Crankshaft all-fiber bending and upsetting forming device and upsetting method using crankshaft all-fiber bending and upsetting forming device

Abstract

The invention discloses a crankshaft all-fiber bending and upsetting forming device and an upsetting method using the crankshaft all-fiber bending and upsetting forming device. The crankshaft all-fiber bending and upsetting forming device comprises a loading main machine structure and an upsetting structure. The loading main machine structure comprises a main machine top base, a main machine base, a movable cross beam and a movable workbench. The main machine base and the main machine top base form a vertically-layered loading structure through the machine body stand columns. The loading structure is used for mounting a composite cylinder body mechanism for upsetting driving and locking; a piston rod at the front end of the upsetting cylinder is connected with the movable cross beam to form a die assembly transmission structure; and a double-toggle-rod force amplifying mechanism is mounted in the movable cross beam. Carrying out upsetting operation loading treatment; carrying out positioning die assembly and die locking treatment on the forge piece; and the upsetting treatment is assisted by the double-toggle-rod force amplifying mechanism. According to the method, the application range is wide, high-precision one-time heating rapid upsetting forming can be conducted through the light bar blank, continuity and completeness of a crankshaft metal fiber flow line are reserved, the forge piece machining allowance is small, the metal utilization rate and the machining efficiency are improved, the crankshaft internal structure density is high, and the method can be used for upsetting blanks of shafts, flanges and other parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of upset forging processing, and particularly to a full-fiber bending upset forging forming device for a crankshaft and a method for upset forging using the same. Background Art

[0002] As is well known, the crankshaft is one of the most important moving parts in presses, internal combustion engines, locomotives, and ships. Its stress condition is extremely complex. It not only requires the crankshaft to have sufficient mechanical properties, but also high dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy, wear resistance, etc. The structure of the crankshaft consists of a main journal, a crankpin journal, and a crank arm. During operation, the crankshaft bears periodic reciprocating alternating stresses, and a dangerous surface of the crankshaft is formed between the transition fillet of the crankpin journal and the crank arm (see Figure 6 lines A and B in). Fatigue cracks are likely to occur in this area, which may then lead to torsional fatigue fracture of the crankshaft. The fracture surface is usually approximately at 45° to the axis. Therefore, in order to improve the load-bearing capacity and service life of the crankshaft, the core goal during upset forging is to ensure that good metal fiber flow lines are retained inside the forging, and to avoid defects such as fiber faults and turbulent flow in traditional forging. We know that there are inclusions and dendritic segregation that are insoluble in the matrix metal in the casting blank. During processing and deformation processes such as forging, rolling, extrusion, and drawing, the brittle inclusions in the metal are broken and distributed in the form of particles or chains along the main elongation direction of the metal, while the plastic impurities are distributed in bands, making the post-forging metal structure have a certain directionality, which is called the metal fiber flow line. It makes the mechanical properties of the metal show anisotropy. However, the distribution of the metal fiber flow line can be optimized by improving the forging process. Retaining good metal fiber flow lines can enable the forging to obtain better mechanical properties. After forging, the mechanical properties in the direction parallel to the flow line in the forging are higher than those perpendicular to the flow line. Therefore, when designing and manufacturing parts, if the characteristics of high longitudinal mechanical properties of the metal flow line structure can be fully utilized, making the flow line structure in the forging coincide with the structural shape of the part and consistent with the direction of the tensile force, and avoiding defects such as eddy current, cross flow, turbulent flow, and overflow, the comprehensive mechanical properties and safety factor of the crankshaft will be significantly improved.

[0003] Currently, with the continuous development and optimization of forging equipment and forging processes, especially for large crankshafts, the method of full-fiber flow line upset forging is adopted, making the metal fiber flow line smooth and continuous along the structural shape of the forging, which can greatly improve the fatigue strength and service life of the crankshaft, effectively improving the metal utilization rate and machining efficiency, and its superiority is more prominent.

[0004] In China at present, the existing production equipment and manufacturing process technology for crankshaft forgings are to form on a large press by loading a bending upset forging die. Since the upsetting stroke and motion law of the upsetting slider and the bending module cannot achieve the optimization during the forming process and the adjustment of process parameters, it can only be compensated by increasing the allowance of the forgings, resulting in excessive machining allowance of the forgings, low dimensional accuracy, inability to select an optimized deformation process according to the metal filling situation, and easily causing defects such as corner collapse and folding due to insufficient or unreasonable metal filling in the die cavity, as well as difficulties in metal deformation at the middle part due to the increase in deformation resistance during the pressurization process. In addition, the blank needs to be pre-calculated for the material length for the pre-forging machining blanking process, and multiple positioning grooves for upsetting need to be pre-machined on the lathe, resulting in the cutting of the metal fiber streamline structure in the near-surface layer of the round bar stock and weakening the strength of the crankshaft. Such a process is cumbersome, costly, and has a low yield. Especially for large multi-throw crankshafts, it is more impractical to use this method to upset the blanks. To overcome the shortcomings of the equipment and process technology level mentioned in the above background technology, it is comprehensively required that the crankshaft can make full use of the characteristic that the longitudinal mechanical properties of the metal streamline structure are high during the blanking process, so that the fiber streamline of the forging coincides with the outer contour of the crankshaft, the fiber tissue is smooth and coherent and reasonably distributed, and is consistent with the direction of the tensile force, so as to improve the fatigue resistance and service life of the crankshaft. The obtained forging can also effectively improve the metal utilization rate and machining efficiency. By precisely controlling the movement and load of the slider with less investment, it is particularly important to invent and apply a device for full-fiber bending upset forging of crankshafts and a method for upset forging with it.

[0005] Therefore, those skilled in the art provide a device for full-fiber bending upset forging of crankshafts and a method for upset forging with it to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: To solve the technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a device for full-fiber bending upset forging of crankshafts and a method for upset forging with it, in which the double elbow rod slider is movable and adjustable, the structure is simplified, the operation is more convenient, and the flexibility is high.

