Radiopermeable sensor EMI shielding

Abstract

A radiopaque pressure sensing mattress for an operating table includes a radiopaque pressure sensor and a radiopaque electromagnetic interference shielding layer. The radiopaque pressure sensor measures the amount of force applied by the patient's body at certain locations of the radiopaque pressure sensing mattress. The ray-permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer encloses the ray-permeable pressure sensor. The shielding layer protects the sensor from electromagnetic interference from other sources in the operating room. In some embodiments, the shielding layer is made of woven carbon fibers.

Description

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 073,154, filed on December 1, 2022, under 35 U.S.C.§119, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a radiolucent pressure - sensing mattress and a method of assembling the same. Background of the Invention

[0005] The present invention relates to a radiolucent pressure - sensing mattress and a method of assembling the same. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In an embodiment, a radiolucent pressure - sensing mattress for an operating table includes: a radiolucent sensor mat including a radiolucent pressure sensor; a radiolucent ergonomic pad disposed below the radiolucent sensor mat; a radiolucent fire - resistant layer encapsulating the radiolucent pressure sensor and the radiolucent ergonomic pad; a radiolucent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding layer encapsulating the radiolucent fire - resistant layer, the radiolucent EMI shielding layer including woven carbon fiber; a shielding layer ground wire attached to the radiolucent EMI shielding layer; a wire harness configured to connect the radiolucent sensor mat to a computer, the wire harness including a connection to the shielding layer ground wire and including a main ground wire configured to be connected to a ground electrode of a hospital; and a radiolucent outer layer encapsulating the radiolucent EMI shielding layer.

[0008] In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensors are configured in a row and column array, the row and column array being configured to be excited and measured via electronics integrated into the sensor mat. In an embodiment, the row and column array includes a sensor grid spaced at approximately one - inch intervals.

[0009] In an embodiment, the radiolucent sensor mat further includes a first sheet having a plurality of first conductive paths, a sensing material layer positioned in contact with the first conductive paths, a second sheet positioned in contact with the sensing material layer, and a controller configured to detect changes in a measurement of an electrical characteristic measured by the sensing material layer.

[0010] In an embodiment, the radiolucent outer layer includes a first outer layer disposed along a top side and four lateral sides of the radiolucent EMI shielding layer, and a second outer layer disposed along a bottom side of the EMI shielding layer.

[0011] In an embodiment, the second outer layer includes a weldable urethane laminated 210 denier nylon, and the second outer layer is bonded to the first outer layer. In an embodiment, the radiolucent ergonomic pad includes three layers of viscoelastic foam. In an embodiment, the radiolucent fireproof layer further includes a polyester rib fabric.

[0012] In an embodiment, the radiolucent electromagnetic interference layer is configured to protect the radiolucent sensor pad from electromagnetic interference emitted from an electrocautery device.

[0013] In an embodiment, the woven carbon fiber further includes: a dry fabric weight of about 5 oz / yd 2 to 7 oz / yd 2 ; a warp count of about 11 to 13 per inch; a fabric thickness of about 8 mils to 20 mils; a fill count of about 11 to 13 per inch; and about 2,500 to 3,500 carbon filaments.

[0014] Certain embodiments include a method of detecting pressure exerted by a patient's body on a hospital bed during surgery, where an electrocautery device is used near the hospital bed, the method including: providing a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress including: a radiolucent sensor pad including a radiolucent pressure sensor; a radiolucent ergonomic pad below the radiolucent sensor pad; a radiolucent fireproof layer encapsulating the radiolucent pressure sensor and the radiolucent ergonomic pad; a radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer encapsulating the radiolucent fireproof layer, the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer including woven carbon fiber; a shielding layer ground wire attached to the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer; a wire harness configured to connect the radiolucent sensor pad to a computer, the wire harness including a connection to the shielding layer ground wire, the wire harness including a main ground wire configured to connect to a ground electrode of the hospital; and a radiolucent outer layer encapsulating the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

[0015] In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensor further includes a row and column array configured to be excited and measured by electronics integrated into the sensor pad.

[0016] In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensor is configured to include an orientation of a sensor grid spaced apart at approximately one-inch intervals.

