Compound enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed as well as preparation method and application of compound enzyme microcapsule preparation

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed as well as a preparation method and application of the compound enzyme microcapsule preparation, and relates to the technical field of feed. The microcapsule preparation disclosed by the invention is obtained through fluidized bed granulation by taking a carrageenan or gelatin hot solution as an adhesive; the microcapsule preparation comprises microcapsules of which the density is lower than that of water; the carrageenan or gelatin is adopted as the adhesive, the preparation is granulated through equipment, the feed particles absorb water, then the adhesive absorbs water to expand, disintegration of the feed particles can be accelerated from the inside, low-density particles and mist feed balls are formed, the low-density particles can float on the water surface due to the low density, the mist feed balls can sink, and therefore the feed particles can float on the water surface due to the low density. The low-density preparation particles are slow in disintegration speed and can continuously form an upper layer, and the fishes with smaller sizes can fall along with the sedimentation of the mist feed balls due to the limitation of the sizes of the mouth parts, so that the number of the small fishes at the upper part of the water layer is reduced; and at the moment, the quantity of the caught small fishes can be effectively reduced by carrying out shallow-layer catching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a composite enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feeds, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fish feed, as the name implies, is the feed for feeding fish. Its main components are protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. Protein is an important nutrient for the survival of fish and shrimp, and is an important component of the cells, tissues, and organs of the body.

[0003] For normal growth of fish, the feed needs to contain sufficient, easily digestible, and appropriately proportioned amino acids in terms of quantity. When fish ingest insufficient protein, their growth is slow, their body immunity declines, the proportion of various amino acids is appropriate. When fish ingest insufficient protein, their growth is slow, their body immunity declines, tissue renewal is slow, the wound healing ability is poor, and they are prone to diseases.

[0004] At present, the fishing of farmed fish mainly includes the stages of net lifting, sorting, and aftermath handling. Among them, certain preparatory work is required in the net lifting stage, and a large amount of manual labor is required in the sorting link to distinguish and classify fish of different sizes.

[0005] In the prior art, mechanical devices are mainly used to distinguish the sizes of various fish, but such mechanical devices will have physical contact with the fish, which is likely to cause fish damage. Moreover, for small fish that do not meet the size standard, participating in such screening is more likely to cause the death of small fish. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feeds, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof, and solve the following technical problems:

[0007] In the existing fish farming, it is necessary to fish at the end of the farming period and classify the fish after fishing, mainly according to the species or size of the fish. The existing classification technology mainly relies on mechanical methods for classification, but this will inevitably cause physical contact between the fish and the machinery, thus easily causing fish damage and affecting its economic utility.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A composite enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feeds, wherein the microcapsule preparation is obtained by fluidized bed granulation using a hot solution of carrageenan or gelatin as an adhesive, and the microcapsule preparation includes microcapsules with a density lower than that of water.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the microcapsules contain starch.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the particle size of the microcapsules is 1 - 50 mm.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the microcapsule includes a capsule membrane and a core material.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, the capsule membrane includes one or more of the following raw materials: styrene-2-vinylpyridine polymer, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, shellac, cellulose acetate carbonate.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, the microcapsule includes glucoamylase and protease.

[0015] To better achieve the technical effects of the present application, the present application also discloses a preparation method of a compound enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed, including the following steps:

[0016] Fluidized granulation: After passing the microcapsules through a 100-mesh sieve, suspend them in a fluidized bed, spray the binder onto the microcapsules, and at the same time keep the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed at 60-65°C and the compressed air pressure at 3-10 MPa; after the binder is sprayed, keep the compressed air pressure at 5-15 MPa and the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed at 40-55°C.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention, the preparation method further includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Core material preparation: Crush the microcapsule core material raw materials and granulate the crushed materials.

[0019] S2. Primary coating: Uniformly mix the glucoamylase and protease in the microcapsule into the capsule membrane material, and coat the mixed capsule membrane material on the surface of the particles obtained in step S1 to obtain initially coated particles.

