled gas. The one-way valve 6 only allows the exhaled gas to be discharged, prevents the external smoke from flowing back, maintains a positive pressure environment inside the mask, avoids the infiltration of external pollutants through the exhaust port during inhalation, and improves the breathing safety. By using the elastic deformation of the rubber valve flap, the valve flap closes during inhalation (blocking the exhaust channel), and the valve flap opens during exhalation (opening the exhaust channel), and the one-way flow control of the gas is realized through the pressure difference.

[0025] A transparent observation window 11 corresponding to the eyes is provided on the mask main body 1, and a sealing silica gel pad 12 is provided at the edge; the tempered glass is heat-resistant, impact-resistant, and has a high surface hardness, ensuring a clear field of vision in the thick smoke environment of the fire scene and avoiding the influence on the judgment of the escape route due to glass breakage or surface scratches. The tempered glass forms a surface stress layer through physical strengthening treatment to resist the thermal expansion and contraction under high temperature and the impact of external objects, and maintains stable optical performance.

[0026] To improve the filtration efficiency: The filtration module 3 includes a filter cartridge 31 connected to the mask body 1 and a five-stage gradient filtration layer 32 disposed within the filter cartridge 31; the five-stage gradient filtration layer 32 is successively a metal cooling layer 321, an electrostatic electret layer 322, a catalytic reaction layer 323, a molecular sieve adsorption layer 324, and a HEPA final filtration layer 325. Among them, the metal cooling layer 321 is disposed at the inlet end of the filter cartridge 31. Through the multi-layer filtration system, various harmful substances in the smoke can be effectively removed, including larger soot particles, harmful gases, and fine particles, improving the filtration effect and providing cleaner breathing air for the user. During use, the fire smoke successively passes through the metal cooling layer 321 to intercept sparks and cool down, the electrostatic electret layer 322 to adsorb particulate matter, the catalytic reaction layer 323 to neutralize acidic gases and oxidize CO, the molecular sieve adsorption layer 324 to capture organic substances, and the HEPA final filtration layer 325 to filter ultrafine particles, and finally clean air is output.

[0027] The metal cooling layer 321 is a titanium alloy honeycomb structure. The titanium alloy honeycomb structure (pore diameter 2 - 5 mm) can effectively intercept combustion debris with a diameter > 1 mm (such as wood chips, plastic fragments), avoiding clogging of the subsequent filtration layer; at the same time, it reduces the temperature of the inhaled gas through the metal's heat conduction characteristics, preventing high-temperature burns to the respiratory tract and extending the service life of the subsequent filter media. The fire smoke first passes through the metal cooling layer 321, and the honeycomb pore structure uses the mechanical interception principle to block large particle debris. The titanium alloy material quickly absorbs the heat of the flue gas and dissipates it through the aramid cloth on the outer layer of the mask body 1, achieving gas-solid separation and pre-cooling treatment.

[0028] The electrostatic electret layer 322 is a polypropylene meltblown cloth. The polypropylene meltblown cloth is treated with electrostatic electret and can adsorb particulate matter of PM2.5 and above (0.3 - 10 μm), effectively removing inhalable particulate matter in the smoke, reducing the burden on the subsequent catalytic reaction layer 323, and improving the overall filtration efficiency. Using the electrostatic field generated by electrostatic electret, a Coulomb force is applied to the passing particulate matter, causing PM2.5 particles to deviate from the gas flow trajectory and adsorb on the surface of the meltblown cloth fibers, achieving particulate matter purification through the dual mechanisms of inertial collision and electrostatic adsorption.

[0029] The catalytic reaction layer 323 is composed of sodium hydroxide-impregnated activated carbon and Hopcalite catalyst. The sodium hydroxide-impregnated activated carbon can neutralize acidic gases such as HCl and SO2, and the Hopcalite catalyst (Cu-Mn composite oxide) catalytically oxidizes CO to CO2 at room temperature, specifically addressing the two major deadly gas threats in the fire scene and preventing human poisoning. The acidic gas undergoes a neutralization reaction with NaOH (such as HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O), and CO undergoes a catalytic oxidation reaction on the surface of the Hopcalite catalyst (2CO + O2 → 2CO2), converting toxic gases into harmless substances through chemical transformation.

[0030] The molecular sieve adsorption layer 324 is a zeolite molecular sieve. The zeolite molecular sieve (pore size 0.3-1nm) uses the microporous structure to selectively adsorb benzene series (benzene, toluene, etc.), remove volatile organic pollutants in the fire scene, avoid damage to the central nervous system, and ensure that the user can stay awake and escape. Based on the screening effect of the molecular sieve pore size and the size of the benzene series molecule (benzene molecule diameter 0.55nm), the organic molecules are trapped in the micropores through physical adsorption, achieving efficient removal of volatile organic matter.

