Particle separator bird / ice foreign object separation characteristic stepping verification method

Abstract

The invention discloses a particle separator bird / ice foreign object separation characteristic stepping verification method comprising the following steps: plate test verification: simplifying a particle separator front combination inner wall structure, constructing a plate test assembly, constructing a test bench, and carrying out a bird ice impact test to evaluate typical structure surface rebound and action characteristics of bird / ice in airflow; sector test verification: obtaining a sector test piece, building a test bed, and carrying out a bird / ice impact and separation test so as to evaluate the separation characteristics of the particle separator structure to the bird / ice under the approximate working condition; and full-ring test verification: obtaining a full-ring test piece, building a test bed, and carrying out a bird / ice impact and separation test so as to evaluate full-ring separation efficiency and structural response. According to the method, the bird / ice foreign object separation performance is progressively evaluated through a flat plate-sector-full ring three-stage verification system, the bird / ice separation capacity of the particle separator under different working conditions is gradually revealed, the separation characteristic rule of the particle separator is mastered, and reliable data support is provided for design of an engine air inlet protection system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of turbine engines, and in particular, to a step-by-step verification method for the separation characteristics of bird / ice foreign objects by a particle separator. Background Art

[0002] Full-speed engines have the characteristics of high flight speed, large intake air flow and frontal area. At the same time, the high single-stage load of the compressor brings high performance sensitivity. After the engine swallows a bird / ice, the damage to the particle separator and the compressor is greater, the performance impact is more severe, and the risk to the engine body is higher.

[0003] Inertial particle separators are applied to turboshaft engines and can effectively separate foreign objects such as sand, dust, birds, and ice. In a certain turboshaft engine usage scenario, due to the significant increase in the speed of foreign objects, the structural strength, separation characteristics, and separation efficiency of the original particle separator when facing high-speed bird / ice impacts are completely different from the usage conditions of existing medium- and low-speed helicopters.

[0004] Compared with low-speed engines, full-speed engines face more severe risks of bird / ice impact and inhalation. Due to the increase in intake air speed and engine performance indicators, the shape and structure of the curved flow channel of the intake assembly are improved, and the complexity of the flow speed and flow state is high. This has an obvious impact on the motion state and attitude of bird / ice foreign objects, and the law of their separation characteristics is unclear. The simulation verification and overall machine verification of the separation characteristics of the engine intake protection assembly in the bird / ice swallowing state under high-speed conditions are highly difficult, and currently, related research in the industry is basically blank and urgently needs to be broken through. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a step-by-step verification method for the separation characteristics of bird / ice foreign objects by a particle separator to solve the technical problems that the simulation verification and overall machine verification of the separation characteristics of the engine intake protection assembly in the bird / ice swallowing state under high-speed conditions are highly difficult, related research in the industry is basically blank, and urgently needs to be broken through.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A step-by-step verification method for the bird / ice foreign object separation characteristics of a particle separator, comprising the following steps: Flat plate test verification: Analyze and simplify the front combined inner wall structure of the inner wall plate assembly of the particle separator to construct a flat plate test assembly for the front combined inner wall, then build an impact contact-fluid-structure interaction test bench with a suction function according to the flow channel state of the engine intake duct, and finally conduct a bird / ice impact test under the inclined state of the flat plate test piece in the intake air flow channel to evaluate the rebound and interaction characteristics of birds / ice on the surface of typical structures in the air flow under the action of impact contact-fluid-structure interaction; Sector test verification: Obtain a sector test piece with the structural and geometric parameter characteristics of the particle separator and in a sector shape, then build a test bench for the high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristics of birds / ice in the sector flow channel of the particle separator, and finally conduct a bird / ice impact and separation test on the sector test piece under the action of air flow to evaluate the separation characteristics of the particle separator structure on birds / ice under approximate working conditions; Full ring test verification: Obtain a real part or a scaled-down part of the particle separator to form a full ring test piece, then build a test bench for the high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristics of birds / ice in the full ring flow channel of the particle separator, and finally conduct a bird / ice impact and separation test on the full ring test piece under the action of air flow to evaluate the full ring separation efficiency and structural response of the scaled-down part under approximate working conditions or the real part under real working conditions.

[0007] Further, the flat plate test assembly includes a first flat plate test piece and a second flat plate test piece; both the first flat plate test piece and the second flat plate test piece include a composite plate and a metal plate stacked at intervals up and down, and two edge rubber strips and multiple intermediate rubber strips connected between the composite plate and the metal plate; the two edge rubber strips are respectively close to both sides in the width direction of the composite plate, so that the middle parts of the composite plate and the metal plate are separated at intervals; the multiple intermediate rubber strips are sequentially arranged at intervals in the middle position of the composite plate, so that the middle parts of the composite plate and the metal plate are locally connected; on both sides of the first flat plate test piece and the second flat plate test piece close to the width direction, there are also provided a plurality of mounting holes arranged at intervals in sequence and penetrating through the plate surface, and the mounting holes sequentially penetrate through the composite plate, the edge rubber strips and the metal plate.

[0008] Further, only the number and / or arrangement mode of the intermediate rubber strips of the first flat plate test piece and the second flat plate test piece are different, and the rest of the structural settings are exactly the same.

[0009] Furthermore, the impact contact - fluid - structure interaction test bench includes a first support assembly vertically installed, an intake section, a test section, and a suction device for generating suction force that are installed on the first support assembly and arranged in sequence from front to back and connected to form an engine intake air flow path, an air cannon for launching projectiles, and a high - speed video camera for high - speed photography; the first flat test piece or the second flat test piece is fixed on the bottom plate of the test section, and the bottom plate of the test section gradually extends upward and obliquely so that the first flat test piece or the second flat test piece fixed on it is aligned with the intake port of the intake section, and part of the wall surface of the test section is a transparent plate made of transparent material; the air cannons are arranged at intervals in front of the intake section, and the high - speed video camera is located outside the test section.