[0020] S3. Secondary coating: Coat the capsule membrane material on the surface of the initially coated particles obtained in step S2 again to obtain microcapsules.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention, the mass ratio of the binder to the mass of other raw materials in fluidized granulation is 1-10:100.

[0022] As a further solution of the present invention, an application of a compound enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed in aquaculture.

[0023] Advantages of the present invention:

[0024] (1) In this application, carrageenan or gelatin is used as a binder, and the preparation is granulated by equipment. After adding conventional fish feed raw materials, the formed feed pellets, when put into water, absorb water, and then the binder absorbs water and swells, which can accelerate the disintegration of the feed pellets from the inside, forming low-density pellets and a mist-like feed mass. The former floats on the water surface due to its low density, while the mist-like feed mass sinks, and the fish will also chase the feed to feed. Among them, due to the slow disintegration speed of the low-density preparation pellets, an upper layer will continue to form. Smaller fish, due to the limited size of their mouths, are more inclined to follow the sinking of the mist-like feed mass and descend together, thus reducing the number of small fish in the upper water layer. At this time, shallow fishing can effectively reduce the number of small fish caught.

[0025] (2) In this application, by controlling the size of the microcapsules, the size of the fish expected to be caught can be more precisely screened according to the size of the fish mouth.

[0026] (3) Using styrene-2-vinylpyridine polymer, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, shellac or cellulose acetate carbonate as raw materials in this application can further reduce the disintegration speed of the feed capsule, so that the fish can form a stratification for a longer time.

[0027] (4) For the feed preparation method provided in this application, by controlling the fluidized bed temperature, the rapid drying of the gelatin / carrageenan hot solution can be effectively avoided. Specifically, keeping the inlet air temperature high in the stage of spraying the binder can improve the fluidity of the hot solution; after spraying the binder, increasing the compressed air intensity to increase the flow rate and at the same time reducing the temperature is convenient for the formation of the preparation pellets.

[0028] (5) Starch is added to the microcapsules of this application, and glucoamylase is incorporated into the capsule membrane material. After the formed microcapsules are swallowed by fish, the capsule membrane material can disintegrate in the digestive tract, so that the starch in the microcapsules is decomposed by glucoamylase. The formed glucose can not only provide the needs of fish life, but also reduce the stress response of fish. Detailed implementation mode

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The microcapsules of this example are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of starch, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 20 parts of shellac, 3 parts of glucoamylase, and 1 part of protease; the starch and sodium alginate are broken and mixed with water, stirred at 900 rad / min for 20 min, and then granulated by the spheronization method. The obtained granules are dried to obtain the primary encapsulated granules. The glucoamylase and protease are added to an ethanol solution containing 10 parts of shellac, and this solution is sprayed onto the primary encapsulated granules. After the primary encapsulated granules are completely dry, the ethanol solution containing 10 parts of shellac is sprayed onto the completely dry primary encapsulated granules to obtain the microcapsules.

[0032] The microcapsules prepared in this example have a particle size of 8 mm by adjusting the equipment parameters.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] The preparation of this example is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of starch, 5 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 20 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 3 parts of glucoamylase; the starch, sodium bicarbonate, sodium alginate, and glucoamylase are mixed evenly and then extruded and granulated by an extruder. The granulation temperature is set at 75 °C. After drying, the core material is obtained. The polyvinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution is sprayed on the surface of the core material to obtain the microcapsules.

[0035] The microcapsules prepared in this example have a particle size of 10 mm by adjusting the equipment parameters.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] By weight: 20 parts of soy lecithin and 6 parts of sodium alginate are pulverized, passed through a 100-mesh sieve, mixed evenly with water, and then co-suspended with the microcapsules prepared in Example 1 on a fluidized bed. 10 parts of hot gelatin solution are sprayed onto the raw materials, while keeping the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed at 60 °C and the compressed air pressure at 5 MPa; after the binder is sprayed, the compressed air pressure is kept at 10 MPa and the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is kept at 50 °C to obtain the preparation particles.