[0017] In an embodiment, the radiolucent outer layer includes a first outer layer disposed along the top side and four lateral sides of the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer, and a second outer layer disposed along the bottom side of the electromagnetic interference shielding layer. In an embodiment, the radiolucent ergonomic pad includes three layers of viscoelastic foam. In an embodiment, the radiolucent fireproof layer further includes a polyester rib fabric.

[0018] In an embodiment, the woven carbon fiber further includes: a dry fabric weight of about 5 oz / yd 2 to 7 oz / yd 2 ; a warp count of about 11 to 13 per inch; a fabric thickness of about 8 mils to 20 mils; a filling count of about 11 to 13 per inch; and about 2500 to 3500 carbon filaments.

[0019] In an embodiment, a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress for an operating table includes: a radiolucent sensor pad that includes a radiolucent pressure sensor; a radiolucent ergonomic pad that is below the radiolucent sensor pad; a radiolucent fireproof layer that encapsulates the radiolucent pressure sensor and the radiolucent ergonomic pad; a radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer that encapsulates the radiolucent fireproof layer; a shielding layer ground wire that is attached to the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer; a wire harness that is configured to connect the radiolucent sensor pad to a computer, the wire harness including a connection to the shielding layer ground wire, the wire harness including a main ground wire that is configured to connect to a ground electrode of a hospital; and a radiolucent outer layer that encapsulates the radiolucent electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

[0020] In an embodiment, the electromagnetic interference shielding layer includes a material selected from the group consisting of woven carbon fiber, silver-inlaid fabric, and conductive plastic. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress.

[0023] Figure 2 is an exploded view of an embodiment of a radiolucent sensor pad.

[0024] Figure 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electronic device integrated into a radiolucent sensor pad.

[0025] Figure 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a radiolucent sensor integrated into an operating table and configured to transmit measurements detected by the radiolucent sensor to a computer.

[0026] Figure 5It is a cross-sectional view of a ground wire integrated into a radiation-permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

[0027] Detailed description

[0028] In the following detailed description of the embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present invention, and in which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the present invention may be practiced. The specific details disclosed herein are non-limiting embodiments in each case, which represent specific ways in which the concepts of the present invention may be practiced. This is used to teach those skilled in the art to use the present invention in almost any suitable detailed system, structure, or manner consistent with these concepts. It can be seen that various changes and substitutions can be made to the specifically described embodiments and the details of those embodiments within the scope of the present invention. Since many variations and different embodiments can be made within the scope of the inventive concept described herein and within the specifically described embodiments herein without departing from the scope of the present invention, it should be understood that the details herein are to be construed as illustrative and not restrictive.

[0029] Various directions such as "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "rear", "front", "vertical", "upright", "horizontal", "length", and "width" used in the detailed description of the embodiments are only for easier explanation in combination with the accompanying drawings to express the concepts of the present invention. The elements in the embodiments can be oriented differently while performing the same functions and achieving the same results as those obtained by using the embodiments detailed herein. And such terms should not be construed as limiting the concepts illustrated by the embodiments.

[0030] As used herein, when used in the claims and / or the specification in conjunction with the term "comprising" (or the synonymous "having" or "including"), the use of the word "a" or "an" can mean "one", but it is also consistent with the meanings of "one or more", "at least one", and "one or more than one". Additionally, as used herein, the phrase "connected to" means directly or through an intermediate component coupled to or in communication with it.

[0031] Radiation-permeable pressure-sensing mattress

[0032] Embodiments of the present invention include a radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300. The radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 provides support for a patient's body during a surgical procedure. Before placing the patient on the operating table 80, the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 is placed on the operating table 80. The radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 includes pressure sensors 22. These pressure sensors 22 measure the amount of force exerted by the patient's body at certain locations on the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300. These measurements can assist medical professionals in preventing injuries, improving recovery, and providing other additional benefits.

[0033] As used herein, the term "radiolucent" means that an object is penetrable by one or another form of radiation, particularly X-rays. In addition to X-rays, a radiolucent object may also be penetrable by other medical imaging radiations, including CT scans and PET scans. A radiolucent object does not block the radiation but allows it to pass through. Sufficient radiation is allowed to pass through the radiolucent object so as not to interfere with imaging. In certain embodiments, the radiolucent object does not allow all radiation to pass through. The opposite of radiolucent is radiopaque. Thus, in certain embodiments, a radiolucent material is not radiopaque. X-ray radiation is used to observe the internal structures of a patient's body. Radiolucency is beneficial to allow radiation (such as X-ray radiation) used during a medical procedure to pass through the object and not obscure the patient's X-ray image. If certain objects are not radiolucent, certain regions or angles of the patient's body may be invisible or obscured in the X-ray image because they are blocked or otherwise obscured by a radiopaque or non-radiolucent material.

