Ecological bank slope protection structure suitable for water conservancy project

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological bank slope protection structure suitable for water conservancy projects, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, the ecological bank slope protection structure comprises a slope body, and the ecological bank slope protection structure is sequentially provided with a vegetation layer, a substrate layer and a protection layer from top to bottom; a water guide channel is arranged in the slope body direction, the diameter of the water guide channel is 0.5-5 mm, the porosity of the water guide channel is 10%-30%, and the water guide channel is used for guiding seepage water and reinforcing the slope body; the tough bionic rib net coupling layer comprises polymer fiber ribs extending in the direction of the bank slope and flexible geonets distributed in a staggered mode, and the polymer fiber ribs and the flexible geonets are interwoven and fixed to the composite pore diversion locking layer; the variable-rigidity folding lattice layer is located below the toughness bionic rib net coupling layer and is composed of a plurality of supporting units which are connected with one another. The stability of the bank slope can be effectively guaranteed, meanwhile, the adaptability of the structure to hydrological conditions is improved, and ecological restoration is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and more specifically, to an ecological slope protection structure suitable for water conservancy projects. Background Art

[0002] Slope protection structures are widely used in water conservancy projects to prevent water flow erosion, maintain soil stability, and promote vegetation restoration. Traditional slope protection measures mainly include stone masonry slope protection, concrete retaining walls, ecological bag slope protection, and plant slope protection, etc. These structures have their own characteristics. For example, stone masonry slope protection and concrete retaining walls can provide high anti-scour ability, but often have a greater impact on the ecological environment, making it difficult for natural vegetation in the slope area to recover. In contrast, ecological bag slope protection and plant slope protection have improved the soil and water conservation effect to a certain extent, but in the case of high water flow impact or complex hydrological environments, the overall stability is still insufficient.

[0003] Existing slope protection technologies still have certain limitations in adapting to complex hydrological conditions. Some protection structures are prone to local instability under water flow impact, resulting in slope collapse or soil and water loss, affecting the long-term use effect. At the same time, the water permeability or drainage capacity of some materials is insufficient, easily causing water accumulation in the slope body, thereby weakening the protection ability. In addition, in the face of an environment with large water level changes, the adaptability of existing rigid or semi-rigid protection structures is limited, and it is difficult to balance slope stability and ecological restoration needs. Therefore, how to ensure the stability of the slope while improving the adaptability of the structure to hydrological conditions and promoting ecological restoration is a problem that needs to be solved in the current technological development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological slope protection structure suitable for water conservancy projects, which can effectively ensure the stability of the slope, while improving the adaptability of the structure to hydrological conditions and promoting ecological restoration.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An ecological slope protection structure suitable for water conservancy projects, including a slope body, and the slope protection structure is successively provided with the following from top to bottom:

[0007] A vegetation layer, which is composed of perennial herbaceous plants, shrubs or aquatic plants adapted to the water conservancy environment, and the vegetation roots extend to the lower matrix layer;

[0008] A matrix layer, including soil, sand and gravel mixture and a solidifying additive, with a thickness of 20 - 50 cm, and the surface has water-permeable pores conducive to vegetation growth;

[0009] A protection layer, located below the matrix layer, and the protection layer includes:

[0010] Composite pore diversion and locking layer, made of porous mixed materials, with water-conducting channels arranged along the slope direction inside. The diameter of the water-conducting channels is 0.5 - 5 mm, and the porosity is 10% - 30%, which is used for seepage water guidance and slope reinforcement;

[0011] Tough bionic tendon network coupling layer, including high molecular fiber tendons extending along the slope direction and flexible geotextile nets distributed in a staggered manner. The high molecular fiber tendons and the flexible geotextile nets are intertwined with each other and fixed on the composite pore diversion and locking layer;

[0012] Variable stiffness folding lattice layer, located below the tough bionic tendon network coupling layer, composed of multiple interconnected support units. There are movable connectors at the connection parts to adapt to slope deformation and adjust the support stiffness.

[0013] Furthermore, microbial agents are arranged both inside the matrix layer and in the voids of the variable stiffness folding lattice layer. The microbial agents include 5% - 15% calcium carbonate filler to form a bio-mineralized layer through microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation.

