Super-capacity energy storage management system in static synchronous phase modifier, charging method and device

Abstract

The invention provides a super-capacity energy storage management system in a static synchronous phase modifier, and a charging method and device, and relates to the field of static synchronous phase modifiers. The super-capacitance energy storage management system comprises a power unit, a high-voltage box and a super-capacitor unit which are electrically connected in sequence; the power unit is used for realizing power conversion of the charging and discharging process of the super capacitor; the high-voltage box is used for realizing electrical connection between the super-capacitor unit and the power unit, a switching power supply is arranged in the high-voltage box, power taking points of the switching power supply comprise a first power taking point, and the first power taking point is connected to the positive electrode output end of the power unit; the switching power supply supplies power to the first capacitor management unit through the first power taking point; the super capacitor unit comprises a super capacitor and a first capacitor management unit, the first capacitor management unit takes electricity from the switching power supply, and the first capacitor management unit is used for monitoring the super capacitor in charging and running states. According to the invention, the complete charging process of the super capacitor can be monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of static synchronous compensators, and particularly to an over-capacity energy storage management system, a charging method and a device thereof in a static synchronous compensator. Background Art

[0002] With the increasingly wide application of power electronic converters in the power system, the physical form of the new power system is gradually changing from a traditional mechanical and electromagnetic system dominated by synchronous generators to a hybrid system jointly dominated by power electronic devices and synchronous generators, including power semiconductors and ferromagnetic components. As the proportion of converters in the power system increases, the equivalent inertia of the system will be significantly reduced, and the frequency stability will deteriorate accordingly. In severe cases, frequency stability accidents may be triggered. Especially in power grids with weak system strength and low physical inertia, this situation seriously affects the grid connection safety of new energy and significantly restricts its consumption capacity.

[0003] Traditional static var generators (SVG) have the ability of reactive power compensation and voltage support, but there is a risk of over-voltage compensation under AC system fault conditions, and they cannot fully meet the requirements of improving the grid connection stability of new energy under weak grid conditions. Synchronous compensators have received extensive attention in the industry in the past decade due to their unique advantages in enhancing system inertia support, improving frequency and voltage characteristics. However, synchronous compensators have problems such as high cost, complex system, difficult maintenance, and difficult site selection. With the continuous development of power electronic device technology and control technology, the concept of grid-forming SVG has emerged, which is usually also called a static synchronous compensator in the industry.

[0004] The static synchronous compensator has the ability of inertia support and transient voltage support, which can effectively improve the voltage stability of the system. Its design usually adds an energy storage unit to the traditional SVG architecture. The energy storage unit mostly uses supercapacitors or batteries, and each energy storage unit needs to be equipped with a corresponding energy storage management system (Capacitor Management System, CMS). In the conventional design scheme, the working power required by the energy storage management system is usually directly taken from the energy storage unit it manages. For the battery energy storage system, since the battery power generally will not be completely depleted to zero, this power taking method can be effectively realized. However, supercapacitors do not have this characteristic, and their voltage will drop to zero due to self-discharge when not used for a long time. Therefore, when the voltage of the supercapacitor drops below a certain threshold due to self-discharge, the energy storage management system will not be able to work due to the too low power taking voltage. When pre-charging the supercapacitor at the initial stage of the device startup, if according to some traditional designs (for example, the supercapacitor is directly connected to the energy storage management system and charged through an external large resistor in the main circuit), when the supercapacitor is initially without power or has insufficient power, the energy storage management system will not be able to start, resulting in an unknown working state. This method makes the supercapacitor in an unmonitored state for a period of time at the initial stage of charging, which is extremely dangerous for a high-voltage system. Considering that the static synchronous compensator device may be configured with up to tens of thousands of supercapacitors, this uncontrolled state is extremely likely to cause potential safety hazards. In addition, the static synchronous compensator is mostly applied to high-voltage systems such as 10 kV and 35 kV. If an isolation transformer power supply method is adopted for its energy storage management system, the system will become very complex, and the volume and cost will also increase significantly, while the conventional low-voltage isolation power supply method is usually difficult to apply. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a supercapacitor energy storage management system, a charging method and a device in a static synchronous compensator, which are used to solve the problem that the charging process of the supercapacitor cannot be monitored when the voltage of the supercapacitor in the prior art is low. Secondly, in the present application, there is no need to adopt an isolation transformer power supply method for the energy storage management system of the supercapacitor, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and there is no need to adopt the conventional low-voltage isolation power supply method, and it has strong applicability.

[0006] The present application provides a supercapacitor energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator, including a power unit, a high-voltage box and a supercapacitor unit that are electrically connected in sequence; The power unit is used to realize the power conversion of the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitors in the supercapacitor unit; The high-voltage box is used to achieve the electrical connection between the supercapacitor unit and the power unit. A switching power supply is arranged in the high-voltage box. The power-taking points of the switching power supply include a first power-taking point, and the first power-taking point is connected to the positive output terminal of the power unit. During the charging process of the supercapacitor, the switching power supply supplies power to the first capacitor management unit in the supercapacitor unit through the first power-taking point; The supercapacitor unit is used to provide active power support for the static synchronous compensator. The supercapacitor unit includes a supercapacitor and a first capacitor management unit. The supercapacitor is electrically connected to the first capacitor management unit. The first capacitor management unit obtains power from the switching power supply, and the first capacitor management unit is used to monitor the supercapacitor in the charging and operating states.

[0007] According to the supercapacitor energy storage management system provided by the present application, a second capacitor management unit is further arranged in the high-voltage box, and the second capacitor management unit is electrically connected to the first capacitor management unit; The second capacitor management unit is used to: monitor the supercapacitor in the charging and operating states and the first capacitor management unit in the operating state.

