A lightning arrester with self-aligned capacitor plates

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of lightning arresters, and in particular relates to a lightning arrester with self-aligned capacitor plates, comprising resistor plates and a capacitor plate assembly, wherein the resistor plates are used to share voltage surges generated by lightning strikes, and the capacitor plate assembly is used to ensure that all resistor plates effectively and evenly divide the voltage surges generated by lightning strikes. In the present invention, the capacitor blocks of the capacitor plate assembly will form an open circuit when damaged by lightning, ensuring that all resistor plates still maintain effective and even voltage division even if a capacitor plate assembly fails or is damaged. This effectively protects all resistor plates from an increased voltage division burden due to damage to a particular resistor plate, thereby extending the life of the resistor plates and reducing the maintenance cost of the lightning arrester.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of lightning arresters, and in particular relates to a lightning arrester with a self-aligned capacitor plate. Background Art

[0002] Lightning arresters (LAAs) protect protected equipment in substations from lightning surges and are also used to protect electrical equipment from damage caused by transient overvoltage surges. When a lightning surge entering the substation along a line exceeds the arrester's protection level, the arrester first discharges and safely conducts the lightning current to the ground through a good conductor. Using a grounding device, the lightning voltage amplitude is limited to below the lightning surge level of the protected equipment, thereby protecting the electrical equipment. When the overvoltage reaches the specified operating voltage, the arrester immediately activates, flowing a charge, limiting the overvoltage amplitude and protecting the equipment's insulation. Once the voltage returns to normal, the arrester quickly returns to its original state to ensure normal power supply to the system.

[0003] A lightning arrester contains multiple resistors connected in series, which can share voltage surges. When high-voltage current passes through the resistors, manufacturing tolerances can lead to uneven voltage distribution, and some resistors can be damaged by the excessive voltage. By connecting a capacitor in parallel with each resistor and utilizing the characteristic that impedance is inversely proportional to frequency, the series resistors can ensure uniform voltage distribution for voltage surges. Patent application number 200910176564.X discloses this technology. However, this technology requires ensuring that the potential of the capacitors is equal to that of the corresponding resistors after installation. However, due to factors such as manufacturing errors and assembly processes, the capacitors and resistors cannot maintain the same potential (i.e., the same height). Therefore, it is impossible to ensure that the capacitors and corresponding resistors are at the same potential after installation. Consequently, the purpose of using parallel capacitors to effectively and evenly distribute voltage surges across the series resistors cannot be achieved.

[0004] During use, the capacitor connected in parallel with the resistor is easily broken down during thunderstorms. When the capacitor is broken down, the broken-down capacitor will short-circuit the resistor connected in parallel with it. The short-circuited resistor loses its voltage-dividing function with other resistors, and the voltage-dividing pressure of other resistors increases, making the resistors more at risk of damage.

[0005] In addition, when the capacitor connected in parallel with the resistor is damaged, the volume of the capacitor will increase accordingly and there is a risk of explosion. The explosion of the capacitor will cause the arrester casing to burst, causing the entire arrester to disintegrate and fail.

[0006] The present invention designs a lightning arrester with self-aligned capacitor plates to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a self-aligned capacitor plate lightning arrester to address the problems existing in current lightning arresters. The present invention uses elastic electric contacts with equal elastic coefficients on the first and second clamping plates on both sides of the capacitor plate assembly or elastic electric contacts with equal elastic coefficients on the two second clamping plates to make the capacitor blocks in the capacitor plate assembly and the corresponding resistor plates in an equipotential state, thereby achieving the purpose of using the parallel capacitor plate assembly to make the resistor plates connected in series to effectively and evenly divide the voltage surge. In the present invention, when the capacitor block of the capacitor plate assembly is damaged by lightning, its volume increases and the electric contact block at the end of the swing rod is driven by the top rod to disconnect the electrical connection with the capacitor block, thereby forming a short circuit, ensuring that all resistor plates still maintain effective uniform voltage division when a certain capacitor plate assembly fails or is damaged, and the corresponding resistor plates will not lose their voltage division function due to the failure of a certain capacitor plate assembly, effectively protecting all resistor plates from the increase in voltage division burden due to damage to a certain resistor plate, extending the life of the resistor plates, and reducing the maintenance cost of the lightning arrester. The first block in the present invention is arranged between the capacitor chip assembly and the resistor chip and forms a 180-degree surrounding shielding for the corresponding capacitor chip assembly, which can effectively prevent the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly from damaging the resistor chip when the capacitor chip explodes. At the same time, the pressure relief groove on the silicone rubber material sheath of the present invention is opened on one side of the capacitor chip assembly and opposite to the first block, so that the thickness of the shielding wall in the other half of the 180-degree range of the capacitor chip assembly is thinner, so as to facilitate the outward pressure relief of the destructive force generated by the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly, ensure that the lightning arrester as a whole will not disintegrate due to the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly, and effectively reduce the degree of damage to the lightning arrester due to the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly.