[0010] Furthermore, the sector test piece is formed by cutting a sector area from a real particle separator or is specially designed and prepared, and the prepared sector test piece has the structural and geometric parameter characteristics of a particle separator; the sector test piece includes an inner wall plate assembly and an outer wall plate assembly that are arranged at intervals inside and outside and are in a sector shape, and a sector - shaped main flow path with a sector - shaped cross - section and a curved extension is formed in the gap between the outer wall plate assembly and the inner wall plate assembly, and a sector - shaped separation flow path with a sector - shaped cross - section and connected to the sector - shaped main flow path is formed inside the outer wall plate assembly; the full - ring test piece includes an inner wall plate ring and an outer wall plate ring that are arranged at intervals inside and outside and are in a ring shape, and a full - ring main flow path with a ring shape and a curved extension is formed in the gap between the outer wall plate ring and the inner wall plate ring, and a full - ring separation flow path with a ring shape and connected to the full - ring main flow path is formed inside the outer wall plate ring.

[0011] Furthermore, the particle separator sector flow path bird / ice high - speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench includes a second support assembly vertically installed, a front support and a rear support connected to the front and rear ends of the sector test piece, multiple closed plates, two sets of collection and suction devices for collecting separated substances and generating suction force respectively, an air cannon for launching projectiles, and a high - speed video camera for high - speed photography; multiple closed plates are respectively connected between the outer wall plate assembly and the inner wall plate assembly to enclose the circumferences of the sector - shaped main flow path and the sector - shaped separation flow path, and some of the closed plates are transparent plates made of transparent material; the intake port on the front support is connected to the intake end of the sector - shaped main flow path, one side of the outlet on the rear support is connected to the outlet end of the sector - shaped main flow path, and the other side is connected to one set of collection and suction devices, and the other set of collection and suction devices is connected to the outlet end of the sector - shaped separation flow path; the air cannons are arranged at intervals in front of the front support, and the high - speed video camera is located outside the sector test piece.

[0012] Furthermore, the full-circulation channel bird / ice high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench for a particle separator includes a fixed support vertically erected, an inner transfer cylinder and an outer transfer cylinder sleeved with each other and having their first ends respectively connected to the fixed support, two sets of collection and suction devices respectively used for collecting separated substances and generating suction force, an air cannon for launching projectiles, and a high-speed video camera recorder for high-speed photography; the second ends of both the inner transfer cylinder and the outer transfer cylinder axially extend into an inner wall plate ring and are respectively connected to two sets of transfer flanges inside the inner wall plate ring; the two sets of collection and suction devices are respectively connected to the air outlet ends of the full-ring main flow channel and the full-ring separation flow channel; the air cannons are arranged at intervals in front of the fixed support, and the high-speed video camera recorder is located outside the full-ring test piece.

[0013] Furthermore, the suction device includes a transfer section communicated with the air outlet end of the air inlet flow channel and a suction fan connected to the transfer section; the collection and suction device includes a transfer section connected to the sector main flow channel or the sector separation flow channel or the full-ring main flow channel or the full-ring separation flow channel, a suction pipeline connected to the transfer section, a collection device connected to the suction pipeline, and a suction fan connected to the collection device; the test verification processes of the flat plate test verification, the sector test verification, and the full-ring test verification all include a flow velocity calibration step for calibrating the test flow velocity, a projectile velocity calibration step for calibrating the test target projectile velocity, and a trajectory test step for obtaining the separation trajectory, which are carried out in sequence.

[0014] Furthermore, the flow velocity calibration step specifically includes: S101: arranging the differential pressure anemometer probe in the air inlet flow channel, the sector main flow channel and the sector separation flow channel, the full-ring main flow channel and the full-ring separation flow channel; S102: turning on the suction fan and slowly adjusting the power of the suction fan until the test required wind speed value is reached and recording it; S103: recording the power of the suction fan corresponding to the test wind speed when the test required wind speed value is reached; after the flow velocity calibration step is completed, the projectile velocity calibration step is started, which specifically includes: S201: manufacturing artificial bird projectiles and equal-diameter ice ball projectiles with the same mass as in the actual working condition; S202: erecting and debugging the high-speed video camera recorder and the velocity measurement and shooting system connected to the high-speed video camera recorder; S203: obtaining the required inflation pressure according to the air cannon projectile velocity curve and the actual projectile mass; S204: launching the projectile using the calculated inflation pressure and testing the projectile exit velocity; S205: adjusting the inflation pressure according to the target projectile velocity and launching the projectile again to test the projectile velocity; S206: repeating steps S201 - S205 until the inflation pressure for calibrating the test target projectile velocity is obtained.

[0015] Further, after the bullet velocity calibration step is completed, the trajectory test step is started, which specifically includes: S301: Set up the test bench, debug the velocity measurement and shooting system, and clean the test tools beside the test bench; S302: Weigh the made sabot, take out the bullet and put it in the sabot and weigh it again, and record the values of the two weighings on the record form; S303: Turn on the suction fan to the calibrated power; S304: After ensuring that the speed of the high-speed video recorder is reset to 0 and the signal analysis software and the high-speed video are correct, inflation can start. After loading the bullet, start operating the high-speed video recorder to record the impact process; S305: After the impact is over, turn off the suction motor; S306: Conduct preliminary data processing, extract the impact velocity and movement process of the bullet body, record the bullet velocity and the firing pressure of the air cannon on the test record form, and conduct test numbering according to the bullet type, bullet velocity, and flow velocity; S307: Take out the sabot and bullet fragments, clean them, and then reassemble them for the next group of tests.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a step-by-step verification method for the bird / ice foreign object separation characteristics of a particle separator. Through the bird / ice impact test under the inclined state of the typical structure flat plate of the front combined inner wall plate assembly of the inner wall of the particle separator in the air flow channel, the rebound and action characteristics of the bird / ice on the typical structure surface in the air flow under the impact contact-fluid-structure coupling action are obtained; through the bird / ice impact and separation test of a fan-shaped test piece with the structural and geometric parameter characteristics of the particle separator and in a fan shape under the action of the air flow, the separation characteristics of the particle separator structure on the bird / ice under the approximate working conditions are obtained; through the bird / ice impact and separation test of a full-ring test piece formed by the real piece or scaled-down piece of the particle separator under the action of the air flow, the full-ring separation efficiency and structural response of the scaled-down piece under the approximate working conditions or the real piece under the real working conditions are mastered. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, through the "flat plate-sector-full ring" three-level verification system, the bird / ice foreign object separation performance is evaluated progressively, the bird / ice separation ability of the particle separator under different working conditions is gradually revealed, the separation characteristic law is mastered, and reliable data support is provided for the design of the engine intake protection system.

