Ultrahigh-water material, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrahigh-water material, a preparation method and application. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a material A; preparing to obtain a material B; and mixing the material A, the material B and magnetized water to prepare the ultrahigh-water material. The compressive strength, the water absorption rate and the self-cleaning efficiency of an existing ultrahigh-water material can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of material preparation, and specifically relates to a super-high water material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional super-high water materials mainly rely on components such as sulfoaluminate cement, and have problems such as low compressive strength, unstable water absorption rate, poor environmental adaptability, etc. In addition, the preparation process mostly uses simple mechanical mixing, making it difficult to precisely control the microstructure. Moreover, traditional super-high water materials mostly rely on high-energy-consuming raw materials (such as cement clinker) and chemical additives, with insufficient environmental protection and difficulty in meeting the requirements for high-performance and multi-functional materials in fields such as mine filling and ecological restoration. Therefore, developing a super-high water material with high strength, high water absorption, self-cleaning function, and environmental protection characteristics has become an important research direction in the current technical field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the main purpose of this application is to provide a super-high water material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof, aiming to improve the various performance indicators of existing super-high water materials.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A super-high water material, the super-high water material includes: a first material, a second material, and magnetized water with a mass ratio of 1:1:10:15; wherein, by mass, the first material includes: geopolmer gel: 40 - 50 parts; ionic liquid-modified montmorillonite: 5 - 8 parts; carbonized rice husk ash: 10 - 15 parts; nano-silica sol: 8 - 12 parts; cassava starch grafted acrylic acid / acrylamide copolymer: 15 - 25 parts; the second material includes: steel slag powder: 35 - 45 parts; desulfurized gypsum - red mud complex: 20 - 25 parts; disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate: 0.5 - 1 part; chitosan: 1 - 2 parts; photosensitive Schiff base crosslinking agent: 0.1 - 0.5 part; calcium alginate fiber: 8 - 12 parts; photocatalytic bentonite: 3 - 5 parts.

[0006] This application also provides a preparation method of a super-high water material, the preparation method includes: preparing the first material; preparing the second material; mixing the first material, the second material, and magnetized water to prepare the super-high water material.

[0007] Optionally, the preparation of the first material includes: adding cassava starch grafted acrylic acid / acrylamide copolymer and ammonium sulfate to the geopolymer gel, and reacting to obtain a geopolymer gel containing an in-situ graft copolymer network with cassava starch as the backbone and acrylic acid / acrylamide as the side chains; mixing the geopolymer gel containing the in-situ graft copolymer network with cassava starch as the backbone and acrylic acid / acrylamide as the side chains with carbonized rice husk ash, ionic liquid modified montmorillonite, and nano-silica sol to obtain the first material.

[0008] Optionally, the preparation of the second material includes: mixing steel slag powder with desulfurized gypsum-red mud complex, and calcining to obtain a steel slag-red mud composite cementitious material; dissolving disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, chitosan, and a photosensitive Schiff base crosslinking agent in a buffer solution, and simultaneously adding calcium alginate fibers, and irradiating with visible light to obtain a photo-responsive dynamic hydrogel; mixing the steel slag-red mud composite cementitious material with the photo-responsive dynamic hydrogel and photocatalytic bentonite, and pre-activating with ultraviolet light to obtain the second material.

[0009] Optionally, after mixing the steel slag powder with the desulfurized gypsum-red mud complex, it needs to be impregnated in a citric acid solution.

[0010] Optionally, the pH value of the buffer solution is equal to 6.

[0011] Optionally, the buffer solution includes any one of the following: phosphate buffer solution, acetate buffer solution, and citrate buffer solution.

[0012] Optionally, the preparation of the ultra-high water material includes: mixing the first material, the second material, and magnetized water to prepare a composite slurry; solidifying and molding the composite slurry to obtain a preliminary ultra-high water material; soaking the preliminary ultra-high water material in supercritical CO2 fluid to obtain the ultra-high water material.