[0014] Furthermore, the high molecular fiber tendons in the tough bionic tendon network coupling layer are made of polyethylene or aramid materials. The high molecular fiber tendons and the flexible geotextile nets form an integral support structure through staggered weaving or bonding fixation methods.

[0015] Furthermore, the support units of the variable stiffness folding lattice layer are made of glass fiber reinforced composite materials or aluminum alloy materials. The support units include multiple polygonal frames. The movable connectors include elastic plates and locking screws. The two ends of the elastic plate are respectively arranged on adjacent polygonal frames. The elastic plate is in the shape of a Z-shaped plate body. A long strip-shaped adjustment hole is penetrated through the elastic plate. The locking screw is penetrated in the adjustment hole, and nuts are threadedly connected to both ends of the locking screw. The two nuts simultaneously abut against the elastic plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the movable connectors also include U-shaped clips and pull plates. The U-shaped clips are clamped on the Z-shaped parts of the elastic plates. The pull plates slide through the two ends of the U-shaped clips. The locking screw is simultaneously penetrated through the U-shaped clips and the pull plates, and the nuts respectively abut against the U-shaped clips and the pull plates.

[0017] Furthermore, a plurality of prefabricated pits and grooves are evenly arranged on the surface of the slope. The prefabricated pits and grooves are in the shape of being larger inside and smaller outside. An expandable bladder is placed in each prefabricated pit and groove. The expandable bladder is fixedly arranged below the variable stiffness folding lattice layer. The expandable bladder is made of flexible high molecular materials and is filled with water-swellable water-absorbing polymer particles inside to expand after absorbing water and closely fit with the inner wall of the prefabricated pit and groove.

[0018] Furthermore, the flexible geogrid in the tough bionic tendon network coupling layer adopts a three-dimensional staggered weaving structure, the thickness of the flexible geogrid is 2 - 5 mm, and an anti-corrosion coating is applied on the flexible geogrid.

[0019] Furthermore, the diameter of the polymer fiber tendon is 0.1 - 2 mm, and the mesh size of the flexible geogrid is 10 - 50 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, a plurality of anchoring columns are penetrated through the composite pore diversion and locking layer, the tough bionic tendon network coupling layer and the variable stiffness folding lattice layer in the protective layer. The front end of the anchoring column is in a sharp cone shape to insert into the slope body. A plurality of slurry overflow holes are opened at the front end of the anchoring column. The inside of the anchoring column is hollow and a grouting hole is opened at the rear end. A pressing plate is fixedly welded at the middle position of the anchoring column. The pressing plate is used to abut against the composite pore diversion and locking layer, and a plurality of barbs are fixedly arranged on one side of the pressing plate facing the composite pore diversion and locking layer.

[0021] Furthermore, a plurality of extension columns are evenly distributed on the peripheral wall of the anchoring column near the rear end.

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. Through the water diversion channel design of the composite pore diversion and locking layer, the present invention can guide the seepage water to drain out, reduce the water pressure inside the slope body, reduce the influence of water flow erosion on the slope body, and thus improve the overall stability of the slope body. The tough bionic tendon network coupling layer is woven by polymer fiber tendons and flexible geogrids, which can enhance the shear resistance and durability of the slope body and improve the overall stability of the structure. The variable stiffness folding lattice layer adopts movable connectors, enabling it to adjust the stiffness according to the deformation of the slope body, thereby reducing the risk of structural damage caused by foundation settlement or local deformation.

[0024] In addition, the substrate layer has good water permeability and environmental conditions suitable for vegetation growth. The roots of the vegetation layer can penetrate deep into the substrate layer, improve the soil consolidation ability, further enhance the anti-scouring ability of the bank slope, and achieve the coordinated unity of hydraulic engineering and ecological environment.

