Bearing device for structure test

Abstract

The invention discloses a bearing device for a structure test, and relates to the technical field of structure tests, and the bearing device comprises a support frame which is provided with a guide wheel assembly; the protection frame is arranged on the outer side of the supporting frame, a guide part is arranged on the lower portion of the inner side of the protection frame, and the extension direction of the guide part is perpendicular to the rotation axis direction of the guide wheel assembly. The sliding assembly is movably arranged on the guide part and can slide in the extension direction of the guide part, and the upper surface of the sliding assembly makes contact with the bottom of the guide wheel assembly; the bottom of the sliding assembly is used for being connected with a vertical loading device. According to the bearing device for the structure test, the accuracy of large-load vertical loading test data can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of structural testing, and particularly to a loading device for structural testing. Background Art

[0002] When conducting large-load vertical loading tests in the current structural testing field, it is usually necessary to ensure that the vertical load moves together with the specimen. At present, testers generally use polytetrafluoroethylene sliding plates, linear guides, and round rollers as the carriers of the sliding device. However, the polytetrafluoroethylene sliding plate has a large friction coefficient, serious wear, and low surface hardness. During large-load structural loading tests, the generated frictional force is large, the medium wears quickly, and the resistance during the sliding process is large, which greatly affects the accuracy of test data. Although the linear guide has a relatively small friction coefficient, it has very high requirements for the straightness and flatness of the installation surface. At the same time, the connecting load-bearing member requires very high stiffness to prevent excessive deformation of the load-bearing member from damaging the ball support structure inside the linear guide slider. Therefore, the connecting load-bearing member has a large size, high processing difficulty, and high cost. At the same time, the linear guide is expensive, and the structural testing environment is poor and prone to slider breakage, requiring high maintenance costs. If the damaged slider is not discovered and replaced in time, the loading unit will fall off, posing a great safety hazard and affecting the accuracy of data. The round roller device is a split structure composed of an upper pressure plate, a lower pressure plate, and round rollers. Although it uses rolling friction and can reduce the wear and damage of the load-bearing mechanism, during the loading test, the lower pressure plate will move relative to the upper pressure plate along with the round rollers, resulting in no guiding function for this structure. During movement, it will tilt in the horizontal direction and cannot move in a straight line, causing inaccurate test data and affecting the accuracy of test data.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a technical solution that can improve the accuracy of large-load vertical loading test data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a loading device for structural testing to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve the accuracy of large-load vertical loading test data.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a loading device for structural testing, including: A support frame, on which a guide wheel assembly is provided; A protective frame is arranged outside the support frame. A guiding part is provided below the inner side of the protective frame, and the extension direction of the guiding part is perpendicular to the rotation axis direction of the guide wheel assembly; The sliding component is movably arranged on the guiding part and can slide along the extension direction of the guiding part. The upper surface of the sliding component contacts the bottom of the guide wheel component; the bottom of the sliding component is used to connect the vertical loading device.

[0006] Preferably, it further includes a cross beam of the bearing frame. The top of the support frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cross beam of the bearing frame. Two protective frames are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support frame, and the top of the protective frame is fixedly connected to the cross beam of the bearing frame.

[0007] Preferably, the guide wheel component includes a guide wheel shaft and guide wheels. The two ends of the guide wheel shaft are fixedly penetrated through the support frame, and the guide wheels are movably sleeved on the guide wheel shaft. The bottom of the guide wheel contacts the upper surface of the sliding component.

[0008] Preferably, the guide wheel component includes a guide wheel shaft and guide wheels. The two ends of the guide wheel shaft are movably penetrated through the support frame, and the guide wheels are fixedly sleeved on the guide wheel shaft. The bottom of the guide wheel contacts the upper surface of the sliding component.

[0009] Preferably, multiple groups of needle roller bearings are penetrated on the guide wheel shaft. The inner ring of the needle roller bearing is fixedly connected to the guide wheel shaft, and an outer ring of each group of needle roller bearings is sleeved with a guide wheel.

[0010] Preferably, it further includes a limiting member. The limiting member is fixedly arranged on the guide wheel and is screwed to the end face of the guide wheel with screws and rotates with the guide wheel and the outer side end face of the outer ring of the needle roller bearing, and the limiting member abuts against the outer side end face of the outer ring of the needle roller bearing.

[0011] Preferably, the guiding part includes a guiding slideway fixedly arranged at the bottom of the protective frame, and the sliding component slides on the guiding slideway.

[0012] Preferably, the sliding component includes a sliding plate. A locking hole is arranged on the sliding plate, and a locking member is movably penetrated in the locking hole. The top of the locking member can pass through the locking hole and then be fixedly connected to the support frame.