[0013] Optionally, a SiO2 / TiO2 hybrid hydrophobic-photocatalytic coating is sprayed on the surface of the preliminary ultra-high water material after soaking in supercritical CO2 fluid.

[0014] This application also provides an application of the ultra-high water material, and the ultra-high water material is applied to the filling of mined-out areas in mines, roadway support, and tailings solidification.

[0015] This application can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0016] Through innovative component design and preparation process, this application provides an ultra-high water material with high strength, high water absorption rate, self-cleaning function, and environmental protection characteristics. This application can significantly improve the compressive strength and water absorption rate and other indicators of the existing ultra-high water materials, and at the same time can endow it with photocatalytic self-cleaning ability. The ultra-high water material prepared based on this application is suitable for high-value-added fields such as mine filling, ecological restoration, and intelligent buildings. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a super high water material provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed Embodiments

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0019] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0020] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0021] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present application.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application provides a super-high water material, which includes: a first material, a second material and magnetized water with a mass ratio of 1:1:10:15. Wherein, by mass fraction, the first material includes: geopolmer gel: 40-50 parts; ionic liquid modified montmorillonite: 5-8 parts; carbonized rice husk ash: 10-15 parts; nano-silica sol: 8-12 parts; cassava starch grafted acrylic acid / acrylamide copolymer: 15-25 parts; the second material includes: steel slag powder: 35-45 parts; desulfurized gypsum-red mud complex: 20-25 parts; disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate: 0.5-1 part; chitosan: 1-2 parts; photosensitive Schiff base crosslinking agent: 0.1-0.5 part; calcium alginate fiber: 8-12 parts; photocatalytic bentonite: 3-5 parts. Preferably, the first material includes: geopolmer gel: 50 parts; ionic liquid modified montmorillonite: 8 parts; carbonized rice husk ash: 12 parts; nano-silica sol: 12 parts; cassava starch grafted acrylic acid / acrylamide copolymer: 20 parts. The second material includes: steel slag powder: 45 parts; desulfurized gypsum-red mud complex: 22 parts; calcium alginate fiber: 10 parts; photocatalytic bentonite: 5 parts; disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate: 0.75 part; chitosan: 1.5 parts; photosensitive Schiff base crosslinking agent: 0.3 part; the ratio of the first material: the second material: magnetized water = 1:1:8.

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preparation method of a super-high water material provided by an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 1 shown, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0024] S100: Prepare and obtain the first material;

[0025] S200: Prepare and obtain the second material;

[0026] S300: Mix the first material, the second material and magnetized water to prepare and obtain the super-high water material.

[0027] Next, the present application combines Figure 1 and describes in detail the preparation method of the super-high water material through Examples 1 to 3.

[0028] Example 1:

[0029] Step 1: Prepare and obtain the first material:

[0030] Step 1.1: Mix fly ash, metakaolin and potassium carbonate-sodium silicate activator (mass ratio of 3:1:0.4) to obtain a mixture, add deionized water (liquid-solid ratio of 0.6) to the mixture, and then place it in a microwave reactor (2.45 GHz, power of 800 W), irradiate at 120 °C for 15 minutes to obtain geopolmer gel.

[0031] Step 1.2: Add 15 parts of cassava starch grafted acrylic acid / acrylamide copolymer (composed of cassava starch and acrylic acid / acrylamide synthesis monomers with a molar ratio of 3:1) and ammonium persulfate to 45 parts of geopolymer gel. Introduce nitrogen for protection and react at 70 °C under dynamic oscillation (200 rpm) for 3 hours to obtain a geopolymer gel containing an in-situ graft copolymer network with cassava starch as the backbone and acrylic acid / acrylamide as the side chains.