[0034] When a radiolucent object is more radiouniform, the radiopacity of the object can be greater. Radiouniformity is the consistency of the radiolucency of the various parts of a radiolucent object. In certain embodiments, the mattress 300 and all its components should not interfere with the clinician's ability to read the diagnosis of an image taken with the mattress 300 in the imaging field. If there is some interference in the image due to the mattress 300, the interference should be substantially uniform such that the change in image intensity can be attributed to the object being imaged rather than a change in the radiouniformity of the mattress 300 and all its components. In an embodiment, the radiolucent object does not contain metal. In an embodiment, the radiation attenuation is minimal. In other embodiments, the radiation attenuation is minimal compared to embodiments without the shielding layer 40. Radiation attenuation is a measure of the loss of intensity of radiation through a medium. Minimizing radiation attenuation results in the maximum amount of radiation passing through the radiolucent object being retained.

[0035] According to the present invention, an embodiment of a pressure sensing mattress 300 including a radiation permeable and electromagnetic shielding element 40 allows a pressure sensor 22 incorporated into the mattress to function during a medical procedure without being interfered with by electromagnetic interference and also be radiation permeable.

[0036] In an embodiment, the radiation permeable pressure sensing mattress 300 includes at least one or more of the following: a radiation permeable sensor pad 20, a radiation permeable ergonomic pad 10, a radiation permeable fireproof layer 30, a radiation permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40, a wire harness 100, and radiation permeable outer layers 50, 60.

[0037] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a method of detecting pressure exerted by a patient's body on a hospital bed during a medical procedure, where an electrosurgery device is used near the hospital bed. The method includes the step of providing a radiation permeable pressure sensing mattress 300, embodiments of which are described herein. Certain embodiments include: connecting the wire harness 100 to the radiation permeable sensor pad 20 and a computer 25 in an operating room, placing the radiation permeable pressure sensing mattress 300 on an operating table 80, connecting a main ground wire 39 to the hospital's ground circuit, and operating the electrosurgery device.

[0038] Radiation permeable sensor pad

[0039] As Figure 1 Overall depicted in, in certain embodiments, the radiation permeable pressure sensing mattress 300 includes a radiation permeable sensor pad 20. The radiation permeable sensor pad 20 may include a radiation permeable pressure sensor 22 incorporated into the radiation permeable sensor pad 20. The radiation permeable sensor pad 20 may further include a flexible material. The radiation permeable sensor pad 20 may further include a non-stretchable material. The radiation permeable sensor pad 20 can provide a pressure distribution map. The radiation permeable sensor pad 20 has the additional benefit of not interfering with the comfort provided to the patient by the ergonomic pad 10.

[0040] In some embodiments, the radiolucent sensor pad 20 includes a radiolucent pressure sensor 22. In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 serves both as a pressure sensor and is radiolucent so as not to interfere with medical imaging. The radiolucent pressure sensor 22 is configured to measure the pressure applied on the sensor by the patient's body. The radiolucent pressure sensor 22 is configured in any configuration suitable for detecting the pressure applied at a relevant location of the patient's body. The radiolucent pressure sensor 22 measures the pressure detected at at least one relevant location. In some embodiments, the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 is connected to a computer 25. The computer 25 receives the measured pressure value from the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 and generates a map of the pressure values. This map can be used to guide any necessary adjustment to the patient's body. In additional embodiments, this map can be used to avoid potential damage that may result from certain parts of the patient's body receiving more than a threshold amount of pressure and / or receiving pressure for more than a threshold time, which may lead to tissue and / or nerve damage to the patient. In additional embodiments, the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 is configured to measure and map the distribution of the patient's weight, which can assist in adjusting the patient's body on the operating table, identifying potential locations at risk of injury, and planning potential treatment procedures.