[0008] According to the supercapacitor energy storage management system provided by the present application, a charging circuit of the supercapacitor is further arranged in the high-voltage box. The charging circuit of the supercapacitor is electrically connected to the positive output terminal of the power unit and the positive input terminal of the switching power supply respectively. The charging circuit of the supercapacitor is located after the first power-taking point. The power unit includes a DC bus capacitor; The charging circuit of the supercapacitor is used to charge the supercapacitor when the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold and the voltage across the supercapacitor is lower than a second voltage threshold.

[0009] According to the supercapacitor energy storage management system provided by the present application, the power-taking points of the switching power supply further include a second power-taking point. The second power-taking point is located after the charging circuit of the supercapacitor. A diode module is further arranged in the high-voltage box. The anode of the diode module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the charging circuit of the supercapacitor. The output terminal of the diode module is connected to the positive input terminal of the switching power supply. The input terminal of the diode module is connected to the first power-taking point and the second power-taking point; The diode module is used to control the switching power supply to obtain power from the first power-taking point or from the second power-taking point.

[0010] According to the supercapacitor energy storage management system provided by the present application, the diode module includes a first diode and a second diode. The first diode and the second diode are connected in common cathode. The cathode of the first diode or the second diode is connected to the positive input terminal of the switching power supply. The anode of the first diode is connected to the first power-taking point, and the anode of the second diode is connected to the second power-taking point; The first diode is used to supply power to the switching power supply through the first power-taking point; The second diode is used to supply power to the switching power supply through the second power-taking point.

[0011] The present application also provides a supercapacitor charging method based on the supercapacitor energy storage management system in the above static synchronous compensator, including: When it is determined to charge the supercapacitor, control the switching power supply to enter the operating state through the first power-taking point; When the switching power supply is in the operating state, control the first capacitor management unit to enter the operating state; When the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state, control the supercapacitor to enter the charging state.

[0012] According to the supercapacitor charging method provided by the present application, after controlling the switching power supply to enter the operating state, the method further includes: When the switching power supply is in the operating state, control the second capacitor management unit to enter the operating state; The step of controlling the supercapacitor to enter the charging state when the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state includes: When the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state, if the second capacitor management unit is in the operating state, control the supercapacitor to enter the charging state.

[0013] According to the supercapacitor charging method provided by the present application, after controlling the supercapacitor to enter the charging state, the method further includes: Control the switching power supply to draw power from the first power-taking point or the second power-taking point through the diode module.

[0014] According to the supercapacitor charging method provided by the present application, after controlling the supercapacitor to enter the charging state, the method further includes: When the voltage difference between the voltage across the supercapacitor and the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is within a preset voltage difference range, control the supercapacitor to exit the charging state.

[0015] The present application also provides an ultracapacitor charging method based on the ultracapacitor energy storage management system in the above static synchronous compensator, which is applied to the controller in the static synchronous compensator. The controller is electrically connected to the power unit. The ultracapacitor charging method includes: The first control module is configured to control the switching power supply to enter the operating state through the first power extraction point when it is determined to charge the supercapacitor; The second control module is configured to control the first capacitor management unit to enter the operating state when the switching power supply is in the operating state; The third control module is configured to control the supercapacitor to enter the charging state when the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state.

[0016] The present application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the ultracapacitor charging method of a static synchronous compensator as described in any one of the above.

[0017] The present application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the ultracapacitor charging method of the ultracapacitor energy storage management system in the static synchronous compensator as described in any one of the above.

[0018] The present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the ultracapacitor charging method of the ultracapacitor energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator as described in any one of the above.

[0019] In the present application, when it is necessary to charge the supercapacitor, the switching power supply can draw power from the first power extraction point, so as to supply power to the first capacity management unit, so that the first capacity management unit is maintained in the operating state (i.e., the working state). There will be no situation where the supercapacitor is in an unmonitored state during a period of charging the supercapacitor in the related art, and the potential safety hazards caused by this uncontrolled state can be avoided. In addition, in the present application, there is no need to adopt an isolated transformer power supply method for the energy storage management system of the supercapacitor, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and there is no need to adopt a conventional low-voltage isolated power supply method, which has strong applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a supercapacitor energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator shown in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic principle diagram of a high-voltage box shown in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic principle diagram of a static synchronous compensator using the star connection method shown in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic principle diagram of a static synchronous compensator using the delta connection method shown in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 It is a flowchart of a supercapacitor charging method of a supercapacitor energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator shown in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 It is a structural block diagram of a supercapacitor charging device of a static synchronous compensator shown in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a schematic physical structure diagram of an electronic device shown in an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present application. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0023] The present application first provides a supercapacitor energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator, and its structure is as Figure 1 shown. Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a supercapacitor energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator shown in an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Referring to Figure 1 , the supercapacitor energy storage management system of the present application includes a power unit, a high-voltage box, and a supercapacitor unit that are electrically connected in sequence.

[0025] In the present application, the positive and negative electrodes of the power unit are correspondingly connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the high-voltage box, and the positive and negative electrodes of the high-voltage box are correspondingly connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the supercapacitor unit.

[0026] In the present application, the power unit is used to implement power conversion in the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitors in the supercapacitor unit.

[0027] In the present application, the high-voltage box is used to implement the electrical connection between the supercapacitor unit and the power unit.

[0028] There is a switching power supply inside the high-voltage box. The power-taking points of the switching power supply include a first power-taking point, and the first power-taking point is connected to the positive output terminal of the power unit.

[0029] In Figure 1 , the DCDC power supply represents the switching power supply. DC1+ represents the first power-taking point.