[0032] In this step, cassava starch, as a natural polymer, can provide a large number of active sites, which is conducive to the graft polymerization of acrylic acid / acrylamide synthesis monomers on it. Acrylic acid / acrylamide, as synthesis monomers, can undergo free radical polymerization on cassava starch under the action of the initiator ammonium persulfate to form a graft copolymer with cassava starch as the backbone and acrylic acid and acrylamide as the side chains. In addition, the purpose of introducing nitrogen is to avoid contact with oxygen during the reaction (oxygen will inhibit the free radical polymerization reaction). Based on this step, it is possible to make acrylic acid / acrylamide undergo a polymerization reaction in the presence of the geopolymer gel, and at the same time, cassava starch undergoes graft copolymerization, thereby forming an in-situ graft copolymer network with enhanced water absorption and mechanical properties in the geopolymer gel.

[0033] Step 1.3: Mix 45 parts of the geopolymer gel containing an in-situ graft copolymer network with cassava starch as the backbone and acrylic acid / acrylamide as the side chains with 10 parts of carbonized rice husk ash (formed into a hierarchical pore structure by CO2 laser etching), 5 parts of ionic liquid-modified montmorillonite, and 12 parts of nano-silica sol (particle size 20 nm). After performing ultrasonic-microwave synergistic treatment (40 kHz ultrasonic + 500 W microwave) for 30 minutes, obtain Material A.

[0034] In this step, the cavitation effect generated by ultrasonic waves (40 kHz) can form tiny bubbles in the liquid and then burst, generating local high pressure and high temperature, effectively dispersing particles (such as carbonized rice husk ash, ionic liquid-modified montmorillonite, nano-silica sol) and preventing agglomeration. Microwaves (500 W) cause polar molecules (such as water and ionic liquids) to rotate rapidly through the electromagnetic field, generating a thermal effect and promoting uniform heating of the whole material. The combination of ultrasonic dispersion and microwave heating can achieve uniform mixing of each material at the micro and macro scales, avoiding local overheating or uneven dispersion.

[0035] Step 2: Prepare Material B:

[0036] Step 2.1: Add 40 parts of steel slag micro-powder (specific surface area ≥ 500 m 2Mix 20 parts of steel slag powder (specific surface area: 400 m² / kg) with 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum - red mud composite (mass ratio of desulfurized gypsum to red mud is 2:1), add 0.1 mol / L citric acid solution and impregnate for 12 hours. After filtration, calcine at 200 °C for 1 hour to obtain the steel slag - red mud composite cementitious material.

[0037] In this step, there is often a layer of inert oxides (such as Fe2O3, SiO2) on the surface of the steel slag powder. As a weak organic acid, citric acid can dissolve these oxides, thereby exposing more active sites, which can improve the reactivity between the steel slag powder and the desulfurized gypsum - red mud composite, enabling sufficient reaction at a lower temperature (such as 200 °C) and reducing energy consumption. Moreover, more importantly, the carboxyl group (-COOH) in citric acid can form complexes with metal ions (such as Ca 2+ 、Fe 3+ ), which can promote the transformation of mineral phases during calcination (such as generating more cementitious mineral phases, such as C - S - H gel).

[0038] Step 2.2: Dissolve 0.75 parts of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA - 2Na), 1.5 parts of chitosan, and 0.3 parts of photosensitive Schiff base cross - linker (4 - formylphenylboronic acid) in a buffer solution with pH = 6 (such as phosphate buffer solution), and simultaneously add 8 parts of calcium alginate fiber. Trigger the formation of dynamic covalent bonds under visible light (450 nm LED) irradiation to obtain a photo - responsive dynamic hydrogel.

[0039] In this step, chitosan is a natural polysaccharide, and its solubility highly depends on the pH value. Under acidic conditions (pH < 6.5), the amino group (-NH2) of chitosan will be protonated to make it soluble in water; while under neutral or alkaline conditions, chitosan will precipitate. pH = 6 is close to the dissolution critical point of chitosan, which can not only ensure its dissolution but also avoid the negative impact of excessive acidification on the material properties. Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is a chelating agent, and its chelating ability is the strongest when close to neutral. In a buffer solution with pH = 6, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate can stably exist and effectively chelate metal ions to prevent their precipitation or inactivation. The photosensitive Schiff base cross - linker has the best reaction activity under weak acidic to neutral conditions (pH = 5 - 7) and can efficiently cross - link with the amino group of chitosan to form stable dynamic covalent bonds.

