Reinforcing and supporting method for soft rock roadway chamber

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal seam mining, and provides a soft rock roadway chamber reinforcing and supporting method which comprises the following steps that ladder beams are arranged on a top plate of a chamber at intervals in the extending direction of the chamber; anchor rods are fixedly mounted on the ladder beams; and concrete struts are arranged along the central axis of the chamber at intervals. The ladder beam on the chamber top plate can effectively disperse concentrated stress formed by surrounding rock of the chamber top plate, large deformation and cracking of the chamber top plate caused by stress concentration are avoided, the ladder beam can bear certain shear force, and the shear failure resistance of a supporting system can be enhanced. The anchor rods can press loose rock-soil bodies to form a composite beam, the overall flexural rigidity is improved, anchor rod supporting can form a compression area in surrounding rock, and the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock is improved. And the concrete struts arranged along the central axis of the chamber at intervals can further reinforce and support the chamber. Therefore, surrounding rock deformation can be effectively controlled, and engineering disasters such as roof caving, wall caving and even overall instability can be reduced or even avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal seam mining, and particularly relates to a method for strengthening the support of soft rock roadway chambers. Background Art

[0002] With the development of underground engineering towards deeper and larger spans, the stability problem of large-section chambers (such as underground factories, transportation hubs, energy storage reservoirs, etc.) has become increasingly prominent. Due to the increase in the cross-sectional size of the chamber, the stress distribution of the surrounding rock is more complex. Traditional bolt support structures are difficult to effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock, and are prone to engineering disasters such as roof falls, rib spalling, and even overall instability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for strengthening the support of soft rock roadway chambers.

[0004] A method for strengthening the support of soft rock roadway chambers provided by the present invention includes the following steps: along the extension direction of the chamber, ladder beams are arranged at intervals on the roof of the chamber; bolts are fixedly installed on each ladder beam; concrete columns are arranged at intervals along the central axis of the chamber.

[0005] In the step of arranging ladder beams at intervals on the roof of the chamber along the extension direction of the chamber in the method for strengthening the support of soft rock roadway chambers provided by the present invention, the arrangement interval of the ladder beams inside the chamber is greater than the arrangement interval of the ladder beams at the chamber entrance.

[0006] Each of the ladder beams in the method for strengthening the support of soft rock roadway chambers provided by the present invention includes two cross beams arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the chamber.

[0007] In the step of fixedly installing bolts on each ladder beam in the method for strengthening the support of soft rock roadway chambers provided by the present invention, it specifically includes: a plurality of bolts are fixedly installed at intervals along the length direction of each ladder beam, each bolt passes through between the corresponding two cross beams, and longitudinal beams are respectively arranged on both sides of the bolt passing holes, and each longitudinal beam is connected between the corresponding two cross beams.

[0008] The step of arranging concrete columns at intervals along the central axis of the chamber in the method for strengthening the support of soft rock roadway chambers provided by the present invention includes: assembling a casing; arranging the casings at intervals along the central axis of the chamber; pumping concrete slurry into the casings until they reach the roof contact state.

[0009] The step of assembling the casing in the method for strengthening the support of soft rock roadway chambers provided by the present invention specifically includes: sleeving a flexible film bag inside an iron sheet barrel; arranging a steel reinforcement cage inside the flexible film bag.

[0010] The method for strengthening the support of soft rock roadway chambers provided by the present invention further includes: arranging a concrete wall at the chamber entrance.

[0011] A method for strengthening the support of a soft rock roadway chamber provided by the present invention. The steps of arranging a concrete wall at the chamber entrance specifically include: hanging a flexible film bag; installing a steel mesh inside the flexible film bag; fixing a steel mesh sheet and bolts outside the flexible film bag; driving single props at intervals outside the flexible film bag; and pumping concrete slurry into the flexible film bag until it reaches the roof contact state.

[0012] A method for strengthening the support of a soft rock roadway chamber provided by the present invention. In the steps of arranging a concrete wall at the chamber entrance, a concrete wall needs to be arranged on each side of the chamber entrance, and an inspection entrance is provided between the two concrete walls.

[0013] A method for strengthening the support of a soft rock roadway chamber provided by the present invention. In the step of arranging ladder beams at intervals on the roof of the chamber along the extension direction of the chamber, the length of the ladder beams is the same as the width of the chamber roof.

