High-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of alloy preparation. The copper-chromium-zirconium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.90%-3.48% of chromium, 0.10% of zirconium and the balance of copper. The preparation method comprises the steps that copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with low chromium content and copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with high chromium content are mixed and then subjected to vacuum drying, then laser powder bed melting forming and aging treatment are conducted under different parameters, and finally the high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy with different chromium contents is obtained. According to the method, the solid solubility of chromium in the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is remarkably improved in the laser powder bed melting forming process by accurately regulating and controlling the chromium content in the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder. The copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is formed by adopting a series of different process parameters, and the tensile strength-electric conductivity-elongation comprehensive performance of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy can be greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of alloy preparation, and particularly to a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is widely used in high-tech fields such as integrated circuit lead frames, aerospace engines, and high-efficiency heat exchangers due to its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and relatively high strength. As a typical precipitation-strengthened alloy, the strength improvement of copper-chromium-zirconium alloy mainly depends on the precipitation of chromium atoms in the solid solution state, forming the strengthening effect of nanoscale precipitation phases. However, the solubility of chromium in the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy prepared by traditional processes is relatively low, resulting in unsatisfactory subsequent precipitation strengthening effects and difficult to meet the increasing demand for performance in high-tech fields.

[0003] Laser powder bed fusion technology, as an advanced additive manufacturing technology, involves rapid melting and solidification processes, with a cooling rate as high as 10 to the 6th to 10 to the 8th Kelvin per second, significantly increasing the solubility of alloying elements in the matrix. Therefore, in the research on preparing high-performance copper-chromium-zirconium alloys, this technology has received extensive attention. By adjusting the content of alloying elements, the performance of copper-chromium-zirconium alloy can be further improved. Currently, the raw materials used in laser powder bed fusion technology are mainly prefabricated alloy powders or mechanical mixed powders of pure metal powders. Both of these powders can adjust the content of alloying elements, but they each have limitations. Prefabricated alloy powders require multiple processes such as smelting, casting, forging, and gas atomization. If powders with different alloying element contents need to be prepared, the cost will increase significantly; while mechanical mixing of pure metal powders in different proportions can prepare powders with the required alloying element contents, but it may lead to uneven composition and poor sphericity, thus affecting the forming performance. Therefore, how to find a balance between preparation cost and application performance has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, to solve the technical problem that it is difficult for copper-chromium-zirconium alloy in the prior art to balance high strength and high electrical conductivity, on the one hand, the present invention provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy, and the comprehensive performance of tensile strength - electrical conductivity - elongation of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is significantly improved by regulating the chromium content in the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy, by mass percentage, comprises the following components: chromium is 0.90% - 3.48%, zirconium is 0.10%, and the balance is copper.

[0007] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step (1): Mix copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powders with low chromium and high chromium contents in different proportions to obtain a mixed powder;

[0009] Step (2): Perform vacuum drying treatment on the mixed powder obtained in step (1) to obtain an alloy powder;

[0010] Step (3): Use laser powder bed fusion to form the alloy powder obtained in step (2) to obtain copper-chromium-zirconium alloys with different chromium contents. Among them, the laser power P for laser powder bed fusion is 350 - 425 W, the scanning speed V is 300 - 900 mm / s, the scanning spacing h is 0.1 mm, and the layer thickness s is 0.03 mm;

[0011] Step (4): Perform aging heat treatment on the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy obtained in step (3) to obtain a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the mass ratio of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with low chromium content to the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with high chromium content is (3.8 - 7.8)(2.2 - 6.2).

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the composition ratio of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with low chromium content is: Cr is 0.90 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, and the balance is Cu.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the composition ratio of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with high chromium content is: Cr is 5.04 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, and the balance is Cu.

[0015] Preferably, in step (1), stearic acid accounting for 0.5% - 1% of the total mass of the mixed powder is also added.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powders with low chromium and high chromium contents are ball-milled and mixed.

[0017] Preferably, the ball-milling conditions are: the rotation speed of the ball mill is 200 - 300 r / min, the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is 3:1, and the ball-milling time is 6 - 8 h.

[0018] Preferably, in step (2), the vacuum drying treatment is: placing the mixed powder in step (1) in a drying oven, evacuating the air and drying at 80°C for 4 h.

[0019] Preferably, in step (4), the process of aging heat treatment is: for the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy prepared in step (3) in a vacuum environment, adopting an air-cooling cooling method, and performing aging heat treatment at a temperature of 500°C for 2 h in a protective atmosphere.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0021] The high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy provided by the present invention has successfully achieved a significant improvement in key performance indicators such as the tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and elongation of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy by carefully regulating the chromium content in the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder, thereby greatly improving the overall performance of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy.