[0031] The HEPA final filter layer 325 is a nanofiber membrane layer. The nanofiber membrane (pore size ≤ 0.3μm) can filter submicron particles (0.1-0.3μm), and can capture fine particles such as aerosols, viruses, and bacteria in smoke, ensuring that the output air meets medical-grade cleanliness standards and avoids respiratory infections and blockages. Using the principles of Brownian diffusion, interception effect, and inertial collision, when the airflow passes through the nanofiber membrane, fine particles collide with the fiber surface due to random motion and are captured, achieving the ultimate filtration of ultrafine particles.

[0032] In order to facilitate the replacement of the filter module 3: the filter cartridge 31 is a rotatable four-chamber filter cartridge, the electrostatic electret layer 322, the catalytic reaction layer 323, the molecular sieve adsorption layer 324 and the HEPA final filter layer 325 are arranged in the corresponding filter cartridge 31 in sequence, the adjacent filter cartridges 31 are threadedly connected, the filter cartridge 31 is threadedly connected to the mask body 1, and the metal cooling layer 321 is threadedly connected to the filter cartridge 31. The four-chamber independent structure (metal cooling layer 321 separate cavity + four-stage filter layer four cavities) realizes functional modularization, and the threaded connection design facilitates the single replacement of the corresponding filter cartridge 31 without the need for overall replacement, reducing the cost of use. The filter cartridge 31 is connected to the mask body 1 and the adjacent filter cartridge 31 through threads. The metal cooling layer 321 is designed as a replaceable structure because it is susceptible to spark impact. Other filter layers are replaced as needed according to the degree of pollution.

[0033] In order to facilitate the rotation of the filter cartridge 31 and the metal cooling layer 321: the outer walls of the filter cartridge 31 and the metal cooling layer 321 are annularly fixedly connected with multiple protruding rods 311. The protruding rods 311 provide a rotation point, which is convenient for operation with gloves on the fire scene. Rotating the protruding rods 311 can quickly disassemble / install a single filter layer cavity. The shape of the mask body 1 fits the contour of the human face. The outer layer of the mask body 1 is aramid fireproof cloth, and the inner layer is phase change cooling material. The outer layer of the mask body 1 is made of aramid fireproof cloth, which can resist the high temperature and flame burning in the fire scene. The inner layer of phase change cooling material can absorb the heat of the human face and maintain a comfortable temperature, improving the safety of survival in the fire scene. The aramid fireproof cloth blocks the external heat transfer by virtue of its high temperature resistance. The phase change cooling material absorbs excess heat from the face through solid-liquid phase change, maintaining the temperature inside the mask in a comfortable range of 30-35℃.

[0034] In order to facilitate the fixation of the mask body 1 on the human face: fixing mechanisms 4 are provided at both the top and bottom of the mask body 1. The fixing mechanism 4 includes buckle rings 41 symmetrically fixed on both sides of the mask body 1. A headband 42 is fixedly connected to one of the buckle rings 41. The movable end of the headband 42 movably passes through the other buckle ring 41. Hook-and-loop fastener surfaces 43 and loop-and-loop fastener surfaces 44 that adhere to each other are provided on the headband 42. The headband 42 (width 25 mm, elastic elongation rate ≥ 50%) cooperates with the hook-and-loop fastener surface 43 and the loop-and-loop fastener surface 44 to quickly complete the wearing of the mask, adapt to different head shapes, and the flexible fitting of the silicone cover 2 and the elastic tension of the headband 42 jointly achieve sealing to prevent the mask from shifting during strenuous exercise. When wearing the mask body 1, after fitting the mask body 1 on the face, the silicone cover 2 is made to fit outside the mouth and nose for convenient breathing during use. Then, the movable end of the headband 42 is passed through the other buckle ring 41. Next, the hook-and-loop fastener surface 43 and the loop-and-loop fastener surface 44 on the headband 42 are adhered to each other to form a three-point force-bearing support structure around the top of the head and the back of the neck, completing the position fixation of the mask body 1.

[0035] Embodiment 2 Different from Embodiment 1, in order to solve the problem that passive breathing depends on human self-power, the breathing resistance during strenuous exercise reaches 800 - 1000 Pa, resulting in dyspnea, increased oxygen consumption, and decreased escape efficiency: the escape device further includes a gas supply module 5. The gas supply module 5 includes a micro air pump 51 fixedly installed inside the silicone cover 2. The intake end of the micro air pump 51 is communicated with the input end of the silicone cover 2. A pressure sensor 52 adapted to the micro air pump 51 is further provided inside the silicone cover 2. A controller connected to the micro air pump 51 and the silicone cover 2 is also provided on the mask body 1. The micro air pump 51 (rated flow rate 20 L / min, power consumption ≤ 5 W) automatically starts when the pressure sensor 52 monitors that the pressure inside the mask < 50 Pa, and raises the gas supply flow rate to 30 L / min, solving the problem of large resistance in traditional passive breathing (the measured breathing resistance drops from 800 Pa to below 300 Pa), meeting the high ventilation volume requirements during strenuous exercise (heart rate ≥ 120 beats per minute), and avoiding physical exhaustion caused by hypoxia. The pressure sensor 52 continuously collects the air pressure signal inside the silicone cover 2. When the pressure drops due to inhalation, the controller (built-in MCU) triggers the micro air pump 51 to accelerate its operation, compensating for the pressure difference by actively supplying air, forming a closed-loop control of "pressure monitoring - signal feedback - air volume adjustment" to achieve dynamic matching of the gas supply flow rate with the breathing intensity.