[0008] The above purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A lightning arrester with self-aligned capacitor plates for protecting substation equipment from lightning strikes, comprising:

[0010] Several resistor sheets stacked in series with their positive and negative electrodes electrically connected are used to share voltage surges generated by lightning strikes.

[0011] Several capacitor plate assemblies connected in parallel with the resistor plates in a one-to-one correspondence are used to ensure that all resistor plates effectively and evenly divide the voltage surge generated by lightning strikes. The capacitor plate assembly has a structural feature that when it is struck by lightning, it will break the circuit itself, allowing all resistor plates to continuously divide the voltage surge generated by lightning strikes.

[0012] A silicone rubber material covering is molded on the outside of the resistor and capacitor components through a high-temperature curing process, which is used to form a sealing protection for the resistor and capacitor components. A plurality of sheds are formed on the outside of the covering.

[0013] In one embodiment, two first clamping plates are provided at both ends of all the resistor sheets, and a second clamping plate is provided between adjacent resistor sheets. Both the first clamping plates and the second clamping plates are provided with ear plates for clamping the corresponding capacitor sheet assembly and making the capacitor sheet assembly and the corresponding resistor sheet connected in parallel. The two first clamping plates clamp and fix all the second clamping plates and the resistor sheets through four insulating material pull rods 90 degrees apart in the circumferential direction, and the ear plates of the two first clamping plates are tightened and fixed by two pull rods.

[0014] In one embodiment, both ends of the pull rod pass through the pull ears with holes on the first clamping plate or the ear plate and are fixed by nuts.

[0015] In one embodiment, the capacitor plate assembly includes a cylindrical shell, and two electrical contacts are provided at both ends of the cylindrical shell, which cooperate with the electrical contacts on the ear plates of the first and second clamping plates or the electrical contact plates on the ear plates of the two second clamping plates. Positioning grooves are provided on the electrical contacts to cooperate with the corresponding electrical contacts. A cylindrical capacitor block eccentric to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell is fixed by gluing, and the two ends of the capacitor block are electrically connected to the two electrical contacts respectively. A disconnecting structure is provided in the cylindrical shell, which disconnects one end of the capacitor block from the corresponding electrical contact when the capacitor block is damaged by lightning and its volume increases.

[0016] In one embodiment, one end of the capacitor block is electrically connected to the corresponding end electrical contact through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor block is electrically contacted with the corresponding end electrical contact through an electrical contact block connected to a pressure spring.

[0017] In one embodiment, the touch-off structure includes a V-shaped rocker arm and a top rod, one end of the rocker arm is fixedly connected to the electric contact block, and the other end of the rocker arm is hinged to the inner cylindrical surface of the cylindrical shell. The top rod is arranged in the gap between the capacitor block and the cylindrical shell, one end of the top rod is hinged to the inner end of the cylindrical shell, and the other end of the top rod is abutted against the inner concave surface of the rocker arm, and the top rod is provided with a top block that contacts the cylindrical surface of the capacitor block.

[0018] In one embodiment, the swing end of the push rod is provided with a roller that cooperates with the inner concave surface of the swing rod.

