Oil-phase material for ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, preparation method of oil-phase material, ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive comprising oil-phase material and preparation method of ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive

Abstract

The invention provides an oil-phase material for an ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, a preparation method of the oil-phase material, the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive containing the oil-phase material and a preparation method of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive. Wherein the oil phase material is a solution comprising a double-soluble auxiliary agent, a solubilizing auxiliary agent, an interface stabilizing auxiliary agent, water, oil and a pour point depressing auxiliary agent, and based on 100 parts by weight, the oil phase material comprises 10 to 30 parts by weight of the double-soluble auxiliary agent, 1 to 30 parts by weight of the solubilizing auxiliary agent, 1 to 10 parts by weight of the interface stabilizing auxiliary agent, 1 to 70 parts by weight of the water and 10 to 70 parts by weight of the oil. The weight part of the pour point depressing aid is 0.1-5 parts. The oil-phase material can be mutually soluble with water under the influence of the double-soluble additive and the solubilizing additive, and the oil-phase material with polarity similar to that of the porous granular ammonium nitrate is obtained through the content of each component, so that the oil-phase material can be easily adsorbed with the porous granular nitric acid and can be tightly combined with the porous structure of the porous granular ammonium nitrate; therefore, the detonation performance and the storage stability of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive can be greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical fields of mining and construction blasting, and specifically relates to an oil-phase material, a preparation method thereof, an explosive, and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is an explosive widely used in the fields of mining and construction blasting. It mainly consists of porous granular ammonium nitrate and forms an explosive with stable performance by mixing with oil-phase materials such as diesel oil and machine oil.

[0003] At present, although certain improvements have been achieved in ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO), there are still many limitations. Diesel oil, as the oil-phase material of ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO), although it has advantages such as wide source, low price, and high calorific value, due to the low oil absorption rate of porous granular ammonium nitrate, it is easy to cause uneven mixing, thus affecting the performance of the explosive. In recent years, various alternative materials have emerged to improve the detonation effect of ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO), including waste oil, biomass fuel, pulverized coal, and emulsified diesel. The introduction of waste oils such as waste mineral oil and waste cooking oil not only reduces costs but also realizes resource recycling. However, the sources of waste oils are unstable, their properties vary greatly, and the emissions of harmful gases after explosion are relatively high, thus affecting their application in ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO). Biomass fuels such as biodiesel, wood powder, and bamboo charcoal powder have higher environmental friendliness. The calorific value of biodiesel is close to that of diesel oil, its flash point is higher, and its safety is good, but its high cost limits its application in industry. Wood powder and bamboo charcoal powder can improve the looseness and sensitivity of ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) due to their high specific surface area and porous structure, but they need to be pulverized into smaller particles, resulting in significant dust pollution and moisture absorption problems. Pulverized coal, as another fuel, has a high calorific value, sufficient sources, and stable prices, and its application in ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) can improve the detonation performance, but the problems of dust pollution and moisture absorption and caking caused by processing still need to be solved. Emulsified diesel is a milky liquid formed by mixing diesel oil and water through an emulsifier, with relatively high safety and good detonation effect, but the problem of its uniform mixing with porous granular ammonium nitrate still remains difficult.

[0004] Generally speaking, although the existing alternative materials have achieved certain results in improving the performance of ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO), there are still deficiencies in terms of raw material stability, uniform mixing, and environmental friendliness, which limit their further popularization and application. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to at least solve the problem in the above-mentioned prior art or related art that pure diesel is no longer suitable as the oil-phase material of ammonium nitrate fuel oil based on the current development needs.

[0006] To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides an oil phase material for ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive. The oil phase material is a solution including a dual-soluble auxiliary agent, a solubilizing auxiliary agent, an interfacial stability auxiliary agent, water, oil, and a pour point depressant. Based on 100 parts by weight, the weight of the dual-soluble auxiliary agent is 10 to 30 parts, the weight of the solubilizing auxiliary agent is 1 to 30 parts, the weight of the interfacial stability auxiliary agent is 1 to 10 parts, the weight of water is 1 to 70 parts, the weight of oil is 10 to 70 parts, and the weight of the pour point depressant is 0.1 to 5 parts.

[0007] In some embodiments, the dual-soluble auxiliary agent includes at least one of propylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, tripropylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl ether, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate; and / or the solubilizing auxiliary agent includes at least one of an ester compound and an amphoteric molecule; and / or the interfacial stability auxiliary agent includes at least one of an alkyl phosphate, an amino silane, and a block copolymer; and / or the pour point depressant includes at least one of a fatty amide, a maleic anhydride copolymer, and a polyacrylate; and / or the oil includes at least one of diesel oil, white oil, machine oil, coal-derived oil, and vegetable oil.

[0008] In some embodiments, the pour point of the oil phase material is -35°C to -20°C, and the flash point is 95°C - 150°C.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, a preparation method of an oil phase material for ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is provided. The preparation method includes the following steps: mixing a dual-soluble auxiliary agent, a solubilizing auxiliary agent, an interfacial stability auxiliary agent, water, oil, and a pour point depressant to obtain an oil phase material for explosive.

[0010] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the dual-soluble auxiliary agent, the solubilizing auxiliary agent, the interfacial stability auxiliary agent, water, oil, and the pour point depressant is (10 - 30):(1 - 30):(1 - 10):(1 - 70):(10 - 70):(0.1 - 5).

[0011] In some embodiments, the dual-solubility aid includes at least one of propylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, tripropylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl ether, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate; and / or, the solubilization aid includes at least one of an ester compound and an amphiphilic molecule; and / or, the interfacial stabilization aid includes at least one of an alkyl phosphate, an amino silane, and a block copolymer; and / or, the pour point depressant includes at least one of a fatty amide, a maleic anhydride copolymer, and a polyacrylate; and / or, the oil includes at least one of diesel oil, white oil, machine oil, coal-derived oil, and vegetable oil.