[0013] Preferably, multiple guide wheel shafts are arranged in parallel on the support frame, and guide wheels are arranged on each guide wheel shaft.

[0014] Preferably, multiple support plates are arranged in parallel on the support frame. The support plates are arranged perpendicular to the guide wheel shafts, and the part of the guide wheel shaft located between the support frames is fixedly penetrated through multiple support plates in sequence; multiple guide wheels are sleeved on the guide wheel shaft. The guide wheels are located between two adjacent support plates, and there are gaps between the end faces on both sides of the guide wheel and the side walls of the adjacent support plates.

[0015] The present invention has achieved the following technical effects compared with the prior art: In the present invention, by adopting the contact between the guide wheel assembly and the upper surface of the sliding assembly to form a rolling motion mode, the load distribution of the sliding assembly is made uniform, which can reduce the wear and damage of the device during use. Moreover, the guiding part of the protective frame can limit and guide the horizontal movement process of the sliding assembly, avoiding skew during its horizontal movement, reducing errors, greatly improving the test efficiency and accuracy of vertical heavy-load structure tests, greatly increasing the effective utilization efficiency of the test force, and reducing the influence of adverse factors; the manufacturing and installation costs are greatly reduced through a relatively easy-to-implement processing and installation method; the reasonable layout of the rolling components improves the stress concentration phenomenon of the test force in the structural loading test, greatly increasing the service life and safety of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the loading device for structural tests in one or some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 Another-angle structural schematic diagram of the loading device for structural tests in one or some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 Structural schematic diagram of the loading device for structural tests in one or some embodiments of the present invention after connecting the cross beam of the loading frame and the vertical loading device; Figure 4 Another-angle structural schematic diagram of the loading device for structural tests in one or some embodiments of the present invention after connecting the cross beam of the loading frame and the vertical loading device; Figure 5 Side structural schematic diagram of the support frame and the protective frame of the loading device for structural tests in one or some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 6 Partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the guide wheel assembly of the loading device for structural tests in one or some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 7 Structural schematic diagram of the loading device for structural tests in one or some embodiments of the present invention after the locking member fixes the sliding plate to the support frame.

[0018] In the figure: 1 - needle roller bearing, 2 - retaining ring, 3 - sliding plate, 4 - self-lubricating bearing support, 5 - protective frame, 6 - support frame, 7 - guide wheel shaft, 8 - guide wheel end cover, 9 - guide wheel, 10 - cross beam of the load-bearing frame, 11 - loading oil cylinder, 12 - test piece, 13 - locking piece. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part rather than all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a load-bearing device for structural tests to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve the accuracy of large-load vertical loading test data.

[0021] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0022] In order to ensure that the vertical load moves together with the specimen, the existing structural test load-bearing device generally uses a sliding friction device to achieve its horizontal movement. When the vertical load is large, the wear degree is relatively large. In order to reduce wear, a prior art uses an upper pressure plate, a lower pressure plate, and round rollers to form a split-type rolling friction structure. Although the rolling friction can reduce the wear and damage of the load-bearing mechanism, when the loading test is carried out, the lower pressure plate will move relative to the upper pressure plate together with the round rollers. This structure has no guiding function and will tilt in the horizontal direction during movement and cannot move in a straight line, resulting in inaccurate test data. To solve this technical problem, the present invention provides a load-bearing device for structural tests, refer to Figures 1 to 7As shown in the figure, it includes a support frame 6, and a guide wheel assembly made of high-strength alloy structural steel is provided on the support frame 6; a protective frame 5 is arranged outside the support frame 6, a guiding part is provided below the inner side of the protective frame 5, and the extending direction of the guiding part is perpendicular to the rotation axis direction of the guide wheel assembly; a sliding assembly is movably arranged on the guiding part and can slide along the extending direction of the guiding part, and the upper surface of the sliding assembly contacts the bottom of the guide wheel assembly; the bottom of the sliding assembly is used to connect a vertical loading device. In this embodiment, the vertical loading device adopts a loading oil cylinder 11, and the bottom of the loading oil cylinder 11 is connected to a specimen 12, which can provide a vertical loading force for the specimen 12 and can move horizontally synchronously with the sliding assembly. The specimen 12 is an object for structural testing and can provide vertical and horizontal reaction forces. In the present invention, the guide wheel assembly uses a rolling method as the movement method for horizontal sliding. The rolling method has small friction and high movement efficiency during movement, which can not only increase the utilization rate of effective energy but also reduce the influence of friction on the test force, ensuring the accuracy of test data; the guiding part of the present invention has a guiding function, which can ensure that the rolling direction is always in a straight line and can offset the influence of lateral forces, greatly reducing the test error; the present invention uses high-strength alloy structural steel as the rolling component and conducts strengthening heat treatment, and the processing process is simple and the cost is low, and it can work normally under large load test forces, with high safety.