[0041] In Figure 2 the illustrated embodiment, the radiolucent sensor pad 20 includes the pad 20 described in U.S. Patent No. 8,997,588 (“Taylor”), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In one embodiment, the sensor pad 20 may include a first sheet 21 having a plurality of first conductive paths 23, a sensing material layer 25 positioned to contact the first conductive paths 23, a second sheet 27 positioned to contact the sensing material layer 25, and a controller 29 adapted to detect a change in the measurement of the electrical characteristics measured by the sensing material layer 25. In some embodiments, the sensor pad 20 may include a first sheet 21 having a plurality of first conductive paths 23, a first sensing material layer 25 positioned to contact the first conductive paths 23, a second sheet 27 having a plurality of second conductive paths 31, a second sensing material layer 33, and a third sheet 35 having a plurality of third conductive paths 37.

[0042] In as Figure 4 the illustrated embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 includes a row and column array, which is configured to be excited and measured via electronics 24 integrated into the sensor pad 20. The row and column array may include sensors 22 configured in a grid pattern. The electronics 24 integrated into the sensor pad 20 may be configured to measure the signals detected by the sensors 22.

[0043] In some embodiments, the electronics 24 incorporated into the sensor pad 20 may also include a cable 43 that exits the ergonomic pad 10. The cable 43 conveys information from the sensor 22 to a computer 25 or some other controller 29 or device. The cable 43 may include a USB cable, an Ethernet cable, or other cables. The cable 43 may also include a shielded cable that includes a ground shield 38. A shielded cable is an electrical cable that has a common conductive layer around its conductors for electromagnetic shielding. In some embodiments, such a shield includes the outermost layer of the cable. Common types of cable shields can be most broadly classified as foil types, including metallized films, counter-helical strands (braided or unbraided), braided strands such as copper (or other metals such as aluminum), non-braided helical windings of copper tape, conductive polymer layers, and combinations of any of the foregoing. In some embodiments, the shield acts as a Faraday cage or a surface that reflects electromagnetic radiation. This reduces both the interference of external noise on the signals in the cable and the signals radiated out from the cable that may interfere with other devices. To effectively counteract the electric field, the shield must be grounded. The shield should be electrically continuous to maximize efficiency.

[0044] In an embodiment, the radiolucent sensor pad 20 also includes an active portion and a passive portion, where the active portion includes electronic components such as connectors, wiring, transmitters, and any other components that are not sensors. The electronic components can be folded up so as not to impede the patient's body. The passive portion of the radiolucent sensor pad includes the radiolucent pressure sensor 22. The radiolucent pressure sensor 22 can be placed on the top side 14 of the ergonomic pad 10, and the electronic components can be disposed on the lateral sides of the ergonomic pad 10 where they do not contact the patient's body. In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 can be placed only on the top side 14 of the ergonomic pad 10, and the electronic components are located on a portion of the sensor pad 20 that is folded over and lies on the lateral sides of the ergonomic pad 10 where they do not contact the patient's body. In an embodiment, the radiolucent sensor pad 20 is incorporated into the ergonomic pad 10.

[0045] In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 includes a pressure sensor configured with a grid of readings spaced at intervals selected to balance cost and the image resolution of the resulting pressure map. In an embodiment, the radiolucent pressure sensor 22 includes a pressure sensor configured with a grid of readings spaced at an approximate center-to-center distance of one inch. In other words, one inch from center intersection to center intersection, where the sensors are arranged in rows and columns.

[0046] Radiolucent ergonomic pad

[0047] In some embodiments, the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 includes a radiolucent ergonomic pad 10. In some embodiments, the radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 is positioned between the operating table 80 and the patient's body. In other embodiments, the radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 is positioned between the operating table 80 and the sensor pad 20. The radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 can provide additional cushioning and support for the patient's body. The radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 can include foam, memory foam including low-resistance polyurethane foam, or other materials that provide cushioning and / or support.

[0048] The radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 can have a thickness 12 sufficient to provide support for the patient's body. The ergonomic pad 10 can provide comfort during surgery and prevent injury to the patient's body. In some embodiments, the ergonomic pad 10 is disposed beneath the radiolucent sensor pad 20. In these embodiments, at least a portion of the top side 14 of the ergonomic pad 10 contacts at least a portion of the bottom side 41 of the radiolucent sensor pad 20. In embodiments, the radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 includes at least one layer of material. In embodiments, the radiolucent ergonomic pad 10 includes at least one layer of viscoelastic foam 26.

