A small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of steam turbine equipment, and specifically to a small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine, which includes a cylinder body provided with a spiral guide groove, a central output shaft and a plurality of moving blade groups. After the steam enters the cylinder body through a tangentially arranged inlet, it flows along the spiral guide groove and pushes the moving blade groups step by step to perform work, and is finally discharged from the outlet. The moving blade groups are provided with permanent magnet bars that cooperate with induction coils to generate electricity, and store energy through batteries to achieve energy recovery and utilization. A ball slide structure is provided on the inner wall of the cylinder body to assist the rotation of the blades and improve the operational stability. In addition, a steam supplementary regulation inlet is provided to maintain the output power stable. The present invention has a compact structure, high efficiency, and integrated power generation function. It is suitable for industrial waste heat recovery and small energy systems and has good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of steam turbine equipment, in particular to a small-sized high-efficiency back-pressure steam turbine. Background Art

[0002] The information disclosed in the background of the invention is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not necessarily be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

[0003] A back-pressure steam turbine refers to a steam turbine whose exhaust pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. It is a device that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy and is widely used in industrial production and energy utilization.

[0004] Small back-pressure steam turbines, due to their compact size and flexible installation, play an important role in small energy systems and industrial waste heat recovery. However, existing small back-pressure steam turbines suffer from suboptimal steam flow paths within the turbine, resulting in significant flow resistance. This prevents the steam from fully converting into mechanical energy, leaving their efficiency in need of improvement.

[0005] For example, the existing Chinese patent CN113958375B has made certain structural improvements, but uses mechanical components such as a drive cylinder and a flip steam guide plate, resulting in a complex structure, large transmission loss, a bloated volume, low integration, and difficulty in miniaturization.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a small back-pressure steam turbine with a more reasonable structure and high efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine, aiming to solve the problems of low efficiency, large size, low degree of integration, etc. caused by unreasonable steam flow path and complex mechanical structure in the prior art.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A small-sized high-efficiency back-pressure steam turbine comprises a cylinder body, with an upper end cover and a lower end cover respectively installed at both ends of the cylinder body in a sealed manner;

[0010] The inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a spiral guide groove, and the inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a steam inlet and a steam outlet at the inlet end and the outlet end of the spiral guide groove respectively;

[0011] An output shaft is concentrically mounted in the cylinder along the central axis, and a plurality of moving blade groups are concentrically mounted on the output shaft, each moving blade group corresponding to one or more periodically rotating spiral guide grooves, and the moving blade groups drive the output shaft to perform work under the action of steam;

[0012] The moving blade assembly includes a rotating baffle, and the rotating baffle is provided with three or more blades evenly distributed;

[0013] Each of the blades is provided with one or more permanent magnet bars arranged along the central axis direction. The outer wall of the cylinder body is provided with an induction coil that cooperates with the permanent magnet bars of the corresponding moving blade group. The permanent magnet bars cut the induction coil to generate electricity under the drive of the moving blade group; the outer wall of the cylinder body is also provided with a battery for storing electrical energy.

[0014] Preferably, the blades are each provided with a rotatable first ball bearing on the edge, and the inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a first annular slideway corresponding to and adapted to the first ball bearing;

[0015] The first annular slide is communicated with the spiral guide groove, and the steam is diverted through the first annular slide and assists in driving the blades to rotate by pushing the first balls.

[0016] The rotating partition is provided with a rotatable second ball on the edge, and the inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a second annular slideway corresponding to the second ball;

[0017] The second annular slide is communicated with the spiral guide groove, and the steam is diverted through the second annular slide and auxiliary driving the rotating partition to rotate by pushing the second ball.

[0018] Preferably, the blade and the rotating partition are provided with corresponding mounting cavities for mounting the first and second balls on the sides cooperating with the inner wall of the cylinder body.

[0019] Preferably, the cylinder body is sealedly connected to the upper end cover and the lower end cover via flanges, and the upper end cover and the lower end cover are provided with sealed bearings for cooperating and sealingly mounting the output shaft.

[0020] Preferably, an isolation protection cavity is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder body, and the induction coil is installed in the isolation protection cavity.