[0022] The preparation method involved in the present invention has achieved a significant increase in the solid solubility of chromium in the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy during the laser powder bed fusion forming process by precisely regulating the chromium content in the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder. By using a series of different process parameters to form the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and conducting detailed tests and optimizations on the forming parameters, the adverse effects that macroscopic defects may have on the alloy performance have been successfully eliminated, thereby effectively improving the macroscopic performance of the alloy. After aging heat treatment, the method of the present invention has enabled the formation of a high volume fraction of nano-scale precipitates in the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy. This significant microstructural change has greatly improved the overall performance of the alloy. The finally obtained copper-chromium-zirconium alloy exhibits excellent comprehensive performance. Compared with the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy in the prior art, the present invention has greatly improved the comprehensive performance of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy in terms of tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and elongation, bringing a revolutionary improvement to the application fields of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy.

[0023] The present invention has prepared a high-performance copper-chromium-zirconium alloy material by precisely regulating the chromium content. In this process, we have ensured that the final product contains a high volume fraction of dual-scale nano-scale chromium precipitates. This special precipitate structure can effectively play a strengthening role on the alloy matrix through its unique size and distribution. Due to this strengthening effect, key performance indicators such as the tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and elongation of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy have been significantly improved, thereby achieving excellent mechanical strength and ductility while maintaining high electrical conductivity. This improvement in comprehensive performance makes the alloy have broad application prospects in the fields of electronics, electric power, and aerospace. Detailed implementation manners

[0024] The present invention provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy, which includes the following components by mass percentage: chromium is 0.90% - 3.48%, zirconium is 0.10%, and the balance is copper, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%. For example, Cr is 3.48 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, and the balance is Cu. Another example is that Cr is 1.82 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, and the balance is Cu. There are also extremely small amounts of trace elements and impurities, etc., which can be ignored.

[0025] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Step (1): Mix copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powders with low chromium and high chromium contents in different proportions to obtain a mixed powder. Among them, the proportion of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with low chromium content is: Cr is 0.90 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, and the balance is Cu. The proportion of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with high chromium content is: Cr is 5.04 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, and the balance is Cu. The mass ratio of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with low chromium content to the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with high chromium content is (3.8 - 7.8):(2.2 - 6.2).

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powders with low chromium and high chromium contents are ball-milled in a ball mill. The ball mill is preferably a planetary ball mill. The rotation speed of the ball mill is 200 - 300 r / min. The ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is 3:1, and the ball milling time is 6 - 8 h. It is preferred to evacuate and introduce argon during ball milling.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, to prevent agglomeration, stearic acid is added as a process control agent during the ball milling process. In terms of mass percentage, the mass of stearic acid is 0.5% - 1% of the total mass of the mixed powder in step (1).

[0029] Step (2): Perform vacuum drying treatment on the mixed powder obtained in step (1) to obtain an alloy powder. Among them, the vacuum drying treatment can specifically be:

[0030] Place the mixed powder obtained in step (1) in an oven, evacuate, and dry at 80 °C for 4 h.

[0031] Step (3): Use laser powder bed fusion to form the alloy powder obtained in step (2) to obtain copper-chromium-zirconium alloys with different chromium contents. Among them, the laser power P for laser powder bed fusion is 350 - 425 W, the scanning speed V is 300 - 900 mm / s, the scanning spacing h is 0.1 mm, and the layer thickness s is 0.03 mm. Among them, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, step (3) can be selected as:

[0032] During laser powder bed fusion, the chamber is filled with nitrogen to make the oxygen content below 100 ppm. The process parameters are laser power P = 350 - 425 W, scanning speed V = 300 - 900 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0033] Step (4): Perform aging heat treatment on the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy prepared in step (3) to obtain a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the process of aging heat treatment is as follows: The copper-chromium-zirconium alloy prepared in step (3) is air-cooled in a vacuum environment and subjected to aging heat treatment at a temperature of 500 °C for 2 h in a protective atmosphere.

[0034] The present invention will be clearly and detailedly described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that all raw materials used in the present invention, without special instructions, are conventional raw materials known in the art. The CuCrZr prefabricated alloy powder is produced by Shaanxi Srui New Materials Co., Ltd. The proportion of the prefabricated alloy powder with low chromium content is: Cr is 0.90 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, and the balance is Cu, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%. The proportion of the prefabricated alloy powder with high chromium content is: Cr is 5.04 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, and the balance is Cu, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and its preparation method, the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0038] Step (1): Ball-mill and mix the powders: Mix the copper-chromium-zirconium powders with low and high chromium contents in a mass ratio of 7.8:2.2, and perform ball milling on a planetary ball mill to make the mixture uniform; during ball milling, the rotation speed of the planetary ball mill is 200 r / min, the ball-to-material ratio is 3:1, the ball milling time is 6 h, vacuum is pumped and argon is introduced during ball milling, and stearic acid is added, and the mass of stearic acid is 0.5% of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0039] Step (2): Dry the mixed powder: Perform drying treatment on the mixed powder. Place the copper-chromium-zirconium mixed powder in a drying oven, evacuate and dry at 80 °C for 4 h.