[0012] In some embodiments, the pour point of the oil phase material is -35°C to -20°C, and the flash point is 95°C - 150°C.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the third aspect of the present application, an ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is provided, wherein the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive includes porous granular ammonium nitrate and an oil phase material filled in the porous structure of the porous granular ammonium nitrate, and the oil phase material is the oil phase material described above, or is an oil phase material prepared by the preparation method of the oil phase material described above.

[0014] In some embodiments, based on 100 parts by weight, the weight of the porous granular ammonium nitrate is 93 parts - 97 parts, and the weight of the oil phase material is 3 parts - 7 parts.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present application, a preparation method of an ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is provided, wherein the preparation method includes: mixing porous granular ammonium nitrate and an oil phase material so that the oil phase material is adsorbed into the porous structure of the porous granular ammonium nitrate, thereby obtaining an explosive in which the porous structure of the porous granular ammonium nitrate is filled with the oil phase material, and the oil phase material is the oil phase material described above, or is an oil phase material prepared by the preparation method of the oil phase material described above. Detailed Description

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] According to the first aspect of the present application, an oil-phase material for manufacturing ANFO is provided. Among them, as a key functional component in the explosive formulation, the oil-phase material has a decisive influence on key detonation parameters such as the stability, mechanical sensitivity, and detonation velocity of the explosive. In the present application, the oil-phase material is a solution comprising a dual-soluble aid, a solubilizing aid, an interfacial stabilizing aid, water, oil, and a pour point depressant. Based on 100 parts by weight, the weight parts of the dual-soluble aid are 10 parts - 30 parts, the weight parts of the solubilizing aid are 1 part - 30 parts, the weight parts of the interfacial stabilizing aid are 1 part - 10 parts, the weight parts of water are 1 part - 70 parts, the weight parts of oil are 10 parts - 70 parts, and the weight parts of the pour point depressant are 0.1 part - 5 parts.

[0018] In the present application, the dual-soluble aid, the solubilizing aid, the interfacial stabilizing aid, the oil, and the pour point depressant exist in the solution in molecular form.

[0019] According to the oil-phase material for explosives provided by the embodiments of the present application, a solution formed by compounding a dual-soluble aid, a solubilizing aid, an interfacial stabilizing aid, water, oil, and a pour point depressant is used as the oil-phase material of the present application. Among them, the dual-soluble aid is used as the solvent, and the solubilizing aid, the interfacial stabilizing aid, water, oil, and the pour point depressant are used as solutes. The dual-soluble aid can fully dissolve these solutes such as the solubilizing aid, the interfacial stabilizing aid, water, oil, and the pour point depressant to form a homogeneous and transparent solution as the oil-phase material. It can be understood that each component in the oil-phase material is uniformly dispersed in the dual-soluble aid at the molecular scale. And with the auxiliary action of the solubilizer, it can dissolve more solutes, especially more water and oil. In addition, the interfacial stabilizing aid can reduce the repulsive force between water and oil, enabling the two to be dispersed in the dual-soluble aid at the same time, which helps to stabilize the oil-water micro interface, further preventing the oil-phase material from stratifying or phase-separating during use, ensuring the stability of the oil-phase material for explosives, and thus ensuring the stability and detonation performance of the formed ANFO. And, the pour point depressant can make the oil-phase material not easily crystallize at low temperatures, and can improve the low-temperature stability and storage stability. In the oil-phase material, especially the oil can be co-dissolved with water in the dual-soluble aid with the auxiliary action of the interfacial stabilizing aid and the solubilizing aid to form the oil-phase material for ANFO.

[0020] According to the present application, each component in the oil-phase material has appropriate weight parts, and an oil-phase material with a polarity similar to that of porous granular ammonium nitrate can be obtained. Therefore, it is easy to adsorb with porous granular ammonium nitrate and can be tightly combined with the porous structure of porous granular ammonium nitrate, thereby greatly improving the detonation performance and storage stability of the explosive. In addition, it can further improve the fluidity, dispersibility, and low-temperature stability of the oil-phase material, thus ensuring its stable storage in a low-temperature environment for a long time.

[0021] In addition, by rationally compounding double-soluble additives, solubilizing additives, pour point depressants, and interfacial stability additives, not only is the compatibility between oil and water improved, but the system is also endowed with stronger low-temperature resistance and interfacial stability. It combines performance optimization and formulation flexibility, and the component ratios can be adjusted according to actual needs to achieve customized applications.

[0022] According to the embodiments of the present application, in the oil-phase material in the form of a solution, different from the solutions using water or oil as solvents in the traditional solvent system, the present application uses a double-soluble additive as the solvent for oil-water compatibility. It has non-polar and polar parts, and the functional groups of these two parts not only balance each other but also play their inherent roles respectively. Therefore, it can effectively dissolve two substances with different polarities, namely non-polar substances (oil) and polar substances (water), break the natural isolation between oil and water, promote their mixing, and this mixed state can remain stable under certain conditions (such as temperature, pressure, concentration, etc.), without obvious phase separation or solubility change. The double-soluble additive can significantly reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. The reduction of the interfacial tension helps to reduce the mutual repulsion between the two, thus promoting the long-term stable dispersion of oil and water in the double-soluble additive, and further improving the overall storage stability of the oil-phase material. The oil-phase material for explosives made by introducing high-polarity components such as water into oil using the double-soluble additive has a relatively high polarity, which is similar to that of porous granular ammonium nitrate. It can accelerate the adsorption rate of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the oil-phase material. Compared with diesel, the spillage rate is greatly reduced, and the detonation performance and storage stability of ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) can be significantly improved.

