Hydrogen storage cylinder and hydrogen storage cylinder pressure testing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen storage cylinder and a hydrogen storage cylinder pressure testing method, and the hydrogen storage cylinder comprises a hydrogen cylinder outer wall, a hydrogen cylinder inner wall, a plurality of flexible sensors which have a plurality of area sizes and are mutually independent are clamped between the hydrogen cylinder outer wall and the hydrogen cylinder inner wall, and can wrap the whole hydrogen storage cylinder, collect pressure data of a corresponding area, upload abnormal data when a preset threshold value is exceeded, and test the pressure of the hydrogen storage cylinder. The metal net outside the hydrogen bottle and in the interlayer can protect the sensor, and a plurality of areas divided by the sensor can position data. The pressure testing method comprises the steps of determining an application scene, calibrating a working condition and a safety threshold database, detecting pressure data in real time, comparing, analyzing and processing data by an upper computer controller, filtering through an algorithm, and outputting predicted life through machine learning and a dynamic life prediction algorithm according to historical data. According to the invention, the problems of limited detection depth, dependence on external equipment, existence of monitoring blind areas and the like in the prior art are solved, all-directional dead-corner-free real-time detection, rapid fault positioning and service life monitoring and prediction are realized, the safety is improved, a basis is provided for maintenance and replacement decisions, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a hydrogen storage bottle and a method for testing the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle. Background Art

[0002] As a clean, low-carbon and renewable energy source, hydrogen energy is widely used in vehicle power systems. It is converted into electrical energy through fuel cells to drive vehicles and heat energy for heating, etc. However, due to the low-density characteristics of hydrogen, high-pressure (35 MPa or 70 MPa) carbon fiber hydrogen storage bottles have become the main carriers for on-vehicle hydrogen storage. However, under extreme conditions such as vibration, impact, and collision, the storage safety problems of hydrogen storage bottles restrict the commercial development of the hydrogen energy industry. There is an urgent need to develop highly reliable and low-cost online health monitoring and life prediction technologies to solve problems such as the risk of tiny leaks and cost waste caused by redundant design life.

[0003] In related technologies, such as Chinese patents CN1181900301A, CN207622711U, and CN115218114B, the states of hydrogen storage bottles are monitored by means of internal pressure monitoring, external ultrasonic detection devices, local stress-strain patches, etc. However, there are still some problems: for example, the detection depth is limited, it is difficult to capture the tiny deformations and early leakage signals of the carbon fiber layer, and it cannot meet the requirements of high-precision safety monitoring; another example is that it relies on external additional equipment (such as inspection trolleys, slide rails) or complex signal acquisition systems, which are difficult to popularize in passenger cars / commercial vehicles and cannot achieve real-time online monitoring; moreover, the local patch or moving scanning method has monitoring blind spots and cannot effectively monitor the entire carbon fiber layer in all directions, and it is easy to miss weak links. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a hydrogen storage bottle and a method for testing the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a hydrogen storage bottle, the hydrogen storage bottle is made of carbon fiber material, and includes: an outer wall of the hydrogen bottle and an inner wall of the hydrogen bottle;

[0006] A flexible sensor is clamped between the outer wall of the hydrogen bottle and the inner wall of the hydrogen bottle;

[0007] There are multiple flexible sensors, and the multiple flexible sensors have various area sizes to wrap the entire hydrogen storage bottle, and the multiple flexible sensors are independent of each other;

[0008] The multiple flexible sensors collect pressure data of corresponding regions, and when the pressure data exceeds a preset threshold, the flexible sensor in the corresponding region uploads abnormal data.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution, a metal mesh is also provided between the outer side of the hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen cylinder interlayer. The metal mesh corresponds to the flexible sensor and is used to protect the flexible sensor.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution, the flexible sensor is divided into multiple regions, and each region is configured as a data positioning source.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution, a single flexible sensor is divided into Region 1, Region 2, Region 3, Region 4, and Region 5.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution, the installation steps of the flexible sensor include laying the flexible sensor on the inner surface of the carbon fiber layer during the manufacturing process of the hydrogen storage cylinder by carbon fiber winding;

[0013] After the flexible sensor is laid, a carbon fiber outer layer is wound outside the flexible sensor.

