Secondary buffering energy absorption device and system

Abstract

The invention provides a secondary buffering energy absorption device which comprises a first energy absorption unit and a second energy absorption unit, the first energy absorption unit comprises at least two rigid panels and an energy absorption layer, the two rigid panels are located on the two sides of the energy absorption layer respectively, and the rigid panels make direct or indirect contact with the energy absorption layer; the second energy absorption unit comprises an extrusion part and an expansion pipe, one of the extrusion part and the expansion pipe is directly or indirectly connected with one rigid panel, the expansion pipe is of a hollow structure, one end of the extrusion part is located in the expansion pipe, and the extrusion part and the expansion pipe generate relative displacement to dissipate energy through plastic deformation; the first energy absorption unit and the second energy absorption unit are connected in series. By means of the two-stage energy absorption structural design, the utilization rate of energy absorption materials of all parts can be effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power engineering, and in particular, it designs a secondary buffer energy absorption device and system. Background Art

[0002] As the last line of defense when a severe accident occurs in the reactor, in the impact conditions such as the impact of wind-driven projectiles and aircraft impacts from outside the containment, the impact objects and the fragments of the damaged containment may endanger the internal reactor; while in the accident conditions such as the whipping of high-energy pipes inside, the impact on the containment may affect the structural stability and integrity. At this time, the failure of the containment may lead to the direct release of radioactive substances into the environment. Therefore, long-term impact protection at key positions outside and inside the containment is particularly important, and a buffer energy absorption device that can be reused and can flexibly adjust the coverage size, installation angle, and energy consumption capacity according to the installation position is needed.

[0003] In the prior art, for example, CN111335264A proposes a double-steel-plate rubber concrete protection structure with a corrugated steel pipe inside, including steel plates, steel pipes, and fixing components. The two steel plates are arranged in parallel, and multiple steel pipes are arranged between the two steel plates, and the steel pipes are fixedly connected to the steel plates through the fixing components. Rubber concrete is poured into the gap between the steel plates and the inside of the steel pipes. Compared with other double-steel-plate concrete composite structures, the advantages of this technical solution are that the steel pipes can bear a certain bending moment and shear force, improving the out-of-plane bearing capacity and stiffness of the structure, and using rubber concrete instead of ordinary concrete can improve the ductility of the structure and promote resource recycling. Another example is that CN110514082B proposes a sandwich protection structure based on a gradient foam aluminum-filled expanded thin-walled tube, aiming to solve the problems of poor designability of the foam sandwich structure of the existing protection structure, easy occurrence of Euler buckling of the foam aluminum-filled thin-walled tube, and obvious initial peak stress. This technical solution consists of N buffer energy absorption units, an upper panel, and a lower panel; the upper panel and the lower panel are parallel to each other, and N buffer energy absorption units are sandwiched between the upper panel and the lower panel. The central axes OO' of the N buffer energy absorption units 1 are all perpendicular to the upper panel and the lower panel; the buffer energy absorption unit consists of a driving thin-walled tube, an expanded thin-walled tube, and a gradient buffer core; the gradient buffer core is filled in the inner cavity of the driving thin-walled tube, and the small-diameter cylinder of the driving thin-walled tube is inserted into the expanded thin-walled tube; the gradient buffer core consists of a low-density foam layer, a medium-density foam layer, and a high-density foam layer. This technical solution has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, strong designability, no obvious initial peak stress, and excellent impact resistance.

[0004] However, the existing technical solutions have all or part of the following problems: (1) The improvement of existing protection capabilities mostly focuses on hard protection measures. For example, in the study of the impact on double steel plate concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete, the upgrade of protection measures and the application of new protection structures also make the damage process under impact more complex and the damage characteristics of the structure more difficult to predict. In contrast, soft protection measures that can be applied to the anti-impact field of engineering structures are relatively lacking; (2) The components used in existing impact protection measures have low reusability and often require special repair or overall replacement after damage; (3) When using a single-shell structure to resist various accident loads, the vibration effect of the impact will increase significantly, and the designed thickness and material consumption of the containment must increase. By screening key structures, equipment, and systems in internal and external events and using buffer energy-absorbing devices for soft protection locally, the designed strength of the containment itself can be effectively reduced, and the safety and economy of nuclear power plants can be improved. To sum up, the existing hard protection measures have a long construction period, high resource consumption, and unpredictable damage characteristics, and lack soft protection measures that are reusable, flexible to install, and have controllable energy absorption effects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention proposes a two-stage buffer energy-absorbing device, including a first energy-absorbing unit and a second energy-absorbing unit. The first energy-absorbing unit includes at least two rigid panels and an energy-absorbing layer. The two rigid panels are respectively located on both sides of the energy-absorbing layer, and the rigid panels are in direct or indirect contact with the energy-absorbing layer;