[0040] In summary, under strong acidic or strong alkaline conditions, chitosan may undergo hydrolysis or degradation, EDTA - 2Na may become ineffective, and the photosensitive Schiff base cross - linker may also have side reactions. The buffer solution with pH = 6 provides a mild reaction environment to avoid these problems.

[0041] Step 2.3: Mix 40 parts of steel slag - red mud composite cementitious material, 14 parts of photo-responsive dynamic hydrogel, and 3 parts of photocatalytic bentonite, and obtain Material B after ultraviolet pre-activation.

[0042] In this step, the photocatalytic bentonite usually contains photosensitive components (such as TiO2 or other semiconductor materials). Under ultraviolet light irradiation, these materials will generate electron-hole pairs, thereby triggering a photocatalytic reaction. Ultraviolet pre-activation can make more active sites form on the surface of the bentonite, enhance its photocatalytic performance, and lay a foundation for subsequent material applications (such as self-cleaning and pollutant degradation). In addition, the photo-responsive dynamic hydrogel contains photosensitive groups (such as Schiff base, azobenzene, etc.). Under ultraviolet light irradiation, these groups will undergo photochemical reactions (such as photolysis, photocrosslinking, or photoisomerization). Ultraviolet pre-activation can promote the formation of dynamic covalent bonds inside the hydrogel, thereby enhancing its mechanical strength and stability.

[0043] Step 3: Prepare the ultra-high water material:

[0044] Step 3.1: Mix Material A and Material B in a mass ratio of 1:1, then mix with magnetized water (water-cement ratio is 1:10), and magnetize it in a rotating magnetic field device (rotation speed 1000 rpm, magnetic field gradient 5 T / m) to obtain a composite slurry with a directionally enhanced structure;

[0045] Step 3.2: Cure and mold the composite slurry to obtain a preliminary product of the ultra-high water material;

[0046] In this step, the curing and molding of the composite slurry includes a first stage and a second stage. Among them, in the first stage, irradiate the composite slurry with an ultraviolet-visible dual-band light source (365 nm + 450 nm) for 20 minutes to activate the photocatalytic bentonite and the photo-responsive dynamic hydrogel, and form a preliminary cross-linking network, thereby endowing the ultra-high water material with photocatalytic and self-cleaning functions; in the second stage, cure the irradiated composite slurry in an environment with a temperature of 60°C to 80°C (gradually rising from 60°C to 80°C, increasing the temperature by 5°C per stage, with an interval of 2 hours) and a humidity of 60% to 90% (using gradient humidity control, that is, oxidizing in environments with humidities of 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% respectively) for 24 hours, so as to form a coordinated change of temperature and humidity (for example: 60°C / 60% → 65°C / 70% → 70°C / 80% → 75°C / 90% → 80°C / 90%), so as to trigger the dynamic bond recombination in the alkaline environment of the geopolymer, thereby ensuring the stability and durability of the ultra-high water material during actual use.

[0047] It should be noted that in this embodiment, by adopting the process of coordinated temperature and humidity change, firstly, it can avoid the internal stress concentration caused by sudden changes in temperature and humidity during the curing process of the ultra-high water material, reducing the formation of microcracks and defects; secondly, the gradually increasing temperature gradient can accelerate the reaction rate, while the change in humidity gradient ensures uniform distribution of water, avoiding local over-drying or over-wetting and forming a denser and more uniform microstructure; thirdly, it can regulate the formation and distribution of pores inside the ultra-high water material to form a hierarchical pore structure, thereby improving the water absorption rate and water retention capacity.

