A pressurized sample preparation device and method

Abstract

The application provides a pressure storage type sample preparation device and method, and belongs to the technical field of sample preparation. The device comprises a sample container with an open top, a plug matched with the open top of the sample container, a fluid channel in communication with the bottom of the sample container at one end, a three-way valve in communication with the other end of the fluid channel at a first end, a metering channel in communication with a second end of the three-way valve, a reaction tube in communication with a third end of the three-way valve, and a storage chamber in communication with the top of the metering channel at the top. The internal pressure of the reaction tube is less than the internal pressure of the storage chamber. The application drives the liquid sample in the integrated device by the pressure generated by the mechanical energy or heat source of the peripheral equipment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sample preparation, in particular to a pressure storage type sample preparation device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Before nucleic acid detection, samples are generally processed, such as lysing cells (pathogens), purifying nucleic acids or removing interferents, and transferring a specific volume of samples after processing. These steps can be completed by automated equipment or integrated devices (cartridge type). The integrated device (cartridge type) often requires peripheral equipment to provide mechanical power or energy in real time to drive the components in the integrated device to transfer liquid or solid samples from one location to another. The integrated nucleic acid sample preparation and volume metering integrated consumable device and method (CN119086222A) provides a method of driving samples by generating pressure through heating liquid, but the required pressure generated by this method requires a high temperature (> 100℃) and a long time. Such a high temperature easily destroys the structure of nucleic acid molecules, and in addition, the generated pressure is difficult to control. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a pressure storage type sample preparation device and method, and the problem to be solved is:

[0004] 1. The liquid sample in the integrated device is driven by the pressure generated by the mechanical energy or heat source of the peripheral equipment;

[0005] 2. The pressure generated when filling the sample is used to drive the sample preparation process to complete filtration, volume measurement, and sample output.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] A pressure storage type sample preparation device, comprising:

[0008] a sample container with an open top;

[0009] a plug adapted to the open top of the sample container;

[0010] a fluid channel having one end in communication with the bottom of the sample container;

[0011] a three-way valve having a first end in selective communication with the other end of the fluid channel;

[0012] a metering channel having a first opening in selective communication with a second end of the three-way valve;

[0013] a storage chamber having an opening in communication with a second opening of the metering channel;

[0014] a reaction tube in selective communication with a third end of the three-way valve;

[0015] wherein, when the metering channel is filled with the sample, the internal pressure of the storage chamber is greater than the internal pressure of the reaction tube;

[0016] The selective communication means that the three-way valve is in communication with or disconnected from any two of the fluid channel, the metering channel and the reaction tube.

[0017] When the sample container is not in communication with the metering channel or the reaction tube, an internal positive pressure is generated in the sample container when the plug enters the sample container, and the internal positive pressure can be maintained as a constant storage pressure when the plug and the sample container are locked with each other.

[0018] In the specification, a filter unit is connected between the other end of the fluid channel and the first end of the three-way valve.

[0019] In the specification, the fluid channel is coupled with a heater.

[0020] In the specification, the plug is located above the sample container, the upper shell, the middle shell and the lower shell are sequentially arranged below the sample container, the three-way valve is located in the lower shell, the metering channel and the storage chamber are located in the middle shell, one end of the fluid channel is in communication with the bottom of the sample container through the filter unit, the other end of the fluid channel passes through the upper shell, the middle shell and the lower shell and is in communication with the first end of the three-way valve, the second end of the three-way valve is in communication with the bottom of the metering channel, the reaction tube is arranged at the bottom of the lower shell, the top of the reaction tube is in communication with the third end of the three-way valve, so that the storage pressure type sample preparation device forms I type.

[0021] In the specification, the plug is located above the sample container, the fluid channel, the three-way valve, the metering channel and the storage chamber are transversely arranged below the sample container, and the reaction tube is detachably installed below the three-way valve, so that the storage pressure type sample preparation device forms L type.