[0017] In addition to the purposes, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other purposes, features, and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a flowchart of the step-by-step verification method for the bird / ice foreign object separation characteristics of the particle separator according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the metal plate in the flat plate test assembly; Figure 3a It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the first flat plate test piece; Figure 3b It is Figure 3a The A-A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of Figure 3c It is Figure 3b The partial enlarged structural schematic diagram at position B in Figure 3d It is Figure 3b The partial enlarged structural schematic diagram at position C in Figure 4a It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the second flat plate test piece; Figure 4b It is Figure 4a The A-A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of Figure 4c It is Figure 4b The partial enlarged structural schematic diagram at position B in Figure 4d It is Figure 4b The partial enlarged structural schematic diagram at position C in Figure 5a It is the front view of the partial structure of the impact contact - fluid - solid coupling test bench; Figure 5b It is Figure 5a The A-A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of Figure 5c It is the front view of the structural schematic diagram of the impact contact - fluid - solid coupling test bench; Figure 6a It is the front view of the partial structure of the particle separator fan-shaped flow channel bird / ice high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench; Figure 6b It is Figure 6a The A-A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of Figure 6c It is the front view of the structural schematic diagram of the particle separator fan-shaped flow channel bird / ice high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench; Figure 7a It is the front view of the partial structure of the particle separator full-circulation flow channel bird / ice high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench; Figure 7b It is Figure 7a The A-A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of Figure 7c It is the front view of the structural schematic diagram of the particle separator full-circulation flow channel bird / ice high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench.

[0019] Legend description: 101, Composite material plate; 102, Metal plate; 103, Edge rubber strip; 104, Intermediate rubber strip; 105, Mounting hole; 11, First flat test piece; 12, Second flat test piece; 2, Sector test piece; 201, Sector main flow channel; 202, Sector separation flow channel; 21, Inner wall plate assembly; 22, Outer wall plate assembly; 3, Full-ring test piece; 301, Full-ring main flow channel; 302, Full-ring separation flow channel; 31, Inner wall plate ring; 32, Outer wall plate ring; 41, First support assembly; 42, Intake section; 43, Test section; 44, Air cannon; 45, High-speed video camera; 46, Second support assembly; 47, Front support; 48, Rear support; 49, Sealing plate; 51, Fixed support; 52, Inner barrel of adapter; 53, Outer barrel of adapter; 54, Adapter section; 55, Suction pipeline; 56, Collection device; 57, Suction fan; 58, Front mounting edge; 59, Rear mounting edge. Specific embodiments

[0020] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways defined and covered by the following.

[0021] Refer to Figure 1 , The preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a step-by-step verification method for the bird / ice foreign object separation characteristics of a particle separator, including the following steps: Flat test verification: Analyze and simplify the front combined inner wall structure of the inner wall plate assembly 21 of the particle separator to construct a flat test assembly of the front combined inner wall. Then, build an impact contact-fluid-structure interaction test bench with a suction function according to the flow channel state of the engine intake duct. Finally, conduct a bird / ice impact test under the inclined state of the flat test piece in the intake air flow channel to evaluate the rebound and interaction characteristics of birds / ice on the surface of typical structures in the air flow under impact contact-fluid-structure interaction.

[0022] Sector test verification: Obtain a sector test piece 2 with the structural and geometric parameter characteristics of a particle separator and in a sector shape. Then, build a test bench for the high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristics of birds / ice in the sector flow channel of the particle separator. Finally, conduct a bird / ice impact and separation test on the sector test piece 2 under the action of air flow to evaluate the separation characteristics of the particle separator structure for birds / ice under approximate working conditions.

[0023] Full-ring test verification: Obtain a real part or a scaled-down part of the particle separator to form a full-ring test piece 3. Then, build a test bench for the high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristics of birds / ice in the full-ring flow channel of the particle separator. Finally, conduct a bird / ice impact and separation test on the full-ring test piece 3 under the action of air flow to evaluate the full-ring separation efficiency and structural response of the scaled-down part under approximate working conditions or the real part under real working conditions.

[0024] The present invention provides a step-by-step verification method for the separation characteristics of birds / ice foreign objects by a particle separator. Through the bird / ice impact test under the inclined state of the typical structure flat plate of the front combined inner wall of the inner wall plate assembly of the particle separator in the air flow channel, the rebound and acting characteristics of birds / ice on the typical structure surface in the air flow under the impact contact-fluid-solid coupling action are obtained; through the bird / ice impact and separation test of the fan-shaped test piece 2 with the structural and geometric parameter characteristics of the particle separator and in a fan shape under the action of the air flow, the separation characteristics of the fan-shaped test piece 2 for birds / ice under approximate working conditions are obtained; through the bird / ice impact and separation test of the full-ring test piece 3 formed by the real part or scaled-down part of the particle separator under the action of the air flow, the full-ring separation efficiency and structural response of the scaled-down part under approximate working conditions or the real part under real working conditions are mastered. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, through the "flat plate-sector-full ring" three-level verification system, the separation performance of birds / ice foreign objects is evaluated progressively, the bird / ice separation ability of the particle separator under different working conditions is gradually revealed, the separation characteristic law is mastered, and reliable data support is provided for the design of the engine intake protection system.