[0007] A device for full-fiber bending upset forging of crankshafts includes a loading main machine structure and an upset forging structure;

[0008] The loading main machine structure includes a main machine top seat, a main machine base, a movable crossbeam, and a movable workbench;

[0009] The main machine top seat and the main machine base form an upper and lower layered loading structure through the fuselage columns;

[0010] The loading structure is used to install a composite cylinder mechanism for upset forging drive and locking;

[0011] The composite cylinder mechanism includes an upper bending cylinder, a lower bending cylinder, a upsetting cylinder, and an adjusting cylinder;

[0012] The upper bending cylinder is installed at the center position of the main machine top seat, and the lower bending cylinder is installed at the center position of the moving workbench;

[0013] The piston rod of the upper bending cylinder is connected to the upper bending die locking seat through a square punch to form a bending upsetting die locking structure;

[0014] The piston rod of the lower bending cylinder is connected to the lower bending die locking seat to form a bending upsetting die locking structure;

[0015] The upsetting cylinders are symmetrically installed on both sides of the upper bending cylinder of the main machine top seat, and the front piston rod of the upsetting cylinder is connected to the movable crossbeam to form a die closing transmission structure;

[0016] The adjusting cylinders are symmetrically installed inside the moving workbench, and the front piston rod of the adjusting cylinder is connected to the lower die seat through a connecting frame to form an auxiliary translation upsetting and adjusting structure;

[0017] A double elbow rod force increasing mechanism is installed inside the movable crossbeam, and the double elbow rod force increasing mechanism is hinged with the upper die seat to form a forging part variable direction upsetting structure;

[0018] The upper die seat of the top upsetting component cooperates with the double elbow rod force increasing mechanism to form a variable direction upsetting structure;

[0019] The upper bending cylinder and the lower bending cylinder of the central part upsetting component respectively cooperate with the upper bending die locking seat and the lower bending die locking seat to form a vertical bending upsetting structure;

[0020] The lower die seat of the bottom upsetting component cooperates with the adjusting cylinder to form an auxiliary translation upsetting and adjusting structure.

[0021] Furthermore, the double elbow rod force increasing mechanism includes a double elbow rod slider, a double elbow rod, a double elbow rod connecting shaft, and a bushing;

[0022] The double elbow rod slider is installed at the upsetting position of the movable crossbeam. The front and rear end faces of the double elbow rod slider form a hinged structure with the bushing through the double elbow rod connecting shaft. The double elbow rod connecting shaft is connected to the rear root rod body of the double elbow rod through a double elbow rod connecting key. The front end variable direction upsetting rod body of the double elbow rod forms a hinged installation structure with the upper die seat through the double elbow rod connecting shaft, the double elbow rod connecting key, and the bushing. Therefore, such a hinged installation structure can use the double elbow rod to decompose the vertical force into a horizontal force, which is beneficial to the stability of the entire bending upsetting deformation process.

[0023] Furthermore, a limiting protrusion extends along the outer circle of the double elbow rod connecting shaft at the root of the double elbow rod, and the two end faces of the limiting protrusion form an angular limiting contact structure with the double elbow rod slider. Among them, the design of the limiting protrusion can further limit the swinging angle of the double elbow rod.

[0024] Further, a set of openable connecting plates and friction plates are symmetrically hinged and installed on the shoulders of the upper bending die clamping seat. The lower swing of the upper bending die clamping seat forms two wing-shaped structures, and two symmetrically arranged locking blocks facing each other are installed at the lower parts of the two wing-shaped structures;

[0025] The lower bending die clamping seat is provided with a locking fitting surface for cooperating with the locking block. The locking fitting surface is used to fit the locking block to form a locking contact structure of the bending die clamping seat;

[0026] The upper bending die clamping seat is connected to the piston rod of the upper bending cylinder through a square punch;

[0027] The square punch is used to cooperate with the guiding flange installed at the central position of the movable crossbeam to form a vertical guiding structure;

[0028] The bottom of the lower bending die clamping seat is symmetrically installed with guiding rods, and the guiding rods are used to cooperate with the through holes of the moving workbench to form a vertical displacement guiding structure. Among them, the upper and lower bending die clamping seats complete the locking and positioning process during the die closing process.

[0029] Further, the lower die seat is connected to the piston rod at the front end of the adjusting cylinder symmetrically installed on the moving workbench through a connecting frame;

[0030] A guiding hook and a lubricating pair are installed between the lower die seat and the moving workbench. Among them, the design of the guiding hook and the lubricating pair assists in completing the horizontal guiding movement process between the die seat and the moving workbench.

[0031] 11. Further, a tensioning cylinder is arranged at the top of the movable crossbeam. A steel wire rope is installed at the front end of the piston rod of the tensioning cylinder. The steel wire rope is connected to the upper die seat through a fixed pulley group, and a limit adjusting screw is arranged at the rear of the upper die seat;

[0032] A lock template is installed on the inner side of the middle part of the movable crossbeam. The lock template contacts the friction plate of the wing-shaped structure of the upper bending die clamping seat during the upsetting process. Among them, the design of the tensioning cylinder is to assist the upper die seat to maintain a stable structure during the angle change of the double toggle lever, ensuring the structural integrity of the upsetting forging. The lock template is to cooperate with the wing-shaped structure of the upper bending die clamping seat to be able to lock stably, safely and firmly when in the downward pressure and die closing state with the lower bending die clamping seat.

[0033] Further, a guiding and lubricating pair is installed on the column of the machine body. The guiding and lubricating pair is used for guiding and lubricating contact during the vertical displacement of the movable crossbeam. The column of the machine body is tightly connected to the top seat and the bottom seat of the main machine through the body tie rods. Among them, the guiding and lubricating pair, as a vertical longitudinal guiding auxiliary structure, can reduce the wear of the longitudinal movement of the movable crossbeam, and at the same time can also prevent the movable crossbeam driven by the upsetting cylinder from shifting due to uneven force.

[0034] 12. Further, cavity molds and positioning blocks for forming forgings can be inlaid and installed in the inner cavity positioning grooves of the upper die holder and the lower die holder; when upsetting forgings with a small upsetting rotary diameter, a transition die sleeve can be installed in the die holder positioning groove first, and then the cavity molds and positioning blocks required for forming can be inlaid. Among them, the method of pre-installing the transition die sleeve is beneficial to reducing the consumables and manufacturing costs of each cavity mold and positioning block.

[0035] A full-fiber bending upsetting method for a crankshaft includes the following steps:

[0036] S1. Loading and handling for upsetting operations; extracting the upsetting parameter values and the upsetting process operation instruction card of the forgings to be upset, and inlaying and installing cavity molds and positioning blocks in the inner cavity positioning grooves of the die holder.

[0037] The lower die holder component travels to the material waiting area along the guide rail direction through the moving workbench to load materials.