[0019] In one embodiment, a screw sleeve is provided on the first clamping plate, and the screw sleeve is threadedly connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

[0020] In one embodiment, the ear plate is provided with a through-hole opposite to the corresponding electrical contact piece.

[0021] In one embodiment, a first block is provided between the cylindrical shell and the corresponding resistor sheet to form a semicircular 180-degree surrounding of the corresponding cylindrical shell, and two hanging ears connected to the pull rod hook are symmetrically provided on the first block. The outer wall of the cladding is provided with a plurality of pressure relief grooves which are opposite to the first block one by one and make the other side of the cylindrical shell correspond to the small-sized cladding wall thickness, and a second block is inserted in the pressure relief groove.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The present invention uses elastic electrical contacts with equal elastic coefficients located on the first and second clamping plates on both sides of the capacitor chip assembly, or elastic electrical contacts with equal elastic coefficients on the two second clamping plates, to ensure that the capacitor blocks and corresponding resistors in the capacitor chip assembly are in an equipotential state, thereby achieving the purpose of using the parallel capacitor chip assembly to enable the resistors connected in series to effectively and evenly divide the voltage surge.

[0024] 2. When the capacitor block of the capacitor chip assembly in the present invention is damaged by lightning, its volume increases and the electric contact block at the end of the rocker arm is driven by the top rod to disconnect the electrical connection with the capacitor block, thereby forming a short circuit. This ensures that all resistor plates still maintain effective uniform voltage division when a certain capacitor chip assembly fails or is damaged, and the corresponding resistor plates will not lose their voltage division function due to the failure of a certain capacitor chip assembly. This effectively protects all resistor plates from an increase in the voltage division burden due to damage to a certain resistor plate, thereby extending the life of the resistor plates and reducing the maintenance cost of the lightning arrester.

[0025] 3. The first block provided between the capacitor chip assembly and the resistor chip and forming a 180-degree surrounding shielding for the corresponding capacitor chip assembly in the present invention can effectively prevent the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly from damaging the resistor chip when the capacitor chip explodes. At the same time, the pressure relief groove provided on the silicone rubber sheath on one side of the capacitor chip assembly and opposite to the first block makes the shielding wall thickness of the other half of the 180-degree range of the capacitor chip assembly thinner, so as to facilitate the outward pressure relief of the destructive force generated by the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly, thereby ensuring that the arrester as a whole will not disintegrate due to the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly, and effectively reducing the degree of damage to the arrester due to the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a first cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a second cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 is a third cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 The resistor stack structure and its cross-sectional view in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the resistor stack structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 is the first splint and its cross-sectional view;

[0034] Figure 9 is the second splint and its cross-sectional view;

[0035] Figure 10 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first stopper;

[0036] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the capacitor chip assembly;

[0037] Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of a capacitor chip assembly;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the silicone rubber material cladding structure;

[0039] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the normal working state of the capacitor chip assembly;

[0040] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the damaged state of the capacitor chip assembly;

[0041] Name of the label in the figure:

[0042] 101. First clamping plate; 102. Pulling lug; 103. Screw sleeve; 104. Lug plate; 105. Material penetration hole; 106. Electrical contact; 107. Second clamping plate; 108. Resistor; 109. Pull rod; 111. Nut; 112. Positive electrode; 113. Negative electrode; 114. First stopper; 115. Lug; 116. Cladding; 117. Pressure relief groove; 118. Sheath; 119. Second stopper.

[0043] 200, capacitor chip assembly; 201, cylindrical shell; 202, electric contact; 203, capacitor block; 204, wire; 205, ejector pin; 206, ejector block; 207, roller; 208, rocker; 209, electric contact block; 210, pressure spring; 211, positioning groove; 212, tripping structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0045] The serial numbers assigned to components herein, such as "first," "second," etc., are used solely to distinguish the objects being described and do not convey any sequential or technical meaning. References to "connection" and "coupling" herein, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like, indicating positions or relationships, are based on those shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0046] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0047] like Figure 1-15 A self-aligned capacitor plate lightning arrester is shown, which is used to protect substation equipment from lightning strikes, comprising:

[0048] The resistor sheets 108 , which are stacked in series and have their positive electrodes 112 and negative electrodes 113 electrically connected, are used to share voltage surges generated by lightning strikes.