[0030] During the charging process of the supercapacitor, the switching power supply supplies power to the first capacitor management unit in the supercapacitor unit through the first power-taking point.

[0031] In this application, the supercapacitor unit is used to provide active power support for the static synchronous compensator.

[0032] The supercapacitor unit includes a supercapacitor and a first capacitor management unit. The supercapacitor is electrically connected to the first capacitor management unit. The first capacitor management unit draws power from the switching power supply and is used to monitor the supercapacitor in the charging state and the supercapacitor in the operating state (i.e., the working state).

[0033] In this application, the supercapacitor is in the form of a supercapacitor cluster, and the supercapacitor cluster is composed of multiple supercapacitor modules.

[0034] In Figure 1 , the supercapacitor is the supercapacitor. The supercapacitor includes supercapacitor 1 to supercapacitor n, and each supercapacitor corresponds to a capacitor management unit (Capacitor Management Unit, CMU). In this application, the CMU in the supercapacitor unit is called the first capacitor management unit. In Figure 1 , CMU1 - CMUn are all the first capacitor management units.

[0035] In this application, when the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than the preset threshold due to self-discharge and the supercapacitor needs to be charged, the switching power supply can draw power from the first power-taking point to supply power to the first capacity management unit, so that the first capacity management unit maintains the working state, and there will be no situation where the supercapacitor is in an unmonitored state during a period of charging the supercapacitor in the related art, and the potential safety hazards caused by this uncontrolled state can be avoided.

[0036] In addition, in this application, there is no need to adopt the power supply method of an isolation transformer for the energy storage management system of the supercapacitor, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and there is no need to adopt the conventional low-voltage isolation power supply method, which has strong applicability.

[0037] Combined with the above embodiments, in one implementation, a second capacitor management unit is further provided in the high-voltage box, and the second capacitor management unit is electrically connected to the first capacitor management unit. The second capacitor management unit is used to monitor the supercapacitor in the charging and operating states and the first capacitor management unit in the operating state.

[0038] In Figure 1 , the CCU is the Central Control Unit, and in this application, the CCU in the high-voltage box is referred to as the second capacitor management unit.

[0039] In this application, the energy storage management system (Capacitor Management System, CMS) of the supercapacitor is divided into two levels. The first level is the CCU, and the second level is the CMU. The CCU is placed in the high-voltage box, and its power supply is taken from the DCDC switching power supply. The CMU is installed on the supercapacitor module panel, and its power supply is taken from the DCDC switching power supply in the high-voltage box. This method makes the DCDC switching power supply, CMU, and CCU all at the equipotential point. Since the high-voltage box and the supercapacitor energy storage management system framework are equipotential, the supercapacitor energy storage management system is isolated from the ground through insulators, enabling power supply under high-voltage systems without additionally introducing an isolation power supply.

[0040] In this application, since both the CCU and the CMU obtain power from the switching power supply, when the switching power supply is in the working state, the CCU and the CMU can directly enter the working state, thereby jointly supervising the charging process of the supercapacitor to ensure the stable operation of the static synchronous compensator.

[0041] Combined with the above embodiments, in one implementation, a charging circuit for the supercapacitor is further provided in the high-voltage box. The charging circuit of the supercapacitor is electrically connected to the positive output terminal of the power unit and the positive input terminal of the switching power supply respectively. The charging circuit of the supercapacitor is located after the first power-taking point, and the power unit includes a DC bus capacitor.

[0042] Among them, the charging circuit of the supercapacitor is used to charge the supercapacitor when the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold and the voltage across the supercapacitor is lower than the second voltage threshold.

[0043] As Figure 1 shown, the charging circuit of the supercapacitor includes a contactor KM1, a contactor KM2, and a resistor R2. KM1 serves as the charging switch of the supercapacitor, KM2 serves as the charging bypass switch of the supercapacitor, and R2 serves as the charging resistor of the supercapacitor.

[0044] In this application, when the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold and the voltage across the supercapacitor is lower than the second voltage threshold, it can be determined that the supercapacitor needs to be charged.

[0045] When charging the supercapacitor, close KM1 and charge the supercapacitor through resistor R2. When stopping the charging, close KM2.

[0046] In this application, if the voltage across the supercapacitor is lower than the second voltage threshold, but the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is less than the first voltage threshold, the DC bus capacitor in the power unit needs to be charged first through the charging circuit in the main circuit until the voltage across the DC bus capacitor in the power unit is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold, and then the supercapacitor is charged.

[0047] Among them, the second voltage threshold is usually a relatively small value, for example, a value close to 0. The first voltage threshold is usually a relatively large value, for example, 250V. The first voltage threshold and the second voltage threshold can be set according to experience respectively, and this application does not limit this.

[0048] In this application, the supercapacitor is charged only when the voltage across the DC bus capacitor in the power unit is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold and the voltage across the supercapacitor is lower than the second voltage threshold, which can ensure the smooth charging of the supercapacitor.

[0049] Combined with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the power take-off point of the switching power supply further includes a second power take-off point. The second power take-off point is located after the charging circuit of the supercapacitor. A diode module is also provided in the high-voltage box. The input end of the diode module is electrically connected to the output end of the charging circuit of the supercapacitor, the output end of the diode module is connected to the positive input end of the switching power supply, and the input end of the diode module is connected to the first power take-off point and the second power take-off point.

[0050] The diode module is used to control the switching power supply to take power from the first power take-off point or from the second power take-off point.

[0051] In Figure 1 DC2+ represents the second power take-off point.

[0052] The diode module can select two separate diodes or use a module device. This application does not limit this, as long as the diode module can control the switching power supply to take power from the first power take-off point or from the second power take-off point.