[0025] Optionally, the step of "flat plate test verification" specifically includes: Carry out simplified design on the front combined inner wall structure of the inner wall plate assembly 21 of the particle separator, prepare a flat plate test assembly with similar dimensions and typical composition structure, and the design principle is that the thickness of the metal plate and the composite plate is the same as that of the original part, the dimension is the same as the diameter of the particle separator, and it has an intermediate rubber strip structure and the same installation edge scheme; According to the flow state of the intake duct of a certain turboshaft engine, design an impact contact-fluid-solid coupling test bench with a suction function; Carry out the bird / ice impact test on the flat plate test piece in the inclined state in the intake air flow channel and evaluate it.

[0026] In this optional solution, such as Figure 2 、 Figure 3a 、 Figure 3b 、 Figure 3c 、 Figure 3d 、 Figure 4a 、 Figure 4b 、 Figure 4c and Figure 4dAs shown in the figure, the flat plate test assembly includes a first flat plate test piece 11 and a second flat plate test piece 12. Both the first flat plate test piece 11 and the second flat plate test piece 12 include a composite material plate 101 and a metal plate 102 that are stacked at intervals up and down, and two edge rubber strips 103 and multiple intermediate rubber strips 104 that are connected between the composite plate and the metal plate 102. The two edge rubber strips 103 are respectively close to both sides of the composite material plate 101 in the width direction, so that the middle parts of the composite material plate 101 and the metal plate 102 are spaced apart. The multiple intermediate rubber strips 104 are sequentially arranged at intervals in the middle position of the composite material plate 101, so that the middle parts of the composite material plate 101 and the metal plate 102 are locally connected. On both sides of the first flat plate test piece 11 and the second flat plate test piece 12 close to the width direction, there are also multiple mounting holes 105 that are sequentially spaced and penetrate the plate surface. The mounting holes 105 sequentially penetrate the composite material plate 101, the edge rubber strip 103, and the metal plate 102.

[0027] Preferably, as Figure 3a and Figure 4a shown, the first flat plate test piece 11 and the second flat plate test piece 12 only differ in the number and / or arrangement mode of the intermediate rubber strips 104, and the rest of the structural settings are exactly the same. While reducing the processing and preparation difficulty and improving the processing efficiency, by keeping the macroscopic dimensions unchanged and designing the number and position of the intermediate rubber strips 104, a typical failure mode can be ensured, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the test.

[0028] In this alternative solution, as Figure 5a , Figure 5b and Figure 5c shown, the impact contact - fluid - solid coupling test bench includes a first support assembly 41 vertically supported, and an intake section 42, a test section 43, and a suction device for generating suction force that are supported on the first support assembly 41 and are sequentially arranged front and back and communicate to form an engine intake air flow path, as well as an air cannon 44 for launching projectiles and a high - speed photography recorder 45 for high - speed photography. The first flat plate test piece 11 or the second flat plate test piece 12 is fixed on the bottom plate of the test section 43. The bottom plate of the test section 43 gradually extends upward and obliquely so that the first flat plate test piece 11 or the second flat plate test piece 12 fixed thereon is aligned with the intake port of the intake section 42, and a part of the wall surface of the test section 43 is a transparent plate made of a transparent material. The air cannons 44 are arranged at intervals in front of the intake section 42, and the high - speed photography recorder 45 is located outside the test section 43. In this alternative solution, the suction device includes a transfer section 54 communicated with the outlet end of the air flow path, and a suction fan 57 connected to the transfer section 54.

[0029] In this alternative solution, the test evaluation process in the step of "flat plate test verification" includes: in the bird / hail projection test, the high-pressure gas in the air cannon 44 pushes the sabot loaded with the bird / hail to accelerate forward. The sabot separates from the projectile at the muzzle separator, and the projectile moves forward at the calibrated speed. The bird / ice projectile moving in a straight line horizontally enters the intake air duct, and the high-speed video camera 45 installed on the outside records the movement process of the bird / ice. The suction fan 57 provides a low-pressure suction air source for the high-speed air suction channel. The evaluation criterion is that the high-speed video camera 45 records the complete movement trajectory of the bird / ice, which determines that the test is valid. The specific process includes: a flow velocity calibration step, a projectile velocity calibration step, and a trajectory test step. The specific operations of each operation step are as follows: The flow velocity calibration step specifically includes: S101: Arrange the differential pressure anemometer probe in the intake air duct; S102: Turn on the suction fan 57 and slowly adjust the power of the suction fan 57 until the required test wind speed value is reached and record it; S103: Record the power of the suction fan 57 corresponding to the test wind speed when the required test wind speed value is reached; After the flow velocity calibration step is completed, the projectile velocity calibration step begins, which specifically includes: S201: Make artificial bird projectiles and ice ball projectiles with the same mass as in the actual working conditions; S202: Set up and debug the high-speed video camera 45 and the speed measurement and shooting system connected to the high-speed video camera 45; S203: According to the projectile velocity curve of the air cannon 44, combined with the actual projectile mass, obtain the required inflation pressure; S204: Apply the calculated inflation pressure to launch the projectile and test the projectile exit velocity; S205: Adjust the inflation pressure according to the target projectile velocity and launch the projectile again to test the projectile velocity; S206: Repeat steps S201 - S205 until the inflation pressure for calibrating the test target projectile velocity is obtained.

