A self-powered hydrological detection device that adapts to changes in seabed scouring and silting

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of marine engineering and hydrological observation equipment, and discloses a self-powered hydrological detection device that is adaptive to changes in seabed scouring and silting, comprising: a self-powered system, which includes a vertical shaft eccentric spiral blade, a rotor cross bar and a rotor vertical shaft, the bottom of the rotor vertical shaft is connected to a power generation module, two of the rotor cross bars are arranged on the outer wall of the rotor vertical shaft in sequence from top to bottom, the outer walls of the three vertical shaft eccentric spiral blades are respectively installed on the rotor cross bar triangle, and the power generation module is electrically connected to an energy management unit. The present invention uses a terrain adaptability system and an LSTM prediction model for linkage control. On the one hand, it can achieve dynamic adjustment of the bracket anchoring depth to avoid displacement or burial of the instrument; on the other hand, it can achieve lifting and oblique movement of the entire device, which is convenient for equipment recovery and conversion of detection positions; at the same time, it adopts ocean current-temperature difference complementary power generation and an intelligent energy storage system to achieve 5 years of maintenance-free continuous power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine engineering and hydrological observation equipment, and in particular to a self-powered hydrological detection device that is adaptive to changes in seabed scouring and silting. Background Art

[0002] In the field of estuarine and coastal hydrodynamic and sediment research, accurate on-site hydrological and sediment measurement data are an important foundation for analyzing dynamic mechanisms and conducting water and sediment environment analysis. They also serve as important verification data for dynamic geomorphology research, as well as for mathematical and physical model experiments. Among them, the bottom-mounted observation bracket is a commonly used device for marine hydrological and sediment observation. It relies on its own weight to sit above the seabed. By mounting observation instruments such as wave, sediment concentration, tide level, and tidal current on the rigid bracket, it can achieve fixed, long-term, and continuous observation of hydrological and sediment-related parameters.

[0003] However, my country has a large number of estuarine coastal areas with highly active sediment movement. The seabed sediment in these sea areas is fine-grained and silty, with a median particle size of about 0.03mm to 0.10mm. The tides and runoff are turbulent, and the seabed sediment is very easy to be suspended under the action of hydrodynamic forces such as waves, tides and runoff, and settle to the seabed during periods of weakening hydrodynamic forces, causing the seabed elevation to be in constant dynamic change. The seabed elevation can fluctuate by about 1m in a single tidal cycle. In view of the above conditions, the existing base support device has two difficulties that are difficult to overcome:

[0004] Traditional base supports rely solely on their own weight to stabilize their underwater position, so they are prone to moving downward or tilting during seabed scouring, and are at risk of being buried during seabed siltation. In particular, once siltation occurs, data observation will be impossible to carry out effectively, and it will also pose a huge risk to instrument safety. Even if the buried base support is dug out of the silt and placed in its original place again, the silt is too soft, causing the support for the base support to no longer be stable.

[0005] The instruments and equipment carried by the base bracket are generally powered by the lithium batteries built into the instruments. The batteries must be retrieved and replaced within a period of time, otherwise data collection will no longer be possible. This frequent maintenance leads to data interruptions, affecting long-term monitoring efficiency and data value. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a self-powered hydrological detection device that can adapt to changes in seabed scouring and silting. It solves the risk of instrument displacement / burial caused by unreliable deadweight fixation of traditional bottom-mounted observation brackets in a dynamic scouring and silting seabed environment, as well as the problem of data interruption caused by short-term lithium battery power supply.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a self-powered hydrological detection device that is adaptive to changes in seabed scouring and silting, comprising:

[0008] A self-powered system includes a vertical shaft eccentric spiral blade, a rotor cross bar and a rotor vertical shaft. The bottom of the rotor vertical shaft is connected to a power generation module. Two rotor cross bars are sequentially arranged on the outer wall of the rotor vertical shaft from top to bottom. The outer walls of the three vertical shaft eccentric spiral blades are respectively installed on the rotor cross bar triangle. The power generation module is electrically connected to an energy management unit.