[0048] Step 3.3: Immerse the ultra-high water material semi-finished product in supercritical CO 2 fluid (31°C, 7.4 MPa) for 2 hours. Then, spray a SiO 2 / TiO 2 hybrid hydrophobic-photocatalytic coating on the surface of the immersed ultra-high water material semi-finished product to obtain the ultra-high water material.

[0049] In this step, supercritical CO2 fluid has extremely low surface tension and high diffusivity, and can penetrate into the micro-pores of the ultra-high water material semi-finished product to expand and optimize the pore structure, thereby improving the specific surface area and water absorption performance of the ultra-high water material. In addition, supercritical CO2 is an excellent solvent that can dissolve and remove organic residues (such as unreacted monomers, additives, etc.) in the ultra-high water material semi-finished product, thereby improving the purity and stability of the ultra-high water material. The SiO2 component in the SiO2 / TiO2 hybrid coating has hydrophobicity, which can significantly reduce the wettability of the surface of the ultra-high water material to form a hydrophobic surface. The hydrophobic surface can prevent the attachment of water and pollutants, thereby improving the durability and self-cleaning ability of the ultra-high water material. TiO2 is an efficient photocatalytic material that can generate strongly oxidizing reactive oxygen species (such as ·OH, O2 - ) under ultraviolet light irradiation to degrade organic pollutants, thereby maintaining the cleanliness of the surface of the ultra-high water material. In addition, the SiO2 / TiO2 hybrid coating has high hardness and wear resistance, which can protect the surface of the ultra-high water material from mechanical damage.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] Step 1: Prepare and obtain the first material:

[0052] Step 1.1: Mix fly ash, metakaolin and potassium carbonate-sodium silicate activator (mass ratio 2:1:0.4) to obtain a mixture. Add deionized water (liquid-solid ratio 0.6) to the mixture, and then place it in a microwave reactor (2.45 GHz, power 800 W) and irradiate it at 120°C for 15 minutes to obtain a geopolymer gel.

[0053] Step 1.2: Add 25 parts of cassava starch grafted acrylic acid / acrylamide copolymer (composed of cassava starch and synthesis monomers of acrylic acid / acrylamide with a molar ratio of 3:1) and ammonium persulfate to 40 parts of geopolymer gel. Protect it by introducing nitrogen, and react at 70 °C under dynamic oscillation (200 rpm) for 3 hours to obtain a geopolymer gel containing an in-situ graft copolymer network with cassava starch as the backbone and acrylic acid / acrylamide as the side chains.

[0054] Step 1.3: Mix the geopolymer gel containing an in-situ graft copolymer network with cassava starch as the backbone and acrylic acid / acrylamide as the side chains with 15 parts of carbonized rice husk ash, 6 parts of ionic liquid modified montmorillonite, and 8 parts of nano-silica sol (particle size 50 nm). After performing ultrasonic-microwave synergistic treatment (40 kHz ultrasonic + 500 W microwave) for 10 minutes, obtain the first component.

[0055] Step 2: Prepare the second component:

[0056] Step 2.1: Mix 35 parts of steel slag micro-powder (specific surface area ≥ 500 m 2 / kg) with 25 parts of desulfurized gypsum - red mud complex (mass ratio of desulfurized gypsum to red mud is 2:1). Add 0.2 mol / L citric acid solution and impregnate for 24 hours. After filtration, calcine at 150 °C for 2 hours to obtain a steel slag - red mud composite cementitious material.

[0057] Step 2.2: Dissolve 0.75 parts of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2Na), 1.5 parts of chitosan, and 0.3 parts of photosensitive Schiff base crosslinking agent (4-formylphenylboronic acid) in a buffer solution with pH = 6 (such as acetate buffer solution), and simultaneously add 12 parts of calcium alginate fiber. Trigger the formation of dynamic covalent bonds under visible light (450 nm LED) irradiation to obtain a photo-responsive dynamic hydrogel.

