Ion chain and preparation method and device thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an ion chain and a preparation method and device thereof, and belongs to the technical field of quantum computing. The ion chain comprises a first type of ions and a second type of ions. The adjacent first type of ions in the ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ions. The ion valence of the first type of ions and the ion valence of the second type of ions are both positive values or negative values, the ion valence of the first type of ions is different from the ion valence of the second type of ions, and the energy level of the first type of ions is different from the energy level of the second type of ions. The problem that a quantum computer cannot independently control ions in the ion chain can be solved, and the ion chain provided by the invention is used for quantum calculation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of quantum computing, and particularly relates to an ion chain, a preparation method thereof, and a device thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of quantum computing technology, quantum computers applying quantum computing technology have emerged. Quantum computers have gained people's favor due to their relatively fast processing capabilities.

[0003] During the process of quantum computing by a quantum computer, it is usually necessary to independently control the ions in the ion chain. However, when two adjacent ions in the ion chain are the same, when the quantum computer controls one of the two ions, the other ion is often also controlled, resulting in mutual crosstalk between the two ions, and thus the independent control of any one of the two ions cannot be achieved.

[0004] The accuracy of quantum computing depends on the independent control of the ions in the ion chain by the quantum computer. In the case where the quantum computer cannot independently control the ions in the ion chain, the accuracy of quantum computing cannot be guaranteed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides an ion chain, a preparation method thereof, and a device thereof, which can solve the problem that a quantum computer cannot independently control the ions in the ion chain. The solutions provided by the present application are as follows.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides an ion chain, including: first-type ions and second-type ions. Second-type ions are doped between adjacent first-type ions. For example, at least one second-type ion separates adjacent first-type ions in the ion chain. In the present application, taking the number of second-type ions between every two first-type ions as 1 as an example, in this case, the first-type ions and the second-type ions in the ion chain are arranged alternately one by one.

[0007] The ions arranged at both ends of the ion chain can both be first-type ions, or the ions arranged at both ends of the ion chain are both second-type ions, or one of the ions arranged at both ends of the ion chain is a first-type ion and the other is a second-type ion.

[0008] The ionic valences of the first type of ions and the second type of ions are both positive or both negative. The absolute value of the ionic valence of the first type of ions can be higher than the absolute value of the ionic valence of the second type of ions, or the absolute value of the ionic valence of the first type of ions is lower than the absolute value of the ionic valence of the second type of ions. In short, the ionic valence of the first type of ions is different from the ionic valence of the second type of ions. In addition, the energy level of the first type of ions can be greater than the energy level of the second type of ions, or the energy level of the first type of ions is less than the energy level of the second type of ions. In short, the energy level of the first type of ions is different from the energy level of the second type of ions.

[0009] The first type of ions and the second type of ions are ions of the same element or ions of different elements.

[0010] Since in the ion chain provided by the embodiments of the present application, the first type of ions are separated by the second type of ions, the ionic valences of the first type of ions and the second type of ions are both positive or both negative, and the ionic valence of the first type of ions is different from the ionic valence of the second type of ions. Therefore, under the action of the ions with a higher absolute value of the ionic valence among the first type of ions and the second type of ions, the mutual force (Coulomb force) between adjacent first type of ions and second type of ions is larger, so that the distance between adjacent first type of ions is larger. In this way, the crosstalk between adjacent first type of ions is reduced, which is beneficial to the independent manipulation of the first type of ions by the quantum computer. And, since the energy level of the second type of ions is different from the energy level of the first type of ions, during the process of quantum computing, when manipulating the first type of ions, it will not affect the second type of ions, avoiding the crosstalk between the first type of ions and the second type of ions.

[0011] On the premise of the same crosstalk, the solution provided by the embodiments of the present application can relax the requirement for the beam waist of the laser beam corresponding to the ions, allowing the size of the beam waist to be at least one time larger than the minimum limit value of this size. In this way, the adverse effect of aberration on the spatial morphology of the light spot during the focusing process can be reduced, thereby improving the fidelity of ion addressing manipulation in a large-scale ion chain.

[0012] Optionally, on the basis of the ion chain provided by the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application also support reducing the beam waist of the laser beam, for example, reducing the beam waist to the limit value.

[0013] In addition, the embodiments of the present application do not reduce the crosstalk between ions by reducing the axial trap frequency, so it will not cause a decrease in the cooling efficiency of the ions. And, in the embodiments of the present application, there is no need to reduce the beam waist of the laser beam corresponding to the ions. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application allow the size of the beam waist of the laser beam to be larger, thus avoiding the increase in the requirements for the optical path complexity, process complexity, and aberration compensation difficulty caused by the reduction of the beam waist of the laser beam.

[0014] Second aspect, the present application also provides an ionic crystal, which is a two-dimensional crystal or a three-dimensional crystal, and the ionic crystal includes the ionic chain designed in any one of the first aspect. Additionally, when at least two ionic chains in the ionic crystal are the ionic chains provided by the embodiments of the present application, these at least two ionic chains can be the same or different.

[0015] Third aspect, the present application provides an ionic chain preparation device, which includes: a control unit, an ion preparation unit, and an ion trap; the control unit is configured to: control the ion preparation unit to prepare a first type of ion and a second type of ion; the ionic valence of the first type of ion and the ionic valence of the second type of ion are both positive or both negative, the ionic valence of the first type of ion is different from the ionic valence of the second type of ion, and the energy level of the first type of ion is different from the energy level of the second type of ion; control the ion trap to trap the first type of ion and the second type of ion prepared by the ion preparation unit; control the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ionic chain, and the target ionic chain is the ionic chain designed in any one of the first aspect; adjacent first type of ions in the target ionic chain are separated by at least one second type of ion.

[0016] Since in the ionic chain prepared by the ionic chain preparation device provided by the embodiments of the present application, the first type of ions are separated by the second type of ions, the ionic valence of the first type of ion and the ionic valence of the second type of ion are both positive or both negative, and the ionic valence of the first type of ion is different from the ionic valence of the second type of ion, therefore, under the action of the ion with a higher absolute value of the ionic valence among the first type of ions and the second type of ions, the interaction force between adjacent first type of ions and second type of ions is relatively large, so that the distance between adjacent first type of ions is relatively large. In this way, the crosstalk between adjacent first type of ions is reduced, which is beneficial to the independent manipulation of the first type of ions by the quantum computer. And, since the energy level of the second type of ion is different from the energy level of the first type of ion, therefore, when manipulating the first type of ions during the quantum computing process, it will not affect the second type of ions, avoiding the crosstalk between the first type of ions and the second type of ions.

[0017] There are various ways for the control unit to control the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ionic chain.

[0018] (1) In the first achievable manner in which the control unit controls the ion trap to sort ions, the control unit is configured to: when controlling the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap, control the ion trap to apply a second electric field to the ions trapped in the ion trap. It can be understood that the ion trap has multiple electrodes. The control unit can determine the voltages to be applied to each of the multiple electrodes according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap, and then control each electrode in the ion trap to apply the corresponding voltage, thereby achieving the application of the second electric field to the trapped ions.

[0019] Optionally, the control unit is configured to: after controlling the ion trap to apply the second electric field, if the ions trapped in the ion trap are not arranged into the target ion chain, according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap, control the ion trap to adjust the second electric field until the ions trapped in the ion trap are arranged into the target ion chain.

[0020] (2) In the second achievable manner in which the control unit controls the ion trap to sort ions, when the control unit controls the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, it can be used to control the ion trap to adjust the third electric field applied axially to the ions trapped in the ion trap at least once until the ions trapped in the ion trap are arranged into the target ion chain; wherein, this axis is parallel to the extension direction of the target ion chain.

[0021] In this second achievable manner, the control unit controls the ion trap to adjust (perturb) the third electric field so that the binding force exerted on the ions trapped in the ion trap axially changes, thereby changing the arrangement of these ions. After each adjustment of the third electric field, the control unit can also control the detection unit to detect the distribution of the ions in the ion trap to determine whether the ions in the ion trap have been arranged into the target ion chain. If the ions in the ion trap have not been arranged into the target ion chain, then the control unit can control the ion trap to continue adjusting the third electric field; thereafter, the control unit can continue to control the detection unit to detect the distribution of the ions in the ion trap to determine whether the ions in the ion trap have been arranged into the target ion chain; if the ions in the ion trap have not been arranged into the target ion chain, then the control unit can continue to control the ion trap to adjust the third electric field, and so on. During this process, if the ions in the ion trap are arranged into the target ion chain, then the control unit can stop controlling the ion trap to adjust the third electric field.

[0022] When the control unit controls the ion trap to adjust the third electric field, it can first increase the third electric field and then decrease the third electric field to first compress and then relax the ions trapped in the ion trap. Of course, the adjustment of the third electric field can also be to first decrease the third electric field and then increase the third electric field; alternatively, the adjustment of the third electric field can also be to only increase or only decrease the third electric field. In addition, the processes of different adjustments to the third electric field can be the same or different.

[0023] Compared with the first implementation method, in the second implementation method, the control unit does not control the ion trap to apply or adjust the electric field according to the distribution of ions in the ion trap. Therefore, in the second implementation method, the control unit does not need to determine the electric field to be applied to each electrode in the ion trap according to the distribution of ions in the ion trap. Therefore, the second implementation method is simpler than the first implementation method. When the length of the target ion chain to be prepared is short, compared with the first implementation method, the second implementation method takes less time to prepare the target ion chain. However, when the length of the target ion chain to be prepared is long, since the second implementation method requires more times to adjust the third electric field, compared with the second implementation method, the first implementation method takes less time to prepare the target ion chain.

[0024] The control unit can control the ion preparation unit to prepare each ion in the target ion chain at one time, or can control the ion preparation unit to prepare the ions in the target ion chain multiple times. Exemplarily, the control unit can control the ion preparation unit to sequentially prepare multiple ion groups. The target ion chain includes multiple ion groups, and each ion group includes at least one ion (that is, one ion or multiple ions). Each ion group can include at least one of the first type of ions and the second type of ions. Different ion groups can be the same or different, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0025] Optionally, the ion trap has a first region and a second region. The ion preparation unit sequentially prepares multiple ion groups in the first region. In this case, when the control unit controls the ion trap to trap the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit, it can, after each ion group is prepared by the ion preparation unit, control the ion trap to perform a trapping operation on the one ion group; wherein, the trapping operation includes: trapping the one ion group in the first region of the ion trap, and moving the one ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping.

[0026] Further, when the ion preparation unit sequentially prepares multiple ion groups in the first region of the ion trap, and the control unit controls the ion trap to perform a trapping operation on each ion group obtained by the ion preparation unit, the above-mentioned trapping operation may further include: before moving the above-mentioned one ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, adjusting the first electric field applied axially to the one ion group trapped in the first region at least once until the one ion group forms an initial ion chain; wherein, the axis is parallel to the extending direction of the target ion chain; when the one ion group includes a first type of ion and a second type of ion, and the one ion group includes multiple first type of ions, adjacent first type of ions in the initial ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ion.

[0027] In this case, after the control unit controls the ion preparation unit to obtain each ion group, it may also refer to the second achievable manner in which the control unit controls the ion trap to sort ions, and control the ion trap to sort the ions in the one ion group to obtain an initial ion chain, so that there are no adjacent first type of ions in the initial ion chain. In addition, the initial ion chains formed by different ion groups may be the same or different, and the present application does not limit this.

[0028] Since there are various ways to form the initial ion chain, and the initial ion chains formed by different ion groups may be the same or different, when the control unit controls the ion chains formed by every two ion groups to be connected into a new ion chain, there may be the following two cases. The following takes the example of connecting the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group (i≥1) and the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group among multiple ion groups into a new ion chain to explain these two cases.