[0023] In some embodiments, the double-soluble additive includes at least one of propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPH), propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether (PE), dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPM), tripropylene glycol methyl ether (TPM), dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether (DMM), propylene glycol butyl ether (PNB), dipropylene glycol butyl ether (DPNB), tripropylene glycol butyl ether (TPNB), ethylene glycol phenyl ether (EPH), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEM), ethylene glycol propyl ether (PRCS), ethylene glycol ethyl ether (ECS), diethylene glycol ethyl ether (EDG), ethylene glycol butyl ether (EB), diethylene glycol butyl ether (DB), triethylene glycol butyl ether (BIG), and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA).

[0024] In these embodiments, the exemplified double-soluble additives can better disperse oil and water and are easy to obtain, and this dispersed state has good stability under certain conditions (such as temperature, pressure, concentration, etc.), and is not prone to obvious phase separation or solubility change. Therefore, they are more suitable as raw materials for the oil-phase material of explosives.

[0025] According to the present application, the solubilizing aid can act together with the amphiphilic aid to promote the mixing between oil and water by reducing the interfacial tension between oil and water, and significantly increase the mutual solubility ratio of oil and water, breaking through the solubility limitation of the traditional oil-water system, and can prevent the oil-phase material from stratifying during long-term storage, thereby helping to form a more uniform and stable solution as the oil-phase material of the explosive. In addition, the solubilizing aid can also significantly enhance the low-temperature fluidity of the oil-phase material, preventing the oil-phase material from solidifying or crystallizing under low-temperature conditions, thereby helping to ensure the performance stability of the explosive in a low-temperature environment.

[0026] In some embodiments, the solubilizing aid includes at least one of an ester compound and an amphoteric molecule. Specifically, the ester compound includes at least one of ethyl acetate, butyl propionate, octyl propionate, and methyl butyrate; the amphoteric molecule includes at least one of octyl glucoside and sodium cocoyl methyl glycinate.

[0027] According to the present application, the amphiphilic aid and the interfacial stabilizing aid can cooperate with each other to effectively reduce the interfacial tension of the system, and at the same time form a dynamically stable interfacial film to prevent phase separation, improve the physicochemical stability during storage, and ensure that no phase separation occurs during transportation and long-term storage of the system.

[0028] In some embodiments, the interfacial stabilizing aid is used to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water and improve stability. As an example, the interfacial stabilizing aid includes at least one of alkyl phosphates (dioctyl phosphate, trialkyl phosphate), aminosilanes (trimethoxymethylsilane, octyltriethoxysilane), and block copolymers (PEG-PPG block copolymer, block vinyl polymer). These interfacial stabilizing aids can prevent the oil-phase material from stratifying during long-term storage, thereby helping to ensure the performance stability of the explosive during storage to achieve long-term stable storage.

[0029] In a low-temperature environment, if the viscosity of the oil-phase material of the ANFO is too high and it loses fluidity, it will lead to a decrease in mixing uniformity. In this case, in the prepared ANFO, the porous ammonium nitrate particles are difficult to be fully wrapped, the contact area between the oxidizer and the fuel is reduced, affecting the detonation efficiency. At the same time, too high an oil-phase viscosity may cause ammonium nitrate to cake, with voids or cracks generated inside, hindering the continuous propagation of the detonation wave and even causing misfire. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the fluidity of the oil-phase material at low temperature, and thus it can help to maintain the stability of the explosive with this oil-phase material.

[0030] According to the present application, the pour point depressant in the oil-phase material can at least be used to lower the freezing point of the oil-phase material, and by inhibiting low-temperature crystallization and changing the crystal structure, significantly reduce the low-temperature freezing point of the oil-phase material, ensuring that the system still maintains good fluidity and no phase separation phenomenon in a cold environment, and is suitable for practical applications in low-temperature regions.

[0031] As an example, the pour point depressant in the oil phase material can make the freezing point of the oil phase material range from -35°C to -20°C, improve its low-temperature rheological properties, ensure that it can still maintain good fluidity in a low-temperature environment (-30°C to 0°C), avoid problems such as oil phase material stratification, poor fluidity, and uneven adsorption when it is applied in porous granular ammonium nitrate explosives, and improve the adaptability of the oil phase material in use. This is crucial for the storage, transportation, and use of explosives, especially when used in cold regions or in winter, it can ensure the normal use performance of explosives. In addition, the pour point depressant can also improve the anti-crystallization property of the oil phase material, prevent the explosives from crystallizing or solidifying due to temperature fluctuations during storage, thereby extending the storage life of the explosives. This is particularly important for explosives that need to be stored for a long time. In this way, it can ensure that they can still maintain good use performance when needed.

[0032] In some embodiments, the pour point depressant includes at least one of fatty acid amides (such as N-octadecylamide, N-palmitamide), maleic anhydride copolymers (such as maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer), and polyacrylates.

[0033] In addition, the viscosity of the oil phase material according to the present application at 20°C is 10 mm 2 ·s -1 to 30 mm 2 ·s -1 , with such a viscosity, it can further improve the fluidity of the oil phase material at low temperature, thereby ensuring the stability and detonation performance of the explosives.

[0034] According to the present application, the solubilizing agent and the pour point depressant can not only improve the long-term storage and low-temperature resistance of the oil phase material, but also show significant advantages in the adsorption performance between it and porous granular ammonium nitrate. As an example, the adsorption amount of the oil phase material in porous granular ammonium nitrate is 85 mg·g -1 to 105 mg·g -1 , that is, 1 g of ammonium nitrate can adsorb at most 85 mg - 105 mg of the oil phase material. The adsorption rate of the oil phase material in porous granular ammonium nitrate is 95 mg·(g·min) -1 to 120 mg·(g·min) -1 .

