Seedling depth adjusting method for planting machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting machine seedling depth adjusting method which comprises the following steps: S1, before planting operation, inputting a target planting depth value to a control system through a planting machine operation panel according to seedling varieties, soil texture and agricultural requirements, and inputting basic parameters such as soil types and expected humidity ranges at the same time; the system generates an initial adjustment scheme accordingly; s2, using a depth sensor installed on a planting part of the planting machine to monitor the soil penetration depth of the planting part in real time, and obtaining depth data at the frequency of not less than three times per second; s3, the control system compares the depth data acquired in real time with the target planting depth, and calculates a depth deviation value; according to the seedling depth adjusting method of the planting machine, the seedling planting depth can be accurately and automatically adjusted according to factors such as seedling varieties and soil conditions, the planting quality and efficiency are improved, and good growth of seedlings is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of planting machines, and specifically to a method for adjusting the depth of seedlings of a planting machine. Background Art

[0002] In modern agricultural production, the use of planting machines has greatly improved the efficiency of seedling planting. However, different varieties of seedlings have specific requirements for the planting depth, and the soil conditions are complex and variable. For example, differences in soil hardness and humidity will affect the planting depth and survival rate of seedlings.

[0003] Traditional planting machines mostly rely on manual experience to manually adjust the planting depth of seedlings. The adjustment accuracy is low, and it is difficult to adapt to complex working environments, resulting in uneven growth of seedlings and affecting the overall yield and quality of crops. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects, and provide a method for adjusting the depth of seedlings of a planting machine, which can accurately and automatically adjust the planting depth of seedlings according to factors such as seedling varieties and soil conditions, improve the planting quality and efficiency, and ensure the good growth of seedlings, and can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for adjusting the depth of seedlings of a planting machine, including the following steps:

[0006] S1: Before the planting operation, according to the seedling variety, soil texture and agronomic requirements, input the target planting depth value into the control system through the operation panel of the planting machine, and at the same time input basic parameters such as soil type and expected humidity range. The system generates an initial adjustment plan based on this.

[0007] S2: Use the depth sensor installed on the planting component of the planting machine to continuously monitor the depth of the planting component entering the soil, and obtain depth data at a frequency of not less than three times per second.

[0008] S3: The control system compares the continuously collected depth data with the target planting depth, and calculates the depth deviation value.

[0009] S4: If the depth deviation exceeds the preset error range of ±10 mm, the control system issues an instruction to the adjustment actuator according to the analysis result.

[0010] When the deviation is positive, the instruction motor drives the lead screw mechanism to lift the planting component;

[0011] When the deviation is negative, the instruction motor reverses to lower the planting component, and the adjustment speed is adaptively adjusted according to the size of the deviation. The greater the deviation, the faster the adjustment speed.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, soil humidity and hardness information are collected regularly through a soil humidity sensor and a hardness sensor. The collection period is set to 5-10 s, and these data are synchronously transmitted to the control system.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S3, based on the soil humidity and hardness data, by using a pre-set soil condition and planting resistance model, the influence trend of the current soil condition on the planting depth is analyzed to determine whether adjustment is needed and the adjustment direction.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S4, during the adjustment process, a depth sensor continuously feeds back the real-time depth of the planting component to the control system. The control system judges the adjustment effect in real time. If the depth after adjustment still does not reach the target range, the steps of data comparison and analysis and adjustment execution are repeated until the planting depth of the seedling is stabilized within the preset error range, completing one planting depth adjustment process.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the soil condition and planting resistance model is constructed by conducting no less than 50 groups of planting tests under different soil types, humidity, and hardness conditions, collecting data and using a multiple linear regression algorithm. The model accuracy error is controlled within ±8%.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the operation panel of the planter has a data storage function, which can automatically record the target depth, actual adjustment process data, and corresponding soil parameters of each planting operation. The storage period is no less than six months, facilitating subsequent traceability and data analysis.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the motor in the adjustment execution mechanism is a servo motor, which has precise rotational speed control and position feedback functions, ensuring that the displacement accuracy of each adjustment of the planting component is controlled within ±2 mm, improving the accuracy of depth adjustment.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S4, when the planting depth of the seedling still does not fall within the preset error range after three consecutive adjustments, the control system automatically issues an alarm, prompting the operator to check whether there are faults in the mechanical components of the planter or re-evaluate the rationality of the soil condition and target depth setting.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Through real-time data collection, precise model analysis, and a precise adjustment actuator driven by a servo motor, the precision of the rice seedling planting depth can be controlled within ±10 mm. Compared with traditional manual adjustment, the planting precision is greatly improved, ensuring the growth consistency of rice seedlings; (2) By using a variety of sensors to collect soil humidity and hardness data, combined with the built-in soil condition and planting resistance model, it can automatically adapt to different soil types and condition changes, achieve precise depth adjustment, and improve the survival rate of rice seedlings in complex soil environments; (3) The automated depth adjustment process reduces manual intervention. The adjustment speed is adaptively adjusted according to the deviation, and it has a dynamic feedback and rapid fine-tuning mechanism, significantly improving the efficiency of the planting operation and reducing the labor intensity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0021] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] Embodiment 1: Taking the planting of rice seedlings in a clay area as an example:

[0023] Before the operation, the operator inputs the target planting depth of 38 mm through the operation panel of the planter according to the requirements of the rice variety for the planting depth, and at the same time enters the soil type as clay and the expected humidity range as 60% - 70%;

[0024] After the planter is started, the depth sensor collects the data of the depth of the planting component entering the soil at a frequency of three times per second, and the soil humidity sensor and hardness sensor collect the soil humidity and hardness information at cycles of 5 s and 10 s respectively, and transmit them to the control system. In the initial stage, the control system obtains the current depth of 32 mm, the depth deviation of -6 mm, the soil humidity of 63%, and the hardness is within the normal range of clay;

[0025] The control system calls the soil condition and planting resistance model to analyze the data and determines that it is necessary to lower the planting component to reach the target depth.