[0029] Case 1: The ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group include the second type of ion. For example, the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are both the second type of ion; or, the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group are the first type of ion, and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are the second type of ion; or, the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group are the second type of ion, and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are the first type of ion.

[0030] The first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group is the end that is about to be connected to the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group, and the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group is the end that is about to be connected to the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group. In Case 1, since the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group include the second type of ions, directly connecting the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group to the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group will not result in consecutive first type of ions in the newly formed ion chain. Therefore, when the control unit controls the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into the target ion chain, after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, the control unit can directly connect the ions at the first end to the ions at the second end to form a new ion chain.

[0031] Case 2: The ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are both the first type of ions.

[0032] In Case 2, since the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are both the first type of ions, directly connecting the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group to the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group will result in consecutive first type of ions in the newly formed ion chain. Therefore, when the control unit controls the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into the target ion chain, after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, the control unit can connect the ions at the first end to the ions at the second end through the second type of ions to form a new ion chain.

[0033] In this case, the target ion chain includes not only multiple ion groups but also auxiliary ions (the second type of ions) used to connect the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group. Correspondingly, the control unit is used to control the ion preparation unit to prepare auxiliary ions in the first region, control the ion trap to trap the auxiliary ions in the first region, and then move the auxiliary ions from the first region to the second region for trapping. When the control unit controls the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into the target ion chain, the control unit can, after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, connect the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group into an ion chain through the auxiliary ions.

[0034] Fourth aspect, the present application also provides a method for preparing an ion chain, which is executed by a control unit in an ion chain preparation device. The ion chain preparation device further includes: an ion preparation unit and an ion trap; the method includes: the control unit controls the ion preparation unit to prepare a first type of ions and a second type of ions; the ion valence of the first type of ions and the ion valence of the second type of ions are both positive or both negative, the ion valence of the first type of ions is different from the ion valence of the second type of ions, and the energy level of the first type of ions is different from the energy level of the second type of ions; then, the control unit controls the ion trap to trap the first type of ions and the second type of ions prepared by the ion preparation unit; finally, the control unit controls the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, and the target ion chain is the ion chain designed in any one of the first aspect; in the target ion chain, adjacent first type of ions are separated by at least one second type of ion.

[0035] Since in the ion chain prepared by the ion chain preparation method provided by the embodiment of the present application, the first type of ions are separated by the second type of ions, the ion valence of the first type of ions and the ion valence of the second type of ions are both positive or both negative, and the ion valence of the first type of ions is different from the ion valence of the second type of ions, therefore, under the action of the ions with a higher absolute value of the ion valence among the first type of ions and the second type of ions, the mutual force between adjacent first type of ions and second type of ions is relatively large, so that the distance between adjacent first type of ions is relatively large. In this way, the crosstalk between adjacent first type of ions is reduced, which is beneficial to the independent manipulation of the first type of ions by the quantum computer. And, since the energy level of the second type of ions is different from the energy level of the first type of ions, therefore, during the quantum computing process, when manipulating the first type of ions, it will not affect the second type of ions, avoiding the crosstalk between the first type of ions and the second type of ions.

[0036] There are various ways for the control unit to control the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain.

[0037] (1) In the first realizable way for the control unit to control the ion trap to sort ions, when the control unit controls the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap, the control unit controls the ion trap to apply a second electric field to the ions trapped in the ion trap. It can be understood that the ion trap has multiple electrodes. The control unit can determine the voltage to be applied to each electrode among the multiple electrodes according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap, and then control each electrode in the ion trap to apply the corresponding voltage, so as to realize applying a second electric field to the trapped ions.

[0038] Optionally, after the control unit controls the ion trap to apply the second electric field, if the ions trapped in the ion trap are not arranged in the target ion chain, the control unit controls the ion trap to adjust the second electric field according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap until the ions trapped in the ion trap are arranged in the target ion chain.

[0039] (2) In the second achievable manner for the control unit to control the ion trap to sort ions, when the control unit controls the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions in the target ion chain, the control unit can control the ion trap to adjust the third electric field applied axially to the ions trapped in the ion trap at least once until the ions trapped in the ion trap are arranged in the target ion chain; wherein, this axis is parallel to the extending direction of the target ion chain.

[0040] In this second achievable manner, the control unit controls the ion trap to adjust (perturb) the third electric field so that the binding force exerted on the ions trapped in the ion trap axially changes, thereby changing the arrangement of these ions. After each adjustment of the third electric field, the control unit can also control the detection unit to detect the distribution of the ions in the ion trap to determine whether the ions in the ion trap have been arranged in the target ion chain. If the ions in the ion trap have not been arranged in the target ion chain, then the control unit can control the ion trap to continue to adjust the third electric field; then, the control unit can continue to control the detection unit to detect the distribution of the ions in the ion trap to determine whether the ions in the ion trap have been arranged in the target ion chain; if the ions in the ion trap have not been arranged in the target ion chain, then the control unit can continue to control the ion trap to adjust the third electric field, and so on. During this process, if the ions in the ion trap are arranged in the target ion chain, then the control unit can stop controlling the ion trap to adjust the third electric field.

[0041] When the control unit controls the ion trap to adjust the third electric field, it can first increase the third electric field and then decrease the third electric field to first squeeze and then relax the ions trapped in the ion trap. Of course, the adjustment of the third electric field can also be to first decrease the third electric field and then increase the third electric field; or, the adjustment of the third electric field can also be to only increase or only decrease the third electric field. In addition, the processes of different adjustments of the third electric field can be the same or different.

[0042] Compared with the first implementation method, in the second implementation method, the control unit does not control the ion trap to apply or adjust the electric field according to the distribution of ions in the ion trap. Therefore, in the second implementation method, the control unit does not need to determine the electric field to be applied to each electrode in the ion trap according to the distribution of ions in the ion trap. Therefore, the second implementation method is simpler than the first implementation method. When the length of the target ion chain to be prepared is short, compared with the first implementation method, the second implementation method takes less time to prepare the target ion chain. However, when the length of the target ion chain to be prepared is long, since the second implementation method needs to adjust the third electric field more times, compared with the second implementation method, the first implementation method takes less time to prepare the target ion chain.

[0043] The control unit can control the ion preparation unit to prepare each ion in the target ion chain at one time, or can control the ion preparation unit to prepare the ions in the target ion chain multiple times. Exemplarily, the control unit can control the ion preparation unit to sequentially prepare multiple ion groups. The target ion chain includes multiple ion groups, and each ion group includes at least one ion (that is, one ion or multiple ions). Each ion group can include at least one of the first type of ions and the second type of ions. Different ion groups can be the same or different, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0044] Optionally, the ion trap has a first region and a second region. The ion preparation unit sequentially prepares multiple ion groups in the first region. In this case, when the control unit controls the ion trap to trap the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit, after the ion preparation unit prepares each ion group, the control unit can control the ion trap to perform a trapping operation on the ion group; wherein, the trapping operation includes: trapping the ion group in the first region of the ion trap, and moving the ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping.

[0045] Further, when the ion preparation unit sequentially prepares multiple ion groups in the first region of the ion trap, and the control unit controls the ion trap to perform a trapping operation on each ion group after the ion preparation unit prepares each ion group, the above-mentioned trapping operation can further include: before moving the ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, adjusting the first electric field applied axially to the ion group trapped in the first region at least once until the ion group is arranged into an initial ion chain; wherein, the axis is parallel to the extending direction of the target ion chain; when the ion group includes the first type of ions and the second type of ions, and the ion group includes multiple first type of ions, adjacent first type of ions in the initial ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ion.

[0046] In this case, after the control unit controls the ion preparation unit to prepare each ion group, it can also refer to the second realizable manner in which the control unit controls the ion trap to sort ions, and control the ion trap to sort the ions in the ion group to obtain an initial ion chain, so that there are no adjacent first-type ions in the initial ion chain. In addition, the initial ion chains formed by different ion groups can be the same or different, and the present application does not limit this.

[0047] Since there are various ways to realize the initial ion chain, and the initial ion chains formed by different ion groups can be the same or different, therefore, when the control unit controls the ion chains formed by every two ion groups to be connected into a new ion chain, there can be the following two cases. The following takes the example of connecting the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group (i≥1) in multiple ion groups and the initial ion chain formed by the i+1-th ion group into a new ion chain to explain these two cases.

[0048] Case 1: The ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the i+1-th ion group include second-type ions. For example, the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the i+1-th ion group are both second-type ions; or, the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group are first-type ions, and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the i+1-th ion group are second-type ions; or, the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group are second-type ions, and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the i+1-th ion group are first-type ions.

[0049] The first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group is the end to be connected to the initial ion chain formed by the i+1-th ion group, and the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the i+1-th ion group is the end to be connected to the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group. In Case 1, since the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the i+1-th ion group include second-type ions, therefore, directly connecting the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the i+1-th ion group will not cause continuous first-type ions to appear in the newly formed ion chain. Therefore, when the control unit controls the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, after moving the i+1-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, it can directly connect the ions at the first end and the ions at the second end into a new ion chain.

[0050] Case 2: The ion at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the $i$-th ion group and the ion at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the $(i + 1)$-th ion group are both of the first type.

[0051] In Case 2, since the ion at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the $i$-th ion group and the ion at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the $(i + 1)$-th ion group are both of the first type, directly connecting the ion at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the $i$-th ion group and the ion at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the $(i + 1)$-th ion group will result in consecutive first-type ions in the newly formed ion chain. Therefore, when the control unit controls the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into the target ion chain, after moving the $(i + 1)$-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, the ion at the first end and the ion at the second end can be connected into a new ion chain through the second-type ions.

[0052] In this case, the target ion chain not only includes multiple ion groups but also includes auxiliary ions (second-type ions) used to connect the initial ion chain formed by the $i$-th ion group and the initial ion chain formed by the $(i + 1)$-th ion group. Correspondingly, the control unit controls the ion preparation unit to prepare auxiliary ions in the first region, controls the ion trap to trap the auxiliary ions in the first region, and then moves the auxiliary ions from the first region to the second region for trapping. When the control unit controls the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into the target ion chain, after moving the $(i + 1)$-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, the ion at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the $i$-th ion group and the ion at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the $(i + 1)$-th ion group can be connected into an ion chain through the auxiliary ions.

[0053] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a chip, including: an ion trap, and the ion chain according to any one of the designs in the first aspect, where the ion trap is used to trap the ion chain. The ion chain in the chip can also be replaced with the ion crystal according to any one of the designs in the second aspect of the present application.

[0054] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a quantum computer, including: a manipulation device, and the chip according to the fifth aspect, where the manipulation device is used to manipulate the first-type ions in the ion chain in the chip.

[0055] The effects of the above third aspect to the sixth aspect can refer to the effects of the corresponding designs in the first aspect and the second aspect, and the present application will not elaborate here. Description of the Drawings

[0056] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the alignment of a laser beam and ions provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the relationship between the position of an ion and the Gaussian distribution of a laser beam provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the reduction of the ion spacing after the reduction of the axial trap frequency provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of an ion chain provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of another ion chain provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of yet another ion chain provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of an ion chain preparation device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the change of the ion chain before and after adjusting the third electric field provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of each region in an ion trap provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a quantum computer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 11 Flow chart of a method for preparing an ion chain provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of a control unit provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0068] A quantum computer is a new type of computer, and a quantum computer has faster processing power compared with a classical computer.

[0069] Bits in a classical computer can only be in the 0 state or the 1 state; while in a quantum computer, quantum bits are used to store information. A quantum bit not only has the 0 state and the 1 state, but also has a superposition state of the 0 state and the 1 state; therefore, a quantum bit can be in the 0 state, the 1 state or the superposition state. When a certain quantum bit is in the superposition state, the operation of the quantum computer on this quantum bit can act on the 0 state and the 1 state simultaneously. Thus, increasing the number of quantum bits can exponentially increase the information processing ability of the quantum computer.