[0035] According to the present application, in the oil phase material for the above-mentioned porous granular ANFO, the oil serves as the dispersed phase, and it can be co-dissolved with water in the dual-soluble auxiliary agent. In the present application, the oil has a negative oxygen balance, the porous granular ammonium nitrate has a positive oxygen balance, and the oil is an important component for adjusting the ANFO prepared from the oil phase material to be close to zero oxygen balance. In addition, the oil serves as a reducing agent in the ANFO prepared from the oil phase material and is a reactant participating in the explosion process. As an example, the oil is selected from at least one of diesel oil, white oil, machine oil, coal-based oil, and vegetable oil. Preferably, the type of the selected oil can be adjusted according to the viscosity requirement of the oil phase material.

[0036] According to the present application, the introduction of the polar component water adjusts the polarity of the oil phase material, making the oil phase material more easily absorbed by the porous granular ammonium nitrate, accelerating the adsorption rate of the porous granular ammonium nitrate to the oil phase material, thereby improving the mixing uniformity of the ANFO and significantly optimizing the overall performance (detonation performance and storage stability) of the system.

[0037] According to the present application, the flash point of the oil phase material is 95°C - 150°C, far exceeding the flash point requirement of 60°C for dangerous chemicals, thereby greatly improving the safety of ANFO during transportation, storage, and use.

[0038] According to the present application, specifically, a clear and transparent solution composed of a dual-soluble auxiliary agent, a solubilizing auxiliary agent, an interfacial stabilizing auxiliary agent, water, oil, and a pour point depressant is used as the oil phase material for ANFO. Adding the dual-soluble auxiliary agent and the solubilizing auxiliary agent in a specific proportion can significantly increase the mutual solubility ratio of oil and water, break through the solubility limit of the traditional oil-water system, and form a stable dual-soluble system. The intermolecular interaction can significantly improve the interfacial compatibility with the porous granular ammonium nitrate, enhancing the adsorption efficiency and mixing uniformity. The optimized oil phase not only has a higher flash point and lower volatility but also can reduce the emission of harmful gases after explosion.

[0039] Specifically, during the blending process of the oil phase material and the porous granular ammonium nitrate, the oil phase material can more evenly cover the porous granular ammonium nitrate particles, thereby improving the detonation performance and stability of the on-site mixed ANFO. It solves the problems of uneven blending and easy desorption between diesel oil and porous granular ammonium nitrate. At the same time, the pour point depressant effectively improves the low-temperature stability and anti-crystallization ability of the system, reduces the freezing point of the system by more than 10°C, is applicable to a more severe operating environment, improves the storage stability of the oil phase material, and ensures that there is no phase separation phenomenon after the oil phase material is stored for more than two years.

[0040] According to the second aspect of the present application, a preparation method for an oil phase material for ANFO is provided, which is used to manufacture porous granular ANFO. Wherein, the preparation method includes the following steps: mixing a dual-soluble auxiliary agent, a solubilizing auxiliary agent, an interfacial stabilizing auxiliary agent, water, oil, and a pour point depressant to obtain an oil phase material used as an explosive.

[0041] According to the preparation method of the oil-phase material provided by the present application, a solution formed by compounding a dual-solubility aid, a solubilization aid, an interfacial stabilization aid, water, oil, and a pour point depressant is used as the oil-phase material of the present application. Among them, the dual-solubility aid serves as the solvent, and the solubilization aid, the interfacial stabilization aid, water, oil, and the pour point depressant serve as solutes. The addition of the dual-solubility aid can fully dissolve these solutes such as the solubilization aid, the interfacial stabilization aid, water, oil, and the pour point depressant, forming a homogeneous and transparent solution as the oil-phase material. It can be understood that the oil-phase material is a single-phase system. And with the assistance of the solubilizer, more solutes, especially water and oil, can be dissolved. In addition, the addition of the interfacial stabilization aid can reduce the repulsive force between water and oil, enabling the two to be dispersed in the dual-solubility aid simultaneously, which helps to stabilize the oil-water micro interface and further prevent the oil-phase material from stratifying or phase-separating during use, ensuring the stability of the oil-phase material for explosives, and thus ensuring the stability of the formed ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive. It can be understood that the dual-solubility aid → solubilizer → interfacial stabilizer form a three-level dissolution-stabilization system to ensure the uniform distribution of each component at the molecular scale. In addition, the addition of the pour point depressant can make the oil-phase material not easily crystallize at low temperatures, improving the low-temperature stability and storage stability. In the oil-phase material, especially the oil can be co-dissolved with water in the dual-solubility aid with the assistance of the interfacial stabilization aid and the solubilization aid, forming the oil-phase material for ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive.

[0042] According to the present application, a solution formed by compounding a dual-solubility aid, a solubilization aid, an interfacial stabilization aid, water, oil, and a pour point depressant is used as the oil-phase material of the present application to replace the existing oil-phase material of explosives. The oil-phase material has a relatively large polarity, which is similar to the polarity of porous granular ammonium nitrate. Therefore, it has good adsorption and compatibility with porous granular ammonium nitrate. At the same time, the oil-phase material has good low-temperature stability, storage stability (not easily undergoing phase separation), and fluidity, and can be closely combined with the porous structure of porous granular ammonium nitrate, which can greatly improve the detonation performance and storage stability of ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive.

[0043] Hereinafter, the preparation method of the oil-phase material according to the present application will be described in combination with specific steps.