[0025] 2. The present invention further provides a microbial agent disposed inside the matrix layer and within the voids of the variable stiffness folded lattice layer, which contains 5%-15% calcium carbonate filler. Through microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation, a bio-mineralized layer is formed inside the matrix layer and the lattice layer. This bio-mineralized layer can enhance the cementation between soil particles, improve the erosion resistance and shear strength of the matrix layer, thereby further enhancing the stability of the slope. In addition, the activity of the microbial agent can promote the growth of vegetation roots, improve the success rate of vegetation colonization, and enable the vegetation layer and the matrix layer to form a more stable composite structure. At the same time, the formation of the bio-mineralized layer can reduce the loss of pore structure, improve the resistance of the slope to water flow erosion, make the overall protection structure more durable and ecologically adaptable, and effectively enhance the ecological sustainability of water conservancy projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ecological slope protection structure suitable for water conservancy projects provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part A in;

[0028] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable stiffness folded lattice layer in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable connecting member in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anchor column in the present invention;

[0031] Reference numerals: 1 - slope body, 2 - vegetation layer, 3 - matrix layer, 4 - protection layer, 5 - composite pore diversion and locking layer, 51 - water conduction channel, 6 - ductile bionic tendon network coupling layer, 61 - high molecular fiber tendon, 62 - flexible geogrid, 7 - variable stiffness folded lattice layer, 71 - support unit, 711 - polygonal frame, 72 - movable connecting member, 721 - elastic plate, 7211 - adjustment hole, 722 - locking screw, 723 - nut, 73 - U-shaped clamp, 74 - pull plate, 8 - prefabricated pit, 81 - expandable bladder, 811 - water-absorbing polymer particles, 9 - anchor column, 91 - overflow hole, 92 - grouting hole, 93 - pressing plate, 931 - barb, 94 - extension column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Components of the embodiments of the present invention usually described and illustrated in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment

[0035] The following is a reference to Figures 1-5 As shown, further described in combination with specific embodiments, this embodiment provides an ecological slope protection structure applicable to water conservancy projects to effectively improve the stability of the slope, enhance the adaptability of the structure to hydrological conditions, and promote ecological restoration. The slope protection structure successively includes the following from top to bottom along the slope body 1:

[0036] 1. Vegetation layer 2, which is composed of perennial herbaceous plants, shrubs or aquatic plants adapted to the water conservancy environment. These plants have developed root systems that can penetrate deep into the lower substrate layer 3 to enhance soil stability and anti-scour ability. The selected plants include slope protection plants with deeper roots (such as Pennisetum alopecuroides, Phragmites australis, and Typha orientalis), moisture-tolerant shrubs (such as Salix warburgii and Piptanthus concolor), and aquatic plants suitable for water area environments (such as Scirpus validus and Nymphaea tetragona). The selection of vegetation can be adjusted according to the hydrological environment and ecological conditions of the slope.

[0037] 2. Substrate layer 3, which is located below the vegetation layer 2 and is composed of a mixture of soil, sand and gravel, and a solidifying additive, with a thickness of 20 - 50 cm. The reasonable proportion of the materials in this layer can ensure water permeability and provide a good vegetation growth environment at the same time. The surface of the substrate layer 3 is designed with water-permeable pores conducive to vegetation growth to facilitate the smooth infiltration of rainwater or seepage water, reduce the erosion of the slope body 1 by surface runoff, and enhance the bonding force between the vegetation layer 2 and the substrate layer 3.

[0038] In addition, microbial inoculants are also incorporated into the substrate layer 3, which contain 5% - 15% calcium carbonate filler to form a bio-mineralized layer through microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation. This bio-mineralized layer can not only enhance the anti-erosion and anti-shear ability of the soil mass, but also promote the growth of vegetation roots, enabling them to better embed in the substrate layer 3 and further improving the overall stability of the slope body 1.

[0039] 3. The protective layer 4 is located below the substrate layer 3 and is mainly used to provide support and reinforcement for the structure of the slope body 1, preventing soil slip caused by water flow erosion. The protective layer 4 includes the following sub-structures:

[0040] The composite pore diversion and locking layer 5 is made of a porous mixed material and has a porosity of 10%-30%. Here, the porosity refers to the proportion of internal pores (voids) in the total volume of the material, usually expressed as a percentage. It reflects the permeability, water permeability, and water storage capacity of the material. The higher the porosity, the more voids there are inside the material, and water and air can pass through more easily. In the composite pore diversion and locking layer 5 in this embodiment, its porosity is 10%-30%, indicating that this layer has a certain water permeability and water conduction ability. Specifically:

[0041] Low porosity (close to 10%): The material is relatively dense and has low water permeability, mainly used to provide structural strength and control the infiltration rate of water flow to reduce soil erosion of the slope body 1.