[0009] The intelligent monitoring system is installed on the bottom wall of the power generation module. It is used to collect hydrological and sediment data in real time through a multi-parameter sensor array, predict seabed erosion and siltation trends based on the LSTM deep learning model, and coordinate with the terrain adaptability system and communication module to achieve dynamic calibration of the device attitude, terrain tracking monitoring and remote operation and maintenance control. The intelligent monitoring system and the terrain adaptability system are connected by a streamlined bracket.

[0010] Preferably, the intelligent monitoring system includes a shell, which is installed at the bottom of the power generation module. A spirit level is provided at the center of the bottom of the shell. A sediment density detector, a laser rangefinder, a multi-point terrain detector, a flow rate monitor, a wave monitor and a tide level monitor are arranged in a circular array around the spirit level at the bottom of the shell. The shell has a built-in underwater acoustic communication unit and a satellite communication unit.

[0011] Preferably, the streamlined bracket includes a plurality of bracket diagonal braces, and one end of the plurality of bracket diagonal braces is arranged in an equidistant circular array on the outer wall of the shell, and the outer wall of the shell has a plurality of horizontal brackets in an equidistant circular array at one end, and the other end of the bracket diagonal braces and the horizontal brackets are connected to a vertical bracket.

[0012] Preferably, the terrain adaptability system includes a lifting motor drive module, the top of the lifting motor drive module is installed on the bottom, and the output end of the lifting motor drive module is connected to a spiral lifting module.

[0013] Preferably, the length of the vertical eccentric spiral blade is 1.0-1.5 m, the spiral angle is 90°, the eccentricity is 4-6 cm, and the turbine efficiency is ≥35%.

[0014] Preferably, the energy management unit comprises a supercapacitor and a lithium thionyl chloride battery pack, and is configured with a fuzzy logic controller to achieve dynamic power supply mode switching: when the flow rate is ≥0.3m / s, turbine power generation is prioritized, and when the flow rate is <0.3m / s, the temperature difference power generation module is enabled.

[0015] Preferably, the streamlined bracket is designed using a third-order curve equation, and a temperature difference power generation module composed of bismuth telluride thermoelectric material is embedded inside the streamlined bracket. When the temperature difference ΔT between seawater and the electronic component cabin is ≥5°C, the output power is ≥10W, and the surface of the streamlined bracket is coated with a polydimethylsiloxane anti-biological attachment coating.

[0016] Preferably, the spiral lifting module is composed of an upper and lower part, which includes an upper threaded rod and a lower threaded rod. The lower end of the upper threaded rod is provided with a stud, and the top through hole of the lower threaded rod is provided with a screw hole. The outer wall of the stud is threadedly connected to the screw hole, and the rotation direction of the thread of the outer wall of the stud is the same as the rotation direction of the thread of the lower threaded rod; the interior of the upper threaded rod and the lower threaded rod are interconnected hollow structures, and the two ends of the connecting rope are respectively connected to the inner surface of the upper threaded rod and the inner surface of the lower threaded rod. The rapid rotation of the three spiral lifting modules provides power for the device to realize the lifting and lowering of the entire device, and oblique movement, so that it is convenient to recover or move the monitoring position.

[0017] The present invention provides a self-powered hydrological detection device that is adaptive to changes in seabed scouring and silting. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. This invention utilizes a terrain adaptability system integrated with an LSTM prediction model. By monitoring seabed height changes in real time and predicting scouring and silting trends, it dynamically adjusts the anchor depth of the support using a rotating spiral lift module. Compared to traditional passive support systems that rely solely on deadweight for anchoring, this solution addresses the issues of downward movement caused by scouring and landfill caused by siltation. It ensures the probe remains at an effective monitoring height, preventing data interruptions and the risk of equipment damage.

[0019] 2. This invention utilizes a complementary power supply system of vertical-axis turbines and thermoelectric generators, combined with supercapacitor buffer storage and a fuzzy logic controller, to achieve autonomous energy switching and long-term endurance. Existing technologies rely on periodic lithium battery replacement, resulting in frequent maintenance and data interruptions. This solution utilizes ocean currents and temperature differences for continuous energy supply, eliminating the need for human intervention for five years. This addresses the core drawbacks of traditional systems, such as high maintenance costs and poor data continuity.