[0014] In the method for strengthening the support of a soft rock roadway chamber provided by the present invention, the following steps are included: arranging ladder beams at intervals on the roof of the chamber along the extension direction of the chamber; fixedly installing bolts on each ladder beam; arranging concrete columns at intervals along the central axis of the chamber. The ladder beams on the chamber roof can effectively disperse the concentrated stress formed by the surrounding rock of the chamber roof, avoid large deformation and cracking of the chamber roof caused by stress concentration. At the same time, the ladder beams can bear a certain shear force and enhance the anti-shear failure ability of the support system. The bolts can compress the loose rock and soil mass to form a "composite beam", improving the overall flexural stiffness. The bolt support can form a compression zone in the surrounding rock, increasing the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock. In addition, the concrete columns arranged at intervals along the central axis of the chamber can further strengthen the support of the chamber. Thus, compared with the traditional bolt support method, this method for strengthening the support of a soft rock roadway chamber can effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock and reduce or even avoid engineering disasters such as roof fall, rib spalling, and even overall instability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the chamber and the roadway provided by the present invention.

[0017] Reference numerals: 100, chamber; 200, roadway; 300, ladder beam; 400, bolt; 500, concrete column; 600, concrete wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0018] The following further describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0021] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature can be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "under" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0022] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc., mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The following will be combined with Figure 1 Describe a method for strengthening the support of a soft rock roadway chamber provided by an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the following is only a schematic embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any special limitation on the present invention.

[0024] An embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 shown, provides a method for strengthening the support of a soft rock roadway chamber, including the following steps: Along the extension direction of the chamber 100, ladder beams 300 are arranged at intervals on the roof of the chamber 100; anchor bolts 400 are fixedly installed on each ladder beam 300; concrete pillars 500 are arranged at intervals along the central axis of the chamber 100.

[0025] In the method for strengthening the support of a soft rock roadway chamber provided by the present invention, the ladder beams 300 on the roof of the chamber 100 can effectively disperse the concentrated stress formed by the surrounding rock of the roof of the chamber 100, avoid large deformation and cracking of the roof of the chamber 100 caused by stress concentration. At the same time, the ladder beams 300 can withstand a certain shear force and can enhance the anti-shear failure ability of the support system. The anchor bolts 400 can press the loose rock and soil mass to form a "composite beam", improving the overall flexural stiffness. The support of the anchor bolts 400 can form a compression zone in the surrounding rock, increasing the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock. In addition, the concrete pillars 500 arranged at intervals along the central axis of the chamber 100 can form a further strengthening support for the chamber 100. Thus, compared with the traditional support method of the anchor bolts 400, this method for strengthening the support of a soft rock roadway chamber can effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock and reduce or even avoid the occurrence of engineering disasters such as roof fall, rib spalling, and even overall instability.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, in the step of arranging the ladder beams 300 at intervals on the roof of the chamber 100 along the extension direction of the chamber 100, the arrangement interval of the ladder beams 300 inside the chamber 100 is greater than the arrangement interval of the ladder beams 300 at the entrance of the chamber 100.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present invention, in the step of arranging the ladder beams 300 at intervals on the roof of the chamber 100 along the extension direction of the chamber 100, the length of the ladder beams 300 is consistent with the width of the roof of the chamber 100.

[0028] For example, as Figure 1 shown, the width dimension of the roof inside the chamber 100 is 5 m. The length of the ladder beams 300 arranged on the roof inside the chamber 100 is 5 m. Based on the actual construction conditions, the length of the corresponding ladder beams 300 can be slightly reduced. For example, the length of the ladder beams 300 arranged on the roof inside the chamber 100 can be set to 4.9 m or 4.8 m. Since the roof width at the interface between the chamber 100 and the roadway 200, that is, at the entrance of the chamber 100, is larger, the length of the ladder beams 300 on the roof at the entrance of the chamber 100 needs to be increased accordingly.