[0022] In the specification, the plug is located above the fluid channel, the sample container is located below the fluid channel, the fluid channel, the metering channel and the storage chamber are transversely arranged, and the reaction tube is detachably installed below the three-way valve, so that the storage pressure type sample preparation device forms T type.

[0023] In the specification, the sample container is coupled with a heater.

[0024] In the specification, the three-way valve is replaced by a piston unit, the piston unit comprises a sealing ring, a movable plug, a pull rod and a cavity, one end of the pull rod is located outside the cavity, the other end of the pull rod extends into the cavity and is connected with the sealing ring through the movable plug, the movable plug can move axially and rotate; the part of the cavity on the side of the sealing ring away from the movable plug is in communication with the top of the storage chamber, the movable plug is provided with a communication groove, when the pull rod is placed in the outer pulling position, the part of the cavity on the side of the sealing ring close to the movable plug is in communication with the bottom of the metering channel and the reaction tube respectively; the distance between the communication between the metering channel and the cavity and the communication between the fluid channel and the cavity is less than the length of the communication groove, when the pull rod is placed in the inner pushing position, the metering channel and the fluid channel are communicated through the communication groove; when the communication groove is placed away from the communication between the metering channel and the cavity and the communication between the fluid channel and the cavity, the metering channel is not in communication with the fluid channel and the reaction tube.

[0025] A pressure storage type sample preparation method, using the pressure storage type sample preparation device of any one of the above, the pressure storage type sample preparation method comprises:

[0026] The communication between the fluid channel and the metering channel and the reaction tube is disconnected through the three-way valve, the sample is placed in the sample container, the plug is inserted into the sample container, a positive pressure is generated in the sample container and the plug is locked; the fluid channel and the metering channel are communicated through the three-way valve, and the reaction tube is disconnected, the sample in the sample container enters the metering channel through the fluid channel and the three-way valve, when the sample in the metering channel is filled, the excess sample in the metering channel enters the bottom of the storage chamber and generates a positive pressure in the upper cavity of the storage chamber; at this time, the reaction tube and the metering channel are communicated through the three-way valve, and the fluid channel is disconnected, because the pressure in the internal cavity of the storage chamber is greater than the pressure in the reaction tube, the sample in the metering channel enters the reaction tube through the three-way valve.

[0027] A pressure storage type sample preparation method, using the pressure storage type sample preparation device, the pressure storage type sample preparation method comprises:

[0028] The fluid channel is disconnected from the communication with the metering channel and the reaction tube by the movable plug, the sample is placed in the sample container, the plug is inserted into the sample container, a positive pressure is generated in the sample container and the plug is locked; the metering channel and the fluid channel are communicated through the communication groove, and the movable plug blocks the communication between the reaction tube and the cavity, the sample enters the metering channel from the fluid channel and the communication groove, when the metering channel is filled with the sample, the excess sample in the metering channel enters the bottom of the storage chamber from the top, as more and more sample enters the storage chamber, the pressure of the cavity in the upper part of the storage chamber is also greater, thereby pushing the sealing ring, the pull rod and the movable plug, until the movable plug no longer blocks the communication between the reaction tube and the cavity, and the metering channel is disconnected from the communication groove; or when the metering channel is filled with the sample, the movable plug is directly moved by pulling the pull rod until the movable plug no longer blocks the communication between the reaction tube and the cavity, and the metering channel is disconnected from the communication groove; at this time, the sample in the metering channel enters the reaction tube through the cavity under the pressure of the cavity in the upper part of the storage chamber.

[0029] In summary, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0030] No external force is needed: when the sample container is pressurized, the generated pressure can be used to complete the whole process of sample preparation, including pathogen lysis (physical, chemical or biological enzyme method), liquid transfer, filtration, volume measurement, sample output and the like.

[0031] Easy to operate: in addition to the general sample adding and cover operation, the user does not need to perform pipetting operation.