[0058] Step 2.3: Mix 35 parts of the steel slag - red mud composite cementitious material with 15 parts of the photo-responsive dynamic hydrogel and 4 parts of photocatalytic bentonite, and obtain the second component after ultraviolet pre-activation.

[0059] Step 3: Prepare the ultra-high water material:

[0060] Step 3.1: Mix the first component and the second component in a mass ratio of 1:1, then mix with magnetized water (water-cement ratio is 1:12), and place it in a rotating magnetic field device (rotation speed 1000 rpm, magnetic field gradient 5 T / m) for magnetization to obtain a composite slurry with a directional enhanced structure;

[0061] Step 3.2: Cure and mold the composite slurry to obtain a preliminary product of the ultra-high water material;

[0062] Step 3.3: Place the preliminary product of the ultra-high water material in supercritical CO2 Soak it in a fluid (31 °C, 7.4 MPa) for 2 hours. Then, spray SiO 2 / TiO 2 hybrid hydrophobic-photocatalytic coating on the surface of the soaked super-hydrophilic material to obtain a super-hydrophilic material.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] Step 1: Prepare the first material:

[0065] Step 1.1: Mix fly ash, metakaolin, and potassium carbonate-sodium silicate activator (mass ratio 4:1:0.4) to obtain a mixture. Add deionized water (liquid-solid ratio 0.6) to the mixture, and then place it in a microwave reactor (2.45 GHz, power 800 W) and irradiate it at 150 °C for 20 minutes to obtain a geopolymer gel.

[0066] Step 1.2: Add 20 parts of cassava starch-grafted acrylic acid / acrylamide copolymer (composed of cassava starch and monomers of acrylic acid / acrylamide with a molar ratio of 3:1) and ammonium persulfate to 50 parts of the geopolymer gel. Introduce nitrogen protection and react at 70 °C under dynamic oscillation (200 rpm) for 3 hours to obtain a geopolymer gel containing an in-situ graft copolymer network with cassava starch as the backbone and acrylic acid / acrylamide as the side chains.

[0067] Step 1.3: Mix the geopolymer gel containing an in-situ graft copolymer network with cassava starch as the backbone and acrylic acid / acrylamide as the side chains with 12 parts of carbonized rice husk ash, 8 parts of ionic liquid-modified montmorillonite, and 12 parts of nano-silica sol (particle size 50 nm). After treating with ultrasonic-microwave synergistic treatment (40 kHz ultrasound + 500 W microwave) for 10 minutes, obtain the first material.

[0068] Step 2: Prepare the second material:

[0069] Step 2.1: Mix 45 parts of steel slag micro-powder (specific surface area ≥500 m 2 / kg) with 22 parts of desulfurized gypsum-red mud complex (mass ratio of desulfurized gypsum to red mud is 2:1). Add 0.2 mol / L citric acid solution and impregnate for 24 hours. After filtration, calcine at 150 °C for 2 hours to obtain a steel slag-red mud composite cementitious material.

[0070] Step 2.2: Dissolve 0.75 parts of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2Na), 1.5 parts of chitosan, and 0.3 parts of photosensitive Schiff base crosslinking agent (4-formylphenylboronic acid) in a buffer solution with pH = 6 (such as citrate buffer solution), and simultaneously add 10 parts of calcium alginate fiber. Trigger the formation of dynamic covalent bonds under the irradiation of a tunable laser light source (with a continuously tunable wavelength of 365 nm to 450 nm) to obtain a photo-responsive dynamic hydrogel.

[0071] In this step, a tunable laser light source is used to replace the fixed-band LED, and the light intensity and time are dynamically adjusted, which can optimize the crosslinking efficiency of photocatalytic bentonite and the dynamic hydrogel.

[0072] Step 2.3: Mix 45 parts of steel slag - red mud composite cementitious material, 12 parts of photo-responsive dynamic hydrogel, and 5 parts of photocatalytic bentonite, and obtain the B component after ultraviolet pre-activation.