[0040] Step (3): Laser powder bed fusion forming: Form the mixed powder in step (2), fill the chamber with nitrogen to make the oxygen content below 100 ppm, and prepare a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 400 W, scanning speed V = 500 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0041] Step (4): Aging treatment: The copper-chromium-zirconium alloy prepared in step (3) is air-cooled in a vacuum environment and subjected to aging heat treatment at a temperature of 500 °C for 2 h in a protective atmosphere to obtain a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy.

[0042] In this embodiment, the finally obtained high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Cr is 1.82 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, the balance is Cu, and a small amount of trace elements can be ignored, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0045] In this embodiment, the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 350 W, scanning speed V = 300 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0048] In this embodiment, the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 350 W, scanning speed V = 900 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0051] In this embodiment, the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 425 W, scanning speed V = 300 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0052] Example 5

[0053] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0054] In this embodiment, the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 425 W, scanning speed V = 900 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0055] Example 6

[0056] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: the components are different, and step (1) is different.

[0057] In this embodiment, step (1) is specifically: mixing low-chromium and high-chromium content copper-chromium-zirconium powders in a mass ratio of 5.8:4.2, and performing ball milling on a planetary ball mill to make the mixture uniform; during ball milling, the rotation speed of the planetary ball mill is 200 r / min, the ball-to-material ratio is 3:1, the ball milling time is 6 h, vacuum is pumped and argon is introduced during ball milling, and stearic acid is added. The mass of stearic acid is 0.5% of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0058] In this embodiment, the finally prepared high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Cr is 2.62 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, the balance is Cu, and there are also a small amount of trace elements that can be ignored. The sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0059] Embodiment 7

[0060] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 6, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0061] In this embodiment, the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 350 W, scanning speed V = 300 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0062] Embodiment 8

[0063] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 6, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0064] In this embodiment, the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 350 W, scanning speed V = 900 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0065] Embodiment 9

[0066] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 6, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0067] In this embodiment, a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 425 W, scanning speed V = 300 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0068] Example 10

[0069] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The method is basically the same as that of Example 6, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0070] In this embodiment, a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 425 W, scanning speed V = 900 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0071] Example 11

[0072] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: the components are different and step (1) is different.

[0073] In this embodiment, step (1) is specifically: mixing low-chromium and high-chromium content copper-chromium-zirconium powders in a mass ratio of 3.8:6.2, and performing ball milling on a planetary ball mill to make the mixture uniform; during ball milling, the rotation speed of the planetary ball mill is 200 r / min, the ball-to-material ratio is 3:1, the ball milling time is 6 h, vacuum is pumped and argon is introduced during ball milling, and stearic acid is added. The mass of stearic acid is 0.5% of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0074] In this embodiment, the finally obtained high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Cr is 3.48 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, the balance is Cu, and there are also a small amount of trace elements that can be ignored. The sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0075] Example 12

[0076] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The method is basically the same as that of Example 11, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0077] In this embodiment, a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 350 W, scanning speed V = 300 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0078] Example 13

[0079] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 11, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0080] In this embodiment, the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 350 W, scanning speed V = 900 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0081] Example 14

[0082] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 11, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0083] In this embodiment, the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 425 W, scanning speed V = 300 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0084] Example 15

[0085] This embodiment provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 11, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0086] In this embodiment, the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 425 W, scanning speed V = 900 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] This comparative example provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: the components are different and step (1) is different.

[0089] In this embodiment, step (1) is specifically: only the copper-chromium-zirconium powder with low chromium content is ball-milled. During ball-milling, the rotation speed of the planetary ball mill is 200 r / min, the ball-to-powder ratio is 3:1, the ball-milling time is 6 h, vacuum is pumped and argon is introduced during ball-milling, and stearic acid is added. The mass of stearic acid is 0.5% of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0090] In this embodiment, the finally obtained high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Cr is 0.90 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, the balance is Cu, and there are also a small amount of trace elements that can be ignored. The sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0091] Comparative Example 2

[0092] This comparative example provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and its preparation method. This method is basically the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0093] In this comparative example, a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 350 W, scanning speed V = 300 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0094] Comparative Example 3

[0095] This comparative example provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and its preparation method. This method is basically the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0096] In this comparative example, a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 350 W, scanning speed V = 900 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0097] Comparative Example 4

[0098] This comparative example provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and its preparation method. This method is basically the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0099] In this comparative example, a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 425 W, scanning speed V = 300 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0100] Comparative Example 5

[0101] This comparative example provides a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy and its preparation method. This method is basically the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that: the forming process parameters in step (3) are different.