[0049] A plurality of capacitor plate assemblies 200 connected in parallel with the resistor plates 108 in a one-to-one correspondence are used to ensure that all the resistor plates 108 effectively and evenly divide the voltage surge generated by the lightning strike. The capacitor plate assembly 200 has a structural feature that when it is struck by lightning, it will break the circuit itself, so that all the resistor plates 108 can continuously divide the voltage surge generated by the lightning strike.

[0050] A silicone rubber coating 116 is molded on the outside of the resistor 108 and the capacitor assembly 200 through a high-temperature curing process to form a sealing protection for the resistor 108 and the capacitor assembly 200. A plurality of sheds 118 are molded on the outside of the coating 116.

[0051] In a further embodiment, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, two first clamping plates 101 are provided at both ends of all the resistor sheets 108, and a second clamping plate 107 is provided between adjacent resistor sheets 108. The first clamping plates 101 and the second clamping plates 107 are both provided with ear plates 104 for clamping the corresponding capacitor sheet assembly 200 and making the capacitor sheet assembly 200 and the corresponding resistor sheet 108 in parallel. The two first clamping plates 101 clamp and fix all the second clamping plates 107 and the resistor sheets 108 through four insulating material pull rods 109 circumferentially 90 degrees apart, and the ear plates 104 of the two first clamping plates 101 are tightened and fixed by two pull rods 109.

[0052] In a further embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, both ends of the pull rod 109 pass through the pull ears 102 with holes on the first clamping plate 101 or the ear plate 104 and are fixed by nuts 111.

[0053] In a further embodiment, Figure 11 、 Figure 12 As shown, the capacitor chip assembly 200 includes a cylindrical shell 201, and two electric contacts 202 are provided at both ends of the cylindrical shell 201 to cooperate with the electric contacts 202 on the ear plates 104 of the first clamping plate 101 and the second clamping plate 107 or the electric contacts 106 on the ear plates 104 of the two second clamping plates 107. The electric contacts 202 are provided with positioning grooves 211 to cooperate with the corresponding electric contacts 106. A cylindrical capacitor block 203 eccentric to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 201 is fixed by gluing, and the two ends of the capacitor block 203 are electrically connected to the two electric contacts 202 respectively. A disconnecting structure 212 is provided in the cylindrical shell 201 to disconnect one end of the capacitor block 203 from the corresponding electric contact 202 when the capacitor block 203 is damaged by lightning and its volume increases.

[0054] In a further embodiment, Figure 11 、 Figure 12 As shown, one end of the capacitor block 203 is electrically connected to the corresponding end electrical contact 202 through a wire 204 , and the other end of the capacitor block 203 is electrically in contact with the corresponding end electrical contact 202 through an electrical contact block 209 connected by a pressure spring 210 .

[0055] In a further embodiment, Figure 12 As shown, the touch-off structure 212 includes a V-shaped rocker arm 208 and a top rod 205, one end of the rocker arm 208 is fixedly connected to the electric contact block 209, and the other end of the rocker arm 208 is hinged on the inner cylindrical surface of the cylindrical shell 201, and the top rod 205 is arranged in the gap between the capacitor block 203 and the cylindrical shell 201, one end of the top rod 205 is hinged to the inner end of the cylindrical shell 201, and the other end of the top rod 205 is against the inner concave surface of the rocker arm 208, and the top rod 205 is provided with a top block 206 that contacts the cylindrical surface of the capacitor block 203.

[0056] In a further embodiment, Figure 12 As shown, the swing end of the push rod 205 is provided with a roller 207 that cooperates with the inner concave surface of the rocker rod 208.

[0057] In a further embodiment, Figure 5 、 8 As shown, a screw sleeve 103 is provided on the first clamping plate 101 , and the screw sleeve 103 is threadedly connected to the positive electrode 112 or the negative electrode 113 .

[0058] In a further embodiment, Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 As shown, the ear plate 104 is provided with a through hole 105 corresponding to the corresponding electric contact piece 106 .