[0070] A qubit can be implemented by ions trapped in an ion trap in a quantum computer. The state of the qubit can be the energy level of the ion. The manipulation device in the quantum computer can manipulate the ions trapped in the ion trap by means of lasers or microwaves, such as changing the energy level of the ions, so as to realize relevant quantum computing.

[0071] Ion traps can be used in processes such as the preparation of the initial state of ions, coherent manipulation in quantum computing, and two-qubit gates in quantum computing. Moreover, an ion trap can trap an ion chain containing multiple ions (such as several, dozens, hundreds, etc.) (or trap a two-dimensional ion crystal or a three-dimensional ion crystal including the ion chain). The manipulation device in the quantum computer can independently manipulate each ion in the ion chain, so as to make full use of the Hilbert space size that increases exponentially with the number of qubits. Among them, the independent manipulation of ions by the manipulation device is also called independent addressing.

[0072] Exemplarily, take the case where the manipulation device manipulates the ions in the ion chain by a laser as an example. As Figure 1 shown, the manipulation device can split a laser (which can be called a global laser) to obtain multiple laser beams corresponding one-to-one to the multiple ions in the ion chain (each laser beam can be called addressing light); then, the manipulation device aligns the multiple laser beams with the multiple ions in the ion chain so that the waist of each laser beam hits the corresponding ion. Finally, the manipulation device can realize the manipulation of the ion corresponding to the laser beam by controlling the on / off of a single laser beam.

[0073] However, the ions in the ion chain are the same, the distance between adjacent ions is relatively small (such as on the order of micrometers), and the intensity of the laser beam is Gaussian distributed in the radial direction (perpendicular to the extension direction of the ion chain). When using a laser beam to manipulate the corresponding ion, other ions adjacent to the ion will feel a relatively small laser intensity, so that the other ions are "wrongly" manipulated. In this way, it is impossible to realize the independent manipulation of the ion corresponding to the laser beam. In this case, there is crosstalk between adjacent ions, thus affecting the accuracy of quantum computing.

[0074] Exemplarily, as Figure 2 shown, assume that ions 1, 2, and 3 are arranged in sequence. When manipulating ion 1 by the laser beam corresponding to ion 1, the intensity of this laser beam is Gaussian distributed in the radial direction. At this time, the laser intensity felt by ion 2 is the highest; at the same time, since both ion 1 and ion 3 are relatively close to ion 2, ion 1 and ion 3 will also feel a relatively small laser intensity. In this way, not only can ion 1 be manipulated by the corresponding laser beam, but ions 2 and 3 will also be manipulated by this laser beam. It can be seen that there is crosstalk between ion 1 and ion 2, and there is also crosstalk between ion 1 and ion 3.

[0075] Furthermore, the smaller the waist of the laser beam corresponding to the ions, or the larger the distance between adjacent ions in the ion chain, the less crosstalk between adjacent ions and the higher the accuracy of quantum computing. Therefore, in order to reduce the crosstalk between adjacent ions, in related technologies, the waist of the laser beam can be reduced, and / or the distance between adjacent ions in the ion chain can be increased. However, when the waist of the laser beam is reduced to the limit size, the crosstalk between ions is still relatively large. Therefore, the method of reducing the waist of the laser beam is difficult to effectively solve the problem of large crosstalk between adjacent ions. Therefore, most related technologies focus on the method of increasing the ion spacing to reduce crosstalk.

[0076] Exemplarily, in related technologies, the ion spacing can be increased by reducing the electric field applied to the ion chain by the ion trap in the axial direction (the extending direction of the ion chain). The greater the electric field applied by the ion trap to the ion chain in the axial direction, the greater the binding strength of the ion trap to the ions in the ion chain in this axial direction; the smaller the electric field applied by the ion trap to the ion chain in the axial direction, the smaller the binding strength of the ion trap to the ions in the ion chain in this axial direction. The binding strength of the ion trap to the ions can be referred to as the trap frequency of the ion trap, and the binding strength of the ion trap to the ions in the axial direction is referred to as the axial trap frequency. When the axial trap frequency decreases, the binding strength of the ion trap to the ions in the ion chain in the axial direction decreases. At this time, the distance between the ions in the ion chain decreases. As Figure 3 shown, assuming that the axial trap frequency of the ion trap at time 1 is greater than the axial trap frequency at time 2, then the ion spacing 1 at time 1 is greater than the ion spacing 2 at time 2. It can be seen that after the axial trap frequency decreases, the ion spacing also decreases.

[0077] However, reducing the axial trap frequency will lead to a decrease in the cooling efficiency of the ions, affecting the efficiency of the initialization process (including the cooling of the ions) before quantum computing. Moreover, reducing the axial trap frequency has limited improvement on the ion spacing, resulting in a still relatively large distance between the ions in the ion chain and still relatively large crosstalk between adjacent ions.

[0078] An embodiment of the present application provides an ion chain. The distance between the ions in this ion chain has a relatively large improvement compared with related technologies. Therefore, the crosstalk between adjacent ions in this ion chain is relatively greatly reduced compared with related technologies.

[0079] Exemplarily, as Figure 4 shown, the ion chain provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: a first type of ion 01 and a second type of ion 02, and adjacent first type of ions 01 in the ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ion 02. Figure 4 Taking the ion chain including three first type of ions 01 and two second type of ions 02 as an example, and, each two adjacent first type of ions 01 are separated by one second type of ion 02. It can be seen that the second type of ion 02 is doped between adjacent first type of ions 01.

[0080] It can be understood that the number of the first type of ions 01 in the ion chain may not be 3 either. For example, the number of the first type of ions 01 is any integer greater than 1 such as 2, 4, 5, 10, 100, etc.; and, the number of the second type of ions 02 between every two adjacent first type of ions 01 in the ion chain may not be 1 either. For example, this number is any integer greater than 1 such as 2, 3, 4, etc.; in addition, assuming that two adjacent first type of ions 01 form a group of first type of ions 01, then the number of the second type of ions 02 between different groups of first type of ions 01 may be the same or different. Figure 4 Taking the number of the second type of ions 02 between each group of first type of ions 01 as 1 as an example, in this case, the first type of ions 01 and the second type of ions 02 in the ion chain are arranged alternately one by one.

[0081] In addition, the ions arranged at both ends of the ion chain may both be the first type of ions 01, or the ions arranged at both ends of the ion chain are both the second type of ions 02, or, one of the ions arranged at both ends of the ion chain is the first type of ions 01 and the other ion is the second type of ions 02. Figure 4 Taking the ions arranged at both ends of the ion chain as the first type of ions 01 as an example.

[0082] The ionic valences of the first type of ions 01 and the second type of ions 02 are both positive or both negative. And, please continue to refer to Figure 4 , the absolute value of the ionic valence of the first type of ions 01 may be higher than the absolute value of the ionic valence of the second type of ions 02, or, the absolute value of the ionic valence of the first type of ions 01 is lower than the absolute value of the ionic valence of the second type of ions. In short, the ionic valences of the first type of ions 01 and the second type of ions 02 are different. In this way, under the action of the ions with a higher absolute value of the ionic valence among the first type of ions 01 and the second type of ions 02, the interaction force (which can be called Coulomb force) between adjacent first type of ions 01 and second type of ions 02 is larger, so that the distance between adjacent first type of ions 01 is larger. In the embodiment of the present application, the ions to be manipulated may be the first type of ions 01. In the embodiment of the present application, the absolute value of the ionic valence of the second type of ions 02 is taken as an example to be higher than the absolute value of the ionic valence of the first type of ions 01.

[0083] In addition, the energy level of the first type of ions 01 can be greater than that of the second type of ions 02, or the energy level of the first type of ions 01 can be less than that of the second type of ions 02. In short, the energy levels of the first type of ions 01 and the second type of ions 02 are different. It can be understood that if the energy levels of two ions are different, then when the control device controls one of the ions, it will not affect the other ion, that is, there will be no crosstalk between these two ions. Since the energy levels of the first type of ions 01 and the second type of ions 02 are different, therefore, during the quantum computing process, if the control device controls the first type of ions 01, then the second type of ions 02 will not be affected. So, the second type of ions 02 is equivalent to "dark ions", and there is no crosstalk between the first type of ions 01 and the second type of ions 02.

[0084] Optionally, the first type of ions 01 and the second type of ions 02 are ions of the same element or ions of different elements. And when the first type of ions 01 and the second type of ions 02 are ions of the same element, this same element can be calcium (Ca), ytterbium (Yb), barium (Ba), etc. By way of example, please refer to Figure 5 , the first type of ions 01 can be +1-valent calcium ions (denoted as Ca +1 ), and the second type of ions 02 can be +2-valent calcium ions (denoted as Ca +2 ). The wavelength of the laser used by the control device to control the +1-valent calcium ions is 729 nanometers, while the wavelength of the laser used by the control device to control the +2-valent calcium ions is below 200 nanometers (this laser is deep ultraviolet light). It can be seen that the wavelengths of the lasers used by the control device to control the +1-valent and +2-valent calcium ions differ significantly. When the control device controls the first type of ions 01, the second type of ions 02 will not be affected.

[0085] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present application, taking the ion chain including the first type of ions and the second type of ions as an example, it can be understood that in addition to including the first type of ions and the second type of ions, the ion chain can also include other ions, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0086] In summary, in the ion chain provided by the embodiments of the present application, the first type of ions are separated by the second type of ions, and the ionic valences of both the first type of ions and the second type of ions are positive or both are negative, and the ionic valence of the first type of ions is different from that of the second type of ions. Therefore, under the action of the ions with a higher absolute value of the ionic valence among the first type of ions and the second type of ions, the mutual force (Coulomb force) between adjacent first type of ions and the second type of ions is relatively large, so that the distance between adjacent first type of ions is relatively large. In this way, the crosstalk between adjacent first type of ions is reduced, which is beneficial to the independent manipulation of the first type of ions by the quantum computer. Moreover, since the energy levels of the second type of ions are different from those of the first type of ions, during the process of quantum computing, when manipulating the first type of ions, it will not affect the second type of ions, thus avoiding the crosstalk between the first type of ions and the second type of ions.

[0087] Exemplarily, in the embodiments of the present application, the distance between adjacent first type of ions can be in the order of micrometers. Figure 5 In the shown ion chain, the distance between adjacent first type of ions is approximately 15 micrometers. If, as Figure 6 shown, the +2-valent calcium ions in Figure 5 are replaced with +1-valent calcium ions, then the distance between adjacent first type of ions in the obtained ion chain is approximately 6 micrometers. It can be seen that, compared with the ion chain containing only the first type of ions, the distance between adjacent first type of ions in the ion chain provided by the embodiments of the present application ( Figure 5 the shown ion chain) is increased.

[0088] Taking the diameter of the beam waist of the laser beam corresponding to the ions as 5 micrometers as an example, assuming that the manipulation device manipulates the target ions (the first type of ions) through the laser beam corresponding to the target ions, the crosstalk error is the ratio of the laser intensity felt by the first type of ions adjacent to the target ions to the laser intensity felt by the target ions. Then, for the case where all the ions in the ion chain are the first type of ions, the crosstalk error is about 6%; while for the ion chain provided by the embodiments of the present application, the crosstalk error is about 10 -8 (much less than 6%). It can be seen that the crosstalk between adjacent first type of ions in the ion chain provided by the embodiments of the present application is relatively small.

[0089] Optionally, the difference between the absolute value of the ionic valence of the first type of ions 01 and the absolute value of the ionic valence of the second type of ions 02 can be 1, or greater than 1. The larger this difference is, the larger the distance between adjacent first type of ions 01 is, and the smaller the crosstalk between adjacent first type of ions is. Moreover, the larger this difference is, the shorter the quantum gate time in the process of quantum computing. Therefore, in the quantum computing scenario where a shorter quantum gate time is required, this difference can be set to be larger.