[0007] The second energy-absorbing unit includes an extrusion member and an expansion tube. One of the extrusion member and the expansion tube is directly or indirectly connected to one of the rigid panels. The expansion tube is a hollow structure. One end of the extrusion member is located inside the expansion tube, and the relative displacement between the extrusion member and the expansion tube dissipates energy through plastic deformation;

[0008] The first energy-absorbing unit and the second energy-absorbing unit are in a series relationship.

[0009] Further, the energy-absorbing layer is a deformable and recoverable structure.

[0010] Further, the energy-absorbing layer is a mesh structure made of shape memory alloy.

[0011] Further, both the expansion tube and the extrusion member are rotating bodies.

[0012] Further, the maximum diameter of the extrusion member is greater than the maximum inner diameter of the expansion tube, and the axes of the extrusion member and the expansion tube coincide.

[0013] Further, one end of the extruding member located inside the expansion tube has a diameter smaller than that of the other end of the extruding member. From the end of the extruding member located inside the expansion tube to the other end, the diameter of the extruding member continuously increases along at least part of the axial length.

[0014] Further, the extruding member is divided into a variable-diameter non-fixed-diameter section and a fixed-diameter section with a constant diameter. There is an arc transition between at least part of the fixed-diameter section and the non-fixed-diameter section of the extruding member.

[0015] Further, the expansion tube is a cylinder with a constant diameter.

[0016] Further, it further includes a third energy absorption unit. The third energy absorption unit includes at least two connecting members. The two connecting members are directly or indirectly extruded against each other. Relative displacement occurs between the two connecting members and energy is dissipated through friction. One of the two connecting members is connected to a rigid panel, and the other of the two connecting members is connected to another rigid panel. The third energy absorption unit is connected in parallel with the first energy absorption unit, and the third energy absorption unit and the first energy absorption unit form a whole and are connected in series with the second energy absorption unit.

[0017] Further, the two connecting members undergo relative angular displacement coaxially.

[0018] Further, the third energy absorption unit further includes a friction block. The friction block is located between the two connecting members, and the friction block is extruded against the two connecting members.

[0019] Further, the third energy absorption unit further includes a locking member. The locking member applies a clamping force to the two connecting members.

[0020] Further, the locking member is located outside the two connecting members.

[0021] Further, the third energy absorption unit further includes an elastic block. The elastic block is located between the locking member and the two connecting members, and the elastic block increases the clamping force between the two connecting members.

[0022] Further, the locking member is a bolt and a nut. The bolt passes through the two connecting members, the elastic block, and the friction block, and the nut and the bolt apply a clamping force to the two connecting members by applying a pre-tightening force.

[0023] Further, the second energy absorption unit further includes a shear pin. The shear pin passes through the overlapping part of the expansion tube and one end of the extruding member. The shear pin breaks when it bears a shear force greater than the design value.

[0024] Further, the second energy absorption unit further includes a connecting member, and the extrusion member is connected to one of the rigid panels through the connecting member.

[0025] Further, the extrusion member and the connecting member are connected by welding, and the connecting member and the rigid panel are connected by bolts.

[0026] Further, the second energy absorption unit further includes a fixing member, and one end of the fixing member is connected to the expansion tube.

[0027] Further, the fixing member further includes an exhaust passage.

[0028] Further, a plurality of the second energy absorption units are included.

[0029] Further, the rigid panel has through holes for connecting between the secondary buffer energy absorption devices.

[0030] To achieve the above object, a second aspect of the present invention proposes a secondary buffer energy absorption system, including a plurality of the secondary buffer energy absorption devices, and the plurality of secondary buffer energy absorption devices are directly or indirectly connected in parallel with each other to form the secondary buffer energy absorption system.