[0049] In some embodiments, the radiolucent ergonomic pad 20 includes three layers of viscoelastic foam 26, 27, 28. The first layer of viscoelastic foam 26 includes a first thickness 12a, the second layer of viscoelastic foam 27 includes a second thickness 12b, and the third layer of viscoelastic foam 28 includes a third thickness 12c. The three layers of viscoelastic foam 26, 27, 28 can include an adhesive to connect the first layer 26 to the second layer 27 and to connect the second layer 27 to the third layer 28. The first layer 26 is the most compliant, while the bottom layer 28 is the stiffest and least compliant to improve support for patients of various weights.

[0050] Radiolucent fireproof layer

[0051] In some embodiments, the radiolucent pressure sensing mattress 300 includes a radiolucent fireproof layer 30. In some embodiments, not all of the mattress materials are flame retardant, and thus, the fireproof layer 30 helps slow the spread of fire to the mattress 300. The fireproof layer 30 can include a layer of material treated with chemicals or other natural or synthetic materials that are used to ensure that the mattress meets flammability standards. Such chemicals can include polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). In some embodiments, the radiolucent fireproof layer 30 encapsulates the radiolucent sensor pad 20 and the ergonomic pad 10. In some embodiments, the radiolucent fireproof layer 30 includes a polyester rib fabric. In other embodiments, the radiolucent fireproof layer 30 encapsulates any other layer described herein, including the sensor pad 20, the ergonomic pad 10, and the electromagnetic shielding layer 40.

[0052] As used herein, the term "envelope" means a layer that surrounds another layer or layers as described herein. In some embodiments, the enveloping layer provides packaging. The packaging is a unitary layer around all sides of the other layers it envelopes. In other embodiments, the enveloping layer comprises at least one sheet. In some embodiments, envelope means a layer that surrounds another layer or layers on all sides, with or without integrity. In other embodiments, the enveloping layer is disposed above and below one or more other layers. Such a layer may include an outer side 42 and an inner side 44. The inner side 44 contacts the top side 34 and the bottom side 36 of another layer or layers. In an embodiment, one or more layers enveloped by another layer are inserted into the enveloping layer through at least one open side. After one or more layers are placed within the enveloping layer, at least one open side of the enveloping layer may be sealed. At least one open side may be sealed by forming a seam, including by folding, sewing, zippers, hook-and-loop, ultrasonic welding, heat sealing, adhesives, stitching, snaps, buttons, or other means. In other embodiments, after placing other layers within the enveloping layer, at least one open side of the enveloping layer is not sealed. In some embodiments, at least one open side of the enveloping layer is folded.

[0053] In some embodiments, the radiation-transparent fireproof layer 30 envelopes the radiation-transparent ergonomic pad 10 and the radiation-transparent sensor pad 20. In other embodiments, the radiation-transparent fireproof layer 30 is disposed above and below the radiation-transparent ergonomic pad 10 and the radiation-transparent sensor pad 20. In some embodiments, the radiation-transparent fireproof layer 30 has an outer side 42 and an inner side 44. The inner side 44 contacts the top side 34 of the radiation-transparent sensor pad 20 and the bottom side 36 of the ergonomic pad 10. In other embodiments, after placing the radiation-transparent ergonomic pad 10 and the radiation-transparent sensor pad 20 within the radiation-transparent fireproof layer 30, at least one open side of the radiation-transparent fireproof layer 30 is not sealed.

[0054] Radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding layer

[0055] In some embodiments, the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 envelopes the radiation-transparent fireproof layer 30. In an embodiment, the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 is configured to protect the electrical components of the mattress from electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI can be caused by an electromagnetic field generated by electrical devices (such as those used in surgery). The shielding reduces and / or blocks such interference. EMI shielding blocks or reduces the electromagnetic field (EMF) in space through a barrier made of a conductive material or a magnetic material. In some embodiments, the EMI shielding isolates the electrical device from its surrounding environment. The EMI shielding can minimize electromagnetic interference. A conductive enclosure used to block an electrostatic field can be referred to as a Faraday cage.

[0056] In an embodiment, the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 includes carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is a fiber mainly composed of carbon atoms. Carbon fiber is produced by bonding carbon atoms together to form crystals arranged mainly along one axis. These crystals form individual fibers. These individual fibers can be twisted together into tows.