[0073] Step 3: Prepare a super high water content material:

[0074] Step 3.1: Mix the A component and the B component according to a mass ratio of 1:1, then mix with magnetized water (the water-cement ratio is 1:8), and place it in a rotating magnetic field device (rotation speed 1000 rpm, magnetic field gradient 10 T / m) for magnetization to obtain a composite paste with a directionally enhanced structure;

[0075] Step 3.2: Cure and mold the composite paste to obtain a preliminary product of the super high water content material;

[0076] Step 3.3: Immerse the preliminary product of the super high water content material in supercritical CO 2 fluid (31 °C, 7.4 MPa) for 3 hours. Then, spray a SiO 2 / TiO 2 hybrid hydrophobic - photocatalytic coating on the surface of the immersed super high water content material to obtain the super high water content material.

[0077] It should be noted that as an improvement, in this embodiment, a temperature-sensitive polymer (such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)) is added to the prepared A component, so that the water absorption rate of the super high water content material can be dynamically adjusted with temperature (such as shrinking and releasing water at high temperature, expanding and storing water at low temperature). And a pH-responsive photosensitizer (such as azobenzene derivatives) is introduced into the prepared B component to achieve an adaptive improvement in the self-cleaning efficiency of the super high water content material in acidic or alkaline environments.

[0078] Next, the present application compares the performance of the super high water content materials prepared in Examples 1 to 3, as shown in Table 1 specifically:

[0079] Table 1

[0080] Example Compressive strength (MPa) Water absorption rate (%) Self-cleaning efficiency (%) Example 1 17.5 580 88 Example 2 15.2 680 92 Example 3 21.3 520 95

[0081] As can be seen from Table 1, the compressive strength of Example 3 is significantly higher than that of Example 1 and Example 2, with a 22% increase compared to Example 1 and a 40% increase compared to Example 2, indicating that it is more suitable for load-bearing or structural applications (such as mine filling, building repair). The water absorption rate of Example 2 is the best, with a 17% increase compared to Example 1 and a 31% increase compared to Example 3, and it is suitable for environmental restoration scenarios with rapid water absorption (such as sewage filtration, soil water retention). The water absorption rate of Example 3 is the lowest (520%), but its high strength compensates for the insufficient water absorption. The self-cleaning efficiency of Example 3 and Example 2 far exceeds that of Example 1, and it is suitable for pollution control or outdoor building materials (such as self-cleaning walls, photocatalytic degradation of pollutants).

[0082] Based on comprehensive judgment, the compressive strength and self-cleaning efficiency of Example 3 are the best. Although the water absorption rate of Example 3 is the lowest, it is still higher than that of conventional materials (such as the water absorption rate of traditional cement-based materials < 200%). Therefore, the ultra-high water material prepared based on Example 3 in this application is the best.

[0083] Furthermore, in this application, a comparison was made between the ultra-high water material prepared by this method and the traditional ultra-high water material, and the comparison results are shown in Table 2:

[0084] Table 2

[0085] Performance index The ultra-high water material of the present application Traditional ultra-high water material Compressive strength (MPa) 17.5 - 21.3 MPa 5 - 10 MPa Water absorption rate (%) 520％～680％ 200％～400％ Self-cleaning efficiency (%) 88％～95％ <50％

[0086] As can be seen from Table 2, the ultra-high water material prepared based on the method described in this application is superior to the traditional ultra-high water material in terms of compressive strength, water absorption rate, and self-cleaning efficiency.

[0087] In addition, this application also provides an application of the ultra-high water material, and the ultra-high water material is applied to the filling of mined-out areas in mines, roadway support, and tailings solidification.