[0031] Applying the above technical solutions of the present invention, at least the following technical effects are achieved:

[0032] 1. A secondary buffer energy absorption device proposed by the present invention includes a first energy absorption unit, a second energy absorption unit and a third energy absorption unit. The first energy absorption unit and the third energy absorption unit are connected in parallel to achieve coupled energy absorption; the third energy absorption unit and the first energy absorption unit form a whole and are connected in series with the second energy absorption unit, which can achieve secondary energy absorption. Compared with all energy-consuming parts deforming and absorbing energy simultaneously, the orderly energy absorption characteristic of the present invention can improve the utilization rate of energy-consuming materials in each part.

[0033] 2. After a secondary buffer energy absorption device proposed by the present invention is deformed due to an impact, only a small number of energy-consuming components need to be replaced to restore its use, and long-term impact protection for key positions inside and outside the nuclear power plant containment can be achieved.

[0034] 3. A secondary buffer energy absorption device proposed by the present invention has a wide range of applications, can be extended to large-scale infrastructures such as buildings, bridges, railways and energy structures, and can be assembled, disassembled on-site, without welding, and is convenient for storage, transportation and replacement of accessories.

[0035] 4. The secondary buffer energy absorption system proposed by the present invention includes a plurality of the secondary buffer energy absorption devices. The plurality of secondary buffer energy absorption devices are directly or indirectly connected in parallel to each other. Each secondary buffer energy absorption device can flexibly adjust the coverage size, installation angle, and energy consumption capacity according to the installation position, and the buffer energy absorption devices can form energy absorption structures of different sizes and shapes.

[0036] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The schematic diagrams in the specification forming a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 The schematic structural diagram of the secondary buffer energy absorption device in an embodiment is shown;

[0039] Figure 2 The schematic structural diagrams of the first and second energy absorption units in an embodiment are shown;

[0040] Figure 3 The schematic structural diagram of the rigid panel in an embodiment is shown;

[0041] Figure 4 The flowchart of the preparation of the energy absorption layer in an embodiment is shown;

[0042] Figure 5 The schematic structural diagram of the third energy absorption unit in an embodiment is shown;

[0043] Figure 6 The schematic structural diagram of the expansion tube in an embodiment is shown;

[0044] Figure 7 The schematic structural diagram of the shear pin in an embodiment is shown;

[0045] Figure 8 The schematic structural diagram of the fixing component in an embodiment is shown;

[0046] Figure 9 The schematic diagram of the planar assembly in an embodiment is shown;

[0047] Figure 10 The schematic diagram of the assembly on the arc surface in an embodiment is shown.

[0048] Reference numerals: 1, first energy absorption unit; 11, rigid panel; 12, energy absorption layer; 2, second energy absorption unit; 21, connecting member; 22, extrusion member; 24, expansion tube; 25, shear pin; 26, fixing member; 3, third energy absorption unit; 31, locking member; 32, connecting member; 33, friction block; 34, rotating shaft; 36, elastic block; 37, stop gasket. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0050] The following further describes the present invention in detail with specific embodiments, and these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope claimed by the present invention.

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] According to the first aspect of the present invention, a two-stage buffer energy absorption device is proposed, which includes a first energy absorption unit 1 and a second energy absorption unit 2. The first energy absorption unit 1 includes at least two rigid panels 11 and an energy absorption layer 12. The two rigid panels 11 are respectively located on both sides of the energy absorption layer 12, and the rigid panel 11 is in direct or indirect contact with the energy absorption layer 12. The second energy absorption unit 2 includes an extrusion member 22 and an expansion tube 24. One of the extrusion member 22 and the expansion tube 24 is directly or indirectly connected to one of the rigid panels 11. The expansion tube 24 is a hollow structure. One end of the extrusion member 22 is located inside the expansion tube 24, and the relative displacement between the extrusion member 22 and the expansion tube 24 dissipates energy through plastic deformation. The first energy absorption unit 1 and the second energy absorption unit 2 are in a series relationship.

[0053] In order to more accurately illustrate the connection relationship between the energy absorption units, the following definitions are made:

[0054] The "series" means that multiple objects or forces are connected in sequence, and each part bears the same load or force. In a series system, the deformation or displacement of each part is cumulative. The "parallel" means that multiple objects or forces act on the same node or area simultaneously, and each part bears different forces, but the total deformation or displacement is the same.