[0023] In the present invention, by adopting the contact between the guide wheel assembly and the upper surface of the sliding assembly to form a rolling motion mode, the load distribution of the sliding assembly is uniform, which can reduce the wear and damage of the device during use, and the guiding part of the protective frame 5 can limit and guide the horizontal movement process of the sliding assembly, avoiding deflection during its horizontal movement, reducing the error, greatly improving the test efficiency and accuracy of the vertical heavy-load structure test, greatly increasing the effective utilization efficiency of the test force, and reducing the influence of adverse factors; the manufacturing and installation costs are greatly reduced through a relatively easy-to-implement processing and installation method; the reasonable layout of the rolling components improves the stress concentration phenomenon of the test force in the structural loading test, greatly increasing the service life and safety of the device.

[0024] In one embodiment, the upper part of the protective frame 5 can be fixedly connected to the support frame 6 by structures such as bolts and screws. The guiding part is located at the lower part of the support frame 6. As long as there is a space between the guiding part of the protective frame 5 and the support frame 6 to accommodate the sliding assembly and does not interfere with the installation of the sliding assembly, in this embodiment, the guiding part is located below the support frame 6 and can accommodate and bear both ends of the sliding assembly.

[0025] In another embodiment, in order to simplify the structure and provide fixation and bearing capacity for the device of the present invention, a bearing frame cross beam 10 is designed in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the support frame 6 and the protection frame 5 adopt a split structure. The top of the support frame 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bearing frame cross beam 10. Two protection frames 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support frame 6. The top of the protection frame 5 is fixedly connected to the bearing frame cross beam 10. After the support frame 6 of this embodiment is installed on the bearing frame cross beam 10, there is a gap between the area where the guide wheel assembly is installed and the bearing frame cross beam 10. Thus, after the guide wheel assembly is installed, the upper surface of the guide wheel 9 will not contact the bottom of the bearing frame cross beam 10, and the bearing frame cross beam 10 will not interfere with the rotation of the guide wheel 9. The guiding part of this embodiment includes a guiding slideway fixedly arranged at the bottom of the protection frame 5, and the sliding assembly is slidably arranged on the guiding slideway. In order to make the guiding function of the protection frame 5 more accurate, in one embodiment, the protection frame 5 is designed as an integral structure, and its cross-section is L-shaped, including a vertically connected part and a horizontally connected part integrally formed. The top of the vertically connected part is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bearing frame cross beam 10. The horizontally connected part is located inside the bottom of the vertically connected part, and the upper surface of the horizontally connected part forms a guiding slideway. Self-lubricating bearing supports 4 are arranged on the guiding slideway and inside the vertically connected part. The self-lubricating bearing supports 4 contact the two ends of the sliding assembly and / or contact the bottoms of the two ends of the sliding assembly, providing vertical and horizontal guiding and supporting functions for the sliding assembly. That is, in one case, the self-lubricating bearing supports 4 contact the two ends of the sliding assembly or the self-lubricating bearing supports 4 contact the bottoms of the two ends of the sliding assembly; in another case, the self-lubricating bearing supports 4 contact the two ends of the sliding assembly, and the self-lubricating bearing supports 4 also contact the bottoms of the two ends of the sliding assembly at the same time. Specifically, self-lubricating bearing supports 4 are vertically installed inside the protection frame 5. The self-lubricating bearing supports 4 contact the side surface of the sliding plate 3 and can slide. Self-lubricating bearing supports 4 are horizontally installed on the guiding slideway inside the protection frame 5. The sliding plate 3 is placed on the self-lubricating bearing supports 4 and can slide. The protection frame 5 has the function of preventing the sliding plate 3 from falling off and disengaging, greatly increasing the safety of the device. At the same time, the protection frame 5 also has a guiding function to ensure that the sliding plate 3 can move in a straight line.