[0090] On the premise of the same crosstalk, the solution provided by the embodiments of the present application can relax the requirements for the beam waist of the laser beam corresponding to the ions, allowing the size of the beam waist to be at least one time greater than the minimum limit value of this size. In this way, the adverse effects of aberration on the spatial morphology of the light spot during the focusing process can be reduced, thereby improving the fidelity of ion addressing manipulation in a large-scale ion chain.

[0091] Optionally, based on the ion chain provided by the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application also support reducing the beam waist of the laser beam, for example, reducing the beam waist to the limit value.

[0092] In addition, the embodiments of the present application do not reduce the crosstalk between ions by reducing the axial trap frequency. Therefore, it will not cause a decrease in the cooling efficiency of the ions. And in the embodiments of the present application, there is no need to reduce the beam waist of the laser beam corresponding to the ions. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application allow the size of the beam waist of the laser beam to be relatively large. Therefore, an increase in the requirements for the optical path complexity, process complexity, and aberration compensation difficulty due to a reduction in the beam waist of the laser beam is avoided.

[0093] Based on the ion chain provided by the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application also provide an ion crystal including the ion chain. The ion crystal can be a one-dimensional crystal, a two-dimensional crystal, or a three-dimensional crystal. When the ion crystal is a one-dimensional crystal, the ion crystal is the ion chain. When the ion crystal is a two-dimensional crystal or a three-dimensional crystal, the ion crystal includes multiple ion chains, and at least one of the multiple ion chains is the ion chain provided by the embodiments of the present application. In addition, when at least two of the multiple ion chains are the ion chains provided by the embodiments of the present application, the at least two ion chains can be the same or different.

[0094] The embodiments of the present application also provide an ion chain preparation device for preparing the above-mentioned ion chain. It can be understood that the object prepared by the ion chain preparation device includes the ion chain provided by the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the object prepared by the ion chain preparation device can be the ion chain provided by the embodiments of the present application, or the object can be an ion crystal including the ion chain. The embodiments of the present application do not make any limitations in this regard.

[0095] Exemplarily, as Figure 7 shown, the ion chain preparation device includes: a control unit 601, an ion preparation unit 602, and an ion trap 603.

[0096] The control unit 601 is used to control the ion preparation unit 602 to prepare the first type of ions and the second type of ions; the ionic valences of the first type of ions and the second type of ions are both positive or both negative, the ionic valence of the first type of ions is different from that of the second type of ions, and the energy level of the second type of ions is higher than that of the first type of ions. The control unit 601 can control the ion preparation unit 602 to prepare the corresponding number of such ions according to the number of each type of ion required in the target ion chain. Exemplarily, assuming the target ion chain is Figure 4 the ion chain shown, then, the control unit 601 can control the ion preparation unit 602 to prepare three first type of ions and two second type of ions.

[0097] The control unit 601 is further used to control the ion trap 603 to trap the first type of ions and the second type of ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602. Exemplarily, the first type of ions and the second type of ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 can be transported into the ion trap 603, and then, the control unit 601 can control the ion trap 603 to trap the first type of ions and the second type of ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 in the ion trap 603 by applying an electric field to the ions in the ion trap 603.

[0098] The control unit 601 is further used to control the ion trap 603 to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain. The target ion chain is any one of the ion chains provided in the embodiments of the present application (such as Figure 4 or Figure 5 the ion chain shown), and adjacent first type of ions in the target ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ion.

[0099] According to the above content, the ion chain preparation device first prepares the required first type of ions and second type of ions, and then traps and sorts the prepared ions to obtain the required target ion chain.

[0100] In summary, since in the ion chain prepared by the ion chain preparation device provided in the embodiments of the present application, the first type of ions are separated by the second type of ions, the ionic valences of the first type of ions and the second type of ions are both positive or both negative, and the ionic valence of the first type of ions is different from that of the second type of ions, therefore, under the action of the ions with a higher absolute value of the ionic valence among the first type of ions and the second type of ions, the mutual force between adjacent first type of ions and second type of ions is relatively large, so that the distance between adjacent first type of ions is relatively large. In this way, the crosstalk between adjacent first type of ions is reduced, which is beneficial to the independent manipulation of the first type of ions by the quantum computer. And, since the energy level of the second type of ions is different from that of the first type of ions, during the process of quantum computing, when manipulating the first type of ions, it will not affect the second type of ions, avoiding the crosstalk between the first type of ions and the second type of ions.

[0101] In addition, the target ion chain prepared by the ion chain preparation device provided in the embodiments of the present application also has a relatively long lifespan. Taking the first type of ion as a monovalent ion and the second type of ion as a divalent ion as an example, the lifespan of the monovalent ion can be as long as several months at most, and the lifespan of the divalent ion can be as long as several days at most. The lifespan of the entire target ion chain can reach several days, and this lifespan far exceeds the time required for quantum computing.

[0102] The control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain in a variety of ways.

[0103] (1) In the first achievable way for the control unit 601 to control the ion trap 603 to sort ions, when the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, it can control the ion trap 603 to apply a second electric field to the ions trapped in the ion trap according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap 603. It can be understood that the ion trap 603 has multiple electrodes. The control unit 601 can determine the voltage to be applied to each of these electrodes according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap 603, and then control each electrode in the ion trap 603 to apply the corresponding voltage, so as to achieve applying a second electric field to the trapped ions. The voltages on each electrode in the ion trap 603 can form a voltage sequence. The control unit 601 can first determine this voltage sequence, and then control each electrode in the ion trap 603 to apply the corresponding voltage according to this voltage sequence.

[0104] Optionally, the ion chain preparation device may further include a detection unit ( Figure 7 not shown in the figure). The distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap 603 can be detected by the detection unit. The detection unit may include a second laser and a detector. The control unit 601 can control the second laser to emit detection laser light to the ions trapped in the ion trap 603, so that these ions reflect fluorescence under the action of the detection laser light; then, the detector can receive the fluorescence reflected by these ions and determine the type (such as the first type of ion, the second type of ion) and distribution of each ion trapped in the ion trap 603 according to this fluorescence. Optionally, before the detector determines the type and distribution of each ion trapped in the ion trap 603 according to this fluorescence, it may also amplify the optical signal of this fluorescence (such as amplifying the signal of this fluorescence through a photomultiplier). The detector here can also be called an imaging module. The detector includes components such as an imaging optical path and an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) for reading out the fluorescence scattered by the ions.

[0105] Further, after the control unit 603 controls the ion trap 603 to apply a second electric field to the trapped ions, when the ions trapped in the ion trap 603 are not arranged in a target ion chain, the control unit 603 can also be used to control the ion trap 603 to adjust the second electric field according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap 603 until the ions trapped in the ion trap 603 are arranged in a target ion chain.

[0106] Exemplarily, after the control unit 603 controls the ion trap 603 to apply a second electric field, the control unit 603 can control the detection unit to detect the distribution of the ions in the ion trap 603 to determine whether the ions in the ion trap 603 have been arranged in a target ion chain. If the ions in the ion trap 603 have not been arranged in a target ion chain (possibly due to errors), then the control unit can control the ion trap 603 to adjust the second electric field according to the current distribution of the ions in the ion trap; thereafter, the control unit 601 can continue to control the detection unit to detect the distribution of the ions in the ion trap 603 to determine whether the ions in the ion trap 603 have been arranged in a target ion chain; if the ions in the ion trap 603 have not been arranged in a target ion chain, then the control unit 601 can continue to control the ion trap 603 to adjust the second electric field according to the current distribution of the ions in the ion trap, and so on. During this process, if the ions in the ion trap 603 are arranged in a target ion chain, then the control unit 601 can stop controlling the ion trap 603 to adjust the second electric field. It can be understood that after the control unit 603 controls the ion trap 603 to apply a second electric field, it can also not control the ion trap 603 to adjust the second electric field, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0107] The ion chain preparation device may further include a cooling unit ( Figure 7 not shown in the figure). Before the control unit 601 controls the detection unit to detect the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap 603 each time, the control unit 601 can also control the cooling unit to cool the ions trapped in the ion trap 603 (such as Doppler cooling). It can be seen that the number of times the control unit 601 controls the detection unit to detect the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap 603 is the same as the number of times the control unit 601 controls the cooling unit to cool the ions trapped in the ion trap 603. If the control unit 601 controls the detection unit to detect the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap 603 twice, then the control unit 601 controls the cooling unit to cool the ions trapped in the ion trap 603 twice.

[0108] The cooling unit may include a third laser. The cooling unit can use the third laser to emit cooling laser to the ions to cool the ions. Optionally, the third laser and the second laser in the detection unit are integrated, and the detection laser emitted by the second laser and the cooling laser emitted by the third laser may be the same or different.

[0109] After determining that the ions in the ion trap 603 are arranged in a target ion chain, the control unit 601 can also control the cooling unit to further cool the target ion chain (such as electromagnetic sympathetic transparent cooling or sideband cooling), so as to cool the vibration modes of the ions in the target ion chain to the ground state.

[0110] (2) In the second achievable manner in which the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to sort the ions, when the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to arrange the trapped ions in a target ion chain, it can be used to control the ion trap 603 to perform at least one adjustment on the third electric field applied axially to the trapped ions in the ion trap 603 until the trapped ions in the ion trap 603 are arranged in a target ion chain; wherein, this axis is parallel to the extension direction of the target ion chain.

[0111] In this second achievable manner, the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to adjust (perturb) the third electric field, so that the binding force received by the trapped ions in the ion trap 603 in the axial direction changes, thereby changing the arrangement mode of these ions. After each adjustment of the third electric field, the control unit 601 can also control the detection unit to detect the distribution of the ions in the ion trap 603 to determine whether the ions in the ion trap 603 have been arranged in a target ion chain. If the ions in the ion trap 603 have not been arranged in a target ion chain, then the control unit can control the ion trap 603 to continue to adjust the third electric field; thereafter, the control unit 601 can continue to control the detection unit to detect the distribution of the ions in the ion trap 603 to determine whether the ions in the ion trap 603 have been arranged in a target ion chain; if the ions in the ion trap 603 have not been arranged in a target ion chain, then the control unit 601 can continue to control the ion trap 603 to adjust the third electric field, and so on. During this process, if the ions in the ion trap 603 are arranged in a target ion chain, then the control unit 601 can stop controlling the ion trap 603 to adjust the third electric field.

[0112] When the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to adjust the third electric field, it can first increase the third electric field and then decrease the third electric field to first squeeze and then relax the ions trapped in the ion trap. Of course, the adjustment of the third electric field can also be to first decrease the third electric field and then increase the third electric field; or, the adjustment of the third electric field can also be to only increase or only decrease the third electric field. In addition, the processes of different adjustments of the third electric field can be the same or different.

[0113] After the ion trap 603 adjusts the third electric field, the trapped ions in the ion trap 603 will tend to be arranged in the lowest energy state. Ions with higher energy levels will tend to be arranged in the middle, while ions with lower energy levels will tend to be arranged on both sides. Exemplarily, such as Figure 8As shown, it is assumed that before adjusting the third electric field, there are two first-type ions 01 and one second-type ion 02 trapped in the ion trap 603, and the energy level of the second-type ion 02 is higher than that of the first-type ion 01. Among these three ions, one first-type ion 01 and one second-type ion 02 are arranged at both ends, and the other first-type ion 01 is arranged in the middle. Then, after the adjustment of the third electric field, the arrangement order of these three ions can be changed, for example, it becomes that two first-type ions 01 are arranged at both ends, and one second-type ion 02 is arranged in the middle.