[0059] In a further embodiment, Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 10 As shown, a first stopper 114 is provided between the cylindrical shell 201 and the corresponding resistor 108 to form a semicircular 180-degree surrounding of the corresponding cylindrical shell 201, and two hanging ears 115 connected to the pull rod 109 are symmetrically provided on the first stopper 114. The outer wall of the cladding 116 is provided with a plurality of pressure relief grooves 117 which are opposite to the first stopper 114 one by one and make the other side of the cylindrical shell 201 correspond to the small-sized cladding 116 wall thickness, and a second stopper 119 is inserted in the pressure relief groove 117.

[0060] The present invention uses elastic electrical contacts 106 with equal elastic coefficients on the first clamping plates 101 and the second clamping plates 107 on both sides of the capacitor chip assembly 200, or elastic electrical contacts 106 with equal elastic coefficients on the two second clamping plates 107, to ensure that the capacitor block 203 and the corresponding resistor 108 in the capacitor chip assembly 200 are in an equipotential state, thereby achieving the purpose of using the parallel capacitor chip assemblies 200 to enable the resistors 108 connected in series to effectively and evenly divide the voltage surge. In the present invention, when the capacitor block 203 of the capacitor chip assembly 200 is damaged by lightning, its volume increases and the electric contact block 209 at the end of the rocker 208 is driven by the top rod 205 to disconnect the electrical connection with the capacitor block 203, thereby forming a short circuit. This ensures that all resistors 108 still maintain effective uniform voltage division when a certain capacitor chip assembly 200 fails or is damaged, and the corresponding resistor 108 will not lose its voltage division function due to the failure of a certain capacitor chip assembly 200. This effectively protects all resistors 108 from an increase in the voltage division burden due to damage to a certain resistor 108, thereby extending the service life of the resistor 108 and reducing the maintenance cost of the lightning arrester. In the present invention, the first stopper 114, which is arranged between the capacitor chip assembly 200 and the resistor chip 108 and forms a 180-degree surrounding shielding for the corresponding capacitor chip assembly 200, can effectively prevent the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly 200 from damaging the resistor chip 108 when the capacitor chip explodes. At the same time, the pressure relief groove 117 opened on the silicone rubber material sheath 116 on one side of the capacitor chip assembly 200 and opposite to the first stopper 114 makes the shielding wall thickness of the other half of the 180-degree range of the capacitor chip assembly 200 thinner, so as to facilitate the outward pressure relief of the destructive force generated by the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly 200, ensure that the lightning arrester as a whole will not disintegrate due to the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly 200, and effectively reduce the damage degree of the lightning arrester due to the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly 200.

[0061] The operation process of the present invention is as follows:

[0062] In the initial state, the top rod 205 in the capacitor chip assembly 200 is in a vertical state and the roller 207 is against the concave part of the V-shaped rocker 208. The top block 206 on the top rod 205 is in contact with the conical surface of the capacitor block 203. The electric contact block 209 is in good contact with one electrode of the capacitor block 203 under the action of the pressure spring 210.

[0063] The assembly production process of the present invention is as follows:

[0064] Several resistor sheets 108 are stacked so that a second clamping plate 107 is provided between any adjacent resistor sheets 108, and first clamping plates 101 are provided at both ends so that the ear plates 104 of the first clamping plate 101 and the second clamping plate 107 are exactly opposite each other. A capacitor chip assembly 200 is provided between any two adjacent ear plates 104 so that the electrical contacts 106 on the ear plates 104 are inserted into the positioning grooves 211 on the electrical contacts 202 at the corresponding ends of the cylindrical shell 201 of the capacitor chip assembly 200. Since the elastic modulus and arc curvature of the electric contact pieces 106 on two adjacent ear plates 104 are the same, after the capacitor chip assembly 200 is installed between the two ear plates 104, the center height of the capacitor chip assembly 200 is equal to the center height of the corresponding resistor piece 108 connected in parallel therewith, thereby ensuring that the resistor piece 108 and the corresponding capacitor chip assembly 200 have equal electric potential. The cooperation between the electric contact piece 106 and the positioning groove 211 on the corresponding electrical contact 202 can achieve equipotential positioning of the capacitor chip assembly 200 and the corresponding resistor piece 108.