[0038] After 50 parts by weight of fish meal and 30 parts of starch are mixed evenly with water, they are granulated and dried with the preparation particles on a fluidized bed to obtain the finished feed.

[0039] Example 4

[0040] By weight: 20 parts of soy lecithin and 6 parts of sodium alginate are pulverized, passed through a 100-mesh sieve, mixed evenly with water, and then co-suspended with the microcapsules prepared in Example 2 on a fluidized bed. 10 parts of hot gelatin solution are sprayed onto the raw materials, while keeping the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed at 60 °C and the compressed air pressure at 5 MPa; after the binder is sprayed, the compressed air pressure is kept at 10 MPa and the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is kept at 50 °C to obtain the preparation particles.

[0041] After uniformly mixing 50 parts by weight of fish meal and 30 parts of starch with water, the mixture is granulated and dried with the preparation particles in a fluidized bed to obtain the finished feed product.

[0042] Example 5

[0043] Weighing by parts by weight: 20 parts of soy lecithin and 6 parts of sodium alginate are crushed, passed through a 100-mesh sieve, uniformly mixed with water, and then co-suspended with the microcapsules prepared in Example 1 on a fluidized bed. 15 parts of a hot gelatin solution are sprayed onto the raw materials, while maintaining the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed at 60 °C and the compressed air pressure at 5 MPa; after the binder is sprayed, the compressed air pressure is maintained at 10 MPa and the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is maintained at 50 °C to obtain the preparation particles.

[0044] After uniformly mixing 50 parts by weight of fish meal and 30 parts of starch with water, the mixture is granulated and dried with the preparation particles in a fluidized bed to obtain the finished feed product.

[0045] Example 6

[0046] Weighing by parts by weight: 200 parts of white fish meal, 20 parts of soy lecithin and 6 parts of sodium alginate are crushed, passed through a 100-mesh sieve, uniformly mixed with water, and then co-suspended with the microcapsules prepared in Example 1 on a fluidized bed. 10 parts of a hot gelatin solution are sprayed onto the raw materials, while maintaining the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed at 65 °C and the compressed air pressure at 10 MPa; after the binder is sprayed, the compressed air pressure is maintained at 15 MPa and the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is maintained at 40 °C to obtain the preparation particles.

[0047] After uniformly mixing 50 parts by weight of fish meal and 30 parts of starch with water, the mixture is granulated and dried with the preparation particles in a fluidized bed to obtain the finished feed product.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] Weighing by parts by weight: 20 parts of soy lecithin and 6 parts of sodium alginate are crushed, passed through a 100-mesh sieve, uniformly mixed with water, and then suspended on a fluidized bed. 10 parts of a hot gelatin solution are sprayed onto the raw materials, while maintaining the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed at 60 °C and the compressed air pressure at 5 MPa; after the binder is sprayed, the compressed air pressure is maintained at 10 MPa and the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is maintained at 50 °C to obtain the comparative particles.

[0050] After uniformly mixing 50 parts by weight of fish meal and 30 parts of starch with water, the mixture is granulated and dried with the comparative particles in a fluidized bed to obtain the finished feed product.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] After uniformly mixing 50 parts by weight of fish meal and 30 parts of starch with water, the mixture is granulated and dried with the microcapsules prepared in Example 1 in a fluidized bed to obtain the finished feed product.

[0053] Comparative Example 3

[0054] The feed of this comparative example is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of starch, 5 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 20 parts of gelatin, and 3 parts of glucoamylase; the above raw materials are crushed, added with water, and mixed evenly, and then granulated by an extrusion granulator, and the granulation temperature is set at 75 °C to obtain comparative granules.