[0032] Low cost: simple structure, and the structural members are composed of injection molded plastic parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the pressure storage type sample preparation device involved in the present application.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the type I pressure storage type sample preparation device involved in the present application.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the piston unit involved in the present application.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the piston unit involved in the present application in the closed state (fluid channel, metering channel, reaction tube not communicated with each other).

[0038] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cavity for communicating the metering channel and the reaction tube in the present application.

[0039] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the L-shaped pressure storage type sample preparation device in the present application.

[0040] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the T-shaped pressure storage type sample preparation device in the present application.

[0041] Reference signs:

[0042] 1, sample container; 2, plug; 3, fluid channel; 4, three-way valve; 5, metering channel; 6, reaction tube; 7, storage chamber; 8, heater; 9, filter unit; 10, sealing ring; 11, movable plug; 12, pull rod; 13, cavity; 14, sampling swab; 15, upper shell; 16, middle shell; 17, lower shell; 18, communication groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are simply described. As those skilled in the art can recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the drawings and the description are considered to be exemplary in nature rather than limiting.

[0044] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different structures of the embodiments of the present application. For the purpose of simplifying the disclosure of the embodiments of the present application, the components and settings of specific examples are described in the following. Of course, they are only examples, and the purpose is not to limit the embodiments of the present application. In addition, the embodiments of the present application can repeatedly refer to numerals and / or reference letters in different examples, and such repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity, which itself does not indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0045] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] As Figure 1 shown, the present embodiment provides a pressure storage type sample preparation device, comprising:

[0047] a sample container 1, which is open at the top;

[0048] a plug 2, which is adapted to the top opening of the sample container 1;

[0049] a fluid channel 3, one end of which communicates with the bottom of the sample container 1;

[0050] a three-way valve 4, having a first end selectively communicating with the other end of the fluid channel 3;

[0051] a metering channel 5, having a first opening selectively communicating with a second end of the three-way valve 4;

[0052] a reaction tube 6, selectively communicating with a third end of the three-way valve 4;

[0053] a storage chamber 7, having an opening (top) communicating with a second opening (top) of the metering channel 5;

[0054] wherein, the internal pressure of the storage chamber is greater than the internal pressure of the reaction tube when the metering channel is filled with sample;

[0055] the selective communication means that the three-way valve is in communication with or disconnected from any two of the fluid channel, the metering channel, and the reaction tube;

[0056] when the sample container is set to be in communication with the metering channel or the reaction tube, an internal positive pressure is generated in the sample container when the plug enters the sample container; when the plug and the sample container are locked with each other, the internal positive pressure can be maintained as a constant storage pressure.

[0057] wherein, the working process of the device can be referred to the following method, which is not repeated here.

[0058] In some embodiments, the sample container 1 is placed with a sampling swab 14, and the plug 2 is provided with a groove matched with the rod structure of the sampling swab 14.

[0059] In some embodiments, a filter unit 9 is connected between the other end of the fluid channel 3 and the first end of the three-way valve 4, so as to remove the precipitates in the heated liquid.

[0060] In some embodiments, the fluid channel 3 is coupled with (provided with) a heater 8, so that the flowing liquid is heated (to perform sample lysis to release nucleic acid).

[0061] In some embodiments, the volume of the sample container 1, metering channel 5, and / or storage chamber 7 can be configured as needed. The volume of the metering channel 5 matches the sample volume required for the nucleic acid amplification reaction in the reaction tube 6. The pressure in the sample container 1 can be adjusted by the fit of the stopper 2 with the sample container 1. Specifically, when the sample container 1 is not connected to other components, the entry of the stopper 2 into the sample container 1 compresses the air within the sample container 1, generating an initial pressure. This initial pressure can be pre-stored within the sample container 1 (stored pressure). When the sample container 1 is of a fixed size, the magnitude of the stored pressure is determined by the depth to which the stopper 2 enters the sample container 1 (i.e., the volume of the sample container 1 decreases). The pressure within the storage chamber 7 can be the pressure after equilibrium is reached between the pressure within the sample container 1 and the pressure within the storage chamber 7, and is less than the stored pressure. When the metering channel is filled with sample, the pressure within the storage chamber is greater than the pressure within the reaction tube. When the internal pressure of the reaction tube is the ambient pressure, the storage pressure is greater than the ambient pressure, and may be 1.1 times or more, or 1.5 times or more, or 2 times or more, or 3 times or more, such as 2-4 times or 3-6 times the ambient pressure.