[0088] As shown in Table 1, the ultra-high water material prepared in this application has good performance in terms of compressive strength, water absorption rate, and environmental protection, and can effectively solve the technical problems in the filling of mined-out areas in mines, roadway support, and tailings solidification, quickly absorb and solidify accumulated water, support the overlying strata, solidify tailings particles, prevent surface collapse and tailings dam break, and at the same time reduce secondary pollution, providing reliable support for the safety, environmental protection, and sustainable development of mines.

[0089] The above are only the preferred embodiments of this application, and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of this application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be included in the patent protection scope of this application by the same token.

Claims

1. A super high water material, characterized in that, The ultra-high water material includes: a material A, a material B, and magnetized water with a mass ratio of 1:1:10:

15. Among them, by mass, the material A includes: Geopolymer gel: 40 - 50 parts; Ionic liquid modified montmorillonite: 5 - 8 parts; Carbonized rice husk ash: 10 - 15 parts; Nanosilica sol: 8 - 12 parts; Cassava starch grafted acrylic acid / acrylamide copolymer: 15 - 25 parts; The material B includes: Steel slag powder: 35 - 45 parts; Desulfurized gypsum - red mud complex: 20 - 25 parts; Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate: 0.5 - 1 part; Chitosan: 1 - 2 parts; Photosensitive Schiff base crosslinking agent: 0.1 - 0.5 part; Calcium alginate fiber: 8 - 12 parts; Photocatalytic bentonite: 3 - 5 parts.

2. A preparation method of a super high water material, characterized in that, The preparation method includes: Preparing the material A; Preparing the material B; Mixing the material A, the material B, and magnetized water to prepare the ultra-high water material.

3. The preparation method of the ultra-high water material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation of the material A includes: Adding cassava starch grafted acrylic acid / acrylamide copolymer and ammonium sulfate to the geopolymer gel, and reacting to obtain a geopolymer gel containing an in-situ graft copolymer network with cassava starch as the backbone and acrylic acid / acrylamide as the side chains; Mixing the geopolymer gel containing the in-situ graft copolymer network with cassava starch as the backbone and acrylic acid / acrylamide as the side chains with carbonized rice husk ash, ionic liquid modified montmorillonite, and nanosilica sol to obtain the material A.

4. The preparation method of the ultra-high water material according to claim 2, wherein The preparation of the material B includes: Mixing steel slag powder with desulfurized gypsum - red mud complex, and calcining to obtain a steel slag - red mud composite cementitious material; Dissolving disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, chitosan, and photosensitive Schiff base crosslinking agent in a buffer solution, and simultaneously adding calcium alginate fiber, and obtaining a light-responsive dynamic hydrogel after visible light irradiation; Mixing the steel slag - red mud composite cementitious material with the light-responsive dynamic hydrogel and photocatalytic bentonite, and obtaining the material B after ultraviolet pre-activation.

5. The preparation method of the ultra-high water material according to claim 4, characterized in that After mixing the steel slag powder with the desulfurized gypsum - red mud complex, it needs to be impregnated in a citric acid solution.

6. The preparation method of the ultra-high water material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pH value of the buffer solution is equal to 6.

7. The preparation method of the ultra-high water material according to claim 4, characterized in that The buffer solution includes any one of the following: phosphate buffer solution, acetate buffer solution, and citrate buffer solution.

8. The preparation method of the ultra-high water material according to claim 2, characterized in that The preparation of the ultra-high water material includes: Mixing the material A, the material B, and magnetized water to prepare a composite slurry; Solidifying and shaping the composite slurry to obtain a preliminary product of the ultra-high water material; Soaking the preliminary product of the ultra-high water material in supercritical CO2 fluid to obtain the ultra-high water material.

9. The preparation method of the ultra-high water material according to claim 8, characterized in that, Spraying a SiO2 / TiO2 hybrid hydrophobic - photocatalytic coating on the surface of the preliminary product of the ultra-high water material after soaking in supercritical CO2 fluid.

10. Application of a super high water material, characterized in that, The ultra-high water material is applied to the filling of mined - out areas in mines, roadway support, and tailings solidification.

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