[0020] 3. According to the present invention, when the sedimentation rate is predicted to exceed the standard, the spiral lifting module rotates to drive the entire device to lift upward. However, at this time, since the sedimentation sediment is relatively soft, if the spiral lifting module is a traditional integrated threaded rod, when it continues to move upward and leaves the solid seabed soil until it is completely in the soft sedimentation sediment, the soft sedimentation sediment cannot provide effective support capacity, which will cause the entire device to easily overturn. Based on this, the present invention separates the spiral lifting module into an upper threaded rod and a lower threaded rod, so that when the spiral lifting module rotates and moves upward due to the sedimentation rate exceeding the standard, the stud of the upper threaded rod gradually unscrews from the screw hole of the lower threaded rod, causing the spiral lifting module to become longer as a whole, so that the lower threaded rod stays in the solid seabed soil, and the upper threaded rod drives the streamlined bracket to move upward, so that the spiral lifting module can always be supported by the solid seabed soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A perspective view of the overall device of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the self-powered system of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the terrain adaptability system of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of power supply mode switching according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a streamlined stent of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the spiral lifting module of the present invention.

[0028] Among them, 1. Self-powered system; 101. Vertical eccentric spiral blade; 102. Rotor cross bar; 103. Rotor vertical axis; 104. Energy management unit; 2. Power generation module; 3. Intelligent monitoring system; 301. Casing; 302. Sediment density detector; 303. Level; 304. Laser rangefinder; 305. Multi-point terrain detector; 306. Flow rate monitor; 307. Wave monitor; 308. Tide level monitor; 4. Streamlined bracket; 401. Bracket diagonal support; 402. Horizontal bracket; 403. Vertical bracket; 5. Terrain adaptability system; 501. Lifting motor drive module; 502. Spiral lifting module; 5021. Upper threaded rod; 5022. Lower threaded rod; 5023. Stud; 5024. Screw hole; 5025. Connecting rope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the present specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Please see the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 5 The embodiment of the present invention provides a self-powered hydrological detection device that is adaptive to changes in seabed scouring and deposition, including:

[0031] The self-powered system 1 includes a vertical eccentric spiral blade 101, a rotor cross bar 102, and a rotor vertical shaft 103. The bottom of the rotor vertical shaft 103 is connected to the power generation module 2. Two rotor cross bars 102 are arranged on the outer wall of the rotor vertical shaft 103 from top to bottom. The outer walls of the three vertical eccentric spiral blades 101 are respectively installed on the triangle of the rotor cross bar 102. The power generation module 2 is electrically connected to the energy management unit 104.

[0032] The length of the vertical eccentric spiral blade 101 is 1.0-1.5m, the spiral angle is 90°, the eccentricity is 4-6cm, and the turbine efficiency is ≥35%;

[0033] The energy management unit 104 includes a supercapacitor and a lithium thionyl chloride battery pack, and is configured with a fuzzy logic controller to achieve dynamic power supply mode switching: when the flow rate is ≥0.3m / s, turbine power generation is prioritized, and when the flow rate is <0.3m / s, the thermoelectric power generation module is enabled;

[0034] The intelligent monitoring system 3 is installed on the bottom wall of the power generation module 2. It is used to collect hydrological and sediment data in real time through a multi-parameter sensor array, predict the seabed scouring and silting trend based on the LSTM deep learning model, and coordinate with the terrain adaptability system 5 and the communication module to realize dynamic calibration of the device attitude, terrain tracking monitoring and remote operation and maintenance control. The intelligent monitoring system 3 and the terrain adaptability system 5 are connected by a streamlined bracket 4.

[0035] Specifically, the vertical eccentric spiral blades 101 utilize a vertical axis design to leverage the multi-directional flow of ocean currents. The 4-6cm eccentric structure and 90° spiral angle enable the blades to generate torque regardless of the current direction. When the flow rate is ≥0.3m / s, the water flow propels the blades to rotate, driving the rotor's vertical axis 103 to drive the power generation module 2, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The turbine achieves a turbine efficiency of ≥35%. The eccentric design optimizes low-flow start-up performance and prevents stalling.