[0038] S2. Positioning, clamping, and locking of forgings; starting the upsetting cylinder, the piston rod of the upsetting cylinder drives the movable crossbeam to move vertically downward synchronously with the upper bending locking die holder connected to the piston rod of the upper bending cylinder through a square punch. The upper bending locking die holder moves forward first to clamp with the lower bending locking die holder installed on the piston rod of the lower bending cylinder and pauses to move downward. The movable crossbeam continues to move downward until the upper die holder clamps with the lower die holder, and the locking template presses the wing-shaped structure of the upper bending locking die holder so that the locking block locks the locking engagement surface of the lower bending locking die holder to complete the locking process. At this time, it is the starting upsetting position.

[0039] S3. Pretreatment of upsetting parameters for forgings; determining the actual parameters and process of upsetting forgings.

[0040] S4. Assisted upsetting treatment with a double elbow rod force-increasing mechanism; starting the synchronous action of the actuating working cylinders, the displacement and the speed of the displacement during the bending upsetting deformation need to match each other; when the upsetting composite step is completed, the end position of the bending stroke has reached the bottom dead center of the entire bending upsetting deformation process. At this time, the bending force reaches the maximum value. According to the force condition of the billet metal during the deformation process of this step, since the upsetting angle between the double elbow rod and the vertical displacement direction is continuously increasing, the upsetting force also increases from small to large and rises sharply, while the upsetting speed in the horizontal direction decreases significantly from fast to slow. The upsetting force has not reached the maximum value of the entire deformation process during this process.

[0041] S5. Final upsetting treatment of forgings; after the assisted upsetting treatment with the double elbow rod force-increasing mechanism, the upper bending cylinder and the lower bending cylinder do not perform any actions, and the double elbow rod continues to push the die holder to horizontally move towards each other along the central axis of the machine tool until the end position of the upsetting stroke. At the end of this step, the upsetting force also reaches the maximum value of the entire upsetting deformation process. Among them,

[0042] Furthermore, in the upsetting process assisted by the double toggle force-increasing mechanism, the relationship between the vertical and horizontal displacement amounts during the pressure upsetting process is uniquely determined by the angle between the double toggles and the vertical direction;

[0043] Therefore, during the upsetting process, ① represents the position and angle α1 of the double toggles at the initial upsetting, ② represents the position and angle α2 of the double toggles at the end of upsetting, and ③ represents the position and angle α of the double toggles at a certain instant during the process; the value of the double toggle length is "L"; "H" and "S" respectively represent the total displacement amounts in the vertical and horizontal directions, and "h" and "s" respectively represent the displacement amounts in the vertical and horizontal directions at a certain instant; it can be deduced that:

[0044] H = H1 - H2 = L(cosα1 - cosα2)

[0045] S = S2 - S1 = L(sinα2 - sinα1)

[0046] Similarly, the vertical and horizontal displacement amounts of the double toggles at a certain instant during the upsetting process are respectively:

[0047] h = L(cosα1 - cosα)

[0048] s = L(sinα - sinα1)

[0049] Then the velocity v1 of the vertical displacement and the velocity v2 of the horizontal displacement at this moment are respectively:

[0050]

[0051] So: where α1 ≤ α ≤ α2. During the upsetting deformation process, the velocity v1 of the vertical displacement of the moving crossbeam and the slider remains unchanged, while the velocity v2 of the horizontal displacement of the die holder is constantly changing. It decreases as the angle between the double toggles and the vertical displacement direction increases. The resulting horizontal upsetting force is constantly increasing, and the increase in the horizontal upsetting force is adapted to the increase in the deformation resistance during the upsetting process, meeting the requirements of the crankshaft upsetting deformation.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0053] (1) The double-toggle slider provided on the moving crossbeam is movable and adjustable, simplifying the structure of the device, making the operation more convenient and highly flexible;

[0054] (2) The use of the parallel double-toggle force-increasing mechanism can obtain a greater horizontal upsetting force and bending upsetting force than traditional upsetting equipment, saving a large amount of energy consumption and making the device lighter. Compared with the use of a single-toggle structure, it effectively solves the problem of imbalance between the die holder and the slider, and the device is more stable and reliable;

[0055] (3) The die locking structure on the bending die locking seat and the die locking plate on the moving crossbeam provide all the die locking forces during the entire upsetting deformation process, effectively preventing the phenomenon of the billet bulging in the forming die cavity during the deformation process and ensuring the stability of the upsetting deformation process. The die locking structure does not consume energy;

[0056] (4) The upsetting stroke and motion law of the upsetting slider and the bending module can be adjusted according to the process requirements, enabling the adjustment and optimization of the forming process, improving the dimensional accuracy of the forging, and reducing forging defects;

[0057] (5) The bending cylinder and the upsetting cylinder can be controlled separately, enabling the differentiation and realization of multi-step upsetting, avoiding defects such as corner collapse in the forging, and the device has high automation control performance;

[0058] (6) The positioning groove in the die seat cavity can be pre-installed with a transition die sleeve in an inlay manner, reducing the outer dimensions of each die and also significantly reducing the cost of manufacturing the die;

[0059] (7) It can bend and upset to form large multi-crankshafts, and can also be used to upset the blanks of shaft parts and flange parts, etc. The device has high practicability and versatility;

[0060] (8) It can directly use round bar blanks for high-precision one-time heating and rapid upsetting forming, maximizing the smoothness and integrity of the metal fiber streamline. The machining allowance of the forging is small, which also greatly improves the metal utilization rate and machining efficiency. The internal quality of the forging is good, and the anti-fatigue life is long. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0062] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the main view half-section of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the side view full-section of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the parallel double toggle lever force amplification of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 4 is a diagram of the motion law relationship of the double toggle lever;

[0066] Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the positioning structure in the die seat cavity and the inlaid transition die sleeve of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 6 is a distribution diagram of the metal fiber streamline after hot acid corrosion of the cross-section of the forged crankshaft of the present invention (lines A and B are the dangerous surfaces of crankshaft fatigue fracture);

[0068] Figures 7 - 11 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the upsetting deformation process steps of the present invention.