[0055] After mixing 50 parts by weight of fish meal and 30 parts of starch with water evenly, it is granulated and dried with the comparative granules by fluidized bed to obtain the finished feed.

[0056] The particle size of the finished feed prepared in each of the above examples and comparative examples is 12 mm.

[0057] Performance Detection

[0058] For the technical problems to be solved by this application, this application first detects the above examples and comparative examples, including:

[0059] 1. Shallow fishing experiment, the feed is put in at 1.5% of the fish weight, and after 5 minutes of putting in, the water area with a depth of 1.5 m and a radius of 5 m from the water surface is fished, and the total number of captured fish, the number of large fish and the number of small fish are counted (taking cultured crucian carp as an example)

[0060] Group Total number Large fish (body length ≥ 20 cm) Small fish (body length < 20 cm) Example 3 175 142 33 Example 4 163 146 17 Example 5 182 150 32 Example 6 176 142 34 Comparative Example 1 15 9 6 Comparative Example 2 243 152 91 Comparative Example 3 171 93 78

[0061] 2. Stress experiment, select individuals with a length of 23 - 28 cm from the fish caught in the shallow fishing, select 50 for each group (if the number of fish caught in a single fishing is less than 50 in a group, multiple fishings are carried out), mark the fish and put them into the water tank, and place the water tank statically in the carriage of a van, with 10 fish per box per group, and count the survival number every 12 h. The results are as follows:

[0062] Group 12h 24h 36h 48h Example 3 48 42 31 25 Example 4 47 38 29 21 Example 5 48 40 29 24 Example 6 46 39 30 22 Comparative Example 1 33 21 13 6 Comparative Example 2 40 35 26 9 Comparative Example 3 38 22 12 7

[0063] It can be clearly seen from the above data that the feed preparation of this application can make the fish stratify according to the body length (the size of the fish mouth) after being put into the water, thus facilitating fishing; at the same time, it can also be seen that the feed preparation prepared in this example can also reduce the mortality rate of fish after fishing to a certain extent compared with ordinary feed.

[0064] One embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, but the content described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered as limiting the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made according to the scope of the present invention application should still fall within the scope covered by the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed, characterized in that, The microcapsule preparation is obtained by fluidized bed granulation using a hot solution of carrageenan or gelatin as an adhesive, and the microcapsule preparation includes microcapsules with a density lower than that of water.

2. The composite enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The microcapsules contain starch.

3. The composite enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the microcapsules is 1 - 50 mm.

4. The composite enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The microcapsules include a capsule membrane and a core material.

5. The composite enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The capsule membrane includes one or more of the following raw materials: styrene-2-vinylpyridine polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, shellac, cellulose acetate carbonate.

6. The composite enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microcapsules include glucoamylase and protease.

7. A preparation method of a compound enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Fluidized bed granulation: After passing the microcapsules through a 100-mesh sieve, suspend them on the fluidized bed, spray the adhesive onto the microcapsules, while maintaining the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed at 60 - 65 °C and the compressed air pressure at 3 - 10 MPa; after the adhesive is sprayed, maintain the compressed air pressure at 5 - 15 MPa and the inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed at 40 - 55 °C.

8. The preparation method of a compound enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preparation method further includes the following steps: S1. Core material preparation: Crush the microcapsule core material raw materials and granulate the crushed materials. S2. Primary coating: Uniformly mix the glucoamylase and protease in the microcapsules into the capsule membrane material, and coat the mixed capsule membrane material on the surface of the particles obtained in step S1 to obtain preliminarily coated particles. S3. Secondary coating: Coat the capsule membrane material on the surface of the preliminarily coated particles obtained in step S2 again to obtain microcapsules.

9. The preparation method of a compound enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the adhesive to the mass of other raw materials in fluidized bed granulation is 1 - 10:

100.

10. Application of a composite enzyme microcapsule preparation for aquatic feed in aquaculture.