[0036] Supercapacitors act as instantaneous energy storage units to smooth out the fluctuating output of turbine power generation, while lithium-thionyl chloride batteries serve as primary energy storage, receiving stable power. A fuzzy logic controller monitors the turbine speed and the ΔT (≥5°C) of the thermoelectric generator module 2 in real time.

[0037] High flow rate mode (≥0.3m / s): The turbine generates electricity to directly charge the battery, and the excess energy is stored in the supercapacitor.

[0038] Low flow rate or still water mode: Switch to thermoelectric power generation, using the temperature difference between seawater and the electronic cabin of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric material inside the streamlined bracket 4 to generate electricity, and the supercapacitor releases buffer power to maintain power supply continuity.

[0039] This solution utilizes complementary power generation from vertical-axis turbines and thermoelectric generators, combined with supercapacitor buffer storage and a fuzzy logic controller, to achieve autonomous energy switching and long-term endurance. Existing technologies rely on periodic lithium battery replacement, resulting in frequent maintenance and data interruptions. This solution leverages ocean currents and temperature differences to provide continuous energy, eliminating the need for human intervention for five years. This addresses the core drawbacks of traditional systems, such as high O&M costs and poor data continuity.

[0040] Laser rangefinder 304: emits laser light at a frequency of 1 MHz to measure the distance between the device and the seabed (0-1.5 m, ±2 cm accuracy), and updates elevation data every 5 minutes.

[0041] ADCP velocity profiler: detects vertical velocity distribution of 0.1-5m / s through the Doppler effect, and synchronizes turbidity sensor (0-4000NTU) to quantify sediment content.

[0042] Level 303: monitors the three-dimensional attitude angle in real time, and triggers the spiral anchor mechanism to correct the level when the tilt is greater than 2°.

[0043] The input layer of the LSTM deep learning model integrates real-time terrain data (laser / sonar), historical erosion and deposition sequences, and external tidal and meteorological data. Through the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, it trains time-dependent features and outputs a 24-hour erosion and deposition rate forecast (error ≤ ±5cm). The forecast results trigger pre-adjustment instructions:

[0044] Erosion warning (>30cm / day): Start spiral anchoring and drill to a safe depth 12 hours in advance.

[0045] Siltation warning (>40cm / day): Raise the support and activate the high-pressure water jet to remove silt on the surface of the anchor structure.

[0046] The present invention adopts a technical solution that combines a terrain adaptability system with an LSTM prediction model. By real-time monitoring of seabed height changes and predicting scouring and silting trends, it dynamically adjusts the anchoring depth of the bracket. Compared with the passive mode of traditional brackets that only rely on their own weight for fixation, this solves the problems of downward movement caused by scouring and landfill caused by siltation, ensuring that the probe is always at an effective monitoring height, avoiding the risk of data interruption and equipment damage.

[0047] The terrain adaptability system 5 is in the form of a carbon fiber tripod, with a conical spiral anchor head (spiral lifting module 502) at the end, with a pitch of 0.1m. The drilling or lifting is controlled by the lifting motor drive module 501 (rotation speed 5-20rpm):

[0048] Seabed scour response: When the laser rangefinder 304 detects that the probe height is greater than 0.5 m, the lifting motor drive module 501 drives the spiral lifting module 502 to drill down and return to the safe monitoring height.

[0049] Seabed sedimentation response: When the probe height is less than 0.5m, the streamlined bracket 4 is raised by rotating in the opposite direction, and the self-cleaning program is started simultaneously, and the sediment of the anchoring structure is cleared by a high-pressure water jet.

[0050] The spiral anchor structure has a maximum anchoring depth of 2.0m and an anti-overturning moment of ≥200N·m. Data from the level 303 is fed back to the control core in real time, dynamically adjusting the independent drilling depth of the tripod support to ensure a horizontal error of ≤1°.

[0051] Please see the attached Figure 3 -Attached Figure 4 The intelligent monitoring system 3 includes a shell 301, which is installed at the bottom of the power generation module 2. A spirit level 303 is set at the center of the bottom of the shell 301. A sediment density detector 302, a laser rangefinder 304, a multi-point terrain detector 305, a flow rate monitor 306, a wave monitor 307 and a tide level monitor 308 are arranged in a circular array around the spirit level 303 at the bottom of the shell 301. The shell 301 has a built-in underwater acoustic communication unit and a satellite communication unit.