[0055] Specifically, as Figure 1-8 shown, the first energy absorption unit 1 is composed of two upper and lower rigid panels 11 and an energy absorption layer 12. The second energy absorption unit 2 is located below the first energy absorption unit, and the energy absorption layer 12 is sandwiched between the upper and lower rigid panels 11.

[0056] The energy absorbing layer is a deformable and recoverable structure. Furthermore, the energy absorbing layer is a mesh structure made of shape memory alloy. Specifically, the deformable and recoverable structure deforms and participates in energy dissipation when subjected to impact force. After the impact, the deformation can be restored by heating and can be reused without replacement. According to different protection requirements, the selection of recoverable energy absorbing structures can also include but is not limited to springs, electromagnetics, foaming, elastomers, etc. The preparation process of the mesh structure made of shape memory alloy is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, specifically: the flat plate is formed into a mesh plate by stamping (removing material) → the mesh plate is formed into a corrugated mesh plate by stamping (bending) → the corrugated mesh plate is formed into a dot structure by laser welding (superposition).

[0057] The rigid panel 11 has a through hole, and the through hole is used for connecting the secondary buffering and energy absorbing devices. Figure 2-3 As shown, the upper rigid panel has four corner openings for connection between the energy absorbing units, and the lower rigid panel has bolt holes at positions corresponding to the expansion tubes for assembly with the middle expansion tube structure.

[0058] The expansion tube 24 and the extrusion piece 22 are both rotating bodies. The maximum diameter of the extrusion piece 22 is greater than the maximum inner diameter of the expansion tube. The axis of the extrusion piece and the expansion tube coincide. The diameter of one end of the extrusion piece located in the expansion tube is smaller than the diameter of the other end of the extrusion piece. From the one end of the extrusion piece located in the expansion tube to the other end, the diameter of the extrusion piece increases continuously over at least part of the axial length. At least part of the extrusion piece is divided into an indefinite diameter section with a variable diameter and a definite diameter section with a constant diameter. There is an arc transition between the definite diameter section and the indefinite diameter section of the extrusion piece 22. The arc transition can prevent the larger diameter section of the extrusion piece 22 from being stuck outside the expansion tube 24. The expansion tube is a cylinder with a constant diameter. The second energy absorbing unit 2 also includes a connecting component, and the extrusion piece is connected to one of the rigid panels through the connecting component. The second energy absorbing unit 2 also includes a shear pin, which passes through the overlapped part of the expansion tube and one end of the extrusion piece. The shear pin breaks when subjected to a shear force greater than the design value. The extrusion member is connected to the connection member by welding, and the connection member is connected to the rigid panel by bolts. The second energy absorbing unit 2 also includes a fixing member, one end of which is connected to the expansion tube, and the fixing member also includes an exhaust channel.

[0059] Specifically, Figure 6-8As shown in the figure, the connecting component 21 is a square bolt plate with through holes at its four corners, which is used for bolt connection with the lower rigid panel in the upper first energy absorption unit 1. The central part of the bolt plate is welded to the extrusion part 22. The extrusion part 22 is divided into a cylindrical section with a constant diameter and a conical head section. The expansion tube 24 is a circular tube with a constant diameter. The shear pin 25 is a shear bolt. The lower part of the conical head section is placed in the expansion tube 24. Four radial bolt holes (which can be increased or decreased according to the specific installation position of the device and the impact force predicted by the impact condition) are opened at the same position on the side of the lower part of the conical head section and the upper part of the expansion tube, for screwing in the shear pin 25 to ensure that the extrusion part 22 and the expansion tube 24 are firmly connected when not under impact and will not separate due to the adjustment of the placement position and placement angle. The shear pin 25 is cut off after the force applied is greater than the designed fixed value, releasing the downward pressure work of the extrusion part.

[0060] The fixing component 26 is a steel plate with through holes in the middle and at its four corners. One side of the fixing component 26 is connected to the bottom of the expansion tube 24 by welding, and the other side is connected to the outside by bolts. The through hole in the middle of the fixing component 26 is an exhaust channel, which is used to prevent air explosion during the process of the expansion tube expanding in diameter. After the second energy absorption unit 2 participates in energy absorption, only the expansion tube 24 needs to be replaced, and the remaining components can be reused.