[0030] After the projectile velocity calibration step is completed, the trajectory test step begins, which specifically includes: S301: Set up the test bench, debug the speed measurement and shooting system, and clean the test tools beside the test bench; S302: Weigh the made sabot, take out the projectile and put it in the sabot and weigh it again, and record the values of the two weighings on the record form; S303: Turn on the suction fan 57 to the calibrated power; S304: After ensuring that the speed of the high-speed camera recorder 45 is reset to 0 and there are no errors in the signal analysis software and the high-speed camera images, inflation can begin. After loading the projectile, start operating the high-speed camera recorder 45 to record the impact process. Specifically, the high-speed camera recorder 45 is synchronously triggered in the form of a high level by the trigger key of the air cannon control system to record the impact process. S305: After the impact ends, turn off the suction motor. S306: Conduct preliminary data processing, extract the impact speed and movement process of the projectile, record the projectile speed and the firing pressure of the air cannon 44 on the test record form, and assign a test number according to the type of projectile, projectile speed, and flow rate. S307: Remove the projectile holder and projectile fragments, clean them, and then reassemble them for the next set of tests.

[0031] Optionally, as Figure 6a shown, the sector test piece 2 is formed by cutting the sector area with a real particle separator or is specially designed and prepared, and the prepared sector test piece 2 has the structural and geometric parameter characteristics of the particle separator. Further, as Figure 6b shown, the sector test piece 2 includes an inner wall plate assembly 21 and an outer wall plate assembly 22 that are arranged at intervals inside and outside and are in a sector shape, and a sector main flow channel 201 with a sector cross-section and a curved extension is formed in the gap between the outer wall plate assembly 22 and the inner wall plate assembly 21. The outer wall plate assembly 22 has a sector separation flow channel 202 with a sector cross-section and communicating with the sector main flow channel 201. As Figure 7a and Figure 7b shown, the full-ring test piece 3 includes an inner wall plate ring member 31 and an outer wall plate ring member 32 that are arranged at intervals inside and outside and are in a ring shape, and a full-ring main flow channel 301 with a ring shape and a curved extension is formed in the gap between the outer wall plate ring member 32 and the inner wall plate ring member 31. The outer wall plate ring member 32 has a full-ring separation flow channel 302 with a ring shape and communicating with the full-ring main flow channel 301.

[0032] Optionally, as Figure 6a 、 Figure 6b and Figure 6cAs shown in the figure, the particle separator sector flow channel bird / ice high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench includes a second support assembly 46 vertically installed, a front support 47 and a rear support 48 connected to the front and rear ends of the sector test piece 2, multiple closing plates 49, two sets of collection and suction devices respectively used for collecting separated substances and generating suction force, an air cannon 44 for launching projectiles, and a high-speed photography recorder 45 for high-speed photography. Multiple closing plates 49 are respectively connected between the outer wall plate assembly 22 and the inner wall plate assembly 21 to seal the circumference of the sector main flow channel 201 and the sector separation flow channel 202, and some of the closing plates 49 are transparent plates made of transparent materials. The air inlet on the front support 47 communicates with the air inlet end of the sector main flow channel 201, one side of the air outlet on the rear support 48 communicates with the air outlet end of the sector main flow channel 201, and the other side communicates with one set of collection and suction devices, and the other set of collection and suction devices communicates with the air outlet end of the sector separation flow channel 202. The air cannons 44 are arranged at intervals in front of the front support 47, and the high-speed photography recorder 45 is located outside the sector test piece 2. In this alternative solution, the collection and suction device includes an adapter section 54 connected to the sector main flow channel 201 or the sector separation flow channel 202, a suction pipeline 55 connected to the adapter section 54, a collection device 56 connected to the suction pipeline 55, and a suction fan 57 connected to the collection device 56.

[0033] Furthermore, the step of "sector test verification" specifically includes the following steps: Use a real separator sector cutting piece or a specially designed and prepared sector test piece to form the sector test piece 2; Particle separator sector flow channel bird / ice high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench; Carry out bird / ice impact and separation tests and evaluations on the sector test piece 2 with the structural and geometric parameter characteristics of the particle separator under the action of air flow.

[0034] Specifically, the tests and evaluations include: in the bird / hail projection test, the high-pressure gas in the air cannon 44 pushes the projectile holder loaded with bird / hail to accelerate forward, the projectile holder separates from the projectile at the muzzle separator, and the projectile moves forward at a calibrated speed; the bird / ice projectile moving in a straight line in the horizontal direction enters the sector main flow channel 201, and the high-speed photography recorder 45 installed on the outside records the movement process of the bird / ice; the collection device 56 with bird / ice is installed behind the high-speed air flow suction channel, and the bird / ice projectile can be recycled and processed after each group of tests, and a suction fan 57 is connected behind each collection device 56 to provide a low-pressure suction air source for the high-speed air flow suction channel. The specific process includes: a flow velocity calibration step, a projectile velocity calibration step, and a trajectory test step. The specific operations of each operation step are as follows: The flow velocity calibration step specifically includes: S101: Arrange the differential pressure anemometer probe in the sector main flow channel 201 and the sector separation flow channel 202; S102: Turn on the suction fan 57 and slowly adjust the power of the suction fan 57 until the required test wind speed value is reached and record it; S103: Record the power of the suction fan 57 corresponding to the test wind speed value that reaches the required test wind speed.

[0035] After the flow velocity calibration step is completed, start the bullet velocity calibration step, which specifically includes: S201: Make artificial bird bullets and ice ball bullets of the same diameter with the same mass as in the actual working condition; S202: Set up and debug the high-speed video camera 45 and the speed measurement shooting system connected to the high-speed video camera 45; S203: According to the bullet velocity curve of the air cannon 44, combine the actual bullet mass to obtain the required inflation pressure; S204: Apply the calculated inflation pressure to launch the bullet and test the muzzle velocity of the bullet; S205: Adjust the inflation pressure according to the target bullet velocity and launch the bullet again to test the bullet velocity; S206: Repeat steps S201 - S205 until the inflation pressure for the test target bullet velocity is calibrated.