[0026] There is no limitation on the specific structure of the guide wheel assembly as long as it can provide rolling friction with the sliding assembly. Therefore, the guide wheel assembly can adopt a rotating shaft passing through the support frame 6, and a roller is sleeved on the rotating shaft to achieve rolling friction contact with the sliding assembly. In a specific embodiment, the support frame 6 is a rectangular frame structure. The guide wheel assembly includes a guide wheel shaft 7 and a guide wheel 9. The two ends of the guide wheel shaft 7 are movably passed through the support frame 6. A guide wheel 9 is fixedly sleeved on the guide wheel shaft 7. The bottom of the guide wheel 9 contacts the upper surface of the sliding assembly. By the rotation of the guide wheel shaft 7 on the support frame 6, the guide wheel 9 can be driven to rotate synchronously. Furthermore, through the contact between the bottom of the guide wheel 9 and the upper surface of the sliding assembly, rolling friction required for the horizontal rolling of the sliding assembly is provided.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, a solution of fixing the guide wheel shaft 7 and rotating the guide wheel 9 can also be adopted. In this embodiment, both ends of the guide wheel shaft 7 are fixedly passed through the support frame 6. A guide wheel 9 is movably sleeved on the guide wheel shaft 7. The bottom of the guide wheel 9 contacts the upper surface of the sliding component. In this embodiment, a plurality of guide wheel shafts 7 are arranged in parallel on the support frame 6, and a guide wheel 9 is provided on each guide wheel shaft 7. The layout of the guide wheel shafts 7 in this embodiment is uniform and symmetrically arranged. The number of the layout of the guide wheel shafts 7 is an even number, and the number of the guide wheels 9 on each guide wheel shaft 7 is also an even number. Adopting an even number layout can greatly reduce the stress concentration phenomenon of the load-bearing components and evenly distribute the bearing capacity, which is an excellent and reliable load-bearing method, greatly improving the reliability and service life of the device.

[0028] When the loading oil cylinder 11 is connected to the test piece 12 and a vertical force is applied, the sliding plate 3 moves upward due to the reaction force and contacts the guide wheel 9. At the same time, when the test piece 12 is subjected to a horizontal test force, the loading oil cylinder 11 rolls and moves on the guide wheel 9 along with the sliding plate 3, ensuring that the vertical force always acts vertically on the test piece 12. This can not only ensure that the loading oil cylinder 11 is not damaged due to the horizontal bending moment, but also guarantee the accuracy of the test data, making the present invention form a safe and reliable vertical and horizontal heavy-duty rolling bearing device for structural tests.

[0029] In order to further improve the bearing capacity and make the load distribution more uniform, in a preferred embodiment, a plurality of support plates are arranged in parallel on the support frame 6. The support plates are arranged perpendicular to the guide wheel shaft 7, and the part of the guide wheel shaft 7 located between the support frames 6 is fixedly passed through the plurality of support plates in sequence, thereby improving the safety of the guide wheel shaft. At this time, the guide wheel shaft 7 is fixed and the guide wheel 9 can rotate on the guide wheel shaft 7; when the guide wheel shaft 7 rotates and the guide wheel 9 is fixed to the guide wheel shaft 7, the guide wheel shaft 7 can also be movably passed through the plurality of support plates; an even number of guide wheels 9 are sleeved on the guide wheel shaft 7. The guide wheels 9 are located between two adjacent support plates, and there are gaps between the end faces on both sides of the guide wheel 9 and the side walls of the adjacent support plates. The support plates will not interfere with the rotation of the guide wheel 9, and the support plates can provide an auxiliary support function for the guide wheel shaft 7. The top of the support plate can also be fixedly connected to the support frame cross beam 10 together with the support frame 6, making the connection of the support frame 6 more stable.

[0030] In this embodiment, in order to enable the guide wheel 9 to rotate more smoothly on the guide wheel shaft 7, a plurality of sets of needle bearings 1 are passed through the guide wheel shaft 7. The inner ring of the needle bearing 1 is fixedly connected to the guide wheel shaft 7 by a retaining ring 2. The retaining ring 2 fixes the needle bearing 1 on the guide wheel shaft 7 to prevent its horizontal movement; an outer ring of each set of needle bearings 1 is sleeved with a guide wheel 9. The needle bearing 1 provides a rotating and supporting function for the guide wheel 9.