[0042] High porosity (close to 30%): There are more voids inside the material, and the water permeability is stronger, which helps to quickly guide the seepage water, reduce the pore water pressure inside the slope body 1, and reduce the risk of slope body 1 slip caused by water accumulation.

[0043] By reasonably controlling the porosity, this structure can not only ensure the smooth discharge of water flow, prevent soil softening or landslides caused by water accumulation, but also maintain sufficient strength to stabilize the slope body 1, achieving the dual effects of slope body 1 reinforcement and hydrological regulation.

[0044] The composite pore diversion and locking layer 5 is provided with a water conduction channel 51 arranged along the direction of the slope body 1 inside, and the diameter of the water conduction channel 51 is 0.5-5 mm. This structure can effectively guide the discharge of seepage water, reduce the pore water pressure inside the slope body 1, avoid soil loss caused by water flow scouring, and improve the reinforcement effect of the overall slope body 1.

[0045] The ductile bionic tendon network coupling layer 6 is located below the composite pore diversion and locking layer 5 and includes polymer fiber tendons 61 extending along the slope direction and flexible geogrids 62 distributed in a staggered manner. The polymer fiber tendons 61 and the flexible geogrids 62 are intertwined with each other and fixed to the composite pore diversion and locking layer 5 to form a reinforcement structure with high ductility and strong tensile performance. This structure can effectively resist the shear deformation of the slope body 1 under external forces, improve the overall anti-scouring ability, and enable the slope to better adapt to complex hydrological conditions.

[0046] The variable stiffness folded lattice layer 7 is located below the tough bionic rib mesh coupling layer 6 and is composed of a plurality of interconnected support units 71. A movable connector 72 is provided between each support unit 71, so that the layer can be adaptively adjusted according to the deformation of the slope 1 and adjust its own support stiffness. The movable connector 72 can buffer the structural stress when the foundation settles or deforms locally, reduce the structural damage caused by uneven force on the rigid support, and further improve the overall stability of the slope.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, microbial agents are arranged inside the matrix layer 3 and in the gaps of the variable stiffness folded lattice layer 7, and the microbial agents include 5%-15% calcium carbonate filler to form a biomineralization layer by inducing calcium carbonate precipitation through microorganisms. The formation of the biomineralization layer can effectively improve the anti-scouring ability of the matrix layer 3 and enhance its overall structural stability. Under appropriate humidity and temperature conditions, the microbial agents will gradually promote the deposition of calcium carbonate, so that the particles of the matrix layer 3 are consolidated, the erosion resistance of the matrix layer 3 is improved, and at the same time, it is helpful for the attachment and growth of plant roots, and further promotes the ecological restoration of the bank slope.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the polymer fiber tendons 61 in the tough bionic tendon mesh coupling layer 6 are made of polyethylene or aramid material, which has high strength, corrosion resistance and good durability, and can adapt to complex hydrological environments for a long time. The polymer fiber tendons 61 and the flexible geonet 62 form an overall support structure through interlaced weaving or bonding fixation. Among them, the interlaced weaving method can improve the flexibility of the overall structure, making it more adaptable to the deformation requirements of the slope 1, and the bonding fixation method can enhance the local tensile strength and prevent the structure from loosening or falling off under long-term stress. This structure can not only effectively disperse external loads and prevent local stress concentration, but also improve the overall anti-slip ability of the slope 1, providing a better slope protection effect in a water conservancy environment.

[0049] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the support unit 71 of the variable stiffness folded lattice layer 7 is made of glass fiber reinforced composite material or aluminum alloy material, both of which have high strength and corrosion resistance, can meet the long-term use requirements in water conservancy environment, and reduce the overall weight while maintaining structural stability, thereby reducing the additional load on the slope 1. The support unit 71 includes a plurality of polygonal frames 711. In this embodiment, the polygonal frames 711 are preferably regular hexagons, which can evenly disperse the external pressure when subjected to force, improve the overall anti-deformation ability of the lattice layer, and enhance the fit with the slope 1.