[0062] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, the stopper 2 is located above the sample container 1, and an upper shell 15, a middle shell 16, and a lower shell 17 are sequentially arranged below the sample container 1. The three-way valve 4 is located in the lower shell 17, and the metering channel 5 and the storage chamber 7 are located in the middle shell 16. One end of the fluid channel 3 is connected to the bottom of the sample container 1 through the filter unit 9, and the other end passes through the upper shell 15, the middle shell 16, and the lower shell 17 to communicate with the first end of the three-way valve 4. The second end of the three-way valve 4 is connected to the bottom of the metering channel 5. The reaction tube 6 is provided at the bottom of the lower shell 17, and the top of the reaction tube 6 is connected to the third end of the three-way valve 4, so that the pressure storage sample preparation device constitutes Type I.

[0063] In some embodiments, as Figure 6 As shown, the stopper 2 is located above the sample container 1, the fluid channel 3 is L-shaped, and the fluid channel 3, three-way valve 4, metering channel 5, and storage chamber 7 are located in a horizontal configuration at the lower right side of the sample container 1. The reaction tube 6 can be detachably installed below or to the lower left of the three-way valve 4, so that the pressure storage sample preparation device is L-shaped.

[0064] In some embodiments, as Figure 7As shown, the plug 2 is located above the left side of the fluid channel 3, the sample container 1 (the part containing sample) is located below the left side of the fluid channel 3 (the upper part of the sample container 1 without containing sample is located above the left side of the fluid channel 3), the right side of the fluid channel 3 is transversely arranged with the metering channel 5 and the storage chamber 7, and the reaction tube 6 is detachably installed below or left below the three-way valve 4, so that the pressure storage type sample preparation device constitutes a T shape.

[0065] In some embodiments, the sample container 1 is coupled with (or provided with) a heater 8. By heating, pathogens are inactivated and nucleic acids are released.

[0066] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 As shown, the three-way valve 4 is replaced with a piston unit, which includes a sealing ring 10, a movable plug 11, a pull rod 12, and a cavity 13. One end of the pull rod 12 is located outside the cavity 13, and the other end of the pull rod 12 extends into the cavity 13 and is connected with the sealing ring 10 through the movable plug 11. The movable plug 11 can move axially and rotate. The part of the cavity 13 away from the movable plug 11 on the side of the sealing ring 10 is in communication with the top of the storage chamber 7. The movable plug 11 is provided with a communication groove 18. When the pull rod is placed in the outer pulling position, the part of the cavity 13 close to the movable plug 11 on the side of the sealing ring 10 is in communication with the bottom of the metering channel 5 and the reaction tube 6, respectively, and the two communication places are located in the same vertical direction. The part of the cavity 13 close to the movable plug 11 on the side of the sealing ring 10 is in communication with the fluid channel 3, and the communication place is located on the side away from the sealing ring 10 between the part of the cavity 13 and the communication place between the metering channel 5 and the fluid channel 3. The distance between the communication place between the metering channel 5 and the cavity 13 and the communication place between the fluid channel 3 and the cavity 13 is less than the length of the communication groove 18, so that when the pull rod is placed in the inner pushing position, the metering channel 5 and the fluid channel 3 are communicated through the communication groove 18. When the communication groove is placed away from the communication place between the metering channel and the cavity and the communication place between the fluid channel and the cavity, the metering channel is not in communication with the fluid channel and the reaction tube.