[0061] In other embodiments, one of the secondary buffer energy absorption devices includes a plurality of the second energy absorption units. Specifically, the lower rigid panel 11 of the first energy absorption unit 1 has multiple groups of bolt holes, and a plurality of connecting components 21 are respectively connected to the lower rigid panel 11 by bolts.

[0062] As Figure 1-2As shown, the secondary buffer energy absorption device further includes a third energy absorption unit 3. The third energy absorption unit 3 includes at least two connecting members. The two connecting members are directly or indirectly pressed against each other, relative displacement occurs between the two connecting members, and energy is dissipated through friction. One of the two connecting members 32 is connected to a rigid panel 11, and the other of the two connecting members 32 is connected to another rigid panel 11. The third energy absorption unit is connected in parallel with the first energy absorption unit, and the third energy absorption unit and the first energy absorption unit form a whole and are connected in series with the second energy absorption unit. Relative angular displacement occurs coaxially between the two connecting members. The third energy absorption unit further includes a friction block, the friction block is located between the two connecting members, and the friction block is pressed against the two connecting members. The third energy absorption unit further includes a locking member, and the locking member applies a clamping force to the two connecting members. The locking member is located outside the two connecting members. The third energy absorption unit further includes an elastic block, and the elastic block is located between the locking member and the two connecting members, and the elastic block increases the clamping force between the two connecting members. The locking member is a bolt and a nut, the bolt penetrates through the two connecting members, the elastic block and the friction block, and the nut and the bolt apply a clamping force to the two connecting members by applying a pre-tightening force.

[0063] Specifically, the energy absorption layer 12 is sandwiched between the upper and lower rigid panels 11, and the two are connected by the side third energy absorption unit 3 on the side. Moreover, the side third energy absorption unit 3 can provide a certain pre-tightening force for the rigid panel 11 and the middle energy absorption layer 12, so that the energy absorption layer 12 is firmly clamped between the upper and lower rigid panels 11, and close contact among the three is completed.

[0064] Based on the concept of the present invention, a more detailed schematic structure of the third energy absorption unit 3 is as Figure 5As shown in the figure. In this embodiment, the third energy absorption unit 3 mainly includes a locking member 31, a connecting member 32, a friction block 33, a rotating shaft 34, an elastic block 36, and a stop gasket 37. The locking member 31 is composed of a bolt and a nut. The bolt rod penetrates through the locking member 31, the connecting member 32, the friction block 33, the rotating shaft 34, the elastic block 36, and the stop gasket 37. Two nuts are respectively located at both ends of the bolt. The nuts and the elastic block keep the friction block 33 in a squeezed state between the two side members, providing a stable pressure for the generation of frictional force. The connecting member 32 is divided into an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod. Between the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are the friction block 33 and the rotating shaft 34. The rotating shaft 34 includes two parts, a flange nut and a sleeve. The sleeve is integrally connected to the side of the flange nut with a flange. The side of the flange nut with a flange and the lower connecting rod both have anti-slip tooth patterns. The rotating shaft 34 can make the lower connecting rod drive the rotating shaft 34 and the bolt rod to rotate synchronously, thereby generating a relative angular displacement with the friction block. Before the energy absorption device is stressed, the static frictional force generated by the friction block 33 under the pre-tightening force can keep the rigid panel 11 and the energy absorption layer 12 in a clamped state. After the energy absorption device is impacted, the connecting rod rotates to dissipate energy through friction, and the third energy absorption unit 3 and the first energy absorption unit are coupled to absorb energy.

[0065] The secondary buffer energy absorption device includes three energy absorption forms. One is that the upper first energy absorption unit 1 absorbs energy by the deformation of the energy absorption layer 12, and its triggering force is set as F1. The second is that the expansion tube 24 in the lower second energy absorption unit 2 dissipates energy through friction and plastic deformation during the process of the expansion of the extrusion member 22, and its triggering force is set as F2. The third is that the third energy absorption unit 3 dissipates energy by the friction of the friction block clamped between the connecting rods, and its triggering force is set as F3.