[0050] As an alternative embodiment, the interior of the variable-stiffness lattice layer 7 can be filled with a variety of materials to enhance the overall stability, durability, and ecological adaptability of the slope protection structure. The selection of the filling materials can be optimized according to different hydrological conditions, characteristics of the slope body 1, and ecological restoration requirements, and specifically includes the following categories. 1. Permeable filling materials: including crushed stones, pebbles, volcanic rock particles, or ceramsite, etc. 2. Ecological filling materials: such as lightweight soil, humus soil mixed matrix, or biochar filler. 3. Elastic buffer filling materials: such as rubber particles, elastic foam, or polymer buffer particles.

[0051] Referring to Figure 4 As shown, the movable connecting member 72 is used to achieve the variable-stiffness adjustment of the support unit 71, enabling the lattice layer to adaptively adjust according to the minor deformation of the slope body 1. The movable connecting member 72 includes an elastic plate 721 and a locking screw 722. Among them, both ends of the elastic plate 721 are respectively fixed on adjacent polygonal frames 711. The elastic plate 721 has a Z-shaped plate structure and can provide buffering under the action of external forces to reduce the damage caused by stress concentration of the slope body 1 to the lattice layer. A long-strip adjustment hole 7211 is formed through the elastic plate 721 for adjusting the stiffness and flexibility adaptability of the lattice layer. The locking screw 722 is inserted into the adjustment hole 7211, and nuts 723 are threadedly connected to both ends thereof. The two nuts 723 simultaneously abut against the elastic plate 721, so that by adjusting the tightening degree of the nuts 723, the relative displacement between the support units 71 can be controlled, thereby changing the overall stiffness of the lattice layer to meet the stability requirements under different hydrological environments and conditions of the slope body 1.

[0052] Furthermore, the movable connecting member 72 further includes a U-shaped clamp 73 and a pull plate 74. Among them, the U-shaped clamp 73 clamps the Z-shaped part of the elastic plate 721 to enhance the rigid support effect of the elastic plate 721. The pull plate 74 slidably penetrates through both ends of the U-shaped clamp 73, enabling it to move freely within a certain range to adapt to the deformation characteristics of the slope body 1 at different stages. The locking screw 722 simultaneously penetrates through the U-shaped clamp 73 and the pull plate 74, and the nuts 723 respectively abut against the U-shaped clamp 73 and the pull plate 74. By adjusting the tightness of the nuts 723, the sliding degree of the pull plate 74 can be further controlled, thereby dynamically adjusting the support stiffness of the lattice layer. This design can not only improve the overall flexibility of the lattice layer but also provide effective buffering and support during the deformation of the slope body 1, reduce the risk of structural damage caused by local stress concentration, and ensure the long-term stability and adaptability of the slope.

[0053] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, to further improve the stability and adaptability of the slope protection structure, in multiple prefabricated pits 8 on the surface of the slope body 1, an impermeable protective film is coated on the outside of the expandable bladder 81 to prevent excessive external moisture from seeping in, while enhancing the durability and controllability of the bladder. The impermeable protective film can be made of a polymer coating, a nano waterproof film or a breathable and impermeable fabric to ensure that the shape of the bladder is controllable during the water absorption and expansion process, and to avoid local stress concentration affecting the stability of the slope body 1.

[0054] Furthermore, the internal water-absorbing polymer particles 811 of the expandable bladder 81 can be selected from sodium polyacrylate, superabsorbent resin (SAP) or natural plant fiber water absorbents to form a flexible filling body after water absorption and expansion, improve the anti-scouring ability of the slope protection structure, and gradually release the stored water in a dry environment to provide continuous water supply for the slope vegetation and improve the ecological adaptability.