[0036] After the bullet velocity calibration step is completed, start the trajectory test step, which specifically includes: S301: Set up the test bench, debug the speed measurement shooting system, and clean the test tools beside the test bench; S302: Weigh the made bullet holder, take out the bullet and put it in the bullet holder and weigh it again, and record the values of the two weighings on the test record form; S303: Turn on the suction fan 57 to the calibrated power; S304: After ensuring that the speed of the high-speed video camera 45 is reset to 0 and the signal analysis software and the high-speed video screen are correct, start inflating. After loading the bullet, start operating the high-speed video camera 45 to record the impact process; specifically, the high-speed video camera 45 is synchronously triggered by the trigger key of the air cannon control system in the form of a high level to record the impact process; S305: Turn off the suction motor after the impact ends; S306: Conduct preliminary data processing, extract the impact velocity and movement process of the bullet body, record the bullet velocity and the firing pressure of the air cannon 44 on the test record form, and conduct test numbering according to the bullet type, bullet velocity, and flow velocity; S307: Take out the bullet holder and bullet fragments, clean them and then reassemble them for the next group of tests.

[0037] Optionally, such as Figure 7a 、 Figure 7b and Figure 7cAs shown in the figure, the full-circulation channel bird / ice high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench for the particle separator includes a fixed support 51 vertically erected, an inner transfer cylinder 52 and an outer transfer cylinder 53 which are sleeved inside and outside and the first ends of which are respectively connected to the fixed support 51, two sets of collection and suction devices respectively used for collecting separated substances and generating suction force, an air cannon 44 for launching projectiles, and a high-speed photography recorder 45 for high-speed photography. The second ends of both the inner transfer cylinder 52 and the outer transfer cylinder 53 axially extend into the inner wall plate ring 31 and are respectively connected to the front mounting edge 58 and the rear mounting edge 59 at both ends of the inner wall plate ring 31. The two sets of collection and suction devices are respectively connected to the air outlet ends of the full-ring main flow channel 301 and the full-ring separation flow channel 302. The air cannons 44 are arranged at intervals in front of the fixed support 51, and the high-speed photography recorder 45 is located outside the full-ring test piece 3. In this optional solution, the collection and suction device includes a transfer section 54 connected to the full-ring main flow channel 301 or the full-ring separation flow channel 302, a suction pipeline 55 connected to the transfer section 54, a collection device 56 connected to the suction pipeline 55, and a suction fan 57 connected to the collection device 56.

[0038] Further, the step of "full-ring test verification" specifically includes the following steps: Design a scaled-down part reflecting the true structure of the particle separator or the true part of the particle separator; Construct a full-circulation channel bird / ice high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench for the particle separator; Carry out bird / ice impact and separation tests on the true part or scaled-down part of the particle separator under the action of air flow and evaluate.

[0039] Specifically, the test and evaluation include: in the bird / hail projection test, the high-pressure gas in the air cannon 44 pushes the projectile holder with the bird / hail forward to accelerate, the projectile holder separates from the projectile at the muzzle separator, and the projectile moves forward at the calibrated speed; the bird / ice moving in a straight line in the horizontal direction enters the full-ring main flow channel 301, and the high-speed photography recorder 45 installed on the side records the movement process of the bird / ice; the collection device 56 with the bird / ice is installed behind the high-speed air flow suction channel, and the bird / ice projectiles can be recycled and processed after each group of tests, and a suction fan 57 is connected behind each collection device 56 to provide a low-pressure suction air source for the high-speed air flow suction channel. The specific process includes: a flow velocity calibration step, a projectile velocity calibration step and a trajectory test step, and the specific operations of each operation step are as follows: S101: Arrange the differential pressure anemometer probe in the full-ring main flow channel 301 and the full-ring separation flow channel 302; S102: Turn on the suction fan 57 and slowly adjust the power of the suction fan 57 until the test required wind speed value is reached and record it; S103: Record the power of the suction fan 57 corresponding to the test wind speed reaching the test required wind speed value.

[0040] After the flow velocity calibration step is completed, start the bullet velocity calibration step, which specifically includes: S201: Fabricate artificial bird projectiles and ice ball projectiles with the same mass as in the actual working conditions and the same diameter; S202: Set up and debug the high-speed video camera 45, and connect the velocity measurement shooting system to the high-speed video camera 45; S203: Based on the bullet velocity curve of the air cannon 44, obtain the required inflation pressure by combining the actual projectile mass; S204: Apply the calculated inflation pressure to launch the projectile and test the projectile's exit velocity; S205: Adjust the inflation pressure according to the target bullet velocity and launch the projectile again to test the bullet velocity; S206: Repeat steps S201 - S205 until the inflation pressure for the test target bullet velocity is calibrated.

[0041] After the bullet velocity calibration step is completed, start the trajectory test step, which specifically includes: S301: Set up the test bench, debug the velocity measurement shooting system, and clean the test tools beside the test bench; S302: Weigh the fabricated projectile holder, place the projectile in the projectile holder and weigh it again, and record the values of the two weighings on the record sheet; S303: Turn on the suction fan 57 to the calibrated power; S304: After ensuring that the speed of the high-speed video camera 45 is reset to 0 and the signal analysis software and the high-speed video are correct, start inflating. After loading the projectile, start operating the high-speed video camera 45 to record the impact process; specifically, the high-speed video camera 45 is synchronously triggered in the form of a high level by the trigger key of the air cannon control system to record the impact process; S305: Turn off the suction motor after the impact ends; S306: Conduct preliminary data processing, extract the impact velocity and movement process of the projectile body, record the bullet velocity and the firing pressure of the air cannon 44 on the test record sheet, and conduct test numbering according to the projectile type, bullet velocity, and flow velocity; S307: Take out the projectile holder and projectile fragments, clean them, and then reassemble them for the next group of tests.