[0066] When the impact force F > F2 > F1 + F3, the first energy absorption unit 1 and the third energy absorption unit 3 are triggered, and the first energy absorption unit 1 and the third energy absorption unit 3 are coupled to absorb energy. When the impact force F > F1 + F3 > F2, the second energy absorption unit 2 is triggered first, the cone head presses down, and the expansion tube deforms to absorb energy. The energy absorption sequence between the first energy absorption unit 1 and the third energy absorption unit 3 as a whole and the second energy absorption unit 2 can be adjusted according to requirements. For example, if it is desired to achieve that the first energy absorption unit 1 and the third energy absorption unit 3 absorb energy first and then the second energy absorption unit 2 absorbs energy during the impact protection process, during the component design, by adjusting geometric dimensions, materials, etc., making F2 > F1 + F3 can achieve the target energy absorption effect.

[0067] Compared with the simultaneous deformation and energy absorption of all energy-consuming parts, the orderly energy absorption characteristic of the present invention can improve the utilization rate of energy-consuming materials in each part. For example, when F1 + F3 > F2, the second energy absorption unit 2 absorbs energy, and only the expansion tube 24 deforms. After the energy absorption is completed, only the expansion tube component needs to be replaced, and the components of the first energy absorption unit 1 can still be used continuously. Moreover, the energy absorption layer 12 in the present invention adopts a deformation-recoverable structure (such as a shape-memory alloy lattice material that can recover its shape by heating), and the truly easily worn part is only the friction block 33 in the third energy absorption unit 3, but it can also be used multiple times and is convenient to replace, and the overall device has high reusability.

[0068] According to the second aspect of the present invention, a secondary buffer energy absorption system is proposed, which includes a plurality of the secondary buffer energy absorption devices, and the plurality of secondary buffer energy absorption devices are directly or indirectly connected in parallel with each other to form the secondary buffer energy absorption system. Specifically, as Figure 9-10 shown, the secondary buffer energy absorption devices are connected by shear bolts. The first energy absorption unit adjusts the bending arc and bending direction according to the outer diameter or inner diameter of the containment vessel. After splicing a plurality of the secondary buffer energy absorption devices, a buffer energy absorption protection wall with a wider coverage area can be assembled, so that it can be flexibly installed and effectively protected for surfaces with different angles, shapes, and areas.

[0069] Applying the above technical solutions of the present invention, at least the following technical effects are achieved:

[0070] 1. A secondary buffer energy absorption device proposed by the present invention includes a first energy absorption unit, a second energy absorption unit, and a third energy absorption unit. The first energy absorption unit and the third energy absorption unit are connected in parallel to achieve coupled energy absorption; the third energy absorption unit and the first energy absorption unit form a whole and are connected in series with the second energy absorption unit, which can achieve secondary energy absorption. Compared with the simultaneous deformation and energy absorption of all energy-consuming parts, the orderly energy absorption characteristic of the present invention can improve the utilization rate of energy-consuming materials in each part.

[0071] 2. After being deformed by impact, a secondary buffer energy absorption device proposed by the present invention only needs to replace a small number of energy-consuming components to resume use, and can achieve long-term impact protection for key positions inside and outside the nuclear power plant containment vessel.

[0072] 3. A secondary buffer energy absorption device proposed by the present invention has a wide range of applications, can be extended to large-scale infrastructures such as buildings, bridges, and railways, and energy structures, and can be assembled and disassembled on-site without welding, which is convenient for storage, transportation, and replacement of accessories.

[0073] 4. The secondary buffer energy absorption system proposed by the present invention includes a plurality of the secondary buffer energy absorption devices, and the plurality of secondary buffer energy absorption devices are directly or indirectly connected in parallel to each other. Each secondary buffer energy absorption device can flexibly adjust the covering size, installation angle, and energy consumption capacity according to the installation position, and the buffer energy absorption devices can form energy absorption structures of different sizes and shapes.

[0074] Embodiment 2

[0075] According to the first aspect of the present invention, a secondary buffer energy absorption device is proposed, which includes a first energy absorption unit 1 and a second energy absorption unit 2. The first energy absorption unit 1 includes at least two rigid panels 11 and an energy absorption layer 12. The two rigid panels 11 are respectively located on both sides of the energy absorption layer 12, and the rigid panels 11 are directly or indirectly in contact with the energy absorption layer 12. The second energy absorption unit 2 includes an extrusion member 22 and an expansion tube 24. One of the extrusion member 22 and the expansion tube 24 is directly or indirectly connected to one of the rigid panels 11. The expansion tube 24 is a hollow structure. One end of the extrusion member 22 is located inside the expansion tube 24, and the relative displacement between the extrusion member 22 and the expansion tube 24 dissipates energy through plastic deformation. The first energy absorption unit 1 and the second energy absorption unit 2 are in a series relationship.