[0055] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the flexible geogrid 62 in the tough bionic tendon network coupling layer 6 not only adopts a three-dimensional staggered weaving structure, but also its surface can be coated with an anti-ultraviolet coating or a hydrophilic biodegradable coating to improve the weather resistance of the grid body and the adhesion ability with the matrix layer 3. The mesh size (10 - 50mm) of the flexible geogrid 62 can be optimized according to different soil structures to ensure the balance of water permeability and support force, and further improve the overall adaptability of the slope protection structure.

[0056] Furthermore, the material of the high molecular fiber tendon 61 can be selected from aramid fiber, basalt fiber or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber according to the engineering requirements, and its surface can be coated with a wear-resistant strengthening layer or a high-strength composite coating to enhance the anti-tensile performance and improve the stability of the overall structure during long-term use.

[0057] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown in the figure, a plurality of anchor columns 9 are penetrated through the composite pore diversion and locking layer 5, the tough bionic tendon network coupling layer 6 and the variable stiffness folding lattice layer 7 in the protective layer 4 to enhance the anti-pulling ability and anti-scouring performance of the overall structure. The front end of the anchor column 9 is in a sharp cone shape, which is convenient for inserting into the slope body 1 to increase the anchoring depth and stability.

[0058] Furthermore, in order to enhance the bonding force between the anchor column 9 and the surrounding matrix, a plurality of slurry overflow holes 91 are opened at the front end of the anchor column 9, so that the slurry can flow out from the slurry overflow holes 91 during grouting and fill the gaps around the anchor column 9 to improve the anchoring effect. At the same time, the inside of the anchor column 9 is in a hollow structure, and a grouting hole 92 is opened at the rear end, which can be used to pour high-strength curing slurry or ecological matrix slurry to improve the anchoring performance while promoting the consolidation of the soil of the slope body 1.

[0059] At the middle position of the anchoring column 9, a pressing plate 93 is fixedly welded. The pressing plate 93 is used to abut against the composite pore diversion and locking layer 5 to ensure the fixation of the anchoring column 9 in the slope body 1. To further enhance the bonding force between the pressing plate 93 and the diversion and locking layer, a plurality of barbs 931 are fixedly arranged on the side of the pressing plate 93 facing the composite pore diversion and locking layer 5. The barbs 931 can be embedded into the interior of the locking layer during installation to prevent the anchoring column 9 from loosening or being pulled out under the action of long-term external forces.

[0060] Meanwhile, a plurality of extension columns 94 are evenly distributed on the peripheral wall of the anchoring column 9 near the rear end. The extension columns 94 are long and slender cylindrical columns, which are used to further enhance the connectivity between the vegetation layer 2, the substrate layer 3 and the protection layer 4. The extension columns 94 can form a multi-point support structure inside the substrate layer 3, effectively preventing soil erosion and providing additional structural stability during heavy rain or slope scouring. In addition, the surface of the extension columns 94 can be coated with a hydrophilic biological coating to promote the attachment and reproduction of microbial agents, thereby improving the ecological restoration effect.

[0061] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological bank slope protection structure applicable to water conservancy projects, including a slope body (1), characterized in that, The bank slope protection structure is sequentially provided with the following from top to bottom: A vegetation layer (2), which is composed of perennial herbaceous plants, shrubs or aquatic plants adapted to the water conservancy environment, and the vegetation roots extend to the lower substrate layer (3); A substrate layer (3), which includes soil, sand and gravel mixture and a solidifying additive, has a thickness of 20 - 50 cm, and has water-permeable pores on the surface that are beneficial to the growth of vegetation; A protection layer (4), which is located below the substrate layer (3), and the protection layer (4) includes: A composite pore diversion and locking layer (5), which is made of a porous mixed material, and a water conduction channel (51) arranged along the slope body (1) direction is arranged inside it. The diameter of the water conduction channel (51) is 0.5 - 5 mm, and the porosity is 10% - 30%, which is used for guiding seepage water and reinforcing the slope body (1); A tough bionic tendon net coupling layer (6), which includes polymer fiber tendons (61) extending along the bank slope direction and flexible geotextile nets (62) distributed in a staggered manner. The polymer fiber tendons (61) and the flexible geotextile nets (62) are intertwined with each other and fixed on the composite pore diversion and locking layer (5); A variable stiffness folding lattice layer (7), which is located below the tough bionic tendon net coupling layer (6), and is composed of a plurality of interconnected support units (71). An active connecting piece (72) is arranged at the connecting part to adapt to the deformation of the slope body (1) and adjust the support stiffness.