[0114] Compared with the first implementation method, in the second implementation method, the control unit 601 does not control the ion trap 603 to apply or adjust the electric field according to the distribution of ions in the ion trap. Therefore, in the second implementation method, the control unit 601 does not need to determine the electric field to be applied to each electrode in the ion trap according to the distribution of ions in the ion trap. So, the second implementation method is simpler than the first implementation method. When the length of the target ion chain to be prepared is short, compared with the first implementation method, the second implementation method takes less time to prepare the target ion chain. However, when the length of the target ion chain to be prepared is long, since the second implementation method needs to adjust the third electric field more times, compared with the second implementation method, the first implementation method takes less time to prepare the target ion chain.

[0115] The first implementation method for the control unit 601 to control the ion trap 603 to sort ions can be applied to ion traps with more functions, such as chip traps (chip structures with multiple electrodes). The second implementation method for the control unit 601 to control the ion trap 603 to sort ions can be applied to non-chip traps with fewer functions, such as blade traps (also called segmented blade traps) or quadrupole traps.

[0116] According to the embodiments of the ion chain, the first-type ions and the second-type ions can be ions of the same element or different elements. On the one hand, when the first-type ions and the second-type ions are ions of different elements, the ion preparation unit 602 includes a part for preparing the first-type ions and a part for preparing the second-type ions. On the other hand, when the first-type ions and the second-type ions are ions of the same element, the part for preparing the first-type ions can be reused as the part for preparing the second-type ions. In this way, the structure of the ion preparation unit 602 is relatively simple, and the volume of the ion preparation unit 602 is small.

[0117] The part for preparing each type of ions in the ion preparation unit 602 may include: an atomic target and a first laser. When the ion preparation unit 602 prepares this type of ions, the first laser emits ablation laser towards the atomic target to make atoms detach from the atomic target. Then, the first laser can irradiate ionization laser on the atoms detached from the atomic target to ionize the atoms into this type of ions (atoms lose electrons to form ions). When the first type of ions and the second type of ions are ions of the same element, irradiating ionization laser on the atoms by the first laser can make a part of the atoms ionize into the first type of ions and another part of the atoms ionize into the second type of ions. The atomic target is solid, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the size of the atomic target. For example, the size of the positive projection of the atomic target on its bearing surface is a millimeter-scale size.

[0118] Exemplarily, the valence state of the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 is related to the energy (such as power) of the laser emitted by the first laser in the ion preparation unit 602. For example, when the energy of the laser emitted by the first laser is low, most of the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 are low-valence ions (such as monovalent ions); when the energy of the laser emitted by the first laser is high, the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 include not only low-valence ions but also some high-valence ions (such as divalent ions). Therefore, the control unit 601 can control the first laser in the ion preparation unit 602 to emit laser with corresponding energy according to the valence state of the ions to be prepared currently. Exemplarily, the generation of high-valence ions requires a certain power density. For example, at a power density of 1.5 joules per square centimeter, only monovalent aluminum ions are generated, while at a power density of 3.3 joules per square centimeter, the number of divalent aluminum ions generated is roughly the same as that of monovalent aluminum ions.

[0119] Assume that currently the first type of ions and the second type of ions need to be prepared. The first type of ions and the second type of ions are ions of the same element, the ionic valence of the first type of ions and the ionic valence of the second type of ions are both positive or both negative, and the ionic valence of the first type of ions is different from the ionic valence of the second type of ions. Then, the control unit 601 can control the first laser in the ion preparation unit 602 to emit laser with higher power so that the ion preparation unit 602 can prepare the first type of ions and the second type of ions simultaneously. The laser emitted by the first laser can be pulsed laser, and the control unit 601 can control the power of the pulsed laser emitted by the first laser by controlling the pulse duty cycle of the first laser. Optionally, the frequency of the pulsed laser can be the frequency corresponding to 1064 nanometers (1 / 1064 hertz), or twice, three times, etc. of the frequency corresponding to 1064 nanometers. The pulse width of the pulsed laser can be in the nanosecond order of magnitude, the single pulse energy of the pulsed laser is about 1 millijoule (or around 1 millijoule), and the free-running frequency (pulse frequency of the pulsed laser) can reach 10 kilohertz.

[0120] It can be seen that when the first type of ions and the second type of ions are ions of the same element, it means that one atomic target, one ablation light, and one ionization light can be used to simultaneously prepare the first type of ions and the second type of ions. Therefore, there is no need to use different atomic targets, different ablation lights, and different ionization lights. Therefore, the method for preparing the first type of ions and the second type of ions is relatively simple, and the structure of the ion preparation unit is relatively simple.

[0121] In the embodiment of the present application, taking the part of the ion preparation unit 602 for preparing each type of ions including an atomic target and a first laser as an example, optionally, the first laser in the part of the ion preparation unit 602 for preparing each type of ions can also be replaced with an electron beam device. The electron beam device can emit a first electron beam to the atomic target to cause atoms to detach from the atomic target. Then, the electron beam device can emit a second electron beam to the atoms detached from the atomic target to ionize the atoms into this type of ions. The electron beam device and the first laser can be collectively referred to as a bombardment module. The bombardment module is used for: bombarding the atomic target to cause atoms to detach from the atomic target; then, ionizing the atoms detached from the atomic target into ions. The electron beam device can obtain ions with a higher valence state compared to the first laser.

[0122] Similar to the first laser, the valence state of the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 is related to the energy of the electron beam emitted by the electron beam device in the ion preparation unit 602. For example, when the energy of the electron beam emitted by the electron beam device is low, most of the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 are low-valence ions (such as monovalent ions); when the energy of the electron beam emitted by the electron beam device is high, the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 include not only low-valence ions but also some high-valence ions (such as divalent ions). Therefore, the control unit 601 can control the electron beam device in the ion preparation unit 602 to emit an electron beam with corresponding energy according to the valence state of the ions to be prepared currently.

[0123] The control unit 601 can control the ion preparation unit 602 to prepare all the ions in the target ion chain at one time, or can also control the ion preparation unit 602 to prepare the ions in the target ion chain multiple times. Exemplarily, the control unit 601 can control the ion preparation unit 602 to sequentially prepare multiple ion groups. The target ion chain includes multiple ion groups, and each ion group includes at least one ion (that is, one ion or multiple ions). Each ion group can include at least one type of ion among the first type of ions and the second type of ions. Different ion groups can be the same or different, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0124] When the laser emitted by the first laser in the ion preparation unit 602 is pulsed laser, the control unit 601 can control the number of ions in the ion group obtained by each preparation of the ion preparation unit 602 by controlling the number of pulses of the first laser. For example, the control unit 601 can reduce the number of pulses to make the ion group including 1 ion obtained by each preparation of the ion preparation unit 602.

[0125] Optionally, as Figure 9 shown, the ion trap 603 has a first region 6031 and a second region 6032. The ion preparation unit 602 sequentially prepares multiple ion groups in the first region. In this case, when the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to trap the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit, after the ion preparation unit 602 obtains one ion group each time, the control unit 601 can control the ion trap 603 to perform a trapping operation on the one ion group; wherein, the trapping operation includes: trapping the one ion group in the first region 6031 of the ion trap 603, and moving the one ion group from the first region 6031 to the second region 6032 of the ion trap 603 for trapping. Wherein, the ion trap 603 can trap ions by applying an electric field to the ions. When the ion trap 603 moves the ions from the first region 6031 to the second region 6032, the electric field applied to the ions can be changed so that the ions move from the first region 6031 to the second region 6032 under the action of the electric field. It can be understood that when the control unit 601 controls the ion preparation unit 602 to sequentially prepare multiple ion groups, the ion preparation unit 602 may not necessarily prepare ions in the first region of the ion trap 603, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0126] In addition, before the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to move an ion group from the first region 6031 to the second region 6032 of the ion trap 603 for trapping, there may be other ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 trapped in the first region 6031. In this case, before the control unit controls the ion trap 603 to move an ion group from the first region 6031 to the second region 6032 of the ion trap 603 for trapping, the control unit can also control the ion trap 603 to separate the one ion group from the other ions trapped in the first region 6031.

[0127] Furthermore, before the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to move an ion group from the first region 6031 to the second region 6032 of the ion trap 603 for trapping, there may be other ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 trapped in the first region 6031. Moreover, the ions in this ion group and these other ions are also arranged in an ion chain. In this case, before the control unit controls the ion trap 603 to move an ion group from the first region 6031 to the second region 6032 of the ion trap 603 for trapping, it can also first exchange the ions in this ion group into one end of the ion chain close to the second region by means of ion exchange, and then control the ion trap 603 to separate this ion group from the other ions trapped in the first region 6031.

[0128] Further, when the ion preparation unit 602 sequentially prepares multiple ion groups in the first region of the ion trap 603, and the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to perform a trapping operation on each ion group obtained by the ion preparation unit 602, the above-mentioned trapping operation may further include: before moving the above-mentioned ion group from the first region 6031 to the second region 6032 for trapping, adjusting the first electric field applied axially to the above-mentioned ion group trapped in the first region 6031 at least once until the above-mentioned ion group is arranged in an initial ion chain; wherein, this axis is parallel to the extending direction of the target ion chain; when the above-mentioned ion group includes a first type of ion and a second type of ion, and the above-mentioned ion group includes multiple first type of ions, adjacent first type of ions in the initial ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ion.

[0129] In this case, after the control unit 601 controls the ion preparation unit 602 to obtain each ion group, it can also refer to the second achievable manner in which the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to sort ions, and control the ion trap 603 to sort the ions in this ion group to obtain an initial ion chain, so that there are no adjacent first type of ions in the initial ion chain. In addition, the initial ion chains arranged by different ion groups can be the same or different, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0130] After the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to sequentially move multiple initial ion chains to the second region 6032 for trapping, it can refer to the first achievable manner or the second achievable manner in which the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to sort ions, and sort the multiple initial ion chains trapped in the second region 6032.

[0131] Alternatively, after the control unit 601 moves the first ion group to the second region 6032 for trapping, after each subsequent movement of an ion group to the second region 6032 for trapping, the initial ion chain formed by the ion group can be connected to the initial ion chain formed by the previous ion group that was moved to the second region 6032 for trapping to form a new ion chain; finally, the initial ion chain formed by the last ion chain is connected to the initial ion chain formed by the penultimate ion chain to form the target ion chain.

[0132] The process by which the control unit 601 controls multiple ion chains to form a new ion chain is the reverse of the process by which the control unit 601 separates an ion from other ions. Therefore, for the process by which the control unit 601 controls multiple ion chains to form a new ion chain, reference can be made to the reverse process of the process by which the control unit 601 separates an ion from other ions, and this is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0133] Since there are various ways to implement the initial ion chain, and the initial ion chains formed by different ion groups can be the same or different, there are two cases when the control unit 601 controls the ion chains formed by every two ion groups to form a new ion chain. The following uses the example of connecting the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group (i≥1) in multiple ion groups and the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group to form a new ion chain to explain these two cases.

[0134] Case 1: The ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group include second-type ions. For example, the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are both second-type ions; or, the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group are first-type ions, and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are second-type ions; or, the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group are second-type ions, and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are first-type ions.

[0135] The first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group is the end that is about to be connected to the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group, and the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group is the end that is about to be connected to the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group. In Case 1, since the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group include the second type of ions, directly connecting the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group to the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group will not result in consecutive first type of ions in the newly formed ion chain. Therefore, when the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to arrange the trapped ions into the target ion chain, after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region 6031 to the second region 6032 for trapping, the ions at the first end can be directly connected to the ions at the second end to form a new ion chain.

[0136] Case 2: The ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are both the first type of ions.

[0137] In Case 2, since the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are both the first type of ions, directly connecting the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group to the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group will result in consecutive first type of ions in the newly formed ion chain. Therefore, when the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to arrange the trapped ions into the target ion chain, after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region 6031 to the second region 6032 for trapping, the ions at the first end can be connected to the ions at the second end through the second type of ions to form a new ion chain.