[0042] Further, in step S307, the specific operation is as follows: First, turn off the fill light, start disassembling the projectile holder separator. After removing the inner block in the projectile holder separator, take out the projectile holder. Ensure that there are no broken projectile holders and foam in the projectile holder separator, then wipe the inner wall of the projectile holder separator and reinstall the projectile holder separator; then turn on the projectile collection device 56, take out the bird / ice projectile remains, and reseal the collection device 56; finally, turn on the fill light, tighten the spigot of the projectile holder separator, and start the next group of tests.

[0043] In the specific steps of the above-mentioned "sector test verification" and "full-ring test", for the separation efficiency of the particle separator for birds / ice, the bird separation efficiency is calculated as the ratio of the excluded weight (i.e., the weight of the birds discharged into the sector separation channel 202 or the full-ring separation channel 302) to the total weight, and the excluded weight of the birds needs to be weighed after being collected by the collection device 56; in the ice ball bombing, if the ice ball is completely broken, it is considered to be completely excluded. The collection device 56 with the internal filter structure of the cylindrical shell is located between the suction pipe 55 and the suction fan 57, realizing the collection of bird remains while ensuring the stability of the gas source.

[0044] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A step verification method for the separation characteristics of birds / foreign objects other than ice by a particle separator, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Flat plate test verification: Analyze and simplify the front combined inner wall structure of the inner wall plate assembly (21) of the particle separator, then construct a flat plate test assembly for the front combined inner wall. Next, build an impact contact-fluid solid coupling test bench with a suction function according to the flow channel state of the engine intake duct. Finally, conduct a bird-ice impact test under the inclined state of the flat plate test piece in the intake air flow channel to evaluate the rebound and action characteristics of birds / ice on the surface of typical structures in the air flow under the action of impact contact-fluid solid coupling; Sector test verification: Obtain a sector test piece (2) with the structural and geometric parameter characteristics of the particle separator and in a sector shape. Then build a test bench for the high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristics of birds / ice in the sector flow channel of the particle separator. Finally, conduct a bird-ice impact and separation test on the sector test piece (2) under the action of air flow to evaluate the separation characteristics of the particle separator structure for birds / ice of the sector test piece (2) under approximate working conditions; Full ring test verification: Obtain a real part or a scaled-down part of the particle separator to form a full ring test piece (3). Then build a test bench for the high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristics of birds / ice in the full ring flow channel of the particle separator. Finally, conduct a bird-ice impact and separation test on the full ring test piece (3) under the action of air flow to evaluate the full ring separation efficiency and structural response of the scaled-down part under approximate working conditions or the real part under real working conditions; 2. The step verification method for the bird / ice foreign object separation characteristics of the particle separator according to claim 1, wherein The flat plate test assembly includes a first flat plate test piece (11) and a second flat plate test piece (12); both the first flat plate test piece (11) and the second flat plate test piece (12) include a composite plate (101) and a metal plate (102) stacked at intervals up and down, and two edge rubber strips (103) and multiple intermediate rubber strips (104) connected between the composite plate and the metal plate (102); the two edge rubber strips (103) are respectively close to both sides in the width direction of the composite plate (101) to separate the middle parts of the composite plate (101) and the metal plate (102) at intervals; the multiple intermediate rubber strips (104) are arranged at intervals in sequence at the middle position of the composite plate (101) to locally connect the middle parts of the composite plate (101) and the metal plate (102); on both sides of the first flat plate test piece (11) and the second flat plate test piece (12) close to the width direction, there are also provided multiple mounting holes (105) arranged at intervals in sequence and penetrating through the plate surface, and the mounting holes (105) penetrate through the composite plate (101), the edge rubber strip (103), and the metal plate (102) in sequence.

3. The method for step-by-step verification of the bird / ice foreign object separation characteristics of the particle separator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first flat plate test piece (11) and the second flat plate test piece (12) are only different in the number and / or arrangement mode of the intermediate rubber strips (104), and the rest of the structural settings are exactly the same.

4. The method for step-by-step verification of the bird / ice foreign object separation characteristics of the particle separator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The impact contact - fluid - solid coupling test bench includes a first support assembly (41) vertically erected, and an intake section (42), a test section (43), and a suction device for generating suction force that are sequentially arranged front - to - back on the first support assembly (41) and are connected to form an engine intake air flow path, as well as an air cannon (44) for launching projectiles and a high - speed photography recorder (45) for high - speed photography; the first flat test piece (11) or the second flat test piece (12) is fixed on the bottom plate of the test section (43), and the bottom plate of the test section (43) gradually extends upwardly and obliquely so that the first flat test piece (11) or the second flat test piece (12) fixed thereon is aligned with the intake port of the intake section (42), and a part of the wall surface of the test section (43) is a transparent plate made of a transparent material; the air cannons (44) are arranged at intervals in front of the intake section (42), and the high - speed photography recorder (45) is located outside the test section (43).

5. The method for step-by-step verification of the bird / foreign object separation characteristics of the particle separator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sector test piece (2) is formed by cutting a sector area from a real particle separator or is specially designed and prepared, and the prepared sector test piece (2) has the structural and geometric parameter characteristics of a particle separator; the sector test piece (2) includes an inner wall plate assembly (21) and an outer wall plate assembly (22) that are arranged at intervals inside and outside and are in a sector shape, and a sector - shaped main flow path (201) with a sector - shaped cross - section and a curved extension is formed by the gap between the outer wall plate assembly (22) and the inner wall plate assembly (21), and a sector - shaped separation flow path (202) with a sector - shaped cross - section and communicating with the sector - shaped main flow path (201) is provided inside the outer wall plate assembly (22); the full - ring test piece (3) includes an inner wall plate ring (31) and an outer wall plate ring (32) that are arranged at intervals inside and outside and are in a ring shape, and a full - ring main flow path (301) with a ring - shaped cross - section and a curved extension is formed by the gap between the outer wall plate ring (32) and the inner wall plate ring (31), and a full - ring separation flow path (302) that is in a ring shape and communicates with the full - ring main flow path (301) is provided inside the outer wall plate ring (32).