2. The ecological bank slope protection structure applicable to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that Microbial agents are arranged both inside the substrate layer (3) and in the void of the variable stiffness folding lattice layer (7). The microbial agents include 5% - 15% calcium carbonate filler to form a bio-mineralized layer through microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation.

3. The ecological bank slope protection structure applicable to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polymer fiber tendons (61) in the tough bionic tendon net coupling layer (6) are made of polyethylene or aramid materials, and the polymer fiber tendons (61) and the flexible geotextile nets (62) form an integral support structure through an interlaced weaving or bonding and fixing method.

4. The ecological bank slope protection structure applicable to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support units (71) of the variable stiffness folding lattice layer (7) are made of glass fiber reinforced composite materials or aluminum alloy materials. The support units (71) include a plurality of polygonal frames (711). The active connecting piece (72) includes an elastic plate (721) and a locking screw (722). The two ends of the elastic plate (721) are respectively arranged on adjacent polygonal frames (711). The elastic plate (721) is in the shape of a Z-shaped plate body. A long strip-shaped adjustment hole (7211) is penetrated through the elastic plate (721). The locking screw (722) is penetrated in the adjustment hole (7211). Nuts (723) are threadedly connected to both ends of the locking screw (722), and the two nuts (723) are simultaneously abutted against the elastic plate (721).

5. The ecological bank slope protection structure applicable to water conservancy projects according to claim 4, characterized in that, The movable connecting member (72) further comprises a U-shaped clamp (73) and a pull plate (74), wherein the U-shaped clamp (73) is clamped at the Z-shaped portion of the elastic plate (721), and the pull plate (74) is slidably passed through the two ends of the U-shaped clamp (73), and the locking screw (722) is simultaneously passed through the U-shaped clamp (73) and the pull plate (74), and the nut (723) is respectively abutted against the U-shaped clamp (73) and the pull plate (74).

6. The ecological bank slope protection structure applicable to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the slope (1) is evenly provided with a plurality of prefabricated pits (8), the prefabricated pits (8) being in a shape of being larger inside and smaller outside, and an expandable bladder (81) being placed in each of the prefabricated pits (8), the expandable bladder (81) being fixedly arranged below the variable stiffness folded lattice layer (7), the expandable bladder (81) being made of a flexible polymer material, and being filled with water-absorbing polymer particles (811) that swell when exposed to water, so as to swell after absorbing water and closely fit with the inner wall of the prefabricated pit (8).

7. The ecological bank slope protection structure applicable to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible geonet (62) in the tough bionic rib mesh coupling layer (6) adopts a three-dimensional interlaced woven structure, the thickness of the flexible geonet (62) is 2-5 mm, and the flexible geonet (62) is coated with an anti-corrosion coating.

8. The ecological bank slope protection structure applicable to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the polymer fiber tendons (61) is 0.1-2 mm, and the mesh size of the flexible geonet (62) is 10-50 mm.

9. The ecological bank slope protection structure applicable to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of anchoring columns (9) are arranged through the composite pore diversion and locking layer (5), the tough bionic rib mesh coupling layer (6) and the variable stiffness folded lattice layer (7) in the protective layer (4); the front end of the anchoring column (9) is in a pointed cone shape so as to be inserted into the slope (1); the front end of the anchoring column (9) is provided with a plurality of grouting holes (91); the interior of the anchoring column (9) is hollow and the rear end is provided with a grouting hole (92); a pressing plate (93) is fixedly welded at the middle position of the anchoring column (9); the pressing plate (93) is used to abut against the composite pore diversion and locking layer (5); and a plurality of barbs (931) are fixedly arranged on one side of the pressing plate (93) facing the composite pore diversion and locking layer (5).

10. The ecological bank slope protection structure applicable to water conservancy projects according to claim 9, characterized in that, The anchoring column (9) has a plurality of extension columns (94) evenly distributed on the peripheral wall close to the rear end.

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