[0053] In one embodiment, the diode module includes a first diode and a second diode. The first diode and the second diode are connected in common cathode. The cathode of the first diode or the second diode is connected to the positive input terminal of the switching power supply. The anode of the first diode is connected to the first power-taking point, and the anode of the second diode is connected to the second power-taking point.

[0054] The first diode is used to supply power to the switching power supply through the first power-taking point.

[0055] The second diode is used to supply power to the switching power supply through the second power-taking point.

[0056] As Figure 1 shown, A2 is the anode of the lower diode (hereinafter referred to as the first diode) in the diode module. This is the forward terminal where current flows into the diode and is connected to DC1+. K2 is the cathode of the first diode. This is the forward terminal where current flows out of the diode and is connected to K1 and then jointly connected to the positive pole of the DCDC power supply.

[0057] A1 is the anode of the upper diode (hereinafter referred to as the second diode) in the diode module. This is the forward terminal where current flows into the diode and is connected to DC2+. K1 is the cathode of the second diode. This is the forward terminal where current flows out of the diode.

[0058] In this application, the A poles of the two diodes are respectively connected to two points of the positive pole of the high-voltage box (i.e., DC1+ and DC2+).

[0059] As Figure 1 shown, in this application, the supercapacitor energy storage management system further includes a filtering unit. The filtering unit is arranged between the power unit and the high-voltage box. The first power-taking point is connected to the positive output terminal of the filtering unit. The filtering unit is used to filter out the voltage ripple and high-frequency noise in the DC output of the power unit.

[0060] Secondly, in Figure 1 , FU1 is a fuse, which is used to provide overcurrent protection for the supercapacitor loop. QF is a circuit breaker, which is used to provide short-circuit or overload protection.

[0061] In this application, the charging resistor of the supercapacitor (i.e., R2) is built into the high-voltage box, and the charging resistor of the supercapacitor is not designed on the main circuit of the device.

[0062] The relationship among the high-voltage box, the power unit, and the supercapacitor is as Figure 2 shown. Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a high-voltage box body shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0063] In this application, the supercapacitor energy storage management system adopts a cascaded method and is built-in with support capacitors (i.e., DC bus capacitors). The connection method can be star connection or delta connection. The star connection is as shown in Figure 3 and the delta connection is as shown in Figure 4 . Figure 3 Figure Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of a static synchronous compensator using star connection shown in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 Figure Figure 4 is the schematic diagram of a static synchronous compensator using delta connection shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0064] In Figure 3 , the topmost 35 kV bus and the equipment directly connected to the bus (such as circuit breaker QF2, voltage transformer TV1, etc.) represent the AC side, which is the interface part where the entire static synchronous compensator is connected to the external 35 kV AC power system.

[0065] The main circuit is the main power path that runs through the entire static synchronous compensator from the access point on the AC side (starting from after circuit breaker QF2 or disconnecting switch QS3).

[0066] In Figure 3 , QE2 and QE3 both represent grounding switches, QF2 represents a circuit breaker, TA1 represents a current transformer, QS3 represents a disconnecting switch, (QC + R) represents the charging circuit in the main circuit (hereinafter referred to as the first charging circuit), QC represents the charging switch in the main circuit, R represents the charging resistor in the main circuit, and L represents the reactor in the main circuit. LA1 - LA3 represent current transformers. AM1 - AMn / BM1 - BMn / CM1 - CMn represent the power units connected in series in the A / B / C three phases, AC1 - ACn / BC1 - BCn / CC1 - CCn represent high-voltage boxes, and AD1 - ADn / BD1 - BDn / CD1 - CDn represent supercapacitor energy storage units (supercapacitor clusters).

[0067] Similarly, in Figure 4 , QF2 represents a circuit breaker, QE2 and QE3 both represent grounding switches, TA1 represents a current transformer, QS3 represents a disconnecting switch, (QC + R) represents the charging circuit in the main circuit, QC represents the charging switch in the main circuit, and R represents the charging resistor in the main circuit. L represents the reactor in the main circuit. LA1 - LA3 represent current transformers. AM1 - AMn / BM1 - BMn / CM1 - CMn represent the power units connected in series in the A / B / C three phases, AC1 - ACn / BC1 - BCn / CC1 - CCn represent high-voltage boxes, and AD1 - ADn / BD1 - BDn / CD1 - CDn represent supercapacitor energy storage units (supercapacitor clusters).

[0068] In this application, the charging circuit on the AC side has a main circuit, including a charging resistor (i.e., R) and a charging switch (i.e., QC) of the main circuit. This charging circuit is used to charge the support capacitor in the supercapacitor energy storage management system. Therefore, when it is detected that the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is less than the first voltage threshold, the DC bus capacitor can be charged through the charging circuit of the main circuit. Specifically, taking Figure 3 as an example, when the charging switch QC is off, the DC bus capacitor can be charged through the charging resistor R. When the charging switch QC is on, the charging operation of the DC bus capacitor can be stopped.

[0069] In this application, the maximum input voltage that the DCDC power supply can withstand needs to be higher than the highest rated operating voltage that the DC bus (i.e., the line where DC1+ or DC2+ is located) to which it is connected may appear under normal or abnormal conditions. Since the DCDC power supply draws power from DC1+ or DC2+, the voltage of the high-voltage DC line where DC1+ or DC2+ is located may fluctuate, and even reach the peak value under certain working conditions. To prevent the DCDC power supply from being damaged due to too high input voltage, a model with a sufficiently high maximum input voltage tolerance needs to be selected, leaving a safety margin. The minimum value of the input voltage of the DCDC power supply needs to be lower than the first voltage threshold corresponding to the support capacitor. In addition, the output voltage and power of the DCDC power supply also need to meet the requirements of the CMU and CCU.