[0021] Preferably, the battery is integrated and mounted on the shell of the isolation protection cavity.

[0022] Preferably, the outer wall of the cylinder body in the isolation protection cavity is provided with a heat insulation protection layer.

[0023] Preferably, the steam inlet and the steam outlet are both arranged tangentially to the spiral guide groove.

[0024] Preferably, one or more steam supplementary adjustment inlets are provided between the steam inlet and the steam outlet for supplementing and adjusting the steam thermal energy and kinetic energy that decays step by step during work, thereby adjusting the output power.

[0025] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0026] In this invention, spiral guide grooves on the inner wall of the cylinder guide steam along a spiral path, forming a continuous and stable flow path, reducing turbulence and eddies, and lowering flow resistance. Furthermore, the spiral structure evenly distributes the steam and applies it to the corresponding impeller groups step by step, more effectively converting thermal energy into kinetic energy and thereby improving mechanical energy output efficiency. Compared to traditional direct current paths, this design allows for a more complete conversion of steam thermal energy into kinetic energy, driving the impeller groups to perform work step by step.

[0027] In this invention, power is transmitted directly through the spiral guide grooves and the impeller assembly, reducing mechanical losses in the transmission link. Furthermore, permanent magnet bars are installed on the impeller assembly, and induction coils are installed on the outer wall of the cylinder body, forming a built-in generator that enables instant electrical energy storage, improving the system's energy efficiency and automation level.

[0028] The present invention adopts an integrated spiral guide groove and moving blade assembly structure, which simplifies the transmission mechanism, avoids the problems of bulky volume, low efficiency, and frequent maintenance caused by mechanical transmission, and is conducive to the miniaturization and lightweighting of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the partially split structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the cylinder;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle;

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is another schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the present invention.

[0035] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0036] 100. Cylinder body; 110. Spiral guide groove; 120. Steam inlet; 130. Steam outlet; 140. First annular slide; 150. Thermal insulation protection layer; 160. Steam replenishment adjustment inlet; 200. Upper end cover; 300. Lower end cover; 400. Output shaft; 500. Blades; 510. Permanent magnet bar; 520. Rotating partition; 521. Second ball; 530. First ball; 600. Isolation protection chamber; 610. Induction coil; 620. Battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0038] Figures 1 to 5 A small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine was presented. By optimizing the steam flow path, adopting multi-stage moving blade groups to perform work step by step, and integrating permanent magnet power generation modules, the turbine can achieve efficient operation and energy recovery on the basis of miniaturization. It is particularly suitable for application scenarios such as industrial waste heat recovery and distributed energy, and improves the practicality and economy of the equipment.

[0039] The specific structure of this small and efficient back-pressure steam turbine is as follows: it includes a cylinder body 100, with an upper end cover 200 and a lower end cover 300 respectively sealed and installed at both ends of the cylinder body 100; a spiral guide groove 110 is provided on the inner side wall of the cylinder body 100, and a steam inlet 120 and a steam outlet 130 are respectively provided at the inlet and outlet ends of the spiral guide groove 110.

[0040] An output shaft 400 is concentrically mounted along the central axis of the cylinder 100. Multiple groups of moving blades are concentrically mounted on the output shaft 400. Each moving blade group corresponds to one or more periodically rotating spiral guide grooves 110. Under the action of steam, the moving blade groups drive the output shaft 400 to perform work. The phrase "one or more periodically rotating spiral guide grooves 110" used herein means that the spiral line of the spiral guide grooves 110 undergoes at least one periodic rotation. This ensures that each moving blade group corresponds to at least one circle of the spiral guide grooves 110, ensuring that each moving blade group is adequately driven.

[0041] Each set of moving blades corresponds to one or more spiral guide grooves 110, ensuring that steam pushes the moving blades step by step during flow, achieving "multi-stage expansion work." Steam energy is extracted step by step, avoiding energy waste in single-stage work and further improving mechanical energy conversion efficiency. Compared to traditional steam turbines with irregular flow paths, high flow resistance, and high energy loss, this steam turbine significantly improves steam energy utilization through streamlined guide grooves and multi-stage progressive drive.