[0069] In the figure: 1. Main machine top seat; 2. Upper bending cylinder; 3. Upsetting cylinder; 4. Body column; 5. Guide lubrication pair; 6. Moving crossbeam; 7. Main machine base; 8. Body tie rod; 9. Moving workbench; 10. Guide rail; 11. Lower bending cylinder; 12. Adjusting cylinder; 13. Double elbow rod slider; 14. Double elbow rod; 15. Double elbow rod connecting shaft; 16. Double elbow rod connecting key; 17. Bushing; 18. Upper die holder; 19. Adjusting cushion block; 20. Steel wire rope; 21. Pulley block; 22. Tightening cylinder; 23. Limit adjusting screw; 24. Upper bending die locking seat; 25. Locking block; 26. Square punch; 27. Guide flange; 28. Lower bending die locking seat; 29. Locking template; 30. Guide rod; 31. Lower die holder; 32. Guide hook; 33. Lubrication pair; 34. Connecting frame; 35. Transition die sleeve; 36. Forged part; 37. Upper punch; 38. Lower punch; 39. Cavity die; 40. Positioning stop block. Detailed implementation manners

[0070] Now, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, only illustrating the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic way, so they only show the components related to the present invention.

[0071] The working principle of a full-fiber bending upset forging forming device for a crankshaft of the present invention is as follows: According to the upset forging process requirements, the upset forging parameter values required for the upset forging forming device are set in advance. The corresponding forming dies and blocks are respectively installed in the positioning grooves of the inner cavity of the die holder. When the moving workbench 9 is moved out to the loading position outside the machine body, the upset forging forming part of the round bar blank is heated to the starting forging temperature and then loaded. The moving workbench 9 is moved into the center position of the machine tool and locked. When the working cycle starts, when the upset forging cylinder 3 pushes the movable crossbeam 6 and the upper bending cylinder 2 to move vertically downward synchronously to the starting forging position, the upper bending die locking seat 24 with the square punch 26 installed on the upper bending cylinder 2 first closes the die with the lower bending die locking seat 28 of the lower bending cylinder 11. At this time, the upper bending cylinder 2 pauses to descend. The upset forging cylinder 3 pushes the movable crossbeam 6 to continue descending until the upper die holder 18 closes the die with the lower die holder 31, and the wing-shaped structure of the lower swing of the upper bending die locking seat 24 is pressed by the die locking plate 29 in the middle of the movable crossbeam 6 to firmly lock the locking block 25 to the lower bending die locking seat 28. At this time, according to the actual structure requirements of different crankshafts and the selection of the upset forging process, the pre-upsetting and bending upset forging deformation steps can be reasonably arranged. During the pressurized upset forging process, the action of the double elbow lever force-increasing mechanism makes the upset forging force increase several times during the entire deformation process to adapt to the increase in the deformation resistance. After the upset forging is completed, the upper bending cylinder 2 and the lower bending cylinder 11 do not perform actions. The tensioning cylinder 22 continuously maintains pressure to tension the steel wire rope 20 to keep the upper die holder 18 at the final upset height. The upset forging cylinder 3 first returns to drive the movable crossbeam 6 to move vertically upward to separate the upper die holder 18 from the lower die holder 31 first. Then, when it continues to move upward to the middle position and the wing-shaped die locking structure of the bending die locking seat springs open and completely releases the locking between the upper bending die locking seat 24 and the lower bending die locking seat 28, the upper bending cylinder 2 and the upset forging cylinder 3 continue to move upward to return to the initial position; the moving workbench 9 is moved out of the machine body, the tensioning cylinder 22 is depressurized to reset the upper die holder 18 to the starting upset position, the lower bending cylinder 11 ejects the workpiece and removes it, and the adjusting cylinder 12 and the lower bending cylinder 11 return to the reset position to complete one working cycle.

[0072] Example 1:

[0073] It includes a loading mainframe structure and a upsetting structure; the loading mainframe structure includes a mainframe top seat 1, a mainframe bottom seat 7, a movable crossbeam 6 and a movable workbench 9; the mainframe top seat 1 and the mainframe bottom seat 7 form an upper and lower layered loading structure through the fuselage columns 4; the loading structure is used to install a composite cylinder mechanism for upsetting drive and locking; the composite cylinder mechanism includes an upper bending cylinder 2, a lower bending cylinder 11, a upsetting cylinder 3 and an adjusting cylinder 12; the upper bending cylinder 2 is installed at the center position of the mainframe top seat 1, and the lower bending cylinder 11 is installed at the center position of the movable workbench 9; the piston rod of the upper bending cylinder 2 is connected with the upper bending die locking seat 24 through a square punch 26 to form a bending upsetting die locking structure; the piston rod of the lower bending cylinder 11 is connected with the lower bending die locking seat 28 to form a bending upsetting die locking structure; the upsetting cylinders 3 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the upper bending cylinder 2 of the mainframe top seat 1, and the front piston rods of the upsetting cylinders 3 are connected with the movable crossbeam 6 to form a die closing transmission structure; the adjusting cylinders 12 are symmetrically installed inside the movable workbench 9, and the front piston rods of the adjusting cylinders 12 are connected with the lower die seat 31 through a connecting frame 34 to form an auxiliary translation upsetting and adjusting structure; a double toggle force increasing mechanism is installed inside the movable crossbeam 6, and the double toggle force increasing mechanism is hinged with the upper die seat 18 to form a forging 36 variable direction upsetting structure; the upper die seat 18 of the top upsetting component part cooperates with the double toggle force increasing mechanism to form a variable direction upsetting structure; the upper bending cylinder 2 and the lower bending cylinder 11 of the central part upsetting component part respectively cooperate with the upper bending die locking seat 24 and the lower bending die locking seat 28 to form a vertical bending upsetting structure; the lower die seat 31 of the bottom upsetting component part cooperates with the adjusting cylinder 12 to form an auxiliary translation upsetting and adjusting structure. The double toggle force increasing mechanism includes a double toggle slider 13, a double toggle 14, a double toggle connecting shaft 15 and a bushing 17; the double toggle slider 13 is installed at the upsetting position of the movable crossbeam 6, and the front and rear end faces of the double toggle slider 13 form a hinged structure with the bushing 17 through the double toggle connecting shaft 15, the double toggle connecting shaft 15 is connected with the rear root rod body of the double toggle 14 through a double toggle connecting key 16, and the front end variable direction upsetting rod body of the double toggle 14 forms a hinged installation structure with the upper die seat 18 through the double toggle connecting shaft 15, the double toggle connecting key 16 and the bushing 17.