[0067] In some embodiments, a pressure storage type sample preparation method is provided, which uses the pressure storage type sample preparation device. The pressure storage type sample preparation method includes:

[0068] The fluid channel 3 is disconnected from the metering channel 5 and the reaction tube 6 by the three-way valve 4, the sample is placed in the sample container 1, the plug 2 is inserted into the sample container 1, a positive pressure is generated in the sample container 1 and the plug 2 is locked, the sample in the sample container 1 flows into the fluid channel 3 under the pressure generated when the plug 2 is inserted, the fluid channel 3 is connected to the metering channel 5 by the three-way valve 4 and the reaction tube 6 is disconnected, the sample flows from the fluid channel 3, the three-way valve 4 and enters the metering channel 5, when the metering channel 5 is filled with the sample, the excess sample in the metering channel 5 enters the bottom of the storage chamber 7 from the top and a positive pressure is generated in the cavity in the upper part of the storage chamber 7, at this time, the reaction tube 6 is connected to the metering channel 5 by the three-way valve 4 and the fluid channel 3 is disconnected, because the pressure in the cavity of the storage chamber 7 is greater than the pressure in the reaction tube 6, the sample in the metering channel 5 enters the reaction tube 6 through the cavity 13 under the pressure in the storage chamber 7.

[0069] In some embodiments, a pressure storage type sample preparation method using a pressure storage type sample preparation device, the pressure storage type sample preparation method comprises:

[0070] The fluid channel 3 is disconnected from the metering channel 5 and the reaction tube 6 by the movable plug 11, the sample is placed in the sample container 1, the plug 2 is inserted into the sample container 1, a positive pressure is generated in the sample container 1 and the plug 2 is locked, the sample in the sample container 1 flows into the fluid channel 3 under the pressure generated when the plug 2 is inserted, the metering channel 5 is connected to the fluid channel 3 by rotating the pull rod 12 and through the communication groove 18, and the movable plug 11 blocks the communication between the reaction tube 6 and the cavity 13, the sample flows from the fluid channel 3, the communication groove 18 and enters the metering channel 5, when the metering channel 5 is filled with the sample, the excess sample in the metering channel 5 enters the bottom of the storage chamber 7 from the top, as more and more sample enters the storage chamber 7, the pressure in the cavity in the upper part of the storage chamber 7 becomes greater, the pressure in the cavity 13 connected to the storage chamber 7 also becomes greater, which in turn pushes the sealing ring 10, the pull rod 12 and the movable plug 11, until the movable plug 11 no longer blocks the communication between the reaction tube 6 and the cavity 13, and the metering channel 5 is disconnected from the communication groove 18; or when the metering channel 5 is filled with the sample, the movable plug 11 is directly moved by pulling the pull rod 12 until it no longer blocks the communication between the reaction tube 6 and the cavity 13, and the metering channel 5 is disconnected from the communication groove 18; at this time, the sample in the metering channel 5 enters the reaction tube 6 through the cavity 13 under the pressure in the cavity in the upper part of the storage chamber 7.

[0071] In the initial state (before the pull rod 12 is rotated), the piston unit is in a closed state (the fluid channel 3, the metering channel 5 and the reaction tube 6 are not connected to each other) as shown in Figure 4 The metering channel 5 is connected to the reaction tube 6 through the cavity 13 as shown in Figure 5 The metering channel 5 is connected to the fluid channel 3 through the communication groove 18 as shown inFigure 3

[0072] The sample that has been metered in the metering channel 5 is transferred into the reaction tube, and when the tube is provided with lyophilized reagents, the reagents are dissolved, and the amplification reaction and detection can be performed.

[0073] The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, and thus, the modification of the numerical values or the replacement of equivalent elements should still fall within the scope of the present application.

[0074] From the above detailed description, it is clear that the present application can achieve the aforementioned objects, and thus, the present application has met the requirements of the Patent Law.

[0075] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art, once aware of the basic inventive concept, can make additional changes and modifications to the embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application. The above description is merely of the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, and it should be noted that any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0076] It should be noted that the above description of the flow is merely for example and illustration, and does not limit the scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the flow under the guidance of the present application. However, these modifications and changes are still within the scope of the present application.