[0042] Each moving blade group includes a corresponding rotating baffle 520 , on which three or more corresponding evenly distributed blades 500 are arranged, and the leading edge and the trailing edge of each blade 500 are streamlined.

[0043] Furthermore, each blade 500 is equipped with one or more permanent magnet bars 510 arranged along the central axis. The outer wall of the cylinder 100 is provided with an induction coil 610 that cooperates with the permanent magnet bars 510 of the corresponding moving blade group. Driven by the moving blade group, the permanent magnet bars 510 cut the induction coil 610 to generate electricity. A battery 620 for storing electrical energy is also provided on the outer wall of the cylinder 100. Furthermore, it is optimal to arrange the permanent magnet bars 510 near the edge of the blade 500, as this not only improves power generation efficiency but also generates greater centrifugal force and inertia, promoting smoother output of mechanical work after startup.

[0044] When the steam turbine is operating, high-temperature, high-pressure steam enters from the steam inlet 120, is guided by the spiral guide groove, and flows along a spiral path. The high-speed steam expands and accelerates in the spiral guide groove 110, and converts thermal energy into kinetic energy. Then, the high-speed steam impacts the blades 500 of the blade group 500, driving the output shaft 400 to rotate, converting kinetic energy into mechanical energy and performing work externally. After pushing the blades 500 to perform work, the steam continues to flow along the spiral guide groove, passing through multiple blade groups and continuously performing work step by step, and finally discharged from the steam outlet 130.

[0045] At the same time, each moving blade group drives the corresponding permanent magnet bar 510 and its induction coil 610 to cut the magnetic flux lines when rotating, thereby completing power generation. The electricity generated by all the moving blade groups is stored in the battery 620.

[0046] During the entire process, the role of the partition is to isolate the local space where each moving blade group is located, effectively reducing the ineffective leakage of steam and ensuring the efficient operation of the turbine.

[0047] In order to make the entire structure more stable, the cylinder body 100 is sealed with the upper end cover 200 and the lower end cover 300 through flanges. The upper end cover 200 and the lower end cover 300 are provided with sealed bearings for cooperating with the sealed installation of the output shaft 400.

[0048] In order to facilitate installation and improve integrated design, an isolation protection cavity 600 is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder body 100 , and the induction coil 610 is installed in the isolation protection cavity 600 . The battery 620 is integrated with the housing of the isolation protection cavity 600 .

[0049] In order to ensure the safety of the induction coil 610, the heat conducted by the isolation cylinder 100 has an adverse effect on the induction coil 610. The outer wall of the cylinder 100 in the isolation protection cavity 600 is provided with an insulating protective layer 150, and the material of the insulating protective layer 150 can be adopted from existing technology.

[0050] In order to ensure that the steam entering the cylinder 100 flows accurately along the direction of the spiral guide groove, thereby ensuring stable driving of the moving blade group, the steam inlet 120 and the steam outlet 130 are both arranged tangentially to the spiral guide groove 110.

[0051] In another preferred embodiment, each of the blades 500 is equipped with a rotatable first ball 530 on its edge, and the inner side wall of the cylinder body 100 is provided with a first annular slide 140 corresponding to and adapted for the first ball 530; the first annular slide 140 is in communication with the spiral guide groove 110, and steam is diverted through the first annular slide 140, and the steam is driven to assist in driving the blades 500 to rotate by pushing the first ball 530. It should be noted that the functions of the first ball 530 and the first annular slide 140 are not only to guide and limit the corresponding blades 500, making the rotation of the moving blade group smoother and more stable, but also to guide the steam in the diverted spiral guide groove. The diverted steam assists in driving the rotation of the blades 500 by pushing the first ball 530.

[0052] Similarly, in another preferred embodiment, the rotating baffle 520 is further equipped with a rotatable second ball 521 on its edge, and the inner wall of the cylinder body 100 is provided with a second annular slideway corresponding to and adapted for the second ball 521. The second annular slideway communicates with the spiral guide groove 110, and steam is diverted through the second annular slideway, which in turn assists in driving the rotating baffle 520 to rotate by pushing the second ball 521. The blade 500 and the rotating baffle 520 are each provided with corresponding mounting cavities on the side that mates with the inner wall of the cylinder body 100 for mounting the first ball 530 and the second ball 521.