[0052] Specifically, the level 303 incorporates a three-axis MEMS accelerometer and gyroscope, which monitor the device's three-dimensional attitude angles (pitch, roll, and yaw) in real time with an accuracy of ±1°. When the tilt exceeds 2°, the spiral anchor mechanism triggers independent lifting and lowering adjustments, restoring the device's horizontal position by adjusting the drilling depth of the higher side of the tripod. The sediment density detector 302, based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology, transmits a 970nm wavelength optical signal through the water, receives the scattered light intensity, and inverts the suspended sediment concentration (0-4000 NTU) while simultaneously measuring the particle size distribution (0.03-0.10 mm). The laser rangefinder 304 emits 1MHz high-frequency laser pulses vertically downward, measuring the round-trip time from the device bottom to the seabed and calculating the real-time distance (0-1.5 m, ±2 cm accuracy). Combined with sonar array data from the multi-point terrain detector 305, a local seabed elevation model is constructed.

[0053] Sensor array data (topography, current velocity, turbidity, etc.) is integrated with external tide tables and weather forecasts and fed into an LSTM deep learning model, which outputs a 24-hour forecast of erosion and deposition rates. The model uses transfer learning to adapt to different marine characteristics (e.g., estuaries and continental shelves).

[0054] Please see the attached Figure 2 -Attached Figure 3 and attached Figure 6 The streamlined bracket 4 includes a plurality of bracket diagonal braces 401, and one end of the plurality of bracket diagonal braces 401 is arranged in an equidistant circular array on the outer wall of the shell 301. The outer wall of the shell 301 has a plurality of horizontal brackets 402 in an equidistant circular array at one end, and the other end of the bracket diagonal braces 401 and the horizontal bracket 402 is connected to a vertical bracket 403.

[0055] The streamlined bracket 4 is designed using a third-order curve equation. A temperature difference power generation module made of bismuth telluride thermoelectric material is embedded inside the streamlined bracket 4. When the temperature difference ΔT between seawater and the electronic component compartment is ≥5°C, the output power is ≥10W. The surface of the streamlined bracket 4 is coated with a polydimethylsiloxane anti-biological adhesion coating.

[0056] Specifically, the diagonal support 401, the horizontal support 402 and the vertical support 403 are arranged in an equidistant circular array to form a three-legged symmetrical support structure. Combined with the third-order curve equation (y=-7E-05x 3 +0.0014x 2 The cross-sectional shape of the support 4 (x = 0.5171x) optimizes fluid dynamics, suppresses vortex generation, and reduces water flow resistance. The streamlined support 4 disperses the water flow impact load through the triangular topological distribution of the support diagonal brace 401, the horizontal support 402, and the vertical support 403, and the anti-overturning moment is ≥ 200 N·m.

[0057] Bismuth telluride thermoelectric material is embedded in the internal cavity of the streamlined bracket 4. The temperature difference between seawater and the electronic component cabin (ΔT ≥ 5°C) is used to generate an electric potential difference through the Seebeck effect, with an output power ≥ 10W.

[0058] The polydimethylsiloxane coating inhibits the attachment of marine organisms such as barnacles and algae through its low surface energy properties, reducing maintenance frequency.

[0059] Please see the attached Figure 2 -Attached Figure 3 The terrain adaptability system 5 includes a lifting motor drive module 501 . The top of the lifting motor drive module 501 is installed at the bottom of the vertical bracket 403 . The output end of the lifting motor drive module 501 is connected to the spiral lifting module 502 .

[0060] Specifically, after the device is deployed to the target sea area by an autonomous underwater vehicle, it sinks to the seabed surface by its own weight, starts the terrain adaptability system 5, drives and controls the spiral lifting module 502 to rotate and drill down through the lifting motor drive module 501, and dynamically adjusts the anchoring depth and calibrates the horizontal posture in combination with the initial terrain scanning data of the laser depth sounder and sonar array.