[0070] In one implementation, the theoretical input voltage range of the DCDC power supply can be 250V - 1500V. Among them, 250V is the first voltage threshold. In actual implementation, the minimum operating voltage of the DCDC power supply needs to be lower than 250V to ensure reliable startup and design margin.

[0071] In this application, the power unit adopts a full-bridge or half-bridge circuit topology, and its DC side (or DC link) is configured with a DC bus capacitor. This module uses a metal shell and is fastened to the mounting frame by bolts (or screws) to ensure equipotential connection with the frame.

[0072] In this application, the high-voltage box adopts a metal shell and is connected to the mounting frame by bolts (or screws) to ensure equipotentiality. The CCU, contactor, sampling unit, and other control units inside the high-voltage box are all powered by a built-in switching power supply (i.e., DCDC power supply). The metal shell of the built-in switching power supply needs to be reliably connected to the box body of the high-voltage box through a wire to achieve equipotentiality (i.e., connected to the common reference potential of this unit). For the input-stage diodes and their modules of the switching power supply itself, devices that can meet the requirements of the highest DC voltage tolerance inside the high-voltage box should be selected. Finally, the mounting frame of the ultracapacitor energy storage management system, the shell of the power unit, the box body of the high-voltage box, and the metal shells or reference grounds of the main devices installed inside it all need to be reliably connected to each other to form a unified equipotential body.

[0073] In this application, the ultracapacitor unit body is made of metal and is connected to the mounting frame by bolts (or screws) to ensure equipotentiality. The shell of the CMU is made of metal and is reliably connected to the installed ultracapacitor unit structure through a wire to achieve equipotentiality. For the power supply terminals and signal acquisition ports of the CMU, since they process low-voltage signals inside a floating potential, the insulation between them only needs to meet the performance requirements of a conventional low-voltage system. The communication cable between the CMU and the CCU is preferably a conventional low-voltage shielded cable. To improve the power supply reliability, the power supply network of the CMU can be designed as a ring or a two-end power supply structure (for example, the power supply lines are connected to the head and the end of the CMU chain at the same time) to ensure redundant power supply. The CCU is configured with at least two communication output interfaces to meet the need for flexible connection of the CMU chain. High-voltage insulators are installed at the bottom of the overall mounting frame of the ultracapacitor energy storage management system to achieve high-voltage isolation of the entire unit from the ground (or the mounting foundation).

[0074] In this application, in Figure 3 or Figure 4 In the cascaded multilevel topology structure shown, multiple ultracapacitor energy storage management systems are connected in series with each other in each phase (arm). The entire series chain of the ultracapacitor energy storage management system is connected to the high-voltage AC system through a main reactor. Each ultracapacitor energy storage management system (including the power unit, high-voltage box, and ultracapacitor unit inside it) works at a high potential relative to the ground as a whole. To ensure safe operation, reliable high-voltage insulation measures (such as using high-voltage insulators or ensuring sufficient insulation distance) must be taken between adjacent ultracapacitor energy storage management systems and between the ultracapacitor energy storage management system and the ground. Through this series structure, the high-voltage system voltage is (approximately) evenly distributed to each ultracapacitor energy storage management system on the chain, achieving voltage division.

[0075] In this application, the supercapacitor management system (CMS) adopts a two - level architecture: the bottom - layer is the CMU that directly manages the supercapacitor module, and the upper - layer is the CCU. The CCU is responsible for reliable communication with the subordinate CMUs and managing them. Given that the entire supercapacitor energy storage management system operates at a high potential relative to the ground, the CMS is also at this floating potential. The power supplies of the CMU and the CCU are directly taken from the switched - mode power supply (DCDC power supply) built in the high - voltage box, and the two obtain power supplies in parallel.

[0076] Therefore, when implementing the solution proposed in this application, the energy storage management system CMS is divided into two levels. In the case where the supercapacitor has no initial voltage, it can indirectly obtain the working power supply through the DC voltage (the voltage of the DC bus capacitor) established inside the supercapacitor energy storage management system. In this way, the power - on process of the CMS is effectively decoupled from the charging process of the supercapacitor.

[0077] In this application, the output voltage of the switched - mode power supply needs to meet the rated working voltage requirements of the CMU and the CCU.

[0078] (1) The capacity of the switched - mode power supply The selection is as follows: Among them, represents the capacity under the rated working condition of the CMU, with the unit of W; represents the capacity under the rated working condition of the CCU, with the unit of W; represents the sum of the rated capacities of the devices connected to the switched - mode power supply in the high - voltage box. M represents the number of connected CMUs; N represents the number of connected CCUs; is the design margin, and the installation space and power margin of the high - voltage box need to be considered, Generally, it is taken as 1.2.

[0079] (2) The maximum value of the input voltage of the switched - mode power supply The value is as follows: Among them, represents the maximum value of the DC voltage of the high - voltage box; represents the maximum value of the DC voltage of the supercapacitor energy storage management system; represents the maximum value of the working voltage of the supercapacitor; is the design margin, and the reliability of the system operation needs to be considered, Generally, it is taken as 1.3.

[0080] (3) The minimum value of the input voltage of the switched - mode power supply The value is as follows: Among them, For the design margin, the reliability of the system operation needs to be considered. Generally, it is taken as 0.8. It represents the voltage of the support capacitor after the charging is completed.

[0081] When the static synchronous compensator adopts the star connection topology, The design method is as follows: Among them, It represents the system line voltage; It represents the number of series connections in a single phase under the star connection topology.

[0082] When the static synchronous compensator adopts the delta connection topology, The design method is as follows: Among them, It represents the system line voltage; It represents the number of series connections in a single phase under the delta connection topology.