[0029] The geometric mutation at the entrance of the chamber 100 causes a sudden increase in the stress concentration factor, usually 2 - 4 times the original rock stress, which is significantly higher than that inside the roadway 200. Moreover, the entrance of the chamber 100 is in a three-dimensional stress intersection area, including the superposition of the axial stress, radial stress, and circumferential stress of the roadway 200, resulting in very complex local stress. To ensure the integrity and uniform stress of the roadway roof, the arrangement interval of the ladder beams 300 at the entrance of the chamber 100 can be increased. For example, the interval between adjacent ladder beams 300 inside the chamber 100 is 1.1 m, and the interval between adjacent ladder beams 300 at the entrance of the chamber 100 is 1 m.

[0030] In an embodiment of the present invention, each ladder beam 300 includes two cross beams arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the chamber 100.

[0031] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present invention, the step of fixedly installing the anchor bolts 400 on each ladder beam 300 specifically includes: a plurality of anchor bolts 400 are fixedly installed at intervals along the length direction of each ladder beam 300, each anchor bolt 400 passes through between the corresponding two cross beams, and a longitudinal beam is respectively arranged on both sides of the through hole of each anchor bolt 400, and each longitudinal beam is connected between the corresponding two cross beams.

[0032] For example, as Figure 1As shown, the ladder beam 300 is composed of steel reinforcement beams. Each ladder beam 300 includes two steel reinforcement cross beams arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the chamber 100, and the ends of the two steel reinforcement cross beams are welded to form a closed-loop structure. Between the two steel reinforcement cross beams, a plurality of anchor bolts 400 are installed at intervals along the length extending direction of the ladder beam 300. For example, the rod body of the anchor bolt 400 is a high-strength threaded steel anchor bolt 400 with a diameter of 22 mm, and the length of the rod body of the anchor bolt 400 is 2.2 m. The trays of the anchor bolts 400 adopt high-strength trays, and the specifications of the arch-shaped trays are 150 mm × 150 mm × 8 mm. A longitudinal beam is respectively arranged on both sides of the hole where the rod body of each anchor bolt 400 passes through, and each longitudinal beam is connected between the corresponding two cross beams.

[0033] In an embodiment of the present invention, the steps of arranging concrete pillars 500 at intervals along the central axis of the chamber 100 include: assembling a casing; arranging the casings at intervals along the central axis of the chamber 100; and pumping concrete slurry into the casing until it reaches the roof-touching state.

[0034] Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the step of assembling the casing specifically includes: sleeving a flexible film bag inside an iron sheet barrel; and arranging a steel reinforcement cage inside the flexible film bag.

[0035] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the casing includes an iron sheet barrel, a flexible film bag, and a steel reinforcement cage sleeved from outside to inside in sequence. After the casing is assembled, the casings are arranged at intervals from inside to outside along the central axis direction of the chamber 100. For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the casing is 0.8 m, and the height of the casing is the same as the height of the chamber 100. After the casings are arranged, C35 concrete is used for pumping and roof-touching. When roof-touching, it is pumped slowly to ensure the roof-touching effect, so that the concrete is in full and dense contact with the surrounding rock of the roof of the chamber 100. It can provide a certain active support capacity in the early stage, and the support pressure of the pillar in the later stage is not less than 9000 KN. The concrete pillars 500 inside the chamber 100 belong to rigid support and can effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roof and floor of the chamber 100.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for strengthening the support of the soft rock roadway chamber further includes: arranging a concrete wall 600 at the entrance of the chamber 100.

[0037] Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the step of arranging the concrete wall 600 at the entrance of the chamber 100 specifically includes: hanging a flexible film bag; installing a steel reinforcement mesh inside the flexible film bag; fixing a steel reinforcement mesh sheet and anchor bolts outside the flexible film bag; driving single props at intervals outside the flexible film bag; and pumping concrete slurry into the flexible film bag until it reaches the roof-touching state.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present invention, in the step of arranging the concrete wall 600 at the entrance of the chamber 100, a concrete wall 600 needs to be arranged on each side of the entrance of the chamber 100, and an inspection entrance is provided between the two concrete walls 600.