[0057] In an embodiment, the resulting carbon fiber tows can be arranged into a fabric composite, where the individual fibers are unidirectional or woven. The woven composite of carbon fiber tows can be a plain weave, a harness satin weave, or a twill weave. In certain embodiments, the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 includes woven carbon fiber. In an embodiment, the woven carbon fiber of the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 includes a 2×2 twill woven carbon fiber fabric.

[0058] In one embodiment, the carbon fiber weave pattern is 2×2 twill, and the dry fabric weight including carbon fiber is 5.80 oz / yd 2 , the warp count of the carbon fiber is 12 / inch, the filling count of the carbon fiber is 12 / inch, the fabric thickness of the carbon fiber is 9.1 mils, and the carbon fiber includes 3,000 carbon filaments.

[0059] In another embodiment, the carbon fiber weave pattern is 2×2 twill, and the dry fabric weight including carbon fiber is 6.5 oz / yd 2 , the warp count of the carbon fiber is 12 / inch, the filling count of the carbon fiber is 12 / inch, the fabric thickness of the carbon fiber is 18.1 mils, and the carbon fiber includes 3,000 carbon filaments.

[0060] In an embodiment, the dry fabric weight of the carbon fiber is 5.80 oz / yd 2 to 6.5 oz / yd 2 In other embodiments, the dry fabric weight of the carbon fiber is 5 oz / yd 2 to 7 oz / yd 2 , and in still other embodiments, the dry fabric weight of the carbon fiber is 4 oz / yd 2 to 8 oz / yd 2 , and in other embodiments is 2 oz / yd 2 to 10 oz / yd 2 .

[0061] In an embodiment, the warp count of the carbon fiber is about 12 / inch. In other embodiments, the warp count of the carbon fiber is about 11 / inch to 13 / inch, and in other embodiments is 10 / inch to 14 / inch.

[0062] In an embodiment, the fill count of the carbon fiber is about 12 / inch. In other embodiments, the fill count of the carbon fiber is from about 11 / inch to 13 / inch, and in other embodiments is from 10 / inch to 14 / inch.

[0063] In an embodiment, the fabric thickness of the carbon fiber is from 9.1 mils to 18.1 mils. In other embodiments, the fabric thickness of the carbon fiber is from 8 mils to 20 mils, and in other embodiments, the fabric thickness of the carbon fiber is from 6 mils to 22 mils, from 5 mils to 25 mils, or from 2 mils to 30 mils.

[0064] In an embodiment, the carbon fiber includes about 3000 carbon filaments. In other embodiments, the carbon fiber includes from about 2800 to 3200 carbon filaments. In additional embodiments, the carbon fiber includes from about 2500 to 3500, or from 2000 to 4000 carbon filaments.

[0065] In other embodiments, the EMI shielding layer includes metal sheets (including copper, brass, nickel, silver, steel, and tin), metal screens, braided metal fibers, metal foams, coated metal inks, or similar materials.

[0066] In an embodiment, the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 includes a ground wire 48 attached to the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40. In some embodiments, the ground wire 48 can be crimped to the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40. In other embodiments, the ground wire 48 can be welded or stitched to the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40. In an embodiment, the ground wire 48 includes a conductive material and an insulating material. In an embodiment, the conductive material includes copper. In an embodiment, the ground wire can be attached to the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 at one or more attachment locations. In an embodiment, the harness 100 includes a connection to the ground wire 48, and the harness 100 includes a main ground wire 39 configured to be connected to a ground electrode of a hospital. In certain embodiments, the harness 100 is routed through openings in the fireproof layer 30, the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40, and the outer layers 50, 60.

[0067] In an embodiment, the harness 100 includes a connection to the radiation-transparent sensor pad 20 at a first end and a connection to the sensor control board 25 at a second end. In an embodiment, the sensor control board 25 is configured to receive data from the radiation-transparent pressure sensor 22. In an embodiment, the sensor control board 25 includes a further connection to a ground location 200. In an embodiment, the harness 100 forms a connection between the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 and the radiation-transparent sensor pad 20 and a connection between the radiation-transparent electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40 and the sensor control board 25.

[0068] In an embodiment, the radiation-permeable electromagnetic interference layer 40 is configured to protect the radiation-permeable sensor pad 20 from electromagnetic interference emitted from an electrosurgery device.