[0083] (4) The specific selection of the diode is as follows: The deviation of the diode internal resistance shall not exceed ; Rated voltage ; Rated current ; It is the rated current of the switching power supply.

[0084] Based on the supercapacitor energy storage management system in the static synchronous compensator provided above, the supercapacitor charging method based on this supercapacitor energy storage management system will be introduced in detail below. The method of this application is applied to the controller in the static synchronous compensator, and the controller is electrically connected to the power unit. Figure 5 It is the flowchart of a supercapacitor charging method of a supercapacitor energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator shown in an embodiment of this application. Referring to Figure 5 , the supercapacitor charging method of this application includes the following steps: Step 101, when it is determined to charge the supercapacitor, control the switching power supply to enter the operating state through the first power taking point.

[0085] Before step 101, the following steps need to be executed first: when the voltage across the supercapacitor is lower than the second voltage threshold, determine whether the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold.

[0086] In this application, when the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold, then execute step 101, that is, control the switching power supply to enter the operating state through the first power taking point.

[0087] Since the first power-taking point is connected to the positive output terminal of the filtering unit, that is, the switching power supply can directly take power from the first power-taking point. Therefore, if it is detected that the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold, the switching power supply can be directly controlled to enter the operating state.

[0088] If the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is less than the first voltage threshold, the DC bus capacitor needs to be charged first through the charging circuit of the main circuit until the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold.

[0089] Step 102: When the switching power supply is in the operating state, control the first capacitor management unit to enter the operating state.

[0090] In this application, since the first capacitor management unit takes power from the switching power supply, therefore, when the switching power supply is in the operating state, the first capacitor management unit can directly enter the operating state.

[0091] Step 103: When the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state, control the super capacitor to enter the charging state.

[0092] In this step, when it is determined that the first capacity management unit is in the operating state, charging the super capacitor can enable the first capacity management unit to monitor the entire charging process of the super capacitor.

[0093] In this application, when the super capacitor needs to be charged, the switching power supply can take power from the first power-taking point to supply power to the first capacity management unit, so that the first capacity management unit maintains the operating state. There will be no situation where the super capacitor is in an unmonitored state during a period of charging the super capacitor in the related art, and potential safety hazards caused by this uncontrolled state can be avoided. In addition, in this application, there is no need to adopt an isolated transformer power supply method for the energy storage management system of the super capacitor, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and there is no need to adopt a conventional low-voltage isolated power supply method, which has strong applicability.

[0094] Combined with the above embodiments, in one implementation manner, after controlling the switching power supply to enter the operating state, the method of this application may further include: When the switching power supply is in the operating state, control the second capacitor management unit to enter the operating state.

[0095] Correspondingly, when the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state, controlling the super capacitor to enter the charging state includes: When the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state, if the second capacitor management unit is in the operating state, control the super capacitor to enter the charging state.

[0096] In this application, the energy storage management system CMS of the supercapacitor is divided into two levels. The first level is the CCU, and the second level is the CMU. Since both the CCU and the CMU obtain power from the switching power supply, when the switching power supply is in the operating state, the CCU and the CMU can directly enter the operating state, thereby jointly supervising the charging process of the supercapacitor and ensuring the stable operation of the static synchronous compensator.

[0097] Combined with the above embodiments, in one implementation, controlling the supercapacitor to enter the charging state includes: Controlling the supercapacitor to enter the charging state through the charging circuit of the supercapacitor.

[0098] As described above, when charging the supercapacitor, the contactor KM1 is closed, and the supercapacitor is charged through the charging resistor R2. When stopping the charging operation of the supercapacitor, the contactor KM2 is closed.

[0099] Combined with the above embodiments, in one implementation, after controlling the supercapacitor to enter the charging state, the method of this application may further include: Controlling the switching power supply to obtain power from the first power-taking point or the second power-taking point through the diode module.

[0100] Specifically, the diode module includes a first diode and a second diode. The first diode and the second diode are connected in common cathode. The positive input terminal of the switching power supply is connected to the cathode of the first diode or the second diode. The anode of the first diode is connected to the first power-taking point, and the anode of the second diode is connected to the second power-taking point.

[0101] Correspondingly, controlling the switching power supply to obtain power from the first power-taking point or the second power-taking point specifically includes: Controlling the switching power supply to obtain power from the first power-taking point through the first diode, or controlling the switching power supply to obtain power from the second power-taking point through the second diode.

[0102] In this application, the energy storage management system CMS of the supercapacitor no longer directly depends on the voltage state of the supercapacitor itself. By preferentially obtaining power from DC1+ through the DCDC power supply, it can ensure that the startup of the CMS does not depend on whether the supercapacitor (DC2+) has power, realizing the decoupling of the charging process of the supercapacitor and the charging process of the supercapacitor energy storage management system.

[0103] Combined with the above embodiments, in one implementation, after controlling the supercapacitor to enter the charging state, the method of this application may further include: Controlling the supercapacitor to exit the charging state when the voltage difference between the voltage across the supercapacitor and the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is within a preset voltage difference range.

[0104] Among them, the preset pressure difference range can be set according to actual requirements.

[0105] Combined with Figure 3 the structure in Step 1: Before startup, disconnect the switches of each loop in the static synchronous compensator and keep the circuit breaker QF in the high-voltage box closed. Step 2: Before charging, obtain the voltage across the support capacitor (DC bus capacitor) in the power unit and determine whether the voltage is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold (e.g., 250V). If not, go to Step 3; if so, go to Step 4. Step 3: Determine whether the supercapacitor is normal. If normal, start the charging circuit of the main loop to charge the support capacitor. When the voltage across the support capacitors in all supercapacitor energy storage management systems reaches the design value (e.g., 400V) (i.e., the voltage across the support capacitors stabilizes), close the charging bypass switch QC in the charging circuit of the main loop (i.e., the current no longer passes through the resistor R), so that the voltage across the support capacitors is maintained at the design value (e.g., 400V), that is, the DC voltage inside the supercapacitor energy storage management system stabilizes at the working level of the design value (e.g., 400V).