[0044] According to the preparation method of the oil-phase material provided by the present application, the preparation process does not require complex operations such as heating, long-term mechanical stirring, or slow addition of the water phase. Only by directly blending each component evenly in proportion, a stable dual-solubility system can be obtained. The operation is simple and efficient, and it is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the step of mixing a double-soluble auxiliary agent, a solubilizing auxiliary agent, an interfacial stabilizing auxiliary agent, water, oil, and a pour point depressant to obtain an oil-phase material for use as an explosive specifically includes mixing the solubilizing auxiliary agent, the interfacial stabilizing auxiliary agent, water, oil, and the pour point depressant into a mixed solution, and adding the mixed solution to the double-soluble auxiliary agent to obtain the oil-phase material for use as an explosive.

[0046] Further, a solubilizer, an interfacial enhancer, a pour point depressant, water, and diesel are successively added to a stirring container, and stirred at a rotation speed of 20 r / min - 35 r / min for 2 minutes - 3 minutes to preliminarily mix the components and obtain a mixed solution; subsequently, the double-soluble auxiliary agent is added to the mixed solution, and the stirring speed is increased to 40 r / min - 60 r / min, and continuously stirred for 10 minutes - 15 minutes to ensure the uniformity and stability of the system. During the stirring process, the temperature should be controlled within an appropriate range (20°C to 40°C) to avoid component volatilization caused by high temperature or phase separation caused by low temperature. After the stirring is completed, the transparency and uniformity of the system should be observed, and it is confirmed that there is no stratification, precipitation, or sedimentation, and a stable double-soluble system is obtained.

[0047] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the double-soluble auxiliary agent, the solubilizing auxiliary agent, the interfacial stabilizing auxiliary agent, water, oil, and the pour point depressant is (10 - 30):(1 - 30):(1 - 10):(1 - 70):(10 - 70):(0.1 - 5). In this way, a stable oil-phase material that can be used for explosives can be formed.

[0048] According to the third aspect of the present application, an explosive is provided, specifically a porous ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive. Among them, the explosive includes porous granular ammonium nitrate and an oil-phase material filled in the porous structure of the porous granular ammonium nitrate. The oil-phase material is the oil-phase material described in the above embodiments, or is an oil-phase material prepared by the preparation method of the oil-phase material for porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive described in the above embodiments. Here, the oil-phase material has good dispersibility, adsorption and compatibility with porous granular ammonium nitrate, low-temperature stability, and good fluidity, and can be used to improve the physical and chemical properties of the explosive. For example, it can be closely combined with the porous structure of porous granular ammonium nitrate and evenly distributed, and can greatly improve the detonation performance and storage stability of ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO). In addition, the oil-phase material can release a large amount of energy during the explosion process of the explosive to meet the blasting requirements of different depths and scales.

[0049] According to the present application, the porous ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive has good flowability and no caking phenomenon. This benefits from the moderate viscosity and fluidity of the oil-phase material, which can not only evenly wrap the ammonium nitrate particles to form a continuous oil film, but also not hinder the flowability of the particles due to excessive viscosity. At the same time, the oil-phase material and ammonium nitrate have similar polarities, so they can spontaneously wet the surface of ammonium nitrate and quickly penetrate into the pores to form a uniform adsorption layer.

[0050] In some embodiments, based on 100 parts by weight, the weight of porous granular ammonium nitrate is 93 to 97 parts, and the weight of the oil-phase material is 3 to 7 parts. In this way, the detonation velocity and power of the explosive can be adjusted to a certain extent, enabling the explosive to meet the requirements of different application scenarios, such as rock blasting, demolition operations, etc.

[0051] In some embodiments, the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive with the oil-phase material of the present application can maintain high stability under low-temperature conditions, with a detonation velocity reaching 3300 m / s to 3750 m / s, significantly superior to the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive added with diesel.

[0052] According to the fourth aspect of the present application, a preparation method of ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is provided, wherein the preparation method includes mixing porous granular ammonium nitrate and an oil-phase material until the oil-phase material is adsorbed into the porous structure of the porous granular ammonium nitrate, thereby obtaining an explosive in which the porous structure of the porous granular ammonium nitrate is filled with the oil-phase material.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the temperature for mixing the porous granular ammonium nitrate and the oil-phase material is -25°C to 25°C.

[0054] In the present application, during the blending process of the oil-phase material and porous granular ammonium nitrate, the polarities of the oil-phase material and the porous granular ammonium nitrate are close, the adsorption rate is fast, and the oil-phase material can more evenly cover the particle surface of the porous granular ammonium nitrate, improving the detonation performance and stability of the on-site mixed ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO).

[0055] Hereinafter, the beneficial effects of the inventive concept will be described with specific examples.

[0056] Example 1 The oil-phase material of Example 1 is formed by the following method.

[0057] Based on parts by weight, this formulation contains 20 parts of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (dual-solubility aid), 10 parts of ethyl acetate (solubilization aid), 5 parts of PPG-PEG block copolymer (interface stabilization aid), 0.5 part of N-octadecylamide (pour point depressant), 34.5 parts of diesel, and 30 parts of water. The components are uniformly mixed to prepare a highly efficient dual-soluble oil-phase material as the oil-phase material of Example 1.

[0058] Example 2 Based on parts by weight, this formulation contains 25 parts of propylene glycol methyl ether (dual-solubility aid), 15 parts of octyl glucoside (solubilization aid), 3 parts of dioctyl phosphate (interface stabilization aid), 2 parts of maleic anhydride copolymer (pour point depressant), 35 parts of diesel, and 20 parts of water. The components are uniformly mixed to prepare a low-temperature enhanced oil-phase material as the oil-phase material of Example 2.