[0065] The equipotential installation of the capacitor plate assembly 200 and the resistor plates 108 can ensure that all the resistor plates 108 can effectively and evenly divide the voltage surge caused by the lightning strike of the lightning arrester by utilizing the characteristic that the impedance is inversely proportional to the frequency.

[0066] After all the capacitor chip assemblies 200 are installed, a first stopper 114 is installed between each resistor 108 and the corresponding capacitor chip assembly 200, so that the first stopper 114 contacts and abuts against the resistor 108 and the cylindrical shell 201 of the capacitor chip assembly 200. At the same time, when viewed from above, the two hanging ears 115 on each first stopper 114 form a semi-enclosed state with the circular holes on the two nearby pull ears 102 on the first clamping plate 101 or the second clamping plate 107, respectively, to ensure that the first stopper 114 is effectively positioned by the corresponding two pull rods 109 after the pull rods 109 are installed.

[0067] Then, the pull rod 109 is inserted into the circular holes of the four pairs of pull ears 102 between the two first clamping plates 101 at the two ends, and the pull rod 109 is clamped and fixed to all the second clamping plates 107 and the resistor 108 through the two first clamping plates 101 by installing nuts 111 at both ends of the pull rod 109. Next, the pull rod 109 is inserted into the circular holes of the two pairs of pull ears 102 between the two ear plates 104 on the two first clamping plates 101 at the two ends, and the pull rod 109 is positioned to the ear plates 104 on all the second clamping plates 107 and the cylindrical shell 201 of the capacitor chip assembly 200 through the ear plates 104 on the two first clamping plates 101 by installing nuts 111 at both ends of the pull rod 109.

[0068] After the first stopper 114 is installed between the resistor 108 and the corresponding capacitor assembly 200, the first stopper 114 forms a semicircular 180-degree radial shielding for the corresponding capacitor assembly 200, effectively protecting the resistor 108 from being damaged by the exploding capacitor assembly 200.

[0069] After the tie rod 109 is installed, the positive electrode 112 and the negative electrode 113 are respectively threadedly installed in the threaded sleeves 103 on the two first clamping plates 101 .

[0070] After all the resistors 108, capacitor assembly 200, first block 114, first clamping plate 101, second clamping plate 107, pull rod 109, positive electrode 112 and negative electrode 113 are installed and assembled, the assembled resistors 108 and capacitor assembly 200 are molded with a silicone rubber coating 116, and a high-temperature curing process is used for the molding of the coating 116.

[0071] During the molding process of the cladding 116, the fluid silicone rubber fills the gaps between the assembled resistor 108 and capacitor assembly 200 under pressure and finally completes the processing and manufacturing of the cladding 116 on the outside of the resistor 108, capacitor assembly 200, first block 114, first clamping plate 101, second clamping plate 107, pull rod 109, positive electrode 112 and negative electrode 113, with only the positive electrode 112 and negative electrode 113 exposed for a certain length.

[0072] During the molding process of the cladding 116, the through holes 105 on the ear plates 104 of the first clamping plate 101 or the second clamping plate 107 allow the fluid silicone rubber to fully fill the interior of the curved electrical contact 106 through the through holes 105, thereby completing the fixed positioning of the electrical contact 106 and further fixing the capacitor assembly 200 and the resistor 108 in an equipotential parallel state.