[0036] The control method of this application is controlled by a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be realized by simple programming by those skilled in the art. The provision of the power supply also belongs to the common knowledge in the art. And this application mainly aims to protect mechanical devices, so the control method and circuit connection of this application will not be explained in detail.

[0037] It should be noted that a variety of standard parts used in this application are all available in the market, and non-standard parts can be specially customized. The connection method adopted in this application is also a very common means in the mechanical field, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0038] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by this application, according to the technical solution and its concept of this application, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-layer filtering fire smoke purification escape device, comprising a mask body (1), a silica gel mask (2) arranged on the inner side of the mask body (1) for fitting with the mouth and nose of the human face, and a filtering module (3) arranged on the outer side of the mask body (1) and communicated with the silica gel mask (2). A one-way valve (6) communicated with the silica gel mask (2) for discharging the exhaled gas is arranged on the outer side of the mask body (1). A transparent observation window (11) corresponding to the eyes is arranged on the mask body (1), and a sealing silica gel pad (12) is arranged on the edge. It is characterized in that: The filtering module (3) comprises a filter cartridge (31) connected to the mask body (1) and a five-stage gradient filtering layer (32) arranged in the filter cartridge (31). The five-stage gradient filtering layer (32) is successively a metal cooling layer (321), an electrostatic electret layer (322), a catalytic reaction layer (323), a molecular sieve adsorption layer (324), and a HEPA final filter layer (325). Among them, the metal cooling layer (321) is arranged at the inlet end of the filter cartridge (31).

2. The multi-layer filtering type fire smoke purification and escape device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal cooling layer (321) is a titanium alloy honeycomb structure.

3. The multi-layer filtration type fire smoke purification and escape device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrostatic electret layer (322) is a polypropylene melt-blown cloth.

4. The multi-layer filtration type fire smoke purification and escape device according to claim 1, wherein: The catalytic reaction layer (323) is composed of a composite of sodium hydroxide-impregnated activated carbon and Hopcalite catalyst.

5. The multi-layer filtering type fire smoke purification and escape device according to claim 1, wherein: The HEPA final filter layer (325) is a nanofiber membrane layer.

6. The multi-layer filtering type fire smoke purification and escape device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter cartridge (31) is a rotatable four-chamber filter cartridge. The electrostatic electret layer (322), the catalytic reaction layer (323), the molecular sieve adsorption layer (324), and the HEPA final filter layer (325) are successively arranged in the corresponding filter cartridges (31). The adjacent filter cartridges (31) are threadedly connected. The filter cartridge (31) is threadedly connected to the mask body (1), and the metal cooling layer (321) is threadedly connected to the filter cartridge (31).

7. The multi-layer filtering type fire smoke purification and escape device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of convex rods (311) are fixedly connected to the outer side walls of the filter cartridge (31) and the metal cooling layer (321) in a circumferential annular manner.

8. The multi-layer filtration type fire smoke purification and escape device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the mask body (1) fits the contour of the human face. The outer layer of the mask body (1) is an aramid fireproof cloth, and the inner layer is a phase change cooling material.

9. The multi-layer filtering type fire smoke purification and escape device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fixing mechanisms (4) are arranged at the top and bottom of the mask body (1). The fixing mechanism (4) comprises buckle rings (41) symmetrically fixed on both sides of the mask body (1). A headband (42) is fixedly connected to one of the buckle rings (41). The movable end of the headband (42) movably passes through the other buckle ring (41). A hook surface (43) and a loop surface (44) of Velcro that are adhesively attached to each other are arranged on the headband (42).

10. The multi-layer filtering type fire smoke purification and escape device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The escape device further includes a gas supply module (5), and the gas supply module (5) includes a micro air pump (51) fixedly installed in the silica gel cover (2). The intake end of the micro air pump (51) is communicated with the input end of the silica gel cover (2). A pressure sensor (52) adapted to the micro air pump (51) is further arranged inside the silica gel cover (2). A controller connected to the micro air pump (51) and the silica gel cover (2) is further arranged on the mask body (1).

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