[0059] Example 3 By weight, this formulation contains 30 parts of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (double-solubility aid), 20 parts of sodium cocoyl methyl glycinate (solubilization aid), 2 parts of trimethoxymethylsilane (interface stabilization aid), 0.5 part of fatty amide (pour point depressant), 7.5 parts of diesel oil, and 40 parts of water. The components are uniformly mixed to obtain an oil-phase material with high water content as the oil-phase material of Example 3.

[0060] Example 4 By weight, this formulation contains 15 parts of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (double-solubility aid), 5 parts of ethyl acetate (solubilization aid), 4 parts of PEG-PPG block copolymer (interface stabilization aid), 1 part of N-palmitamide (pour point depressant), 65 parts of diesel oil, and 10 parts of water. The components are uniformly mixed to obtain an oil-phase material with high oil content as the oil-phase material of Example 4.

[0061] Example 5 By weight, this formulation contains 18 parts of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (double-solubility aid), 12 parts of sodium cocoyl methyl glycinate (solubilization aid), 3 parts of dioctyl phosphate (interface stabilization aid), 1 part of maleic anhydride copolymer (pour point depressant), 41 parts of diesel oil, and 25 parts of water. The components are uniformly mixed to obtain an oil-phase material of a balanced system as the oil-phase material of Example 5.

[0062] Example 6 Except that in step S100 - a different double-solubility aid is used (wherein propylene glycol methyl ether acetate is used as the double-solubility aid in this example), a clear and transparent solution is obtained by using the same method as in Example 1 as the oil-phase material of Example 6.

[0063] Example 7 Except that in step S200 - a different solubilization aid is used (wherein sodium cocoyl methyl glycinate is used as the solubilization aid in this example), a clear and transparent solution is obtained by using the same method as in Example 1 as the oil-phase material of Example 7.

[0064] Example 8 Except that in step S200 - a different interface stabilization aid is used (wherein alkyl phosphate is used as the interface stabilization aid in this example), a clear and transparent solution is obtained by using the same method as in Example 1 as the oil-phase material of Example 8.

[0065] Example 9 Except that in step S100, different pour point depressants are used (wherein ethylene-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer is used as the pour point depressant in this embodiment), the same method as in Example 1 is used to manufacture a clear and transparent solution as the oil phase material of Example 9.

[0066] Comparative Example 1 Except that the dual-solubility aid is not used, the same method as in Example 1 is used to manufacture an emulsion without the dual-solubility aid as the sample of Comparative Example 1. And the stability test results show that a white emulsion is prepared and it layers after standing at room temperature for 1 hour.

[0067] Comparative Example 2 Except that the dual-solubility aid is not used, the same method as in Example 2 is used to manufacture an emulsion without the dual-solubility aid as the sample of Comparative Example 2. And the stability test results show that a white emulsion is prepared and it layers after standing at room temperature for 1 hour.

[0068] Comparative Example 3 Except that the dual-solubility aid is not used, the same method as in Example 3 is used to manufacture an emulsion without the dual-solubility aid as the sample of Comparative Example 3. And the stability test results show that a white emulsion is prepared and it layers after standing at room temperature for 1 hour.

[0069] Comparative Example 4 Except that the dual-solubility aid is not used, the same method as in Example 4 is used to manufacture an emulsion without the dual-solubility aid as the sample of Comparative Example 4. And the stability test results show that a white emulsion is prepared and it layers after standing at room temperature for 1 hour.

[0070] Comparative Example 5 Except that the dual-solubility aid is not used, the same method as in Example 5 is used to manufacture an emulsion without the dual-solubility aid as the sample of Comparative Example 5. And the stability test results show that a white emulsion is prepared and it layers after standing at room temperature for 1 hour.

[0071] Comparative Example 6 Except that the solubilization aid is not used, the same method as in Example 1 is used to manufacture a clear and transparent oil phase as the sample of Comparative Example 6. And the stability test results show that the storage period of the sample of Comparative Example 6 is short and it is prone to layer after 2 days of storage.

[0072] Comparative Example 7 Except for not using an interfacial stabilizing agent, a clear and transparent oil phase was prepared by the same method as in Example 1 as a sample for Comparative Example 7. And the results of the stability test showed that the storage period of the sample for Comparative Example 7 was short, and it was prone to layering after 15 days of storage.

[0073] Comparative Example 8 Except for not using a pour point depressant, a clear and transparent oil phase was prepared by the same method as in Example 1 as a sample for Comparative Example 8. And the results of the stability test showed that the sample for Comparative Example 8 had poor low-temperature resistance, poor fluidity below 5°C, and the oil phase material became turbid and solidified after being placed at 0°C for 12 hours.

[0074] The properties of the oil phase materials of Examples 1 - 9 and the samples of Comparative Examples 1 - 8 were tested, and the results were recorded in Table 1 below.

[0075] Qualified judgment criteria The kinematic viscosity of the oil phase material at 20°C needs to reach 10 mm 2 / s -1 to 30 mm 2 / s -1 , the freezing point of the oil phase material needs to be lower than -20°C, and it needs to be stored statically for more than 6 months without layering.

[0076] Table 1 Performance test record form

[0077] Note: When the obtained product is an emulsion, the system has a phase stability defect and extremely poor self-dispersibility. Such a multiphase system will prevent the sample from forming a continuous and dense coating film layer, resulting in structural defects such as exposed ammonium nitrate crystals and fuel component segregation in the explosive, reducing the contact area between the oxidizer and the reducer in the detonation reaction, causing problems such as a decrease in detonation velocity, a significant reduction in initiation sensitivity, and oil spillage during the storage period. Therefore, it cannot be used as the oil phase material for explosives.