[0074] Among them, as Figure 1 shown, movable double toggle sliders 13 symmetrically installed inside both ends of the movable crossbeam 6 of the upsetting forming device adjust the upsetting stroke and die opening range of the equipment by embedding adjusting pads 19 with different thicknesses between the installation surfaces, which makes the equipment structure relatively simple and highly flexible; in the double toggle force increasing mechanism, which is an important force transmission component of the device, the double toggle slider 13 and the upper die seat 18 are respectively installed at both ends of the double toggle 14 in a hinged manner. During the pressurization process, as the movable crossbeam 6 vertically moves downward, the upsetting angle value between the double toggle 14 and the vertical displacement direction is continuously changed, thereby pushing the die seat to horizontally slide towards the center of the machine tool to complete the bending upsetting deformation of the crankshaft.

[0075] During the entire bending upsetting deformation process, the displacement speed in the vertical direction remains constant, while the displacement speed in the horizontal direction slows down as the inclination angle of the double elbow lever 14 increases. That is, the horizontal upsetting speed is fast at first and then slow. The fast initial horizontal upsetting speed is beneficial for more metal compression in the horizontal direction of the forging rod per unit time to be transferred and filled into the mold cavity, avoiding defects such as corner collapse and folding of the forging 36 due to insufficient or unreasonable metal filling in the mold cavity in the previous stage of the upsetting deformation process. The increase in the horizontal upsetting force is compatible with the increase in the deformation resistance during the upsetting process, meeting the requirements of the crankshaft upsetting deformation.

[0076] At the root of the double elbow lever 14, a limiting protrusion extends along the outer circle of the double elbow lever connecting shaft 15, and the two end faces of the limiting protrusion form an angular limiting contact structure with the double elbow lever slider 13.

[0077] At the same time, the mechanism principle of the parallel double elbow lever 14 is adopted to solve the problem of imbalance between the die holder and the slider in the single elbow lever structure. The device is more stable and reliable, which is beneficial for the precise positioning of the mold and the smooth ejection of the mold, improving the quality of the crankshaft upsetting. The two ends of the double elbow lever 14 designed in a hinged manner have a clearance space, and limiting protrusions are reserved at both ends to avoid interference and damage of components due to overtravel during the upsetting process.

[0078] Embodiment 2:

[0079] On the shoulders of the upper bending die holder 24, a set of openable connecting plates and friction plates are symmetrically hinged and installed. The lower swing of the upper bending die holder 24 forms two wing-like structures, and two symmetrically arranged locking blocks 25 are installed at the lower parts of the two wing-like structures.

[0080] The lower bending die holder 28 is provided with a locking fitting surface that cooperates with the locking block 25. The locking fitting surface is used to fit the locking block 25 to form a locking contact structure of the bending die holder.

[0081] The upper bending die holder 24 is connected to the piston rod of the upper bending cylinder 2 through a square punch 26.

[0082] The square punch 26 is used to cooperate with the guiding flange 27 installed at the central position of the movable crossbeam 6 to form a vertical guiding structure.

[0083] At the bottom of the lower bending die holder 28, guiding rods 30 are symmetrically installed. The guiding rods 30 are used to cooperate with the through holes of the moving workbench 9 to form a vertical displacement guiding structure.

[0084] Among them, as Figure 2As shown in the figure, a set of die locking plates 29 are symmetrically installed on the inner sides of the middle part of the movable crossbeam 6. During the upset forging process, the movable crossbeam 6 and the upper bending die locking base 24 simultaneously move vertically downward. The upper bending die locking base 24 first closes the die with the lower bending die locking base 28. When the movable crossbeam 6 continues to move vertically downward, the die locking plates 29 press on the two-wing die locking structures of the upper bending die locking base 24, so that the locking blocks 25 press and lock the locking fitting surfaces of the lower bending die locking base 28, effectively preventing the phenomenon of die expansion of the blank metal in the forming die cavity during the upset forging deformation process and ensuring the stability of the process.

[0085] The upper bending cylinder 2 and the lower bending cylinder 11 are set to be independently controllable. The upper bending cylinder 2 and the lower bending cylinder 11 are used to complete the bending upset forging process of the crank arm and the crank neck of the crankshaft. Since both the upsetting deformation and the bending deformation are controlled by their respective cylinders, the upsetting and bending processes can be conveniently and effectively adjusted, and the automatic control performance of the device is high.

[0086] During the bending upset forging deformation process, the upper bending cylinder 2 and the lower bending cylinder 11 can provide the bending force for the pre-upper bending upset forging step according to the needs of the forging 36, so that the blank metal can be effectively bent upward during the upset forging deformation process and filled into the upper die cavity of the crank arm mold, avoiding defects such as corner collapse of the forging 36 caused by insufficient filling of the blank metal at the upper cavity. The lower bending cylinder 11 can also be used to smoothly eject the billet during demolding.

[0087] Embodiment 3:

[0088] The lower die base 31 is connected to the piston rod of the moving workbench 9 through the connecting frame 34;

[0089] A guiding hook 32 and a lubricating pair 33 are installed between the lower die base 31 and the moving workbench 9.

[0090] A tensioning cylinder 22 is arranged at the top of the movable crossbeam 6. The front end of the piston rod of the tensioning cylinder 22 is equipped with a steel wire rope 20, and the steel wire rope 20 is connected to the upper die base 18 through a fixed pulley group.

[0091] Among them, as Figure 5 shown, positioning grooves are machined in the inner cavity of the die base to respectively install the cavity molds 39 required for forming and the positioning blocks 40, etc. When upset forging a crankshaft with a smaller blank diameter or a smaller rotational diameter, a transition die sleeve 35 can be pre-installed in the positioning groove and then the corresponding cavity molds 39 and positioning blocks 40, etc. can be installed. Moreover, the inner cavity size and the positioning groove of the transition die sleeve 35 can also be different, thereby reducing the outer dimensions of each module and reducing the consumables and costs of manufacturing the die.

[0092] A guiding and lubricating pair 5 is installed on the machine body column 4. The guiding and lubricating pair 5 is used for guiding and lubricating contact during the vertical displacement of the movable crossbeam 6. The machine body column 4 is tightly connected to the main machine top seat 1 and the main machine base 7 through the machine body tie rod 8.