[0053] An oil film lubrication seal can be provided between the mounting cavity and the corresponding ball bearing. Specifically, the same lubricating oil passage (not shown in the figure) can be provided on the output shaft 400 and the rotating partition 520 and the corresponding blade 500. Lubricating oil is added through the lubricating oil passage to achieve an oil film lubrication seal. The setting of the lubricating oil passage can be achieved by conventional means of the prior art and is very easy to implement, so no further details will be given here.

[0054] In another preferred embodiment, Figure 6As shown, one or more steam supplementary regulation inlets 160 are provided between the steam inlet 120 and the steam outlet 130 to supplement and regulate the steam thermal energy and kinetic energy that gradually decays during work, thereby adjusting the output power. This improves the turbine's adaptability to different operating conditions and enhances the system's flexibility and controllability.

[0055] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0056] The terms "upper," "lower," "outer," "inner," and the like, if used in the present description and claims, and in the accompanying drawings, are used to distinguish relative positions and are not necessarily qualitative. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, such that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0057] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A small, high-efficiency back-pressure steam turbine comprising a cylinder, with an upper end cover and a lower end cover respectively sealed at both ends of the cylinder; characterized in that: The inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a spiral guide groove, and the inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a steam inlet and a steam outlet at the inlet end and the outlet end of the spiral guide groove respectively, and the steam inlet and the steam outlet are both tangentially arranged with the spiral guide groove; An output shaft is concentrically mounted in the cylinder along the central axis, and a plurality of moving blade groups are concentrically mounted on the output shaft, each moving blade group corresponding to one or more periodically rotating spiral guide grooves, and the moving blade groups drive the output shaft to perform work under the action of steam; The moving blade assembly includes a rotating baffle, and the rotating baffle is provided with three or more blades evenly distributed; Each of the blades is provided with one or more permanent magnet bars arranged along the central axis direction. The outer wall of the cylinder body is provided with an induction coil that cooperates with the permanent magnet bars of the corresponding moving blade group. The permanent magnet bars cut the induction coil to generate electricity under the drive of the moving blade group; the outer wall of the cylinder body is also provided with a battery for storing electrical energy.

2. The small-sized high-efficiency back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blades are each provided with a rotatable first ball bearing on the edge, and the inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a first annular slideway corresponding to and adapted to the first ball bearing; The first annular slide is communicated with the spiral guide groove, and the steam is diverted through the first annular slide and assists in driving the blades to rotate by pushing the first balls.

3. The small-sized high-efficiency back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating partition is provided with a rotatable second ball on the edge, and the inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a second annular slideway corresponding to the second ball; The second annular slide is communicated with the spiral guide groove, and the steam is diverted through the second annular slide and auxiliary driving the rotating partition to rotate by pushing the second ball.

4. The small-sized high-efficiency back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The blade and the rotating partition are both provided with corresponding mounting cavities for mounting the first and second balls on one side that cooperates with the inner wall of the cylinder body.

5. The small-sized high-efficiency back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder body is sealedly connected to the upper end cover and the lower end cover through flanges. The upper end cover and the lower end cover are provided with sealed bearings for cooperating and sealingly mounting the output shaft.

6. The small-sized high-efficiency back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the cylinder body is provided with an isolation protection cavity, and the induction coil is installed in the isolation protection cavity.

7. The small-sized high-efficiency back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The battery is integrally mounted on the shell of the isolation protection cavity.

8. The small-sized high-efficiency back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outer wall of the cylinder body in the isolation protection cavity is provided with a heat insulation protection layer.

9. The small-sized high-efficiency back-pressure steam turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: One or more steam supplementary adjustment inlets are further provided between the steam inlet and the steam outlet for supplementing and adjusting the steam thermal energy and kinetic energy that decays step by step as work is performed, thereby adjusting the output power.

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