[0069] Wiring harness

[0070] In an embodiment, the wiring harness 100 is configured to connect the radiation-permeable sensor pad 20 to a computer 25, a controller 29, or other devices in an operating room. In an embodiment, the wiring harness 100 includes connections to the electromagnetic shielding layer ground wire 39 and the sensor pad 20. In an embodiment, the wiring harness includes a main ground wire 39 that is configured to connect to a hospital ground electrode, where EMI collected by the EMI shielding layer can be grounded. In an embodiment, the ground wire 39 is a ductile conductive material. In an embodiment, the ground wire 39 is copper. In an embodiment, the computer 25, the controller 29, or other devices are connected to the hospital ground electrode. In certain embodiments where the wiring harness is connected to the hospital ground electrode via the main ground wire 39, the pressure sensor 22 wirelessly communicates with the computer 25 or some other controller 29 or device, and there is no wired connection to the computer.

[0071] Radiation-permeable outer layer

[0072] In certain embodiments, the radiation-permeable pressure sensing mattress 300 includes radiation-permeable outer layers 50, 60. The radiation-permeable outer layers encapsulate the radiation-permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer. The radiation-permeable outer layers provide biocompatibility with the patient, support, protection against fluid ingress, and the ability to be removed and cleaned without the need to clean the remaining components of the mattress 300.

[0073] In an embodiment, the radiation-permeable outer layers 50, 60 include a first outer layer 50 disposed along the top side 46 and four lateral sides 47 of the radiation-permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40, and a second outer layer 60 disposed along the bottom side 49 of the electromagnetic interference shielding layer 40.

[0074] In an embodiment, the first outer layer 50 includes a polyurethane coated polyester knit.

[0075] In an embodiment, the second outer layer 60 includes a weldable urethane laminated 210 denier nylon. In an embodiment, the second outer layer 60 includes a connection to the first outer layer 50. In an embodiment, the connection between the first outer layer 50 and the second outer layer 60 includes a bonded connection. The bonded connection can be formed by forming a seam, including by folding, sewing, zipping, hook and loop, ultrasonic welding, heat sealing, adhesives, stitching, snap fasteners, buttons, or other means.

Claims

1. A radiation - permeable pressure - sensing mattress for an operating table, comprising: A radiation - permeable sensor pad, said radiation - permeable sensor pad including a radiation - permeable pressure sensor; A radiation - permeable ergonomic pad, said radiation - permeable ergonomic pad being below said radiation - permeable sensor pad; A radiation - permeable fire - resistant layer, said radiation - permeable fire - resistant layer encapsulating said radiation - permeable pressure sensor and said radiation - permeable ergonomic pad; A radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer, said radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer encapsulating said radiation - permeable fire - resistant layer, said radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer including woven carbon fiber; A shielding layer ground wire, said shielding layer ground wire being attached to said radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer; A wire harness, said wire harness being configured to connect said radiation - permeable sensor pad to a computer, said wire harness including a connection to said shielding layer ground wire, said wire harness including a main ground wire configured to be connected to a ground electrode of a hospital; And A radiation - permeable outer layer, said radiation - permeable outer layer encapsulating said radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

2. The pressure - sensing mattress according to claim 1, wherein said radiation - permeable pressure sensor is configured as a row and column array, and said row and column array is configured to be excited and measured via electronics integrated into said sensor pad.

3. The pressure - sensing mattress according to claim 2, wherein said row and column array includes a sensor grid spaced at intervals of approximately one inch.

4. The pressure - sensing mattress according to claim 2, wherein said radiation - permeable sensor pad further includes: A first sheet having a plurality of first conductive paths, a sensing material layer positioned in contact with said first conductive paths, a second sheet positioned in contact with said sensing material layer, and a controller configured to detect changes in measurement results of electrical characteristics measured by said sensing material layer.

5. The pressure sensing mattress according to claim 1, wherein, Said radiation - permeable outer layer includes a first outer layer provided along the top side and four lateral sides of said radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer, and a second outer layer provided along the bottom side of said electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

6. The pressure - sensing mattress according to claim 5, wherein said first outer layer includes a polyurethane - coated polyester knitted fabric.

7. The pressure sensing mattress according to claim 5, wherein the second outer layer comprises a 210 denier urethane laminated nylon that can be welded, and wherein, Said second outer layer is bonded to said first outer layer.

8. The pressure - sensing mattress according to claim 1, wherein said radiation - permeable ergonomic pad includes three layers of viscoelastic foam.