[0014] A method for testing the pressure of a hydrogen storage cylinder is also provided, and the steps include:

[0015] S100, determining the application scenario of the hydrogen storage cylinder, calibrating the working conditions of the flexible sensor, and determining the safety threshold database of the flexible sensor;

[0016] S200, the flexible sensor performs real-time detection on the pressures of multiple regions of the hydrogen storage cylinder to obtain pressure data;

[0017] S300, the flexible sensor sends the obtained pressure data to the upper computer controller, and the upper computer controller performs comparison analysis and processing on the pressure data to detect and judge abnormal data.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution, in step S300, the analysis and processing of the pressure data include:

[0019] Performing noise filtering on the pressure data through an algorithm to obtain the pressure data in the real state.

[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution, the algorithm includes a Kalman filtering algorithm or a wavelet transform algorithm.

[0021] As a further description of the above technical solution, it further includes step S400, obtaining historical pressure data, sending the historical pressure data to a machine learning model, obtaining the degradation law of the carbon fiber, and outputting a predicted life based on a dynamic life prediction algorithm.

[0022] As a further description of the above technical solution, in step S100, the safety threshold database includes safety thresholds of multiple flexible sensors.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. In the present invention, multiple flexible sensors with various area sizes and independent of each other are clamped between the outer wall and the inner wall of the hydrogen cylinder of the carbon fiber hydrogen storage cylinder, which can completely surround and wrap the hydrogen storage cylinder, collect pressure data of the corresponding area in real time, upload abnormal data when exceeding the preset threshold, the metal mesh can protect the flexible sensors, and the flexible sensors are divided into multiple areas as data positioning sources, which can quickly and accurately locate the fault point.

[0025] 2. The present invention combines the installation of flexible sensors with the carbon fiber winding manufacturing process, avoiding the complexity of external equipment.

[0026] 3. The pressure test method of the present invention calibrates the working conditions by determining the application scenario, detects the pressure data in real time, and the upper computer controller analyzes and processes the data (including noise filtering). It can also use historical data to output the predicted life through the machine learning model and the dynamic life prediction algorithm, reducing the input of product development costs and improving the cost performance.

[0027] 4. The present invention solves the problems in the prior art such as limited detection depth, dependence on external equipment, and monitoring blind areas, realizes the all-round and non-blind real-time detection of the hydrogen storage cylinder, rapid fault location and life monitoring and prediction, improves safety, provides a quantitative basis for safety maintenance and replacement decision-making, and reduces the cost waste caused by the redundancy of the design life. Description of the drawings

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the radial and axial directions of the hydrogen storage cylinder provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the multi-region division of the flexible sensors in the hydrogen storage cylinder provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow chart of the pressure test method for the hydrogen storage cylinder provided by the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 100, hydrogen storage cylinder; 110, outer wall of the hydrogen cylinder; 120, inner wall of the hydrogen cylinder; 130, flexible sensor; 131, Region 1; 132, Region 2; 133, Region 3; 134, Region 4; 135, Region 5; 200, host computer controller. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] The content of the present invention can be more easily understood by referring to the following detailed description of the preferred implementation methods of the present invention and the included embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. In case of contradiction, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0034] The present invention provides a hydrogen storage cylinder and a method for testing the pressure of the hydrogen storage cylinder, which solve the problems in the prior art that during the process of minute deformation and leakage of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, timely monitoring cannot be obtained, and when leakage occurs, rapid response to achieve alarm cannot be realized. In order to solve this problem in the prior art, generally external auxiliary devices are added for detection, but it is difficult to be applied in practice because the detection equipment is relatively complex, the operation difficulty is large, and real-time monitoring cannot be realized.