[0076] This embodiment is similar to Figure 1-2 the embodiment shown, the difference being that this embodiment does not include the third energy absorption unit 3. Specifically, the first energy absorption unit 1 is composed of two upper and lower rigid panels 11 and an energy absorption layer. The second energy absorption unit 2 is located below the first energy absorption unit. The upper end of the extrusion member 22 is welded to the lower rigid panel, and the lower part of the extrusion member is located inside the expansion tube. The lower end of the expansion tube is connected to the outside.

[0077] The secondary buffer energy absorption device includes two energy absorption forms. One is that the upper first energy absorption unit 1 absorbs energy by the deformation of the energy absorption layer 12, and its trigger force is set as F1. The other is that the expansion tube 24 in the lower second energy absorption unit 2 dissipates energy through friction and plastic deformation during the process of the extrusion member 22 expanding in diameter, and its trigger force is set as F2. When the impact force F > F2 > F1, the first energy absorption unit 1 is triggered. When the impact force F > F1 > F2, the second energy absorption unit 2 is triggered first, the conical head presses down, and the expansion tube deforms to absorb energy. The energy absorption sequence between the first energy absorption unit 1 and the second energy absorption unit 2 can be adjusted according to requirements. For example, if it is desired to achieve energy absorption by the first energy absorption unit 1 first and then by the second energy absorption unit 2 during impact protection, during component design, by adjusting geometric dimensions, materials, etc., making F2 > F1 can achieve the target energy absorption effect.

[0078] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a secondary buffer energy absorption system is proposed, which includes a plurality of the secondary buffer energy absorption devices, and the plurality of secondary buffer energy absorption devices are directly or indirectly connected in parallel with each other to form the secondary buffer energy absorption system. Specifically, as Figure 9-10 shown, the secondary buffer energy absorption devices are mechanically connected to each other. The first energy absorption unit adjusts the bending arc and bending direction according to the outer diameter or inner diameter of the containment vessel. After splicing a plurality of the secondary buffer energy absorption devices, a buffer energy absorption protection wall with a wider coverage area can be assembled, so that flexible installation and effective protection can be achieved for surfaces with different angles, shapes, and areas.

[0079] Applying the above technical solutions of the present invention, at least the following technical effects are achieved:

[0080] 1. A secondary buffer energy absorption device proposed by the present invention includes a first energy absorption unit and a second energy absorption unit. The first energy absorption unit is connected in series with the second energy absorption unit, and secondary energy absorption can be achieved. Compared with the simultaneous deformation and energy absorption of all energy-consuming parts, the orderly energy absorption characteristic of the present invention can improve the utilization rate of energy-consuming materials in each part.

[0081] 2. After a secondary buffer energy absorption device proposed by the present invention is deformed due to an impact, only a small number of energy-consuming components need to be replaced to restore its use, and long-term impact protection for key positions inside and outside the nuclear power plant containment vessel can be achieved.

[0082] 3. A secondary buffer energy absorption device proposed by the present invention has a wide range of applications and can be extended to large-scale infrastructure and energy structures such as buildings, bridges, and railways. Moreover, it can be assembled and disassembled on-site without welding, which is convenient for storage, transportation, and replacement of accessories.

[0083] 4. The secondary buffer energy absorption system proposed by the present invention includes a plurality of the secondary buffer energy absorption devices. The plurality of secondary buffer energy absorption devices are directly or indirectly connected in parallel with each other. Each secondary buffer energy absorption device can flexibly adjust the coverable size, installation angle, and energy-consuming capacity according to the installation position, and buffer energy absorption devices can form energy absorption structures of different sizes and shapes.