[0093] A full-fiber bending upset forging method for a crankshaft, comprising the following steps:

[0094] S1. Loading and processing for upset forging operation; extracting the upset forging parameter values and the upset forging process operation instruction card of the forging 36 to be upset forged, and inlaying and installing the cavity die 39 and the positioning block 40 in the positioning groove of the die holder inner cavity;

[0095] The lower die holder component travels along the guide rail 10 direction to the waiting material area for loading through the moving workbench 9;

[0096] S2. Forging positioning, mold closing and clamping treatment; starting the upset forging cylinder 3, the piston rod of the upset forging cylinder 3 drives the movable crossbeam 6 and the upper bending clamping seat 24 connected to the piston rod of the upper bending cylinder 2 through the square punch 26 to move vertically downward synchronously. The upper bending clamping seat 24 first moves to close the mold with the lower bending clamping seat 28 installed on the piston rod of the lower bending cylinder 11 and pauses to move downward. The movable crossbeam 6 continues to move downward until the upper die holder 18 closes the mold with the lower die holder 31, and the clamping template 29 presses the wing-shaped structure of the upper bending clamping seat 24 so that the locking block 25 locks the locking engagement surface of the lower bending clamping seat 28 to complete the clamping process;

[0097] S3. Pretreatment of forging upset forging parameters; determining the actual parameters and process of upset forging of the forging 36;

[0098] S4. Auxiliary upset forging treatment by the double elbow rod force increasing mechanism; starting the synchronous action of the executing working cylinder, the displacement and the displacement speed of the bending upset forging deformation need to match each other; when the upset forging composite working step is completed, the end position of the bending stroke has reached the bottom dead center of the entire bending upset forging deformation process. At this time, the bending force reaches the maximum value. According to the stress situation of the billet metal during the deformation process of this working step, since the upset forging angle of the double elbow rod 14 with the vertical displacement direction is continuously increasing, the upsetting force also increases from small to large and rises sharply, while the upsetting speed in the horizontal direction decreases significantly from large to small. The upset forging force has not reached the maximum value of the entire deformation process during this process;

[0099] S5. Final upset forging treatment of the forging; after the auxiliary upset forging treatment by the double elbow rod force increasing mechanism, the upper bending cylinder 2 and the lower bending cylinder 11 do not perform any actions, and the double elbow rod 14 continues to push the die holder to horizontally move towards each other along the machine tool central axis until the end position of the upset forging stroke. At the end of this working step, the upsetting force also reaches the maximum value of the entire upset forging deformation process at the same time.

[0100] Among them, as Figures 7 - 11 shown,

[0101] Die closing: Assemble and fix all the modules required for forming the forging 36. The lower bending die clamping seat 28 first moves to the starting forging position and is at the same horizontal plane as the die closing surface of the lower die seat 31. The moving workbench 9 moves out to the loading position outside the machine body to load the heated round bar blank. The moving workbench 9 moves into the working position at the center of the machine tool. The upsetting forging work cycle starts. The upper bending die clamping seat 24 first moves to close the die with the lower bending die clamping seat 28 and pauses to descend. As the movable crossbeam 6 continues to descend until the upper die seat 18 closes the die with the lower die seat 31, and the die clamping plate 29 presses against the wing structure of the upper bending die clamping seat 24 so that the locking block 25 locks the locking engagement surface of the lower bending die clamping seat 28 to complete the die closing process, and the preparatory work for the early stage of upsetting forging deformation is completed.

[0102] Pre-upsetting process: It can be refined into pre-upward bending and pre-upsetting processes. The specific situation depends on the actual structure of different crankshafts and the selection and arrangement of the upsetting forging process. Its purpose is to make the axial compression amount of the blank metal obtain the best distribution before the next deformation process, ensure that there is enough volume of metal distributed in all directions in the forming cavity of the crankshaft crank arm, and avoid defects such as corner collapse caused by insufficient metal filling in the cavity during the bending upsetting deformation process.

[0103] Upsetting forging composite process: All the working cylinders need to act synchronously in this deformation process. The displacement and displacement speed of the bending upsetting deformation need to match each other. When the upsetting forging composite process is completed, the end position of the bending stroke has reached the bottom dead center of the entire bending upsetting deformation process. At this time, the bending force reaches the maximum value. According to the force condition of the blank metal during the deformation process of this process, since the upsetting angle between the double elbow lever 14 and the vertical displacement direction is constantly increasing, the upsetting force also increases from small to large and rises sharply, while the upsetting speed in the horizontal direction decreases significantly from fast to slow. The upsetting force in this process has not reached the maximum value of the entire deformation process.

[0104] Final upsetting process: After the previous process is completed, the upper bending cylinder 2 and the lower bending cylinder 11 do not perform any actions. The double elbow lever 14 continues to push the die seat to move horizontally towards each other along the central axis of the machine tool until the end position of the upsetting stroke. When this process ends, the upsetting force also reaches the maximum value of the entire upsetting forging deformation process, greatly improving the forming quality and accuracy of the forging 36.

[0105] In the auxiliary upsetting forging process of the double elbow lever force increasing mechanism, the relationship between the vertical and horizontal displacement amounts during the pressure upsetting process is uniquely determined by the angle between the double elbow lever 14 and the vertical direction;

[0106] Therefore, as Figure 3 and Figure 4, during upset forging, ① represents the position and included angle α1 of the double elbow lever at the initial upset forging, ② represents the position and included angle α2 of the double elbow lever at the end of upset forging, ③ represents the position and included angle α of the double elbow lever at a certain moment during the process; the value of the length of the double elbow lever is "L"; "H" and "S" respectively represent the total displacement in the vertical and horizontal directions, and "h" and "s" respectively represent the displacement in the vertical and horizontal directions at a certain moment; it can be deduced that:

[0107] H = H1 - H2 = L(cosα1 - cosα2)

[0108] S = S2 - S1 = L(sinα2 - sinα1)

[0109] Similarly, the vertical and horizontal displacements of the double elbow lever at a certain moment during the upset forging process are respectively:

[0110] h = L(cosα1 - cosα)

[0111] s = L(sinα - sinα1)

[0112] Then the velocity v1 of the vertical displacement and the velocity v2 of the horizontal displacement at this moment are respectively:

[0113]

[0114] Therefore: Among them, α1 ≤ α ≤ α2. During the upset forging deformation process, the velocity v1 of the vertical displacement of the moving crossbeam and the slider remains unchanged, while the velocity v2 of the horizontal displacement of the die holder is constantly changing. It decreases as the included angle between the double elbow lever and the vertical displacement direction increases. The horizontal upsetting force generated is constantly increasing, and the increase in the horizontal upsetting force is adapted to the increase in the deformation resistance during the upset forging process, meeting the requirements of the crankshaft upset forging deformation.