[0026] Since the absolute value of the deviation is 6 mm, the control system commands the servo motor to drive the lead screw mechanism at a low speed to lower the planting component. During the adjustment process, the depth sensor continuously feeds back data. When the depth reaches 36 mm, the control system fine-tunes the motor speed to slowly lower the planting component, and finally stabilizes at 38 mm, completing the adjustment of the planting depth this time.

[0027] During the entire operation process, the operation panel automatically records the target depth of this planting operation, the actual adjustment process data, and the soil parameters, facilitating subsequent viewing and analysis.

[0028] Among them, the planting resistance model is constructed based on no less than 50 groups of planting tests under different soil types, humidity, and hardness conditions. By installing a force sensor on the planting component to measure the resistance size in real time, data such as soil characteristics, planting component characteristics, and planting depth of each test are collected and a multiple linear regression algorithm is used. The model accuracy error is controlled within ±8%.

[0029] Example 2: Taking the planting of lettuce seedlings in sandy soil areas as an example:

[0030] The operator inputs through the intelligent terminal that the target planting depth is 22 mm, the soil type is sandy soil, and the expected humidity range is 40% - 50%;

[0031] When the planter is operating, the sensor collects data in real time. At a certain moment, the depth sensor feedbacks that the depth is 24 mm, the deviation is +2 mm, the soil humidity is 45%, and the hardness conforms to the characteristics of sandy soil;

[0032] After the control system analyzes based on the model, it instructs the servo motor to drive the lead screw mechanism to lift the planting component at a higher speed. As the depth approaches the target value, the motor speed gradually decreases. When the depth stabilizes at 22 mm, the adjustment is completed. If during the adjustment process, the soil humidity or hardness changes greatly, the control system re-analyzes the data and adjusts the adjustment strategy to ensure that the planting depth of the seedlings is always accurate.

[0033] If after three consecutive adjustments, the depth still does not reach the target range, the intelligent terminal issues an alarm, prompting the operator to check the equipment or re-evaluate the parameter settings. The operator checks and finds that due to the loose soil quality in some sandy soil areas, the penetration depth of the planting component is unstable. After re-adjusting the target depth and optimizing the initial adjustment plan, the planting operation resumes normal.

[0034] The present invention can accurately and efficiently adjust the planting depth of seedlings under different soil conditions, meet the actual needs of agricultural production, and has good application prospects.

[0035] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting the depth of seedlings of a planting machine, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: Before the planting operation, according to the seedling variety, soil texture and agronomic requirements, input the target planting depth value into the control system through the operation panel of the planter, and at the same time enter the basic parameters such as soil type and expected humidity range. The system generates an initial adjustment plan accordingly; S2: Use the depth sensor installed on the planting component of the planter to continuously monitor the soil penetration depth of the planting component, and obtain depth data at a frequency of not less than three times per second; S3: The control system compares the depth data collected in real time with the target planting depth and calculates the depth deviation value; S4: If the depth deviation exceeds the preset error range of ±10 mm, the control system issues an instruction to the adjustment actuator according to the analysis result; When the deviation is positive, the instruction motor drives the lead screw mechanism to lift the planting component; When the deviation is negative, the instruction motor reverses to lower the planting component, and the adjustment speed is adaptively adjusted according to the deviation size. The larger the deviation, the faster the adjustment speed.

2. The method for adjusting the seedling depth of a planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the soil humidity and hardness information are periodically collected through the soil humidity sensor and hardness sensor. The collection period is set to 5 - 10 s, and these data are synchronously transmitted to the control system.

3. A method for adjusting the depth of seedlings in a planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, through the soil humidity and hardness data, using the pre-set soil condition and planting resistance model, analyze the influence trend of the current soil condition on the planting depth, and judge whether adjustment is needed and the adjustment direction.

4. A method for adjusting the depth of seedlings of a planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, during the adjustment process, the depth sensor continuously feeds back the real-time depth of the planting component to the control system. The control system judges the adjustment effect in real time. If the depth after adjustment still does not reach the target range, repeat the data comparison and analysis, and adjustment execution steps until the planting depth of the seedlings is stabilized within the preset error range, completing a planting depth adjustment process.

5. A method for adjusting the depth of seedlings of a planting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The soil condition and planting resistance model is constructed by collecting data and using the multiple linear regression algorithm through no less than 50 groups of planting tests under different soil types, humidity and hardness conditions, and the model accuracy error is controlled within ±8%.

6. A method for adjusting the depth of seedlings of a planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation panel of the planter has a data storage function, which can automatically record the target depth, actual adjustment process data and corresponding soil parameters of each planting operation, and the storage period is not less than six months, which is convenient for subsequent traceability and data analysis.

7. A method for adjusting the depth of seedlings in a planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor in the adjustment actuator is a servo motor, which has the functions of precise speed control and position feedback, ensuring that the displacement accuracy of each adjustment of the planting component is controlled within ±2 mm, improving the accuracy of depth adjustment.

8. A method for adjusting the depth of seedlings of a planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when the planting depth of the seedlings still does not fall within the preset error range after three consecutive adjustments, the control system automatically issues an alarm, prompting the operator to check whether there are faults in the mechanical components of the planter or re-evaluate the rationality of the soil condition and target depth setting.

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