[0035] The technical concept of the present invention is to embed a flexible sensor in the form of a mesh structure inside the winding layer of a carbon fiber hydrogen storage cylinder to form an all-round monitoring unit integrated with the cylinder body. The sensor is protected by a multi-dimensional metal mesh material and is synchronously laid during the manufacturing process of the cylinder body, avoiding the complexity of external devices. By using the sensor to capture the micro-deformation and pressure fluctuation signals of the carbon fiber layer in real time, when the local deformation exceeds the preset threshold, the fault point can be quickly identified through matrix region positioning, realizing full-round and dead-angle-free real-time detection of the hydrogen storage cylinder and monitoring and predicting the service life of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0036] As Figure 1-2 shown, in one embodiment, a hydrogen storage cylinder, wherein the hydrogen storage cylinder 100 is made of carbon fiber material, and the specific structure of the hydrogen storage cylinder 100 includes: an outer wall 110 of the hydrogen cylinder and an inner wall 120 of the hydrogen cylinder. Both the outer wall 110 of the hydrogen cylinder and the inner wall 120 of the hydrogen cylinder are made of carbon fiber material, and the carbon fiber material has extremely high specific strength and can maintain stable structural performance under high-pressure working conditions of 35 MPa or 70 MPa, meeting the high-pressure requirements for hydrogen storage. It should be noted that the specific strength is the ratio of strength to density.

[0037] A flexible sensor 130 is clamped between the outer wall 110 of the hydrogen cylinder and the inner wall 120 of the hydrogen cylinder. Specifically, the flexible sensor 130 is laid inside the carbon fiber layer during the carbon fiber winding manufacturing process of the hydrogen storage cylinder 100. The composite structure formed by the carbon fiber layer through the winding process can effectively disperse the internal pressure, avoid local stress concentration, and improve the overall pressure-bearing safety of the hydrogen storage cylinder 100. At the same time, it can effectively protect the flexible sensor 130.

[0038] Moreover, a plurality of the flexible sensors 130 are provided, and the plurality of flexible sensors 130 have various area sizes to wrap the entire hydrogen storage cylinder 100. The plurality of flexible sensors 130 are independent of each other, and each flexible sensor 130 detects the area of a certain region of the hydrogen storage cylinder 100. Specifically, the number of the flexible sensors 130 can be adjusted according to the surface area of the hydrogen storage cylinder 100, so as to realize a fully enclosed structure of the flexible sensors 130 for the entire hydrogen storage cylinder 100.

[0039] The plurality of flexible sensors 130 collect pressure data of the corresponding regions. When the pressure data exceeds a preset threshold, the flexible sensors 130 in the corresponding regions upload abnormal data. Specifically, when the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder 100 undergoes a charge and discharge cycle, the flexible sensors 130 are subjected to internal and external pressure changes, so as to detect the minute changes of the gas cylinder. When the carbon fiber deformation exceeds the flexible sensing calibration boundary, it means that the carbon fiber layer of the cylinder group is damaged and there is a leakage risk in the cylinder group. The data acquisition system reports a fault code and takes effective measures to release the pressure in the cylinder to ensure the pressure-bearing safety of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0040] In one embodiment, a metal mesh (not shown in the figure) is further provided between the outer side of the hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen cylinder interlayer. The metal mesh corresponds to the flexible sensors 130. The metal mesh is used to protect the flexible sensors 130. Setting the flexible sensors 130 in the metal mesh can play a role in protecting the flexible sensors 130 to a certain extent and improve the service life of the flexible sensors 130.