[0061] During operation, the LSTM deep learning model integrates real-time topographic data, historical erosion and deposition sequences, and external meteorological and tidal information to predict seabed erosion and deposition trends over the next 24 hours. If the predicted erosion rate exceeds a threshold, the terrain adaptability system 5 will be lowered to a safe depth in advance. If the predicted deposition rate exceeds the threshold, the streamlined support 4 will be raised, triggering a high-pressure water jet to remove sediment.

[0062] When the predicted sedimentation rate exceeds the standard, the spiral lifting module rotates to drive the entire device to lift upward. However, at this time, since the sedimentation is relatively soft, if the spiral lifting module is a traditional integrated threaded rod, when it continues to move upward and leaves the solid seabed soil until it is completely in the soft sedimentation, the soft sedimentation cannot provide effective support, which will cause the entire device to easily overturn. Therefore, the spiral lifting module 502 of the present invention is composed of an upper and lower part, including an upper threaded rod 5021 and a lower threaded rod 5022. The lower end of the upper threaded rod 5021 is provided with a stud 5023, and the lower threaded rod 5022 is provided with a stud 5024. The top through-hole is provided with a screw hole 5024, and the outer wall of the stud 5023 is threadedly connected to the screw hole 5024, and the rotation direction of the outer wall thread of the stud 5023 is the same as the rotation direction of the thread of the lower threaded rod 5022. The interior of the upper threaded rod 5021 and the lower threaded rod 5022 are interconnected hollow structures. The two ends of the connecting rope 5025 are respectively connected to the inner surface of the upper threaded rod 5021 and the inner surface of the lower threaded rod 5022. When the stud of the upper threaded rod is screwed out of the screw hole of the lower threaded rod a certain distance, the connecting rope 5025 is tightened, thereby preventing the upper threaded rod from further separating from the lower threaded rod, thereby preventing the spiral lifting module from disintegrating. The rapid rotation of the three spiral lifting modules 502 can provide power for the device of the present application, realizing the lifting and lowering of the entire device.

[0063] Working Principle: After being deployed to the target sea area via an autonomous underwater vehicle, the device sinks to the seabed surface under its own weight, activating the terrain adaptability system 5. The lift motor drive module 501 drives the spiral lift module 502 to rotate and drill down. Initial terrain scan data from the laser depth sounder and sonar array are used to dynamically adjust the anchoring depth and calibrate the horizontal attitude. After deployment, the vertical eccentric spiral blades 101 on the self-powered system 1 capture the kinetic energy of the ocean water. The thermoelectric power generation module 2 generates electricity using the temperature difference between the seawater and the electronics compartment. A fuzzy logic controller dynamically switches the power supply mode based on the real-time flow rate, prioritizing turbine power generation when the flow rate is high and enabling thermoelectric power generation when the flow rate is low. The supercapacitor buffers the energy, and the lithium-ion battery pack serves as the main power source, ensuring stable power supply.

[0064] During operation, a laser depth sounder and sonar array continuously scan the seabed topography. A level meter 303 monitors the device's tilt in real time. A multi-parameter sensor, including a flow rate monitor 306, a turbidity sensor, a sediment density meter 302, a multi-point terrain detector 305, a wave monitor 307, and a tide monitor 308, simultaneously collects hydrological and sediment data. An LSTM deep learning model integrates real-time topographic data, historical erosion and deposition sequences, and external meteorological and tidal information to predict seabed erosion and deposition trends over the next 24 hours. When the predicted erosion rate exceeds a threshold, the spiral lift module 502 is lowered to a safe depth in advance. When the predicted deposition rate exceeds the threshold, the spiral lift module 502 rotates upward, raising the streamlined support 4 and triggering a high-pressure water jet to remove sediment. An energy margin prediction algorithm dynamically adjusts sensor power consumption based on historical energy consumption, shutting down non-critical equipment under extreme operating conditions to ensure continuous collection of critical data.