[0138] In this case, the target ion chain not only includes multiple ion groups, but also includes auxiliary ions (second type of ions) for connecting the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group. Correspondingly, the control unit 601 is configured to control the ion preparation unit 601 to prepare auxiliary ions in the first region 6031, control the ion trap 603 to trap the auxiliary ions in the first region 6031, and then move the auxiliary ions from the first region 6031 to the second region 6032 for trapping. When the control unit 603 arranges the trapped ions into a target ion chain, the control unit 603 can be configured to, after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, connect the ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group into an ion chain through the auxiliary ions.

[0139] It can be understood that, before the control unit 601 performs the trapping operation on the (i + 1)-th ion group, the ion trap 603 may have trapped at least one ion group after the (i + 1)-th ion group in the first region 6031 of the ion trap 603 (it can be seen that the trapping operation for this at least one ion group has started at this time). In the case where the control unit 601 prepares each ion in the target ion chain at one time by controlling the ion preparation unit 602, the control unit 601 can also control the ion trap 603 to perform the trapping operation on the above-mentioned multiple ion groups in sequence.

[0140] In addition, during the process of the ion preparation unit 602 preparing ions, the control unit 601 can also control the detection unit to detect the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 to detect whether the required ions are prepared. Taking the first type of ions as monovalent ions and the second type of ions as divalent ions as an example, the detection unit can determine whether the currently prepared ions are divalent ions by detecting whether the mass-to-charge ratio of the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit 602 is twice that of the monovalent ions.

[0141] Furthermore, the ion chain preparation device may further include a vacuum unit, and the vacuum unit is used to make the ion trap in a vacuum environment. The above-mentioned atomic target can also be in this vacuum environment, and the ions generated by the laser irradiation of the atomic target by the laser in the ion preparation unit are also in this vacuum environment.

[0142] The embodiment of the present application also provides a chip, which includes: any one of the ion traps in the above embodiments, and any one of the ion chains described in the above embodiments, and the ion trap is used to trap the ion chain. The ion chain in the chip can also be replaced with any one of the ion crystals provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0143] An embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum computer, including: a control device, and the chip provided by the embodiment of the present application. The chip includes any one of the ion traps and any one of the ion chains provided by the embodiment of the present application. The ion trap is used to confine the ion chain, and the control device is used to control the first type of ions in the ion chain in the chip. The ion chain in the quantum computer can also be replaced with any one of the ion crystals provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0144] The control device includes: a fourth laser and a beam splitter. The fourth laser is used to emit control laser light, and the beam splitter is used to split the control laser light to obtain laser beams corresponding to each of the first type of ions. After each of the first type of ions is matched with the corresponding laser beam, the laser beam corresponding to the ion is used to control the ion.

[0145] The matching of the ion with the corresponding laser beam is achieved by using a detection unit to observe the Rabi oscillation of the ion. When the laser beam hits the ion, it can be observed that the population of the ion switches between the bright state and the dark state. By scanning the action time of the laser beam, a Rabi oscillation curve can be obtained. By finely adjusting the relative position between the laser beam and the ion (which can be achieved by changing the position of the target ion chain), and scanning the Rabi oscillation curve, the time of Rabi flip can be obtained. When the time of Rabi flip reaches the minimum value, it indicates that the light intensity of the corresponding laser beam received by the ion reaches the maximum value. At this time, it can be considered that the matching of the laser beam with the ion is completed.

[0146] During the process of matching each of the first type of ions with the corresponding laser beam, one of the first type of ions can be first matched with the corresponding laser beam; then, the array configuration of each laser beam is adjusted so that each of the first type of ions on the target ion chain can be matched with the corresponding laser beam.

[0147] In the embodiment of the present application, taking the control device to control the first type of ions by laser beams as an example, optionally, the control device can also use the method of magnetic field gradient to control the first type of ions. In this case, it is possible to increase the energy level interval of the Zeeman sublevels of adjacent first type of ions on the premise that the magnetic field gradient remains unchanged, making the first type of ions easier to distinguish.

[0148] The quantum computer may further include the detection unit in the above embodiment. The detection unit is used to read out the energy levels (the states of the quantum bits) of each of the first type of ions after the control device controls the first type of ions.

[0149] Exemplarily, taking Figure 9Taking the ion trap shown as an example, in addition to including a first region 6031 and a second region 6032, the ion trap further includes a third region 6033. The first region 6031 is also called the loading region, the second region 6032 is also called the storage region, and the third region 6033 is also called the optical interaction region. When the control device needs to manipulate the first type of ions in the target ion chain, the control unit 601 can also control the ion trap 603 to move the target ion chain from the second region 6032 to the third region 6033 for trapping. For example, the control unit 601 controls the ion trap 603 to move the target ion chain from the second region 6032 to the third region 6033 for trapping in an adiabatic manner. After that, a fourth laser (not shown in the figure) emits a corresponding laser beam to the first type of ions to manipulate the first type of ions. The fourth laser can emit a laser beam under the control of the control unit 601. Finally, the control unit 601 controls the detection unit to read out the energy levels of the respective first type of ions in the target ion chain.

[0150] Optionally, the quantum computer may also include the ion chain preparation device provided in the embodiments of the present application. By way of example, taking Figure 10 the quantum computer shown as an example, as Figure 10 shown, the quantum computer includes: a vacuum unit, a chip (including the ion trap and ion chain provided in the present application), an atomic target, a control unit, a detector, and a laser unit.

[0151] The vacuum unit is used to provide a vacuum environment, and the chip and the atomic target are in this vacuum environment.

[0152] The laser unit includes: the first laser in the foregoing example preparation unit, the second laser in the foregoing detection unit, the third laser in the foregoing cooling unit, the fourth laser in the manipulation device, and a beam splitter. Among them, the first laser is used to emit ablation laser to the atomic target during the process of preparing ions, and emit ionization laser to the atoms detached from the atomic target. The second laser is used to emit detection laser to the ions during the process of detecting ions. The third laser is used to emit cooling laser to the ions during the process of cooling ions. The fourth laser is used to emit manipulation laser during the process of the manipulation device manipulating the first type of ions, and the beam splitter is used to split the manipulation laser to obtain laser beams corresponding to the respective first type of ions, and the laser beam corresponding to each ion is used to manipulate the ion.

[0153] The control unit is connected to the vacuum unit, the ion trap, the detector, and the laser unit, and is used to control the vacuum unit, the ion trap, the detector, and the laser unit to achieve the preparation of the target ion chain, the manipulation of the first type of ions in the target ion chain, and the reading out of the energy levels of the first type of ions.

[0154] In the embodiments of the present application, the control unit can generate control signals such as timing signals and switching signals (e.g., transistor-transistor logic (TTL)) to achieve the control of the objects that need to be controlled by the control unit. For example, the control unit can control the voltage on the electrodes in the ion trap by sending control signals to the ion trap; the control unit can control parameters such as the amplitude, frequency, and timing of the laser emitted by the laser (such as the above-mentioned first laser, second laser, third laser, fourth laser, etc.) by sending control signals to the laser, so that the laser emits the laser required currently. It can be understood that each laser in the embodiments of the present application can also be integrated into one laser, and the controller can control this one laser to enable this laser to realize the functions of each laser.

[0155] The embodiments of the present application also provide a method for preparing an ion chain, which is executed by the control unit in the ion chain preparation device in the foregoing embodiments. It can be understood that the object prepared by the method for preparing the ion chain includes the ion chain provided in the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the object prepared by the method for preparing the ion chain can be the ion chain provided in the embodiments of the present application, or the object can also be an ion crystal including the ion chain. The embodiments of the present application do not make any limitation in this regard.

[0156] The following will briefly introduce this preparation method. The details of the method for preparing the ion chain can refer to the relevant descriptions in the foregoing ion chain preparation device.

[0157] Exemplarily, as Figure 11 shown, the method for preparing the ion chain includes:

[0158] S101. The control unit controls the ion preparation unit to prepare the first type of ions and the second type of ions; the ionic valence of the first type of ions and the ionic valence of the second type of ions are both positive or both negative, the ionic valence of the first type of ions is different from the ionic valence of the second type of ions, and the energy level of the first type of ions is different from the energy level of the second type of ions;

[0159] The control unit can control the ion preparation unit to prepare the corresponding number of each type of ion required in the target ion chain according to the number of each type of ion. Exemplarily, assuming that the target ion chain is the ion chain as Figure 4 shown, then the control unit can control the ion preparation unit to prepare three first type of ions and two second type of ions.

[0160] S102. The control unit controls the ion trap to imprison the first type of ions and the second type of ions prepared by the ion preparation unit;

[0161] Exemplarily, the first type of ions and the second type of ions prepared by the ion preparation unit can be transported into the ion trap. Thereafter, the control unit can control the ion trap to trap the first type of ions and the second type of ions prepared by the ion preparation unit in the ion trap by applying an electric field to the ions in the ion trap.

[0162] S103. The control unit controls the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, and at least one second type of ion separates adjacent first type of ions in the target ion chain.

[0163] The target ion chain is any one of the ion chains provided by the embodiments of the present application (such as Figure 4 or Figure 5 the shown ion chain), and at least one second type of ion separates adjacent first type of ions in the target ion chain.

[0164] According to the above content, in the method for preparing an ion chain, the control unit first controls the ion preparation unit to prepare the required first type of ions and second type of ions. Thereafter, the control unit controls the ion trap to trap and sort the prepared ions to obtain the required ion chain.

[0165] In summary, since in the ion chain prepared by the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the first type of ions are separated by the second type of ions, the ionic valences of the first type of ions and the second type of ions are both positive or both negative, and the ionic valence of the first type of ions is different from the ionic valence of the second type of ions. Therefore, under the action of the ions with a higher absolute value of the ionic valence among the first type of ions and the second type of ions, the interaction force between adjacent first type of ions and second type of ions is relatively large, so that the distance between adjacent first type of ions is relatively large. In this way, the crosstalk between adjacent first type of ions is reduced, which is beneficial to the independent manipulation of the first type of ions by the quantum computer. And since the energy levels of the second type of ions are different from the energy levels of the first type of ions, during the process of quantum computing, when manipulating the first type of ions, it will not affect the second type of ions, avoiding the crosstalk between the first type of ions and the second type of ions.

[0166] In addition, the ion chain prepared by the method provided by the embodiments of the present application also has a relatively long lifespan. Taking the first type of ions as monovalent ions and the second type of ions as divalent ions as an example, the lifespan of the monovalent ions can be up to several months at most, the lifespan of the divalent ions can be up to several days at most, and the lifespan of the entire target ion chain can reach several days, which far exceeds the time required for quantum computing.

[0167] There are various ways to implement S103.

[0168] (1) In the first implementation manner of S103, the control unit can, in S103, control the ion trap to apply a second electric field to the ions trapped in the ion trap according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap.

[0169] Further, after controlling the ion trap to apply a second electric field to the trapped ions, when the ions trapped in the ion trap do not form a target ion chain in S103, the control unit can also control the ion trap to adjust the second electric field according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap until the ions trapped in the ion trap form a target ion chain.

[0170] The first implementation manner of S103 can refer to the first implementation manner in which the control unit controls the ion trap to sort ions as described above, and the embodiments of the present application will not elaborate herein.

[0171] (2) In the second implementation manner of S103, the control unit can control the ion trap to adjust the third electric field applied axially to the ions trapped in the ion trap at least once in S103 until the ions trapped in the ion trap form a target ion chain; wherein, this axis is parallel to the extending direction of the target ion chain.