[0041] In one embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, the flexible sensors 130 are divided into multiple regions, and each region is configured as a data positioning source. Specifically, the flexible sensors 130 with different area sizes and special shapes wound around the gas cylinder have independent characteristics. With the assistance of the reference coordinate position on the cylinder body, any abnormal data acquisition situation in any region can be quickly located in the cylinder body position in the form of a matrix. For example, the flexible sensors 130 are divided into a plane, including region one 131, region two 132, region three 133, region four 134, and region five 135. The designed plane size area is used as the data source for distinguishing the occurrence position of abnormal data. The information of the problem fault point is marked by the areas of different regions, and the data is marked and sorted by region division as a data distinguishing method. For example, the area of region one 131 is 3.5 cm 2 , and the data code of this region is No. 001. During normal operation, when the host controller 200 collects abnormal signals in the sensor position region with the serial number 001, it can report the fault situation, and the hydrogen supply system can make corresponding response measures in time. At the same time, it can quickly and accurately complete the analysis and search of the fault position and make corresponding plans for the fault situation.

[0042] Further, the reference coordinate position of the bottle body can use the geometric center of the hydrogen storage bottle 100 as the origin, define the axis direction of the bottle body as the Z-axis (longitudinal), define the circumferential tangent direction as the θ-axis (circumferential), and define the radial direction as the R-axis (radial) to construct a cylindrical coordinate system (R, θ, Z), covering the entire surface of the bottle body (including special-shaped structures such as the cylindrical section and the head transition zone). Then expand the cylindrical section into a two-dimensional plane (θ-Z plane), and use spherical coordinate parameters (such as latitude angle, longitude angle) for the head region to ensure that each position point has a unique coordinate (θ i , Z j ) or (latitude i , longitude j ), where each coordinate can correspond to the area of the corresponding code number of the flexible sensor 130. When an abnormality occurs at a certain position, the fault position can be determined by determining the area of the flexible sensor 130 corresponding to the coordinate, which is faster and more accurate.

[0043] In one embodiment, the installation steps of the flexible sensor 130 include that during the manufacturing process of the hydrogen storage bottle 100 by carbon fiber winding, the flexible sensor 130 is laid on the inner surface of the carbon fiber layer;

[0044] After the flexible sensor 130 is laid, carbon fiber outer layer is wound outside the flexible sensor 130.

[0045] In one embodiment, the skeleton structure of the flexible sensor 130 is designed, processed and applied according to the inner diameter size and shape of the hydrogen storage bottle 100. The flexible sensor 130 can be a flexible piezoresistive sensor or a flexible capacitive sensor, which can ensure good signal acquisition and signal transmission functions. At the same time, this type of structure has strong stability. After being implanted into the carbon fiber layer of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle, the structural strength is stable and the data acquisition accuracy is high, which can meet the safety use requirements of vehicle gas cylinders.

[0046] As Figure 3 shown, in one embodiment, a method for testing the pressure of a hydrogen storage bottle includes the following steps:

[0047] S100, determine the application scenario of the hydrogen storage bottle 100, calibrate the working conditions of the flexible sensor 130, and determine the safety threshold database of the flexible sensor 130 to avoid false alarms in data acquisition during the application of the flexible sensor 130 and clarify the usage boundary conditions of the sensor. The safety threshold database contains the safety threshold data of each flexible sensor 130.

[0048] S200. The flexible sensor 130 detects the pressures in multiple regions of the hydrogen storage cylinder 100 in real time to obtain pressure data. During the online detection process, the flexible sensor 130 reports data to the upper controller at a millisecond-level frequency, thereby achieving the purpose of real-time detection.

[0049] S300. The flexible sensor 130 sends the obtained pressure data to the upper computer controller 200, and the upper computer controller 200 compares, analyzes, and processes the pressure data to detect and judge abnormal data. During the analysis and processing, noise filtering can be performed on the pressure data through an algorithm to obtain the pressure data in the real state, eliminate high-frequency interference signals such as vehicle vibration noise, extract the real deformation trend, reduce the risk of data false alarms, and reduce the application risk of the hydrogen storage system.

[0050] Preferably, the filtering algorithm can select the Kalman filtering algorithm or the wavelet transform algorithm for noise filtering.

[0051] In one embodiment, it further includes S400. Obtain historical pressure data, send the historical pressure data to a machine learning model, obtain the degradation laws of the carbon fiber and the resin layer, and output a predicted life based on a dynamic life prediction algorithm.