9. The pressure - sensing mattress according to claim 1, wherein said radiation - permeable fire - resistant layer further includes a polyester ribbed fabric.

10. The pressure - sensing mattress according to claim 1, wherein said radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference layer is configured to protect said radiation - permeable sensor pad from electromagnetic interference emitted from an electrocautery device.

11. The pressure - sensing mattress according to claim 1, wherein said woven carbon fiber further includes: A 2×2 twill weave; Approximately 5 oz / yd 2 to 7 oz / yd 2 of dry fabric weight; A warp count of approximately 11 to 13 per inch; A fabric thickness of approximately 8 mils to 20 mils; A filling count of approximately 11 to 13 per inch; and Approximately 2500 to 3500 carbon filaments.

12. A method for detecting the pressure exerted by a patient's body on a hospital bed during surgery, wherein, An electrocautery device is used near said hospital bed, the method including: Provided is a radiation - permeable pressure - sensing mattress, and the radiation - permeable pressure - sensing mattress includes: A radiation - permeable sensor pad, and the radiation - permeable sensor pad includes a radiation - permeable pressure sensor; A radiation - permeable ergonomic pad, and the radiation - permeable ergonomic pad is below the radiation - permeable sensor pad; A radiation - permeable fire - resistant layer, and the radiation - permeable fire - resistant layer encapsulates the radiation - permeable pressure sensor and the radiation - permeable ergonomic pad; A radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer, and the radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer encapsulates the radiation - permeable fire - resistant layer, and the radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer includes woven carbon fiber; A shielding layer ground wire, and the shielding layer ground wire is attached to the radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer; A wire harness, and the wire harness is configured to connect the radiation - permeable sensor pad to a computer, the wire harness includes a connection to the shielding layer ground wire, and the wire harness includes a main ground wire configured to be connected to a ground electrode of a hospital; and A radiation - permeable outer layer, and the radiation - permeable outer layer encapsulates the radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer; Place the radiation - permeable pressure - sensing mattress on an operating table; Connect the wire harness to a computer; Connect the main ground wire to a hospital's ground circuit; and Operate an electrocautery device.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the radiation - permeable pressure sensor further includes a row and column array, and the row and column array is configured to be excited and measured by electronic devices integrated into the sensor pad.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the radiation - permeable pressure sensor is configured to include an orientation of a sensor grid spaced at intervals of approximately one inch.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The radiation - permeable outer layer includes a first outer layer provided along the top side and four lateral sides of the radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer, and a second outer layer provided along the bottom side of the electromagnetic interference shielding layer.

16. The method according to claim 12, wherein the radiation - permeable ergonomic pad includes three layers of viscoelastic foam.

17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the radiation - permeable fire - resistant layer further includes a polyester rib fabric.

18. The pressure - sensing mattress according to claim 12, wherein the woven carbon fiber further includes: A 2×2 twill weave; Approximately 5 oz / yd 2 to 7 oz / yd 2 dry fabric weight; A warp count of about 11 to 13 per inch; A fabric thickness of about 8 mils to 20 mils; A filling count of about 11 to 13 per inch; and About 2500 to 3500 carbon filaments.

19. A radiation - permeable pressure - sensing mattress for an operating table, comprising: A radiation - permeable sensor pad, and the radiation - permeable sensor pad includes a radiation - permeable pressure sensor; A radiation - permeable ergonomic pad, and the radiation - permeable ergonomic pad is below the radiation - permeable sensor pad; A radiation - permeable fire - resistant layer, and the radiation - permeable fire - resistant layer encapsulates the radiation - permeable pressure sensor and the radiation - permeable ergonomic pad; A radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer, and the radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer encapsulates the radiation - permeable fire - resistant layer; A shielding layer ground wire, and the shielding layer ground wire is attached to the radiation - permeable electromagnetic interference shielding layer; A wire harness configured to connect the radiation-permeable sensor pad to a computer, the wire harness including a connection to a shield layer ground wire, the wire harness including a main ground wire configured to connect to a ground electrode of a hospital; and A radiation-permeable outer layer encapsulating the radiation-permeable electromagnetic interference shield layer.

20. The pressure sensing mattress according to claim 19, wherein the electromagnetic interference shield layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of woven carbon fiber, silver-inlaid fabric, and conductive plastic.

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