[0172] When the control unit adjusts the third electric field of the ion trap, it can first increase the third electric field and then decrease the third electric field to first squeeze and then relax the ions trapped in the ion trap. Of course, the adjustment of the third electric field can also be to first decrease the third electric field and then increase the third electric field; or, the adjustment of the third electric field can also be to only increase or only decrease the third electric field. In addition, the processes of different adjustments of the third electric field can be the same or different.

[0173] The second implementation manner of S103 can refer to the second implementation manner in which the control unit controls the ion trap to sort ions as described above, and the embodiments of the present application will not elaborate herein.

[0174] Compared with the first implementation manner of S103, in the second implementation manner of S103, the control unit does not control the ion trap to apply or adjust the electric field according to the distribution of ions in the ion trap. Therefore, in the second implementation manner of S103, the control unit does not need to determine the electric field to be applied to each electrode in the ion trap according to the distribution of ions in the ion trap. Therefore, the second implementation manner of S103 is simpler than the first implementation manner of S103. When the length of the target ion chain to be prepared is short, compared with the first implementation manner of S103, the second implementation manner of S103 takes less time to prepare the target ion chain. However, when the length of the target ion chain to be prepared is long, since the second implementation manner of S103 requires more times to adjust the third electric field, compared with the second implementation manner of S103, the first implementation manner of S103 takes less time to prepare the target ion chain.

[0175] The first implementation of S103 can be applied to ion traps with more functions, such as chip traps (chip structures with multiple electrodes). The second implementation of S103 can be applied to non-chip traps with fewer functions, such as blade traps (also known as segmented blade traps) or quadrupole traps.

[0176] According to the embodiments of the ion chain, the first type of ions and the second type of ions can be ions of the same element or different elements. On the one hand, when the first type of ions and the second type of ions are ions of different elements, the ion preparation unit includes a part for preparing the first type of ions and a part for preparing the second type of ions. On the other hand, when the first type of ions and the second type of ions are ions of the same element, the part for preparing the first type of ions can be reused as the part for preparing the second type of ions. In this way, the structure of the ion preparation unit is relatively simple and the volume of the ion preparation unit is small.

[0177] The part of the ion preparation unit for preparing each type of ions can include: an atomic target and a first laser. In S101, when the control unit controls the ion preparation unit to prepare this type of ions, the control unit controls the first laser to emit ablation laser towards the atomic target so that atoms are detached from the atomic target. Then, the control unit controls the first laser to irradiate the atoms detached from the atomic target with ionization laser so that the atoms are ionized into this type of ions (atoms lose electrons to form ions). When the first type of ions and the second type of ions are ions of the same element, the first laser irradiating the atoms with ionization laser can ionize a part of the atoms into the first type of ions and another part of the atoms into the second type of ions. The atomic target is solid, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the size of the atomic target. For example, the size of the positive projection of the atomic target on its bearing surface is a millimeter-level size.

[0178] Exemplarily, the valence state of the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit is related to the energy (such as power) of the laser emitted by the first laser in the ion preparation unit. Therefore, the control unit can control the first laser in the ion preparation unit to emit laser with corresponding energy according to the valence state of the ions to be prepared currently.

[0179] Assume that the first type of ions and the second type of ions need to be prepared currently, the first type of ions and the second type of ions are ions of the same element, the ion valence of the first type of ions and the ion valence of the second type of ions are both positive or both negative, and the ion valence of the first type of ions is different from the ion valence of the second type of ions. Then, in S101, the control unit can control the first laser in the ion preparation unit to emit laser with higher power so that the ion preparation unit can simultaneously prepare the first type of ions and the second type of ions. The laser emitted by the first laser can be pulsed laser, and the control unit can control the power of the pulsed laser emitted by the first laser by controlling the pulse duty cycle of the first laser.

[0180] It can be seen that when the first type of ions and the second type of ions are ions of the same element, it means that one atomic target, one ablation light, and one ionization light can be used to simultaneously prepare the first type of ions and the second type of ions. Therefore, there is no need to use different atomic targets, different ablation lights, and different ionization lights. Therefore, the method for preparing the first type of ions and the second type of ions is relatively simple, and the structure of the ion preparation unit is relatively simple.

[0181] In the embodiments of the present application, taking the part of the ion preparation unit for preparing each type of ions including an atomic target and a first laser as an example, optionally, the first laser in the part of the ion preparation unit for preparing each type of ions can also be replaced with an electron beam device. The electron beam device can emit a first electron beam to the atomic target to cause atoms to detach from the atomic target. Then, the electron beam device can emit a second electron beam to the atoms detached from the atomic target to ionize the atoms into this type of ions. The electron beam device and the first laser can be collectively referred to as a bombardment module. The bombardment module is used for: bombarding the atomic target to cause atoms to detach from the atomic target; then, ionizing the atoms detached from the atomic target into ions. The electron beam device can obtain higher-valence ions compared to the first laser.

[0182] Similar to the first laser, the valence state of the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit is related to the energy of the electron beam emitted by the electron beam device in the ion preparation unit. Therefore, the control unit can control the electron beam device in the ion preparation unit to emit an electron beam with corresponding energy according to the valence state of the ions to be prepared currently.

[0183] In S101, the control unit can control the ion preparation unit to prepare all the ions in the target ion chain at one time, or can control the ion preparation unit to prepare the ions in the target ion chain multiple times. Exemplarily, in S101, the control unit can control the ion preparation unit to sequentially prepare multiple ion groups. The target ion chain includes multiple ion groups, and each ion group includes at least one ion (that is, one ion or multiple ions). Each ion group can include at least one type of ion among the first type of ions and the second type of ions. Different ion groups can be the same or different, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0184] When the laser emitted by the first laser in the ion preparation unit is a pulsed laser, the control unit can control the number of ions in each ion group prepared by the ion preparation unit each time by controlling the number of pulses of the first laser.

[0185] Optionally, as Figure 9As shown, the ion trap 603 has a first region 6031 and a second region 6032. The ion preparation unit can sequentially prepare multiple ion groups in the first region. In this case, in S102, the control unit can control the ion trap to perform a trapping operation on each ion group obtained by the ion preparation unit; wherein, the trapping operation includes: trapping the ion group in the first region of the ion trap, and moving the ion group from the first region to the second region of the ion trap for trapping.

[0186] In addition, before the control unit controls the ion trap to move an ion group from the first region to the second region of the ion trap for trapping, there may be other ions prepared by the ion preparation unit trapped in the first region. In this case, in S102, before the control unit controls the ion trap to move an ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, the control unit can also control the ion trap to separate the ion group from the other ions trapped in the first region.

[0187] Furthermore, before the control unit controls the ion trap to move an ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, there may be other ions prepared by the ion preparation unit trapped in the first region, and the ions in the ion group and the other ions are also arranged in an ion chain. In this case, in S102, before the control unit controls the ion trap to move an ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, the control unit can also first exchange the ions in the ion group to the end close to the second region in the ion chain by ion exchange, and then control the ion trap to separate the ion group from the other ions trapped in the first region.

[0188] Further, in the case where the ion preparation unit sequentially prepares multiple ion groups in the first region of the ion trap, and the control unit controls the ion trap to perform a trapping operation on each ion group obtained by the ion preparation unit, the above-mentioned trapping operation can also include: before moving the ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, adjusting the first electric field applied axially to the ion group trapped in the first region at least once until the ion group is arranged in an initial ion chain; wherein, the axis is parallel to the extending direction of the target ion chain; when the ion group includes a first type of ion and a second type of ion, and the ion group includes multiple first type of ions, adjacent first type of ions in the initial ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ion.

[0189] In this case, after the control unit controls the ion preparation unit to obtain one ion group each time, it can also refer to the second implementation manner of S103 above, and control the ion trap to sort the ions in this one ion group in S102 to obtain an initial ion chain, so that there are no adjacent first-type ions in the initial ion chain. In addition, the initial ion chains formed by different ion groups can be the same or different, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0190] After the control unit controls the ion trap to successively move multiple initial ion chains to the second region for trapping, it can refer to the first implementation manner or the second implementation manner of S103 in S103 to sort the multiple initial ion chains trapped in the second region.

[0191] Alternatively, after the control unit moves the first ion group to the second region for trapping, in S103, after each subsequent ion group is moved to the second region for trapping, the initial ion chain formed by this ion group is connected to the initial ion chain formed by the previous ion group moved to the second region for trapping to form a new ion chain; finally, the initial ion chain formed by the last ion chain is connected to the initial ion chain formed by the penultimate ion chain to form a target ion chain.

[0192] The process of the control unit controlling multiple ion chains to form a new ion chain is the reverse of the process of the control unit separating ions from other ions. Therefore, the process of the control unit controlling multiple ion chains to form a new ion chain can refer to the reverse process of the process of the control unit separating ions from other ions, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0193] Since there are various implementation manners of the initial ion chain, and the initial ion chains formed by different ion groups can be the same or different, therefore, when the control unit controls the ion chains formed by every two ion groups to form a new ion chain in S103, there can be the following two cases. The following takes the example of connecting the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group (i≥1) in multiple ion groups and the initial ion chain formed by the i+1-th ion group to form a new ion chain to explain these two cases.

[0194] Case 1: The ions at the first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the i+1-th ion group include second-type ions.

[0195] The first end of the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group is the end that is about to be connected to the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group, and the second end of the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group is the end that is about to be connected to the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group. In Case 1, since the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group include the second type of ions, directly connecting the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group to the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group will not result in consecutive first type of ions in the newly formed ion chain. Therefore, after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, the control unit can directly connect the ions at the first end to the ions at the second end to form a new ion chain in S103.

[0196] Case 2: The ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are both the first type of ions.

[0197] In Case 2, since the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group are both the first type of ions, directly connecting the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group to the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group will result in consecutive first type of ions in the newly formed ion chain. Therefore, after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, the control unit can connect the ions at the first end to the ions at the second end through the second type of ions to form a new ion chain in S103.

[0198] In this case, the target ion chain includes not only multiple ion groups but also auxiliary ions (the second type of ions) used to connect the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group. Accordingly, the method provided by the embodiments of the present application further includes: the control unit controls the ion preparation unit to prepare auxiliary ions in the first region, controls the ion trap to trap the auxiliary ions in the first region, and then moves the auxiliary ions from the first region to the second region for trapping. After moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, the control unit can connect the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group into an ion chain through the auxiliary ions in S103.

[0199] It can be understood that before the control unit performs the trapping operation on the (i + 1)-th ion group, the ion trap may already have trapped at least one ion group after the (i + 1)-th ion group in the first region of the ion trap (it can be seen that the trapping operation for this at least one ion group has already started at this time). In the case where the control unit controls the ion preparation unit to prepare each ion in the target ion chain at one time, the control unit can also control the ion trap to perform the trapping operation on the above-mentioned multiple ion groups in sequence.

[0200] In addition, during the process of the ion preparation unit preparing ions, the control unit can also control the detection unit to detect the ions prepared by the ion preparation unit to detect whether the required ions are prepared.

[0201] The structural block diagram of the control unit provided by the embodiments of the present application can be as Figure 12 shown, please refer to Figure 12 , and this control unit includes:

[0202] The first control module 6011 is used to control the ion preparation unit to prepare the first type of ions and the second type of ions; the ion valence of the first type of ions and the ion valence of the second type of ions are both positive or both negative, the ion valence of the first type of ions is different from the ion valence of the second type of ions, and the energy level of the first type of ions is different from the energy level of the second type of ions; the operations performed by the first control module 6011 can refer to S101 in the foregoing embodiments, and the embodiments of the present application will not elaborate here.

[0203] The second control module 6012 is used to control the ion trap to trap the first type of ions and the second type of ions prepared by the ion preparation unit; the operations performed by the second control module 6012 can refer to S102 in the foregoing embodiments, and the embodiments of the present application will not elaborate here.