[0077] The above has described the basic concept, and it is obvious that the above-mentioned application disclosure is merely as an example and does not constitute a limitation to the present application for those skilled in the art after reading this application. Although it is not explicitly described herein, those skilled in the art can make various modifications, improvements and modifications to the present application. Such modifications, improvements and modifications are suggested in the present application, and thus, such modifications, improvements and modifications still belong to the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present application.

[0078] Meanwhile, specific words are used in the present application to describe the embodiments of the present application. For example, "one embodiment", "an embodiment", and / or "some embodiments" means a certain feature, structure or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that the "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned in different positions in the present specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the present application can be properly combined.

[0079] ​In addition, the order of the processing elements and sequences, unless specifically stated to the contrary, are not designed to limit the process and method steps described herein but to provide an exemplary arrangement. For example, the first end, second end, one end, another end, and the like are simply locations for one component to be arranged at a certain location relative to another component, and thus can be interchanged and are not limited to the specific placement of one component relative to another component. Further, the use of numerals or letters to describe a component is merely to distinguish the component from another component, and thus is not meant to limit the component to a specific location or position.

[0080] While the foregoing disclosure discusses some presently contemplated embodiments of the application by way of various examples, it is to be understood that the details disclosed are to be considered merely illustrative in nature, and that the additional claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but rather intended to cover all modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the application. For example, while the implementation of the various components described above can be embodied in hardware devices, it can also be implemented as a pure software solution, for example, as an installation on an existing server or mobile device.

[0081] Similarly, it is to be noted that, for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements common between the various embodiments of the application have not been described in detail or have been described only in the description of one of the embodiments. However, it is to be understood that the description of the various embodiments of the application is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive, of the whole application. The application is therefore not to be construed as limited to the embodiments described above, but rather the claims are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the application.

Claims

1. A pressure storage sample preparation device, characterized in that: include: a sample container having an open top; a stopper adapted to fit the top opening of the sample container; a fluid channel, one end of which is connected to the bottom of the sample container; a three-way valve, a first end of which is selectively connected to the other end of the fluid channel; a metering passage, a first opening of which is selectively communicated with the second end of the three-way valve; a storage chamber, the top opening of which is in communication with the second opening at the top of the metering channel, so that the internal cavity of the storage chamber and the metering channel form a pressure linkage structure; a reaction tube selectively connected to the third end of the three-way valve; wherein, when the metering channel is filled with a sample, the internal pressure of the storage chamber is greater than the internal pressure of the reaction tube; The selective communication means that the three-way valve is connected to or disconnected from any two of the fluid channel, the metering channel, and the reaction tube; When the sample container is configured to be disconnected from the metering channel or the reaction tube, an internal positive pressure is generated in the sample container when the stopper enters the sample container; when the stopper and the sample container are locked with each other, the internal positive pressure can be maintained as a constant storage pressure; the magnitude of the storage pressure is determined by the depth of the stopper entering the sample container, and the pressure inside the storage chamber is the pressure after the internal pressure of the sample container and the internal pressure of the storage chamber reach equilibrium and is less than the storage pressure.

2. The pressure storage sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: A filter unit is connected between the other end of the fluid channel and the first end of the three-way valve.

3. The pressure storage sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: The fluid channel is coupled to a heater.

4. The pressure storage sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: The stopper is located above the sample container, and an upper shell, a middle shell, and a lower shell are sequentially arranged below the sample container. The three-way valve is located in the lower shell, and the metering channel and the storage chamber are located in the middle shell. One end of the fluid channel is connected to the bottom of the sample container through a filter unit, and the other end passes through the upper shell, the middle shell, and the lower shell to communicate with the first end of the three-way valve. The second end of the three-way valve is connected to the bottom of the metering channel. The reaction tube is provided at the bottom of the lower shell, and the top of the reaction tube is connected to the third end of the three-way valve, so that the pressure storage sample preparation device constitutes a type I device.