6. The method for step-by-step verification of the bird / foreign object separation characteristics of the particle separator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The particle separator sector flow channel bird / ice high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench includes a second support assembly (46) vertically erected, a front support (47) and a rear support (48) connected to the front and rear ends of the sector test piece (2), multiple closing plates (49), two sets of collection and suction devices respectively used for collecting separated substances and generating suction force, an air cannon (44) for launching projectiles, and a high-speed photography recorder (45) for high-speed photography; the multiple closing plates (49) are respectively connected between the outer wall plate assembly (22) and the inner wall plate assembly (21) to circumferentially enclose the sector main flow channel (201) and the sector separation flow channel (202), and some of the closing plates (49) are transparent plates made of transparent materials; the air inlet on the front support (47) communicates with the air inlet end of the sector main flow channel (201), one side of the air outlet on the rear support (48) communicates with the air outlet end of the sector main flow channel (201), and the other side communicates with one set of collection and suction devices, and the other set of collection and suction devices communicates with the air outlet end of the sector separation flow channel (202); the air cannons (44) are arranged at intervals in front of the front support (47), and the high-speed photography recorder (45) is located outside the sector test piece (2).

7. The method for step-by-step verification of the bird / foreign object separation characteristics of the particle separator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The particle separator full-circulation flow channel bird / ice high-speed swallowing and pneumatic separation characteristic test bench includes a fixed support (51) vertically erected, an inner transfer cylinder (52) and an outer transfer cylinder (53) which are sleeved inside and outside and whose first ends are respectively connected to the fixed support (51), two sets of collection and suction devices respectively used for collecting separated substances and generating suction force, an air cannon (44) for launching projectiles, and a high-speed photography recorder (45) for high-speed photography; the second ends of both the inner transfer cylinder (52) and the outer transfer cylinder (53) axially extend into the inner wall plate ring (31) and are respectively connected to two sets of transfer flanges inside the inner wall plate ring (31); the two sets of collection and suction devices are respectively connected to the air outlet ends of the full-ring main flow channel (301) and the full-ring separation flow channel (302); the air cannons (44) are arranged at intervals in front of the fixed support (51), and the high-speed photography recorder (45) is located outside the full-ring test piece (3).

8. The method for step-by-step verification of the bird / foreign object separation characteristics of the particle separator according to claim 7, wherein The suction device includes a transfer section (54) communicated with the air outlet end of the air inlet flow channel, and a suction fan (57) connected to the transfer section (54); the collection and suction device includes a transfer section (54) connected to the sector main flow channel (201) or the sector separation flow channel (202) or the full-ring main flow channel (301) or the full-ring separation flow channel (302), a suction pipeline (55) connected to the transfer section (54), a collection device (56) connected to the suction pipeline (55), and a suction fan (57) connected to the collection device (56); the test verification processes of the flat plate test verification, the sector test verification, and the full-ring test verification all include a flow velocity calibration step for calibrating the test flow velocity, a projectile velocity calibration step for calibrating the test target projectile velocity, and a trajectory test step for obtaining the separation trajectory in sequence.

9. The particle separator bird / ice foreign object separation characteristic step-by-step verification method according to claim 8, wherein The flow velocity calibration steps specifically include: S101: Arrange the differential pressure anemometer probe in the inlet air flow channel, the fan-shaped main flow channel (201), the fan-shaped separation flow channel (202), the full-ring main flow channel (301), and the full-ring separation flow channel (302); S102: Turn on the suction fan (57) and slowly adjust the power of the suction fan (57) until the test required wind speed value is reached and record it; S103: Record the power of the suction fan (57) corresponding to the test wind speed when the test required wind speed value is reached; After the flow velocity calibration steps are completed, start the bullet speed calibration steps, which specifically include: S201: Make artificial bird bullets and ice ball bullets with the same mass as in the actual working condition; S202: Set up and debug the high-speed photography recorder (45), and connect the speed measurement and shooting system of the high-speed photography recorder (45); S203: According to the bullet speed curve of the air cannon (44), combined with the actual bullet mass, obtain the required inflation pressure; S204: Apply the calculated inflation pressure to launch the bullet and test the bullet exit speed; S205: Adjust the inflation pressure according to the target bullet speed and launch the bullet again to test the bullet speed; S206: Repeat steps S201 - S205 until the inflation pressure for the test target bullet speed is calibrated.

10. The method for step-by-step verification of the bird / ice foreign object separation characteristics of a particle separator according to claim 9, characterized in that, After the bullet speed calibration steps are completed, start the trajectory test steps, which specifically include: S301: Set up the test bench, debug the speed measurement and shooting system, and clean the test tools beside the test bench; S302: Weigh the made bullet holder, take out the bullet and put it in the bullet holder and weigh it again, and record the values of the two weighings on the record form; S303: Turn on the suction fan (57) to the calibrated power; S304: After ensuring that the speed of the high-speed photography recorder (45) is reset to 0 and the signal analysis software and the high-speed photography screen are correct, start inflating. After loading the bullet, start operating the high-speed photography recorder (45) to record the impact process; S305: Turn off the suction motor after the impact ends; S306: Conduct preliminary data processing, extract the bullet impact speed and movement process, record the bullet speed and the firing pressure of the air cannon (44) on the test record form, and conduct test numbering according to the bullet type, bullet speed, and flow velocity; S307: Take out the bullet holder and bullet fragments, clean them, and then reassemble them for the next group of tests.

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