[0115] In summary, the main technical features of the present invention are as follows: At both ends of the moving crossbeam 6 of the device, symmetrically arranged double toggle links 14 and other components are installed in opposite directions as important force transmission mechanisms. The double toggle link slider 13 in this mechanism is set to be movable and adjustable. The upsetting stroke and the die opening range can be adjusted by embedding adjusting pads 19 with different thicknesses on its mounting surface. Both ends of the double toggle link 14 are respectively connected to the double toggle link slider 13 and the upper die holder 18 by means of hinge mounting. The double toggle link 14 linkage mechanism can decompose the vertical force into a horizontal force. During the pressurization process, while the upsetting cylinder 3 pushes the moving crossbeam 6 to vertically displace downward, the angle between the double toggle link 14 and the vertical displacement direction continuously increases, pushing the die holder to slide towards the center of the machine tool. The generated horizontal upsetting force continuously increases, and the increase in the horizontal upsetting force is adapted to the increase in the deformation resistance, meeting the requirements of crankshaft upsetting deformation. On the inner side of the middle part of the moving crossbeam 6, symmetrically arranged locking templates 29 are installed in opposite directions, and together with the mechanical locking devices of the upper bending die locking seat 24 and the lower bending die locking seat 28, the purpose of mold closing and locking is achieved, ensuring the stability and safety of the entire bending and upsetting deformation process. The upper bending cylinder 2 and the lower bending cylinder 11 are set to be independently controllable, which can decouple the bending and upsetting processes, making it possible to match and optimize the bending speed and the upsetting speed, thereby obtaining more accurate external dimensions of the forging 36. It can also realize the pre-upsetting and bending deformation process of the blank during the upsetting deformation process. Positioning grooves are machined in the inner cavity of the die holder to respectively install cavity molds 39 and positioning blocks 40 required for forming, etc. The transition die sleeve 35 can also be pre-installed by means of inlaying, which can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost of the mold. The present invention has a wide application range, strong versatility, and high automation control performance. It can directly use round bar blanks for high-precision one-time heating and rapid upsetting forming, maximizing the continuity and integrity of the metal fiber streamline of the crankshaft. Moreover, the machining allowance of the forging 36 is small, greatly improving the metal utilization rate and machining efficiency. The internal tissue density of the crankshaft is high, and the anti-fatigue life is long. It can be used to bend and upset single crank and large multi-crank type crankshafts, and can also be used to upset blanks of components such as shafts and flanges.

[0116] Based on the inspiration of the ideal embodiments of the present invention described above, through the above description, relevant staff can completely make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A full-fiber bending upset forging forming device for a crankshaft, characterized in that It includes a loading host structure and a upsetting structure; The loading host structure includes a host top seat (1), a host bottom seat (7), a movable crossbeam (6) and a movable workbench (9); The host top seat (1) and the host bottom seat (7) form an upper and lower layered loading structure through the fuselage columns (4); The loading structure is used to install a composite cylinder mechanism for upsetting drive and locking; The composite cylinder mechanism includes an upper bending cylinder (2), a lower bending cylinder (11), an upsetting cylinder (3) and an adjusting cylinder (12); The upper bending cylinder (2) is installed at the center position of the host top seat (1), and the lower bending cylinder (11) is installed at the center position of the movable workbench (9); The piston rod of the upper bending cylinder (2) is connected with the upper bending die locking seat (24) through a square punch (26) to form a bending upsetting die locking structure; The piston rod of the lower bending cylinder (11) is connected with the lower bending die locking seat (28) to form a bending upsetting die locking structure; The upsetting cylinders (3) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the upper bending cylinder (2) of the host top seat (1), and the front piston rod of the upsetting cylinder (3) is connected with the movable crossbeam (6) to form a die closing transmission structure; The adjusting cylinders (12) are symmetrically installed inside the movable workbench (9), and the front piston rod of the adjusting cylinder (12) is connected with the lower die seat (31) through a connecting frame (34) to form an auxiliary translation upsetting and adjusting structure; A double elbow lever force increasing mechanism is installed inside the movable crossbeam (6), and the double elbow lever force increasing mechanism and the upper die seat (18) are hinged to form a forging (36) variable direction upsetting structure; The upper die seat (18) of the top upsetting component forms a variable direction upsetting structure in cooperation with the double elbow lever force increasing mechanism; The upper bending cylinder (2) and the lower bending cylinder (11) of the central upsetting component respectively cooperate with the upper bending die locking seat (24) and the lower bending die locking seat (28) to form a vertical bending upsetting structure; The lower die seat (31) of the bottom upsetting component forms an auxiliary translation upsetting and adjusting structure in cooperation with the adjusting cylinder (12).

2. A full-fiber bending upset forging forming device for a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double elbow lever force increasing mechanism includes a double elbow lever slider (13), a double elbow lever (14), a double elbow lever connecting shaft (15) and a bushing (17); The double elbow lever slider (13) is installed at the upsetting position of the movable crossbeam (6). The front and rear end faces of the double elbow lever slider (13) form a hinged structure with the bushing (17) through the double elbow lever connecting shaft (15). The double elbow lever connecting shaft (15) is connected with the rear root rod body of the double elbow lever (14) through a double elbow lever connecting key (16). The variable direction upsetting rod body at the front end of the double elbow lever (14) forms a hinged installation structure with the upper die seat (18) through the double elbow lever connecting shaft (15), the double elbow lever connecting key (16) and the bushing (17).

3. The full-fiber bending upset forging forming device for crankshaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting protrusion extends along the outer circle of the double elbow lever connecting shaft (15) at the root of the double elbow lever (14), and the two side end faces of the limiting protrusion form an angular limiting contact structure with the double elbow lever slider (13).

4. A full-fiber bending upset forging forming device for a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: A set of openable connecting plates and friction plates are symmetrically hinged and installed on the shoulders of the upper bending die locking seat (24). The lower swing of the upper bending die locking seat (24) forms two wing-shaped structures, and two oppositely symmetric locking blocks (25) are installed at the lower part of the two wing-shaped structures; The lower bending die clamping seat (28) cooperates with the locking block (25) to have a locking fitting surface, and the locking fitting surface is used to fit the locking block (25) to form a locking contact structure of the bending die clamping seat; The upper bending die clamping seat (24) is connected to the piston rod of the upper bending cylinder (2) through a square punch (26); The square punch (26) is used to cooperate with the guiding flange (27) installed at the central position of the movable crossbeam (6) to form a vertical guiding structure; Guide rods (30) are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the lower bending die clamping seat (28), and the guide rods (30) are used to cooperate with the through holes of the moving workbench (9) to form a vertical displacement guiding structure.