[0065] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-powered hydrological detection device that is adaptive to changes in seabed scouring and silting, characterized in that: include: A self-powered system (1) comprising a vertical axis eccentric spiral blade (101), a rotor cross bar (102) and a rotor vertical axis (103), wherein the bottom of the rotor vertical axis (103) is connected to a power generation module (2), two rotor cross bars (102) are sequentially arranged on the outer wall of the rotor vertical axis (103) from top to bottom, and the outer walls of three vertical axis eccentric spiral blades (101) are respectively mounted on the triangle of the rotor cross bar (102), and the power generation module (2) is electrically connected to an energy management unit (104); An intelligent monitoring system (3) is installed on the bottom wall of the power generation module (2) and is used to collect hydrological sediment data in real time through a multi-parameter sensor array, predict the seabed scouring and silting trend based on an LSTM deep learning model, and coordinate with a terrain adaptability system (5) and a communication module to achieve dynamic calibration of the device attitude, terrain tracking monitoring, and remote operation and maintenance control. The intelligent monitoring system (3) and the terrain adaptability system (5) are connected by a streamlined bracket (4); The terrain adaptability system (5) comprises a lifting motor drive module (501), the top of the lifting motor drive module (501) is mounted on the bottom of the streamlined bracket (4), and the output end of the lifting motor drive module (501) is connected to a threaded lifting module (502); The threaded lifting module (502) is composed of an upper and lower part, which includes an upper threaded rod (5021) and a lower threaded rod (5022). The lower end of the upper threaded rod (5021) is provided with a stud (5023), and the top through hole of the lower threaded rod (5022) is provided with a screw hole (5024). The outer wall of the stud (5023) is threadedly connected in the screw hole (5024), and the rotation direction of the outer wall thread of the stud (5023) is consistent with the rotation direction of the thread of the lower threaded rod (5022). The interiors of the upper threaded rod (5021) and the lower threaded rod (5022) are interconnected hollow structures, and the two ends of the connecting rope (5025) are respectively connected to the inner surface of the upper threaded rod (5021) and the inner surface of the lower threaded rod (5022). Through the rapid rotation of the three threaded lifting modules (502), power can be provided to the self-powered hydrological detection device, realizing the lifting and oblique movement of the self-powered hydrological detection device as a whole, thereby facilitating the recovery or movement of the monitoring position.

2. The self-powered hydrological detection device that is adaptive to seabed scouring and silting changes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring system (3) comprises a housing (301), the housing (301) being mounted on the bottom of the power generation module (2), a level meter (303) being provided at the center of the bottom of the housing (301), a sediment density detector (302), a laser rangefinder (304), a multi-point terrain detector (305), a flow rate monitor (306), a wave monitor (307) and a tide level monitor (308) being arranged in a circular array around the level meter (303) at the bottom of the housing (301), and an underwater acoustic communication unit and a satellite communication unit being built in the housing (301).

3. The self-powered hydrological detection device that is adaptive to seabed scouring and silting changes according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The streamlined support (4) comprises a plurality of support diagonal braces (401), one end of the plurality of support diagonal braces (401) being arranged in an equidistant annular array on the outer wall of the housing (301), the outer wall of the housing (301) being provided with a plurality of horizontal braces (402) in an equidistant annular array at one end, and the other ends of the support diagonal braces (401) and the horizontal braces (402) being connected to a vertical brace (403).

4. The self-powered hydrological detection device that is adaptive to seabed scouring and silting changes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vertical eccentric spiral blade (101) has a length of 1.0-1.5 m, a spiral angle of 90°, an eccentricity of 4-6 cm, and a turbine efficiency of ≥35%.

5. The self-powered hydrological detection device that is adaptive to seabed scouring and silting changes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy management unit (104) comprises a supercapacitor and a lithium thionyl chloride battery pack, and is configured with a fuzzy logic controller to implement dynamic power supply mode switching: when the flow rate is ≥0.3 m / s, turbine power generation is prioritized, and when the flow rate is <0.3 m / s, the temperature difference power generation module is enabled.

6. The self-powered hydrological detection device that is adaptive to seabed scouring and silting changes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The streamlined bracket (4) is designed using a third-order curve equation. A temperature difference power generation module composed of bismuth telluride thermoelectric material is embedded in the streamlined bracket (4). When the temperature difference ΔT between seawater and the electronic component cabin is ≥5°C, the output power is ≥10W. The surface of the streamlined bracket (4) is coated with a polydimethylsiloxane anti-biological adhesion coating.

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