[0078] From the above examples, it can be seen that through double-soluble agents, solubilizing agents, interfacial stabilizing agents, and pour point depressants, a double-soluble system - oil phase material that can dissolve oil and water simultaneously can be prepared, and it can be used as the oil phase material for porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives. This oil phase material remains clear and transparent at -20°C and has a suitable viscosity, and the crystallization temperature of this oil phase material is relatively low and the storage stability period is relatively long.

[0079] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, Example 2 with Comparative Example 2, Example 3 with Comparative Example 3, Example 4 with Comparative Example 4, and Example 5 with Comparative Example 5 in sequence, it can be seen that after adding the dual-soluble additive, the oil-phase material changes from an emulsion to a clear and transparent solution, proving that the dual-soluble additive effectively improves the compatibility of mutually exclusive oil and water and breaks through the solubility limit of the traditional oil-water system.

[0080] In addition, the oil-phase materials with pour point depressants in Examples 1-9 have a low crystallization temperature, so they can maintain good fluidity and stability at low temperatures and can effectively improve the low-temperature stability and anti-crystallization ability of the system. Therefore, they are more suitable for extremely cold working environments.

[0081] As can be seen from Table 1, the crystallization temperatures of Examples 1-9 are much lower than that of Comparative Example 8, and the lack of a pour point depressant will cause the fluidity of the samples in Comparative Example 8 to deteriorate, and stratification, turbidity, and solidification will occur in a low-temperature environment (below 0 °C), and the viscosity at 20 °C will be higher than 30 mm 2 ·s -1 , which will cause the oil phase to lose its original function.

[0082] In addition, due to the presence of solubilizing additives and interfacial stabilizing additives in Examples 1-9, the stability is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 7, and it has a lower crystallization temperature.

[0083] In summary, the solution-type oil-phase materials in the present invention have advantages in terms of storage stability, fluidity, and low-temperature stability, thus being able to provide reliable technical support for the efficient and safe application of ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives.

[0084] Manufacture of ANFO Example 13 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate to a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil-phase material prepared in Example 1. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25 °C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) in Example 13.

[0085] Example 14 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate to a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil-phase material prepared in Example 2. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25 °C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) in Example 14.

[0086] Example 15 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil-phase material prepared in Example 1. After mixing evenly at a low temperature (-25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is obtained, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) in Example 15.

[0087] Example 16 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil-phase material prepared in Example 3. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is obtained, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) in Example 16.

[0088] Example 17 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil-phase material prepared in Example 4. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is obtained, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) in Example 17.

[0089] Example 18 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil-phase material prepared in Example 5. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is obtained, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) in Example 18.

[0090] Example 19 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil-phase material prepared in Example 6. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is obtained, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) in Example 19.

[0091] Example 20 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil-phase material prepared in Example 7. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is obtained, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) in Example 20.

[0092] Example 21 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil-phase material prepared in Example 8. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is obtained, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) in Example 21.

[0093] Example 22 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil phase material prepared in Example 9. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) of Example 22.

[0094] Example 23 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil phase material prepared in Example 4. After mixing evenly at low temperature (-25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) of Example 23.

[0095] Comparative Example 9 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of diesel oil. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) of Comparative Example 9.

[0096] Comparative Example 10 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of diesel oil. After mixing evenly at low temperature (0°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) of Comparative Example 10.

[0097] Comparative Example 11 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the white emulsion prepared in Comparative Example 1. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) of Comparative Example 11.

[0098] Comparative Example 12 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the white emulsion prepared in Comparative Example 2. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) of Comparative Example 12.

[0099] Comparative Example 13 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the white emulsion prepared in Comparative Example 3. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) of Comparative Example 13.

[0100] Comparative Example 14 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the white emulsion prepared in Comparative Example 4. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) of Comparative Example 14.

[0101] Comparative Example 15 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the white emulsion prepared in Comparative Example 5. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) of Comparative Example 15.

[0102] Comparative Example 16 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil phase material prepared in Comparative Example 6. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) of Comparative Example 16.

[0103] Comparative Example 17 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil phase material prepared in Comparative Example 7. After mixing evenly at room temperature (25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) of Comparative Example 17.

[0104] Comparative Example 18 Add 94.5 parts of porous granular ammonium nitrate into a PVC container, and then add 5.5 parts of the oil phase material prepared in Comparative Example 8. After mixing evenly at low temperature (-25°C), porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) is prepared, which is used as the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) of Comparative Example 18.

[0105] The performances of the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives (ANFO) of Examples 13 to 23 and Comparative Examples 9 to 18 are tested by the following test methods, and the results are recorded in Table 2 below.

[0106] Test method: Determination method and evaluation criteria for detonation velocity of porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO). Specifically, the determination of detonation velocity is carried out according to the provisions of GB / T 13228. Among them, a welded steel pipe (GB / T 17395) with a diameter of ∮48mm × 4mm × 400mm is used for charging. The charging length of porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO) is 350mm, and then rock explosive is added as the booster explosive, with a charging length of 50mm, and the charging density is 0.70g / cm 3 ~0.90g / cm 3 . The expected detonation velocity is 3300m / s to 3750m / s.

[0107] Evaluation method of adsorption rate: Weigh three equal amounts of porous granular ammonium nitrate and place them in a dry beaker. Add an excessive amount of the oil phase material of the example or the sample of the comparative example respectively. Under the constant temperature condition (25°C), let them stand for different times (t = 5min, 10min, 15min) respectively. Take out one sample each time, quickly filter the unadsorbed oil phase with filter paper, dry it in a low-temperature vacuum, weigh the mass of ammonium nitrate after adsorption, calculate the adsorption amount of ammonium nitrate at each time, draw a time-adsorption amount curve, and the slope of the curve is the adsorption rate. The larger the adsorption rate value, the better.