5. A full-fiber bending upset forging forming device for a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower die seat (31) is connected to the piston rod at the front end of the adjusting cylinder (12) symmetrically installed on the moving workbench (9) in opposite directions through a connecting frame (34); A guiding hook (32) and a lubricating pair (33) are installed between the lower die seat (31) and the moving workbench (9).

6. A full-fiber bending upset forging forming device for a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tensioning cylinder (22) is arranged at the top of the movable crossbeam (6), a steel wire rope (20) is installed at the front end of the piston rod of the tensioning cylinder (22), the steel wire rope (20) is connected to the upper die seat (18) through a fixed pulley group, and a limit adjusting screw rod (23) is arranged at the rear part of the upper die seat (18); A die locking plate (29) is installed inside the middle part of the movable crossbeam (6), and the die locking plate (29) contacts the friction plate of the wing-shaped structure of the upper bending die clamping seat (24) during the upsetting forging process.

7. A full-fiber bending and upset forging forming device for a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guiding and lubricating pair (5) is installed on the machine body column (4), the guiding and lubricating pair (5) is used for guiding and lubricating contact during the vertical displacement of the movable crossbeam (6), and the machine body column (4) is tightly connected to the main machine top seat (1) and the main machine bottom seat (7) through a machine body tie rod (8).

8. A full-fiber bending upset forging forming device for a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the inner cavity positioning grooves of the upper die seat (18) and the lower die seat (31), a cavity die (39) and a positioning block (40) for forming a forging (36) can be inlaid and installed; when upsetting and forging a forging (36) with a smaller upsetting and forging turning diameter, a transition die sleeve (35) can be installed in the die seat positioning groove first, and then the cavity die (39) and the positioning block (40) required for forming can be inlaid.

9. A full-fiber bending and upset forging method for a crankshaft, characterized in that: Including a crankshaft full-fiber bending upsetting forming device according to any one of claims 1-8; The crankshaft full-fiber bending upsetting method includes the following steps: S1. Loading treatment for upsetting forging operation; extracting the upsetting parameter values and the upsetting process operation instruction card of the forging (36) to be upset, and inlaying and installing the cavity die (39) and the positioning block (40) in the inner cavity positioning groove of the die seat; The lower die seat component travels to the material waiting area along the guide rail (10) through the moving workbench (9) for loading; S2. Positioning, mold closing and clamping of the forging; Start the upsetting cylinder (3), and the piston rod of the upsetting cylinder (3) drives the movable crossbeam (6) to move vertically downward synchronously with the upper bending mold clamping seat (24) connected to the piston rod of the upper bending cylinder (2) through the square punch (26). The upper bending mold clamping seat (24) first moves to close the mold with the lower bending mold clamping seat (28) installed on the piston rod of the lower bending cylinder (11) and pauses to move downward. The movable crossbeam (6) continues to move downward until the upper mold base (18) closes with the lower mold base (31), and the mold clamping plate (29) presses the wing-shaped structure of the upper bending mold clamping seat (24) so that the locking block (25) locks the locking engagement surface of the lower bending mold clamping seat (28) to complete the mold clamping process. At this time, it is the starting forging position of upsetting; S3. Pre-treatment of forging upsetting parameters; Determine the actual parameters and process of forging (36) upsetting; S4. Auxiliary upsetting treatment of the double toggle force increasing mechanism; Start the synchronous action of the working cylinders. The displacement and the speed of the displacement during the bending and upsetting deformation need to match each other; When the upsetting composite working step is completed, the end position of the bending stroke has reached the bottom dead center of the entire bending and upsetting deformation process. At this time, the bending force reaches the maximum value. According to the force condition of the blank metal during the deformation process of this working step, since the upsetting angle between the double toggle (14) and the vertical displacement direction is continuously increasing, the upsetting force also increases from small to large and rises sharply, while the upsetting speed in the horizontal direction decreases significantly from fast to slow. The upsetting force in this process has not reached the maximum value of the entire deformation process; S5. Final upsetting treatment of the forging; After the auxiliary upsetting treatment of the double toggle force increasing mechanism, the upper bending cylinder 2 and the lower bending cylinder 11 do not perform any actions, and the double toggle (14) continues to push the mold base to move horizontally towards each other along the central axis of the machine tool until the end position of the upsetting stroke. At the end of this working step, the upsetting force also reaches the maximum value of the entire upsetting deformation process.

10. A full-fiber bending upset forging method of a crankshaft according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the auxiliary upsetting treatment process of the double toggle force increasing mechanism, the relationship between the vertical and horizontal displacement amounts during the pressurized upsetting process is uniquely determined by the angle between the double toggle (14) and the vertical direction; Therefore, during the upsetting process, ① represents the position and angle α1 of the double toggle at the initial upsetting, ② represents the position and angle α2 of the double toggle at the end of upsetting, and ③ represents the position and angle α of the double toggle at a certain instant during the process; the value of the double toggle length is "L"; "H" and "S" respectively represent the total displacement amounts in the vertical and horizontal directions, and "h" and "s" respectively represent the displacement amounts in the vertical and horizontal directions at a certain instant; it can be deduced that: H = H1 - H2 = L(cosα1 - cosα2) S = S2 - S1 = L(sinα2 - sinα1) Similarly, the vertical and horizontal displacement amounts of the double toggle at a certain instant during the upsetting process are respectively: h = L(cosα1 - cosα) s = L(sinα - sinα1) Then the vertical displacement speed v1 and the horizontal displacement speed v2 at this moment are respectively: Therefore: Where α1 ≤ α ≤ α2, during the upsetting deformation process, the velocity v1 of the moving crossbeam and the slider in the vertical displacement remains constant, while the velocity v2 of the die holder in the horizontal displacement is constantly changing. It decreases as the angle between the double toggle link and the vertical displacement direction increases. The resulting horizontal upsetting force is constantly increasing, and the increase in the horizontal upsetting force is compatible with the increase in the deformation resistance during the upsetting process, meeting the requirements of the crankshaft upsetting deformation.

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