[0106] Step 4: When the voltage across the support capacitor is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold, the DCDC power supply in the high-voltage box starts to work. At the same time, the CCU and CMU also start to work. At this time, the voltage across the supercapacitor is lower than the second voltage threshold. For example, the voltage of the supercapacitor is 0, and the second voltage threshold is a value slightly greater than 0. Step 5: Close the charging switch KM1 in the charging circuit of the supercapacitor in the high-voltage box to charge the supercapacitor. At this time, since both the CCU and CMU are in operation, the charging process of the supercapacitor can be monitored in real time.

[0107] Step 6: When the pressure difference between the supercapacitor and the support capacitor is within the preset pressure difference range, close the charging bypass switch KM2 in the charging circuit of the supercapacitor. Thus, the charging of the supercapacitor is completed.

[0108] In subsequent steps, the static synchronous compensator further adjusts the voltage of the supercapacitor through the supercapacitor energy storage management system to ensure that it reaches the required operating state. That is, the static synchronous compensator can utilize the power electronic conversion ability of the power unit itself to actively and precisely control the voltage of the supercapacitor, so that the entire energy storage system reaches a fully ready state for subsequent tasks such as phase modulation and providing active power support.

[0109] Through the solution of the present application, not only can the problem that the charging process of the supercapacitor cannot be monitored when the voltage of the supercapacitor is relatively low be solved, but also the isolation between the primary and secondary voltages of the CMS in the high-voltage system can be achieved, that is, reliable high-voltage electrical isolation is realized between the monitoring circuit (primary) with a high-voltage floating potential and the external circuit (secondary) with a low-voltage or grounded potential, providing effective technical support for the application of the high-voltage static synchronous compensator.

[0110] In summary, implementing the solution of the present application enables the high-voltage static synchronous compensator equipment to monitor the charging state of the supercapacitor throughout the process when the supercapacitor has zero voltage (or the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than the second voltage threshold) during the startup of the whole machine. The method in the present application decouples the power supply of the energy storage management system CMS of the supercapacitor from the voltage state of the supercapacitor (that is, it no longer directly depends on the voltage state of the supercapacitor itself. Through the design of preferentially taking power from DC1+ by the DCDC power supply, it is ensured that the startup of the CMS does not depend on whether the supercapacitor (DC2+) has power), and decouples the charging process of the supercapacitor from the charging process of the supercapacitor energy storage management system (separates the process of charging the external supercapacitor from the process of charging the support capacitor inside the supercapacitor energy storage management system in terms of time and circuit. First, charge the main circuit (for the support capacitor), and after the CMS starts, then charge the supercapacitor, completely solving the problem that the charging process cannot be monitored after the supercapacitor voltage is lower than the second voltage threshold. By arranging the DCDC power supply in the high-voltage box (in the same floating potential reference system as the CCU / CMU), the present application avoids the need to additionally add complex, expensive, and large-sized high-voltage isolation power supply modules for powering the CMS floating at a high potential, and can effectively solve the problems in the related technologies.

[0111] The supercapacitor charging device in the static synchronous compensator provided by the present application will be described below. The supercapacitor charging device of the static synchronous compensator described below can be mutually referred to and corresponding to the supercapacitor charging method of the static synchronous compensator described above. Figure 6 It is a structural block diagram of a supercapacitor charging device in a static synchronous compensator shown in an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 6 shown, the supercapacitor charging device 600 of the present application includes: A first control module 601, configured to control the switching power supply to enter an operating state through the first power-taking point when it is determined to charge the supercapacitor; A second control module 602, configured to control the first capacitor management unit to enter an operating state when the switching power supply is in an operating state; A third control module 603, configured to control the supercapacitor to enter a charging state when the first capacitor management unit is in an operating state.

[0112] The supercapacitor charging device 600 provided by the present application further includes: A fourth control module, configured to control the second capacitor management unit to enter an operating state when the switching power supply is in an operating state after controlling the switching power supply to enter the operating state; The third control module 603 includes: A control sub-module, configured to control the supercapacitor to enter a charging state when the first capacitor management unit is in an operating state and the second capacitor management unit is in an operating state.

[0113] The supercapacitor charging device 600 provided by the present application further includes: A fifth control module, configured to control the switching power supply to draw power from the first power-taking point or the second power-taking point through the diode module after controlling the supercapacitor to enter a charging state.

[0114] The supercapacitor charging device 600 provided by the present application further includes: A sixth control module, configured to control the supercapacitor to exit the charging state when the voltage difference between the two ends of the supercapacitor and the voltage difference between the two ends of the DC bus capacitor is within a preset voltage difference range after controlling the supercapacitor to enter the charging state.

[0115] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device shown in an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 7 shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 710, a communication interface 720, a memory 730, and a communication bus 740. Among them, the processor 710, the communication interface 720, and the memory 730 complete mutual communication through the communication bus 740. The processor 710 can call the logic instructions in the memory 730 to execute a supercapacitor charging method of a supercapacitor energy storage management system in a static synchronous condenser, and the method includes: when it is determined to charge the supercapacitor, controlling the switching power supply to enter an operating state through the first power-taking point; when the switching power supply is in an operating state, controlling the first capacitor management unit to enter an operating state; when the first capacitor management unit is in an operating state, controlling the supercapacitor to enter a charging state.