[0204] The third control module 6013 is used to control the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain; adjacent first type of ions in the target ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ion. The operations performed by the third control module 6013 can refer to S103 in the foregoing embodiments, and the embodiments of the present application will not elaborate here.

[0205] In one implementable manner, the third control module 6013 is used to: according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap, control the ion trap to apply a second electric field to the ions trapped in the ion trap. Optionally, the third control module 6013 is further used to, after controlling the ion trap to apply the second electric field, if the ions trapped in the ion trap are not arranged into a target ion chain, control the ion trap to adjust the second electric field according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap until the ions trapped in the ion trap are arranged into a target ion chain.

[0206] In another realizable manner, the third control module 6013 is configured to: control the ion trap pair to perform at least one adjustment on the third electric field applied axially to the ions trapped in the ion trap until the ions trapped in the ion trap are arranged into a target ion chain; wherein, the axial direction is parallel to the extending direction of the target ion chain.

[0207] Optionally, the first control module 6011 is configured to: control the ion preparation unit to sequentially prepare multiple ion groups in the first region of the ion trap, the target ion chain includes multiple ion groups, and an ion group includes at least one ion;

[0208] The second control module 6012 is configured to: after each ion group is prepared by the ion preparation unit, control the ion trap to perform a trapping operation on an ion group; wherein, the trapping operation includes: trapping an ion group in the first region, and moving an ion group from the first region to the second region of the ion trap for trapping.

[0209] Optionally, the trapping operation further includes: before moving an ion group from the first region to the second region of the ion trap for trapping, performing at least one adjustment on the first electric field applied axially to an ion group trapped in the first region until the ion group is arranged into an initial ion chain; wherein, the axial direction is parallel to the extending direction of the target ion chain; when an ion group includes a first type of ion and a second type of ion, and the ion group includes multiple first type of ions, adjacent first type of ions in the initial ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ion.

[0210] Optionally, the ions at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group among the multiple ion groups, and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group among the multiple ion groups include the second type of ion, i≥1; in this case, the third control module 6013 has other realizable manners, for example, the third control module 6013 is configured to: after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, connect the ions at the first end and the ions at the second end into an ion chain.

[0211] Optionally, the ion at the first end in the initial ion chain formed by the i-th ion group among the multiple ion groups, and the ion at the second end in the initial ion chain formed by the (i + 1)-th ion group among the multiple ion groups are both first-class ions, where i ≥ 1; the first control module 6011 is further configured to control the ion preparation unit to prepare auxiliary ions in the first region, and the auxiliary ions are second-class ions; the second control module 6012 is further configured to control the ion trap to trap the auxiliary ions in the first region; move the auxiliary ions from the first region to the second region for trapping; in this case, the third control module 6013 has other implementation manners, for example, the third control module 6013 is configured to: after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, connect the ion at the first end and the ion at the second end into an ion chain through the auxiliary ions.

[0212] It can be understood that the control unit provided in the embodiments of the present application can also be implemented by a chip.

[0213] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, in which instructions are stored. When the instructions are run on a computer, the computer is caused to execute any method executed by the control unit provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0214] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program product including instructions. When the computer program product is run on a computer, the computer is caused to execute any method executed by the control unit provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0215] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product, and the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions may be stored in a readable storage medium of the computer, or transmitted from one readable storage medium to another readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center in a wired manner (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line) or a wireless manner (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrated. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium, or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid-state drive), etc.

[0216] In this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined. "At least one of the following" refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c means: a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, these seven cases.

[0217] For different types of embodiments provided in the embodiments of this application, they can all refer to each other, and the embodiments of this application do not make any limitations in this regard.

[0218] In the corresponding embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and the like can be implemented in other constitutive manners. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there can be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or units can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.

[0219] As described above, it is only an alternative embodiment of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art in the technical field disclosed in this application can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An ionic chain, characterized in that, Comprising: A first type of ion and a second type of ion, and adjacent first type of ions in the ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ion; The valence of the first type of ion and the valence of the second type of ion are both positive or both negative, and the valence of the first type of ion is different from the valence of the second type of ion, and the energy level of the first type of ion is different from the energy level of the second type of ion.

2. The ionic chain according to claim 1, wherein The absolute value of the valence of the second type of ion is higher than the absolute value of the valence of the first type of ion.

3. The ionic chain according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first type of ion and the second type of ion are ions of the same element.

4. The ionic chain according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first type of ion and the second type of ion in the ion chain are arranged alternately one by one.

5. An ionic crystal, characterized in that, The ionic crystal is a two-dimensional crystal or a three-dimensional crystal, and the ionic crystal includes the ion chain according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. An ion chain preparation device, characterized in that, The ion chain preparation device includes: a control unit, an ion preparation unit, and an ion trap; the control unit is used for: Controlling the ion preparation unit to prepare a first type of ion and a second type of ion; the valence of the first type of ion and the valence of the second type of ion are both positive or both negative, and the valence of the first type of ion is different from the valence of the second type of ion, and the energy level of the first type of ion is different from the energy level of the second type of ion; Controlling the ion trap to trap the first type of ion and the second type of ion prepared by the ion preparation unit; Controlling the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, and the target ion chain is the ion chain according to any one of claims 1 to 4; adjacent first type of ions in the target ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ion.

7. The ion chain preparation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control unit is used for: Controlling the ion preparation unit to sequentially prepare a plurality of ion groups in a first region of the ion trap, the target ion chain includes the plurality of ion groups, and each ion group includes at least one ion; Controlling the ion trap to trap the first type of ion and the second type of ion prepared by the ion preparation unit, including: After each ion group is prepared by the ion preparation unit, controlling the ion trap to perform a trapping operation on the ion group; wherein, the trapping operation includes: trapping the ion group in the first region, and moving the ion group from the first region to a second region of the ion trap for trapping.

8. The ion chain preparation device according to claim 7, wherein, The trapping operation further includes: Before moving the ion group from the first region to the second region of the ion trap for trapping, adjusting the first electric field applied axially to the ion group trapped in the first region at least once until the ion group is arranged into an initial ion chain; Wherein, the axial direction is parallel to the extension direction of the target ion chain; when the ion group includes the first type of ion and the second type of ion, and the ion group includes a plurality of the first type of ions, adjacent first type of ions in the initial ion chain are separated by at least one second type of ion.

9. The ion chain preparation device according to claims 6 to 8, characterized in that, The control unit is used for: When controlling the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap, control the ion trap to apply a second electric field to the ions trapped in the ion trap.

10. The ion chain preparation device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The control unit is configured to: After controlling the ion trap to apply the second electric field, if the ions trapped in the ion trap are not arranged into the target ion chain, then according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap, control the ion trap to adjust the second electric field until the ions trapped in the ion trap are arranged into the target ion chain.

11. The ion chain preparation device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ions at the first end in the initial ion chain arranged by the i-th ion group among the multiple ion groups, and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain arranged by the (i + 1)-th ion group among the multiple ion groups include the second type of ions, i≥1, and the control unit is further configured to: When controlling the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, connect the ions at the first end and the ions at the second end into an ion chain.

12. The ion chain preparation device according to claim 8, wherein, The ions at the first end in the initial ion chain arranged by the i-th ion group among the multiple ion groups, and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain arranged by the (i + 1)-th ion group among the multiple ion groups are both the first type of ions, i≥1, and the control unit is further configured to: Control the ion preparation unit to prepare auxiliary ions in the first region, and the auxiliary ions are the second type of ions; Control the ion trap to trap the auxiliary ions in the first region; Move the auxiliary ions from the first region to the second region for trapping; When controlling the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, connect the ions at the first end and the ions at the second end into an ion chain through the auxiliary ions.

13. The ion chain preparation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control unit is configured to: When controlling the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, control the ion trap to adjust the third electric field applied axially to the ions trapped in the ion trap at least once until the ions trapped in the ion trap are arranged into the target ion chain; the axis is parallel to the extending direction of the target ion chain.

14. A method for preparing an ionic chain, characterized in that, The method is executed by a control unit in an ion chain preparation device, and the ion chain preparation device further includes: an ion preparation unit and an ion trap; the method includes: Control the ion preparation unit to prepare the first type of ions and the second type of ions; the ion valence of the first type of ions and the ion valence of the second type of ions are both positive or both negative, and the ion valence of the first type of ions is different from the ion valence of the second type of ions, and the energy level of the first type of ions is different from the energy level of the second type of ions; Control the ion trap to trap the first type of ions and the second type of ions prepared by the ion preparation unit; Control the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, where the target ion chain is the ion chain according to any one of claims 1 to 5; adjacent first-type ions in the target ion chain are separated by at least one second-type ion.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein Control the ion preparation unit to prepare first-type ions and second-type ions, including: Control the ion preparation unit to sequentially prepare a plurality of ion groups in a first region of the ion trap, where the target ion chain includes the plurality of ion groups, and each ion group includes at least one ion; Control the ion trap to trap the first-type ions and the second-type ions prepared by the ion preparation unit, including: After each ion group is prepared by the ion preparation unit, control the ion trap to perform a trapping operation on the ion group; where the trapping operation includes: trapping the ion group in the first region, and moving the ion group from the first region to a second region of the ion trap for trapping.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein The trapping operation further includes: Before moving the ion group from the first region to the second region of the ion trap for trapping, adjust the first electric field applied axially to the ion group trapped in the first region at least once until the ion group is arranged into an initial ion chain; where the axis is parallel to the extension direction of the target ion chain; when the ion group includes the first-type ions and the second-type ions, and the ion group includes a plurality of first-type ions, adjacent first-type ions in the initial ion chain are separated by at least one second-type ion.

17. The method according to claims 14 to 16, characterized in that Control the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, including: According to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap, control the ion trap to apply a second electric field to the ions trapped in the ion trap.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein Control the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, further including: After controlling the ion trap to apply the second electric field, if the ions trapped in the ion trap are not arranged into the target ion chain, then according to the distribution of the ions trapped in the ion trap, control the ion trap to adjust the second electric field until the ions trapped in the ion trap are arranged into the target ion chain.

19. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The ions at the first end in the initial ion chain arranged by the i-th ion group among the plurality of ion groups, and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain arranged by the (i + 1)-th ion group among the plurality of ion groups include the second-type ions, i ≥ 1; Control the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain, including: After moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, connect the ions at the first end and the ions at the second end into an ion chain.

20. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that The ions at the first end in the initial ion chain arranged by the i-th ion group among the plurality of ion groups, and the ions at the second end in the initial ion chain arranged by the (i + 1)-th ion group among the plurality of ion groups are both the first-type ions, i ≥ 1; Controlling the ion preparation unit to prepare a first type of ions and a second type of ions further includes: controlling the ion preparation unit to prepare auxiliary ions in the first region, where the auxiliary ions are the second type of ions; Controlling the ion trap to trap the first type of ions and the second type of ions prepared by the ion preparation unit further includes: controlling the ion trap to trap the auxiliary ions in the first region; moving the auxiliary ions from the first region to the second region for trapping; Controlling the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain includes: after moving the (i + 1)-th ion group from the first region to the second region for trapping, connecting the ions at the first end and the ions at the second end into an ion chain through the auxiliary ions.

21. The method according to claim 14, wherein Controlling the ion trap to arrange the trapped ions into a target ion chain includes: Controlling the ion trap to perform at least one adjustment on a third electric field applied axially to the ions trapped in the ion trap until the ions trapped in the ion trap are arranged into the target ion chain; wherein, the axial direction is parallel to the extension direction of the target ion chain.

22. A chip, characterized in that, Includes: An ion trap, and the ion chain according to any one of claims 1 to 4, where the ion trap is used to trap the ion chain.

23. A quantum computer, characterized in that, Includes: A manipulation device, and the chip according to claim 22, where the manipulation device is used to manipulate the first type of ions in the ion chain in the chip.

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