5. The pressure storage sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: The stopper is located above the sample container, the fluid channel, three-way valve, metering channel, and storage chamber are located below the sample container in a horizontal configuration, and the reaction tube is detachably installed below the three-way valve, so that the pressure storage sample preparation device is L-shaped.

6. The pressure storage sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: The stopper is located above the fluid channel, the sample container is located below the fluid channel, the fluid channel, the metering channel and the storage chamber are arranged horizontally, and the reaction tube is detachably installed below the three-way valve, so that the pressure storage sample preparation device forms a T-shape.

7. The pressure storage sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: The sample container is coupled to a heater.

8. The pressure storage sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: A piston unit is used to replace the three-way valve, and the piston unit includes a sealing ring, a movable plug, a pull rod and a cavity, one end of the pull rod is located outside the cavity, and the other end of the pull rod extends into the cavity and passes through the movable plug to be connected to the sealing ring, and the movable plug can move and rotate axially; the part of the cavity on the side of the sealing ring away from the movable plug is connected to the top of the storage chamber, and the movable plug is provided with a connecting groove. When the pull rod is placed in the outward pulling position, the part of the cavity on the side of the sealing ring close to the movable plug is connected to the bottom of the metering channel and the reaction tube respectively; the distance between the connecting point between the metering channel and the cavity and the connecting point between the fluid channel and the cavity is less than the length of the connecting groove. When the pull rod is placed in the inward pushing position, the metering channel and the fluid channel are connected through the connecting groove; when the connecting groove is placed in a position away from the connecting point between the metering channel and the cavity and the connecting point between the fluid channel and the cavity, the metering channel is not connected to the fluid channel and the reaction tube.

9. A pressure storage sample preparation method, characterized in that: The pressure storage type sample preparation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, and the pressure storage type sample preparation method comprises: The connection between the fluid channel, the metering channel and the reaction tube is disconnected by a three-way valve, the sample is placed in the sample container, the stopper is inserted into the sample container, a positive pressure is generated in the sample container and the stopper is locked; the fluid channel and the metering channel are connected by the three-way valve, and the reaction tube is disconnected, the sample in the sample container enters the metering channel through the fluid channel and the three-way valve, when the metering channel is filled with the sample, the excess sample in the metering channel enters the bottom of the storage chamber and generates positive pressure in the upper cavity of the storage chamber; at this time, the reaction tube and the metering channel are connected by the three-way valve, and the fluid channel is disconnected. Since the pressure in the cavity inside the storage chamber is greater than the pressure inside the reaction tube, a certain amount of sample in the metering channel enters the reaction tube through the three-way valve.

10. A pressure storage sample preparation method, characterized in that: Using the pressure storage type sample preparation device according to claim 8, the pressure storage type sample preparation method comprises: The fluid channel is disconnected from the metering channel and the reaction tube by a movable plug, a sample is placed in a sample container, and the plug is inserted into the sample container to generate a positive pressure in the sample container and lock the plug; the metering channel and the fluid channel are connected by a connecting groove, and the movable plug is used to block the connection between the reaction tube and the cavity. The sample enters the metering channel from the fluid channel and the connecting groove. When the metering channel is filled with sample, the excess sample in the metering channel enters the bottom of the storage chamber from the top. As more sample enters the storage chamber, the cavity pressure in the upper part of the storage chamber increases, thereby pushing the sealing ring, the pull rod and the movable plug until the movable plug no longer blocks the connection between the reaction tube and the cavity, and the metering channel is disconnected from the connecting groove; or when the metering channel is filled with sample, the pull rod is directly pulled to move the movable plug until it no longer blocks the connection between the reaction tube and the cavity, and the metering channel is disconnected from the connecting groove; at this time, the sample in the metering channel enters the reaction tube through the cavity under the cavity pressure in the upper part of the storage chamber.

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