[0073] After the outer sides of the resistor 108, the capacitor assembly 200, the first stopper 114, the first clamping plate 101, the second clamping plate 107, the pull rod 109, the positive electrode 112 and the negative electrode 113 are molded, pressure relief grooves 117 corresponding to the capacitor assembly 200 are formed on the outer sides of the cladding 116. Each pressure relief groove 117 is radially opposite to the corresponding first stopper 114 along the cylindrical shell 201 of the capacitor assembly 200. When the first stopper 114 forms a semi-enclosed 180-degree shielding for the corresponding capacitor assembly 200, the pressure relief groove 117 is formed. The pressed groove 117 is opposite to the first stopper 114 so that the wall surface of the cladding 116 where the capacitor chip assembly 200 is located is very thin, ensuring that when the capacitor chip assembly 200 explodes due to lightning breakdown, the thin wall surface where the pressure relief groove 117 is located is radially destroyed under the obstruction of the first stopper 114 to effectively relieve pressure, thereby avoiding the damage to the first stopper 114 caused by the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly 200, thereby protecting the resistor 108 from damage, and at the same time, ensuring that the lightning arrester as a whole will not explode due to the explosion of the capacitor chip assembly 200, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the lightning arrester.

[0074] After the molding process of the cladding 116 is completed, a second stopper 119 is inserted into each pressure relief groove 117 to fill it. The second stopper 119 effectively protects the thin wall surface in the pressure relief groove 117 opposite to the capacitor chip assembly 200. When the capacitor chip assembly 200 explodes and the pressure is relieved by destroying the corresponding thin wall surface of the corresponding pressure relief groove 117, the second stopper 119 will automatically pop out under the action of the explosion impact. Because it is made of silicone rubber, it will not cause serious harm to pedestrians after it flies out and falls.

[0075] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0076] When the capacitor chip assembly 200 is struck by lightning, the volume of the capacitor chip assembly 200 expands and deforms, triggering the top rod 205 to swing. The top rod 205 drives the roller 207 at its end to roll on the corresponding swing rod 208 and causes the swing rod 208 to swing down. The swing rod 208 drives the electric contact block 209 to further compress the pressure spring 210 and separate from the capacitor block 203, thereby forming an internal circuit of the capacitor chip assembly 200 without short-circuiting the corresponding resistor 108, so that the resistor 108 can still perform the voltage dividing function together with other resistors 108.

[0077] If the capacitor chip assembly 200 explodes, the explosion-proof first stopper 114 effectively blocks the impact of the explosion, protecting the corresponding resistor 108. Simultaneously, the impact force generated by the exploding capacitor chip assembly 200 breaks the thin wall of the corresponding pressure relief groove 117 and forces the corresponding second stopper 119 out, achieving directional pressure relief without damaging the entire arrester, ensuring that the arrester will not explode and reducing arrester maintenance costs.

[0078] The first stoppers 114 in the present invention are all made of explosion-proof insulating material.

[0079] Multiple resistors 108 connected in series can share the burden of high-voltage surges (such as lightning surges). However, manufacturing tolerances can lead to uneven voltage distribution among the resistors 108 under high voltage, potentially damaging some resistors due to the excessive voltage. Capacitor assemblies 200 connected in parallel with the resistors 108, however, provide uniformity. By leveraging the characteristic of "impedance is inversely proportional to frequency," the parallel capacitor assemblies 200 offer minimal capacitive impedance to high-frequency surges, forcing the high-frequency current to flow evenly through each parallel capacitor assembly 200. This effectively provides a high-frequency bypass for each resistor 108, ensuring uniform voltage distribution across the series resistor chain.

[0080] High-frequency surge discharge can accelerate energy absorption. The capacitor chip assembly 200 can present low impedance to the large amount of high-frequency components generated by lightning waves, providing a low-resistance path for high-frequency surge current to enter the ground directly, preventing high-frequency energy from flowing through the resistor 108 and damaging the resistor. At the same time, the response speed of the capacitor chip assembly 200 reaches the nanosecond level, which is much faster than the thermal response of the resistor. It can instantly discharge lightning current with a steep leading edge, reducing the impact of lightning current on back-end equipment. If the capacitor chip assembly 200 is damaged, it will form a short circuit, allowing the corresponding resistor 108 to retain its voltage divider function. The failure of the capacitor chip assembly 200 does not affect the overall surge absorption. The capacitor chip assembly 200 connected in parallel with the resistor 108 can significantly reduce the equivalent series resistance and improve the high-frequency current flow capacity. The resistor 108 and the capacitor chip assembly 200 connected in parallel with it can optimize heat dissipation and energy distribution. The resistor 108 bears the low-frequency or DC component energy and converts it into heat, while the capacitor chip assembly 200 connected in parallel with the resistor 108 bears high-frequency energy such as high-voltage surges. The series connection of the resistor 108 and the capacitor assembly 200 can prevent a single resistor 108 from being damaged by overheating, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency.