[0116] In addition, when the logical instructions in the above-mentioned memory 730 are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memories (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0117] On the other hand, this application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute an overcharge method of an over-capacity energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator provided by the above-mentioned various methods. The method includes: when it is determined to charge the super capacitor, controlling the switching power supply to enter the operating state through the first power-taking point; when the switching power supply is in the operating state, controlling the first capacitor management unit to enter the operating state; when the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state, controlling the super capacitor to enter the charging state.

[0118] In yet another aspect, this application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it is implemented to execute an overcharge method of an over-capacity energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator provided by the above-mentioned various methods. The method includes: when it is determined to charge the super capacitor, controlling the switching power supply to enter the operating state through the first power-taking point; when the switching power supply is in the operating state, controlling the first capacitor management unit to enter the operating state; when the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state, controlling the super capacitor to enter the charging state.

[0119] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative effort.

[0120] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on such an understanding, the essence of the above technical solution, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A supercapacitor energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator, characterized in that It includes a power unit, a high-voltage box, and a supercapacitor unit that are electrically connected in sequence; The power unit is used to realize the power conversion in the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor in the supercapacitor unit; The high-voltage box is used to realize the electrical connection between the supercapacitor unit and the power unit. A switching power supply is arranged in the high-voltage box. The power-taking points of the switching power supply include a first power-taking point, and the first power-taking point is connected to the positive output terminal of the power unit. During the charging process of the supercapacitor, the switching power supply supplies power to the first capacitor management unit in the supercapacitor unit through the first power-taking point; The supercapacitor unit is used to provide active power support for the static synchronous compensator. The supercapacitor unit includes a supercapacitor and a first capacitor management unit. The supercapacitor is electrically connected to the first capacitor management unit. The first capacitor management unit obtains power from the switching power supply, and the first capacitor management unit is used to monitor the supercapacitor in the charging and operating states; 2. The super-capacity energy storage management system in the static synchronous compensator according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second capacitor management unit is further arranged in the high-voltage box, and the second capacitor management unit is electrically connected to the first capacitor management unit; The second capacitor management unit is used to monitor the supercapacitor in the charging and operating states and the first capacitor management unit in the operating state; 3. The super-capacitor energy storage management system in the static synchronous compensator according to claim 1, characterized in that, A charging circuit of the supercapacitor is further arranged in the high-voltage box. The charging circuit of the supercapacitor is electrically connected to the positive output terminal of the power unit and the positive input terminal of the switching power supply respectively. The charging circuit of the supercapacitor is located after the first power-taking point. The power unit includes a DC bus capacitor; The charging circuit of the supercapacitor is used to charge the supercapacitor when the voltage across the DC bus capacitor is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold and the voltage across the supercapacitor is lower than a second voltage threshold; 4. The super-capacity energy storage management system in the static synchronous compensator according to claim 3, characterized in that The power-taking points of the switching power supply further include a second power-taking point. The second power-taking point is located after the charging circuit of the supercapacitor. A diode module is further arranged in the high-voltage box. The input end of the diode module is electrically connected to the output end of the charging circuit of the supercapacitor. The output end of the diode module is connected to the positive input terminal of the switching power supply. The input end of the diode module is connected to the first power-taking point and the second power-taking point; The diode module is used to control the switching power supply to obtain power from the first power-taking point or from the second power-taking point; 5. The ultra-capacity energy storage management system in the static synchronous compensator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diode module includes a first diode and a second diode. The first diode and the second diode are connected in common cathode. The cathode of the first diode or the second diode is connected to the positive input terminal of the switching power supply. The anode of the first diode is connected to the first power-taking point. The anode of the second diode is connected to the second power-taking point; The first diode is used to supply power to the switching power supply through the first power-taking point; The second diode is used to supply power to the switching power supply through the second power-taking point.

6. A method for over-capacity charging of an over-capacity energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The controller applied to the static synchronous compensator, the controller is electrically connected to the power unit, and the supercapacitor charging method includes: When it is determined to charge the supercapacitor, control the switching power supply to enter the operating state through the first power taking point; When the switching power supply is in the operating state, control the first capacitor management unit to enter the operating state; When the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state, control the supercapacitor to enter the charging state.

7. The supercapacitor charging method according to claim 6, wherein A second capacitor management unit is further provided in the high-voltage box. After controlling the switching power supply to enter the operating state, the method further includes: When the switching power supply is in the operating state, control the second capacitor management unit to enter the operating state; The step of controlling the supercapacitor to enter the charging state when the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state includes: When the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state, if the second capacitor management unit is in the operating state, control the supercapacitor to enter the charging state.

8. The super-capacitor charging method according to claim 6, wherein The power taking point of the switching power supply further includes a second power taking point. A diode module is further provided in the high-voltage box. After controlling the supercapacitor to enter the charging state, the method further includes: Control the switching power supply to take power from the first power taking point or from the second power taking point through the diode module.

9. The supercapacitor charging method according to claim 6, characterized in that The power unit includes a DC bus capacitor. After controlling the supercapacitor to enter the charging state, the method further includes: When the voltage difference between the two ends of the supercapacitor and the voltage difference between the two ends of the DC bus capacitor is within a preset voltage difference range, control the supercapacitor to exit the charging state.

10. An overcharge device for an overcharge method of an overcapacity energy storage management system in a static synchronous compensator according to claim 6, characterized in that, It includes: A first control module, configured to control the switching power supply to enter the operating state through the first power taking point when it is determined to charge the supercapacitor; A second control module, configured to control the first capacitor management unit to enter the operating state when the switching power supply is in the operating state; A third control module, configured to control the supercapacitor to enter the charging state when the first capacitor management unit is in the operating state.

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