[0039] As Figure 1 shown, a concrete wall 600 is arranged on each side of the entrance of the chamber 100, and an inspection entrance is provided between the two concrete walls 600 for the staff to enter and exit for inspection. For example, the width of the inspection entrance is 0.6 m. In an embodiment of the present invention, the length of each concrete wall 600 is 4 m, the width is 1.2 m, and the height is the same as the height of the entrance of the chamber 100. During the process of arranging the concrete wall 600, first, a flexible membrane bag is hung, and the outer membrane bag of the flexible membrane bag coincides with the edge of the roadway 200; a steel reinforcement cage is arranged inside the flexible membrane bag; a steel mesh sheet and anchor bolts are fixed outside the flexible membrane bag; single props are driven outside the flexible membrane bag. For example, 4 single props are driven at intervals along the length direction of each flexible membrane bag, and 1 single prop is driven at intervals along the width direction of each flexible membrane bag; finally, concrete slurry is pumped into the flexible membrane bag until it reaches the roof contact state.

[0040] According to the embodiments described above, in the soft rock roadway chamber enhanced support method provided by the present invention, the support mode of the ladder beam 300 - anchor bolt 400 - concrete pillar 500 - concrete wall 600 can provide high-strength support resistance, effectively control the movement and deformation of the surrounding rock of the large-section chamber 100, and improve the overall stability of the surrounding rock of the large-section chamber 100.

[0041] This enhanced support method can not only be applied to the enhanced support of the large-section chamber 100 in the soft rock roadway 200, but also be applied to the reinforcement of other large-section chambers 100 with unstable surrounding rocks. For example, it can be used for the support of chambers 100 and roadways 200 with high stress and large deformation caused by strong mine pressure.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for strengthening the support of a soft rock roadway chamber, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Along the extension direction of the chamber (100), ladder beams (300) are arranged at intervals on the roof of the chamber (100); Anchor bolts (400) are fixedly installed on each ladder beam (300); Concrete pillars (500) are arranged at intervals along the central axis of the chamber (100).

2. The enhanced support method for soft rock roadway chambers according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step of arranging ladder beams (300) at intervals on the roof of the chamber (100) along the extension direction of the chamber (100), the arrangement interval of the ladder beams (300) inside the chamber (100) is greater than the arrangement interval of the ladder beams (300) at the entrance of the chamber (100).

3. The enhanced support method for soft rock roadway chambers according to claim 2, characterized in that Each of the ladder beams (300) includes two cross beams arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the chamber (100).

4. The enhanced support method for soft rock roadway chambers according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of fixedly installing anchor bolts (400) on each ladder beam (300) specifically includes: A plurality of anchor bolts (400) are fixedly installed at intervals along the length direction of each ladder beam (300). Each anchor bolt (400) passes through between the corresponding two cross beams, and longitudinal beams are respectively arranged on both sides of the through holes of each anchor bolt (400), and each longitudinal beam is connected between the corresponding two cross beams.

5. The enhanced support method for soft rock roadway chambers according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The step of arranging concrete pillars (500) at intervals along the central axis of the chamber (100) includes: Assembling the casing; Arranging the casing at intervals along the central axis of the chamber (100); Pumping concrete slurry into the casing until it reaches the roof contact state.

6. The enhanced support method for soft rock roadway chambers according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of assembling the casing specifically includes: A flexible film bag is sleeved inside an iron sheet bucket; A steel reinforcement cage is arranged inside the flexible film bag.

7. The method for strengthening the support of soft rock roadway chambers according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes: Concrete walls (600) are arranged at the entrance of the chamber (100).

8. The enhanced support method for soft rock roadway chambers according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of arranging concrete walls (600) at the entrance of the chamber (100) specifically includes: Hanging the flexible film bag; Installing a steel reinforcement mesh inside the flexible film bag; Fixing a steel reinforcement mesh sheet and anchor bolts outside the flexible film bag; Single props are driven at intervals outside the flexible film bag; Pumping concrete slurry into the flexible film bag until it reaches the roof contact state.

9. The enhanced support method for soft rock roadway chambers according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the step of arranging concrete walls (600) at the entrance of the chamber (100), a concrete wall (600) needs to be arranged on each side of the entrance of the chamber (100), and an inspection entrance is provided between the two concrete walls (600).

10. The method for strengthening the support of the soft rock roadway chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step of arranging ladder beams (300) at intervals on the roof of the chamber (100) along the extension direction of the chamber (100), the length of the ladder beam (300) is the same as the width of the roof of the chamber (100).

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