[0102] In this comparative example, a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy is prepared under the forming process parameters of laser power P = 425 W, scanning speed V = 900 mm / s, scanning spacing h = 0.1 mm, and layer thickness s = 0.03 mm.

[0103] The following conclusions can be drawn from the above examples and comparative examples:

[0104] (A) The alloy properties of Example 1, Example 6, Example 11 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1:

[0105] Table 1. Influence results of different components on the properties of copper-chromium-zirconium alloy

[0106] Parameter Tensile strength (unit: MPa) Conductivity (unit: %IACS) Elongation (unit: %) Example 1 751.0 70.3 7.4 Example 6 740.0 69.4 12.7 Example 11 719.2 71.5 16.3 Comparative Example 1 586.7 71.4 17.1

[0107] As can be seen from Table 1, the Cr content has a significant impact on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy. The tensile strength of the high-chromium-content copper-chromium-zirconium alloys in Example 1, Example 6, and Example 11 is much higher than that of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy with a traditional alloy composition (chromium content less than 1 wt%) in Comparative Example 1. And the electrical conductivity is not significantly adversely affected.

[0108] The increase in tensile strength benefits from the pinning effect of nano-scale precipitates on dislocations. At the same time, the scattering effect of precipitates on electrons is weaker than that of solute atoms, and the overall scattering effect of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy on electrons is weakened, maintaining the electrical conductivity. Considering the synergistic strengthening effects of tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and elongation, it is considered that a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy with excellent comprehensive properties is obtained in the examples.

[0109] The alloy properties of Examples 1-15 and Comparative Examples 1-5 are shown in Table 2 below:

[0110] Table 2. Influence results of different components and forming process parameters on the properties of copper-chromium-zirconium alloy

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] As can be seen from Table 2:

[0114] Comparing Examples 1 to 5, it is found that the forming process parameters have a great influence on the properties of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy. Compared with Example 1, the forming process parameters of Examples 2 to 5 deviate from the optimal process parameters, resulting in a deterioration of the comprehensive properties of the alloy. The above phenomenon is also shown in the two-component copper-chromium-zirconium alloys prepared under different forming processes.

[0115] Comparing Example 1, Example 6, and Example 11, it is found that under the same forming process parameters, different-component alloys have their own advantages in tensile strength or elongation, and the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy with a suitable composition can be selected according to requirements.

[0116] The above; only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention; but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention; according to the technical solution of the present invention and its improved conceptions, equivalent substitutions or changes should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy, characterized in that, By mass percentage, it includes the following components: chromium is 0.90% - 3.48%, zirconium is 0.10%, and the balance is copper.

2. The preparation method of a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step (1): Mix copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powders with low chromium content and high chromium content in different proportions to obtain mixed powders. Step (2): Perform vacuum drying treatment on the mixed powders prepared in step (1) to obtain alloy powders. Step (3): Use laser powder bed fusion to form the alloy powders prepared in step (2) to obtain copper-chromium-zirconium alloys with different chromium contents. Among them, the laser power P for laser powder bed fusion is 350 - 425 W, the scanning speed V is 300 - 900 mm / s, the scanning spacing h is 0.1 mm, and the layer thickness s is 0.03 mm. Step (4): Perform aging heat treatment on the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy prepared in step (3) to obtain a high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy.

3. The high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy according to claim 2, wherein In step (1), the mass ratio of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with low chromium content to the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with high chromium content is (3.8 - 7.8)(2.2 - 6.2).

4. A high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy according to claim 2, wherein In step (1), the composition ratio of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with low chromium content is: Cr is 0.90 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, and the balance is Cu.

5. A high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (1), the composition ratio of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder with high chromium content is: Cr is 5.04 wt%, Zr is 0.10 wt%, and the balance is Cu.

6. A high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (1), stearic acid accounting for 0.5% - 1% of the total mass of the mixed powders is also added.

7. A high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (1), the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powders with low chromium content and high chromium content are ball-milled and mixed.

8. A high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ball-milling conditions are: the rotation speed of the ball mill is 200 - 300 r / min, the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is 3:1, and the ball-milling time is 6 - 8 h.

9. A high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (2), the vacuum drying treatment is: Place the mixed powders in step (1) in a drying oven, evacuate the air, and dry at 80°C for 4 h.

10. A high-performance additive manufacturing copper-chromium-zirconium alloy according to any one of claims 2-9, characterized in that, In step (4), the process of aging heat treatment is: For the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy prepared in step (3) in a vacuum environment, adopt an air-cooling method of cooling, and perform aging heat treatment at a temperature of 500°C for 2 h in a protective atmosphere.

Images