Claims

1. A lightning arrester with self-aligned capacitor plates for protecting substation equipment from lightning strikes, characterized in that: include: A plurality of resistor sheets stacked in series with positive and negative electrodes electrically connected are used to share voltage surges generated by lightning strikes; A plurality of capacitor chip assemblies connected in parallel with the resistor chips, one-to-one, are used to ensure that all the resistor chips effectively and evenly divide the voltage surge generated by the lightning strike. The capacitor chip assemblies have a structural feature that when struck by lightning, they will break the circuit themselves, allowing all the resistor chips to continuously divide the voltage surge generated by the lightning strike. A silicone rubber coating is molded on the outside of the resistor and capacitor components through a high-temperature curing process to form a sealing protection for the resistor and capacitor components. A plurality of sheds are formed on the outside of the coating; The capacitor plate assembly includes a cylindrical shell, two electrical contacts are provided at both ends of the cylindrical shell for cooperating with the electrical contacts on the ear plates of the first and second clamping plates or the electrical contact sheets on the ear plates of the two second clamping plates, positioning grooves are provided on the electrical contacts for cooperating with the corresponding electrical contact sheets, a cylindrical capacitor block eccentric to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell is fixed thereto by gluing, the two ends of the capacitor block are electrically connected to the two electrical contacts respectively, and a disconnection structure is provided in the cylindrical shell for disconnecting one end of the capacitor block from the corresponding electrical contact when the capacitor block is damaged by lightning and its volume increases; One end of the capacitor block is electrically connected to the corresponding end electrical contact through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor block is electrically in contact with the corresponding end electrical contact through an electrical contact block connected to the pressure spring; The touch-off structure includes a V-shaped rocker arm and a push rod, one end of the rocker arm is fixedly connected to the electric contact block, and the other end of the rocker arm is hinged to the inner cylindrical surface of the cylindrical shell. The push rod is arranged in the gap between the capacitor block and the cylindrical shell, one end of the push rod is hinged to the inner end of the cylindrical shell, and the other end of the push rod is abutted against the inner concave surface of the rocker arm, and the push rod is provided with a push block that contacts the cylindrical surface of the capacitor block.

2. The self-aligned capacitor plate lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two first clamping plates are provided at both ends of all the resistor sheets, and a second clamping plate is provided between adjacent resistor sheets. Both the first clamping plates and the second clamping plates are provided with ear plates for clamping the corresponding capacitor sheet assembly and making the capacitor sheet assembly and the corresponding resistor sheet connected in parallel. The two first clamping plates are clamped and fixed to all the second clamping plates and the resistor sheets by four insulating material pull rods 90 degrees apart in the circumferential direction, and the ear plates of the two first clamping plates are tightened and fixed by two pull rods.

3. The self-aligned capacitor plate lightning arrester according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two ends of the pull rod respectively pass through the pull ears with holes on the first clamping plate or the ear plate and are fixed by nuts.

4. The self-aligned capacitor plate lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swing end of the push rod is provided with a roller which matches the inner concave surface of the swing rod.

5. The self-aligned capacitor plate lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first clamping plate is provided with a screw sleeve, and the screw sleeve is threadedly connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

6. The self-aligned capacitor plate lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ear plate is provided with a through hole opposite to the corresponding electric contact piece.

7. The self-aligned capacitor plate lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first block is provided between the cylindrical shell and the corresponding resistor sheet to form a semicircular 180-degree surround of the corresponding cylindrical shell. Two hanging ears connected to the pull rod hook are symmetrically provided on the first block. The outer wall of the cladding is provided with a plurality of pressure relief grooves which are opposite to the first block one by one and make the other side of the cylindrical shell correspond to the small-sized cladding wall thickness. A second block is inserted in the pressure relief groove.

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