[0052] Specifically, the machine learning model can be trained using historical data including normal and abnormal conditions. Preferably, the machine learning model is an LSTM neural network and a support vector machine. Establish a mapping relationship between deformation, number of cycles, and degree of damage, and learn the degradation law of the carbon fiber layer under long-term loads. And use a dynamic life prediction algorithm such as based on Miner's linear fatigue cumulative damage theory, combined with real-time stress-strain data, to calculate the fatigue damage cumulative value of each region. Introduce a health index, defined as the deviation degree of the current state from the initial reference value. By fitting the historical damage curve. Preferably, the damage curve adopts models such as the exponential decay model and the Weibull distribution, extrapolate the remaining safe service life under the current degradation rate, and output a predicted life, such as a reminder message that the remaining charge-discharge cycle number is 2000 times or it is recommended to replace after 12 months.

[0053] In summary, through the above technical solutions, the health status, remaining life, and risk level of the hydrogen cylinder can be output in real time, providing a quantitative basis for safety maintenance and replacement decisions, and solving problems such as rough life prediction and high costs caused by redundant design in the prior art.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage cylinder, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage bottle is made of carbon fiber material and includes: a hydrogen bottle outer wall and a hydrogen bottle inner wall; A flexible sensor is clamped between the hydrogen bottle outer wall and the hydrogen bottle inner wall; There are multiple flexible sensors, and the multiple flexible sensors have various area sizes to wrap the entire hydrogen storage bottle, and the multiple flexible sensors are independent of each other; The multiple flexible sensors collect pressure data of the corresponding areas, and when the pressure data exceeds a preset threshold, the flexible sensors in the corresponding areas upload abnormal data.

2. The hydrogen storage cylinder according to claim 1, wherein, A metal mesh is also provided between the outside of the hydrogen bottle and the inner layer of the hydrogen bottle, and the metal mesh corresponds to the flexible sensor, and the metal mesh is used to protect the flexible sensor.

3. The hydrogen storage cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible sensor is divided into multiple areas, and each area is configured as a data positioning source.

4. The hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 3, characterized in that, A single flexible sensor is divided into Area One, Area Two, Area Three, Area Four, and Area Five.

5. The hydrogen storage cylinder according to claim 1, wherein, The installation steps of the flexible sensor include that during the manufacturing process of winding the hydrogen storage bottle with carbon fiber, the flexible sensor is pasted on the surface of the inner layer of carbon fiber; After the flexible sensor is pasted, a carbon fiber outer layer is wound outside the flexible sensor.

6. A method for testing the pressure of a hydrogen storage bottle, characterized in that the steps It includes: S100, determining the application scenario of the hydrogen storage bottle, calibrating the working conditions of the flexible sensor, and determining the safety threshold database of the flexible sensor; S200, the flexible sensor performs real-time detection on the pressures of multiple areas of the hydrogen storage bottle to obtain pressure data; S300, the flexible sensor sends the obtained pressure data to the upper computer controller, and the upper computer controller performs comparison analysis and processing on the pressure data to detect and judge abnormal data.

7. The hydrogen storage bottle pressure test method according to claim 6, characterized in that In step S300, the analysis and processing of the pressure data include: Performing noise filtering on the pressure data through an algorithm to obtain the pressure data in the real state.

8. The hydrogen storage bottle pressure test method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The algorithm includes a Kalman filter algorithm or a wavelet transform algorithm.

9. The hydrogen storage bottle pressure test method according to claim 6, characterized in that, It further includes step S400, obtaining historical pressure data, sending the historical pressure data to a machine learning model, obtaining the degradation law of carbon fiber, and outputting a predicted life based on a dynamic life prediction algorithm.

10. The hydrogen storage bottle pressure test method according to claim 6, wherein In step S100, the safety threshold database includes the safety thresholds of multiple flexible sensors.

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