[0108] Table 2 Performance test record form of porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive

[0109] By comparing Examples 13 - 23 with Comparative Examples 9 - 18, the application of the oil phase material of the present invention in porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive can have significant advantages: (1) The adsorption rate of the oil phase material of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the oil phase material of the comparative example. This is because polar components such as water are introduced into the oil phase material of the present application, which is similar in polarity to porous granular ammonium nitrate, making the oil phase material easy to adsorb and shortening the blending time of porous granular ammonium nitrate and the oil phase material.

[0110] (2) The ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared from the oil phase material of the present invention has no oil spillage and caking phenomenon, and its state is significantly better than that of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared from diesel oil in Comparative Examples 9 and 10.

[0111] (3) The ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared from the oil phase material of the present invention has a faster detonation velocity and a longer storage time, which is significantly better than that of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared from diesel oil in Comparative Examples 9 and 10. This is because the oil phase material of the present invention contains water and alcohol ether compounds (double-soluble additives), which can decompose to generate hydroxyl active groups during the detonation process, accelerating the reaction chain of the detonation process and significantly improving the detonation velocity index.

[0112] (4)The ANFO prepared from the oil-phase material of the present invention can still maintain a high detonation velocity and adsorption rate in a low-temperature (-25°C) environment. Example 15 exhibits high adsorption performance comparable to that of Example 13. Comparing with Comparative Example 18, it can be seen that the pour point depressant can effectively reduce the freezing point of the oil phase, improve the low-temperature fluidity, enable the oil-phase material to quickly penetrate into the pores of ammonium nitrate, and ensure efficient blending under low-temperature conditions. Similarly, Example 17 and Example 23 also have comparable adsorption and detonation performances, further indicating that the pour point depressant can ensure the overall performance of the oil-phase material in a low-temperature environment.

[0113] In summary, by optimizing the formula of the oil-phase material, the present invention shows comprehensive advantages in terms of adsorption rate, low-temperature fluidity, and detonation performance, and can provide reliable technical support for the efficient and safe application of porous granular ANFO.

[0114] Although the embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. However, it should be understood that these modifications and variations will still fall within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application defined by the claims in the view of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An oil phase material for ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, characterized in that, The oil-phase material is a solution comprising a dual-solubility aid, a solubilization aid, an interfacial stabilization aid, water, oil, and a pour point depressant. Calculated based on 100 parts by weight, the weight parts of the dual-solubility aid are 10 parts - 30 parts, the weight parts of the solubilization aid are 1 part - 30 parts, the weight parts of the interfacial stabilization aid are 1 part - 10 parts, the weight parts of water are 1 part - 70 parts, the weight parts of oil are 10 parts - 70 parts, and the weight parts of the pour point depressant are 0.1 part - 5 parts.

2. The oil phase material according to claim 1, wherein The dual-solubility aid includes at least one of propylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, tripropylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl ether, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate; and / or, the solubilization aid includes at least one of an ester compound and an amphiphilic molecule; and / or, the interfacial stabilization aid includes at least one of an alkyl phosphate, an amino silane, and a block copolymer; and / or, the pour point depressant includes at least one of a fatty amide, a maleic anhydride copolymer, and a polyacrylate; and / or, the oil includes at least one of diesel oil, white oil, machine oil, coal-based oil, and vegetable oil.

3. The oil phase material according to claim 1, wherein The solidification point of the oil-phase material is -35°C to -20°C, and the flash point is 95°C - 150°C.

4. A preparation method of an oil-phase material, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: Mix the dual-solubility aid, the solubilization aid, the interfacial stabilization aid, water, oil, and the pour point depressant to obtain an oil-phase material for ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The weight ratio of the dual-solubility aid, the solubilization aid, the interfacial stabilization aid, water, oil, and the pour point depressant is (10 - 30):(1 - 30):(1 - 10):(1 - 70):(10 - 70):(0.1 - 5).

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dual-solubility aid includes at least one of propylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, tripropylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl ether, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate; and / or, the solubilization aid includes at least one of an ester compound and an amphiphilic molecule; and / or, the interfacial stabilization aid includes at least one of an alkyl phosphate, an amino silane, and a block copolymer; and / or, the pour point depressant includes at least one of a fatty amide, a maleic anhydride copolymer, and a polyacrylate; and / or, the oil includes at least one of white oil, machine oil, coal-based oil, and vegetable oil.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The solidification point of the oil-phase material is -35°C to -20°C, and the flash point is 95°C - 150°C.

8. An ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, characterized in that, The ANFO comprises porous granular ammonium nitrate and an oil-phase material filled in the porous structure of the porous granular ammonium nitrate. The oil-phase material is the oil-phase material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, or is the oil-phase material prepared by the preparation method of the oil-phase material according to any one of claims 4 to 7.

9. The ANFO according to claim 8, characterized in that, Based on 100 parts by weight, the weight of the porous granular ammonium nitrate is 93 to 97 parts, and the weight of the oil-phase material is 3 to 7 parts.

10. A preparation method of ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, characterized in that The preparation method includes: Mixing the porous granular ammonium nitrate and the oil-phase material so that the oil-phase material is adsorbed into the porous structure of the porous granular ammonium nitrate, thereby obtaining an explosive in which the porous structure of the porous granular ammonium nitrate is filled with the oil-phase material. Among them, the oil-phase material is the oil-phase material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, or is the oil-phase material prepared by the preparation method of the oil-phase material according to any one of claims 4 to 7.

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