[0084] The above are only multiple specific implementation manners of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0085] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0086] It should be noted that in the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

Claims

1. A secondary buffer energy absorption device, characterized in that, It includes a first energy absorption unit (1) and a second energy absorption unit (2). The first energy absorption unit (1) includes at least two rigid panels (11) and an energy absorption layer (12). The two rigid panels (11) are respectively located on both sides of the energy absorption layer (12), and the rigid panels (11) are in direct or indirect contact with the energy absorption layer (12). The second energy absorption unit (2) includes an extrusion member (22) and an expansion tube (24). One of the extrusion member (22) and the expansion tube (24) is directly or indirectly connected to one of the rigid panels (11). The expansion tube (24) is a hollow structure. One end of the extrusion member (22) is located inside the expansion tube (24), and relative displacement between the extrusion member (22) and the expansion tube (24) dissipates energy through plastic deformation. The first energy absorption unit (1) and the second energy absorption unit (2) are in a series relationship.

2. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, wherein, The energy absorption layer (12) is a deformable and recoverable structure.

3. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 2, wherein The energy absorption layer (12) is a mesh structure made of shape memory alloy.

4. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Both the expansion tube (24) and the extrusion member (22) are rotating bodies.

5. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The maximum diameter of the extrusion member (22) is greater than the maximum inner diameter of the expansion tube (24), and the axes of the extrusion member (22) and the expansion tube (24) coincide.

6. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 4, wherein The diameter of the end of the extrusion member (22) located inside the expansion tube (24) is smaller than the diameter of the other end of the extrusion member (22). From the end of the extrusion member (22) located inside the expansion tube (24) to the other end, the diameter of the extrusion member (22) continuously increases over at least part of the axial length.

7. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The extrusion member (22) is divided into a variable-diameter non-constant-diameter section and a constant-diameter section. There is an arc transition between at least part of the constant-diameter section and the non-constant-diameter section of the extrusion member (22).

8. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, wherein The expansion tube (24) is a cylinder with a constant diameter.

9. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a third energy absorption unit (3). The third energy absorption unit includes at least two connecting members (32). The two connecting members (32) are directly or indirectly pressed against each other. Relative displacement occurs between the two connecting members (32) and energy is dissipated through friction. One of the two connecting members (32) is connected to one rigid panel (11), and the other of the two connecting members (32) is connected to the other rigid panel (11). The third energy absorption unit (3) is in parallel with the first energy absorption unit (1), and the third energy absorption unit (3) and the first energy absorption unit (1) form a whole and are in series with the second energy absorption unit (2).

10. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The two connecting members (32) rotate coaxially to have relative angular displacement.

11. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The third energy absorption unit (3) further includes a friction block (33). The friction block (33) is located between the two connecting members (32), and the friction block (33) is pressed against the two connecting members (32).

12. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 10, wherein, The third energy absorption unit (3) further includes a locking member (31). The locking member (31) applies a clamping force to the two connecting members (32).

13. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The locking member (31) is located outside the two connecting members (32).

14. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The third energy absorption unit (3) further comprises an elastic block (36), wherein the elastic block (36) is located between the locking member (31) and the two connecting members (32), and the elastic block (36) increases the clamping force between the two connecting members (32).

15. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 14, wherein The locking member (31) is a bolt and a nut, the bolt passes through the two connecting members (32), the elastic block (36) and the friction block (33), and the nut and the bolt apply a clamping force to the two connecting members (32) by applying a pre-tightening force.

16. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second energy absorbing unit further comprises a shear pin (25), wherein the shear pin (25) penetrates the overlapping portion of the expansion tube (24) and one end of the extrusion member (22), and the shear pin (25) breaks when subjected to a shear force greater than a design value.

17. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second energy absorbing unit (2) further comprises a connecting component (21), and the extrusion member (22) is connected to one of the rigid panels (11) via the connecting component (21).

18. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 17, wherein The extruded part (22) and the connecting component (21) are connected by welding, and the connecting component (21) and the rigid panel (11) are connected by bolts.

19. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second energy absorbing unit further comprises a fixing component (26), one end of which is connected to the expansion tube (24).

20. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The fixing component (26) also includes an exhaust passage.

21. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, wherein It comprises a plurality of the second energy absorbing units (2).

22. The secondary buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rigid panel (11) has a through hole, and the through hole is used for connecting the secondary buffering and energy absorbing devices.

23. A secondary buffer energy absorption system, using the secondary buffer energy absorption device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, comprising a plurality of the secondary buffer energy absorption devices, wherein the plurality of the secondary buffer energy absorption devices are directly or indirectly connected in parallel to form the secondary buffer energy absorption system.

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