[0031] To prevent the guide wheel 9 and the needle roller bearing 1 from moving along the axis direction of the guide wheel shaft 7, causing horizontal deflection, a limiting member is designed in one embodiment. The limiting member is fixedly arranged on the guide wheel 9. The limiting member is screwed to the end face of the guide wheel 9 with screws and rotates with the guide wheel 9 and the outer ring of the needle roller bearing 1. And the limiting member abuts against the outer side end face of the outer ring of the needle roller bearing 1, realizing the axial limitation of the needle roller bearing 1 through the limiting member. In a specific embodiment, the limiting member adopts a guide wheel end cover 8. The guide wheel end cover 8 is fixedly arranged on the guide wheel 9, and a flange is arranged inside the guide wheel end cover 8. The flange abuts against the outer end face of the adjacent needle roller bearing 1, fixing the needle roller bearing 1 in the guide wheel 9 to prevent it from moving horizontally. In order not to interfere with the rolling contact between the guide wheel 9 and the sliding assembly, the outer diameter size of the guide wheel end cover 8 is smaller than the outer diameter size of the guide wheel 9, so that the surface of the guide wheel 9 can smoothly roll-contact with the upper surface of the sliding assembly. In this embodiment, the guide wheel end cover 8 presses against and fixes the outer ring of the needle roller bearing 1 on the guide wheel 9 to prevent the needle roller bearing 1 from moving horizontally in the guide wheel 9. The inner ring of the needle roller bearing 1 is fixed on the guide wheel shaft 7 through a snap ring 2 to prevent the needle roller bearing 1 from moving horizontally on the guide wheel shaft 7. The guide wheel 9 is made of high-strength alloy structural steel and has characteristics such as high strength and high toughness. Both ends of the guide wheel shaft 7 are fixed on the support frame 6. The support frame 6 is connected to the cross beam 10 of the load-bearing frame through bolts, providing a supporting force for the guide wheel shaft 7.

[0032] By adopting technologies such as a rolling motion mode and uniform load distribution, the present invention greatly improves the test efficiency and accuracy of vertical heavy-load structure tests, greatly increases the effective utilization efficiency of the test force, and reduces the influence of adverse factors; the manufacturing and installation costs are greatly reduced through a relatively easy-to-realize processing and installation method; the reasonable layout of the guide wheel assembly improves the stress concentration phenomenon of the test force in the structural loading test, greatly increasing the service life and safety of the device.

[0033] As Figure 7 shown, in one embodiment, the sliding assembly includes a sliding plate 3. The sliding plate 3 is provided with a locking hole, and a locking member 13 is movably inserted through the locking hole. The top of the locking member 13 can pass through the locking hole and be fixedly connected to the support frame 6. The locking member 13 can adopt structures such as bolts or screws, so that the device of the present invention can also be used for pure vertical loading. When the device does not need to slide horizontally, in order to prevent the loading oil cylinder 11 from moving horizontally due to lateral component forces, the locking member 13 can be connected to the support frame 6 through the locking hole on the sliding plate 3, so that the sliding plate 3 is fixedly connected to the support frame 6. At this time, the upper surface of the sliding plate 3 presses upward against the guide wheel 9 and is fixedly pressed and contacted with the surface of the guide wheel 9. The sliding plate 3 is fixed to the support frame 6, thereby restricting the position of the sliding plate 3 and ensuring that the sliding plate 3 does not move.

[0034] All components of the device of the present invention are made of high-strength alloy structural steel, which has the characteristics of high strength, high toughness, etc. According to the principle of friction, the device of the present invention belongs to rolling friction, with a low coefficient of friction, making the sliding device move more smoothly with less resistance, reducing the wear caused by large friction, and at the same time extending the service life of the device.

[0035] Specific examples are used in the present invention to illustrate the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A loading device for structural tests, characterized in that: Comprising: A support frame, on which a guide wheel assembly is provided; A protective frame, arranged outside the support frame, a guiding portion is provided below the inner side of the protective frame, and the extending direction of the guiding portion is perpendicular to the rotation axis direction of the guide wheel assembly; A sliding assembly, movably arranged on the guiding portion and capable of sliding along the extending direction of the guiding portion, the upper surface of the sliding assembly contacts the bottom of the guide wheel assembly; the bottom of the sliding assembly is used for connecting a vertical loading device.

2. The load-bearing device for structural tests according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a bearing frame cross beam, the top of the support frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bearing frame cross beam, two of the protective frames are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support frame, and the top of the protective frame is fixedly connected to the bearing frame cross beam.

3. The load-bearing device for structural tests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide wheel assembly includes a guide wheel shaft and guide wheels, the two ends of the guide wheel shaft are fixedly penetrated through the support frame, the guide wheels are movably sleeved on the guide wheel shaft, and the bottom of the guide wheels contacts the upper surface of the sliding assembly.

4. The load-bearing device for structural tests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide wheel assembly includes a guide wheel shaft and guide wheels, the two ends of the guide wheel shaft are movably penetrated through the support frame, the guide wheels are fixedly sleeved on the guide wheel shaft, and the bottom of the guide wheels contacts the upper surface of the sliding assembly.

5. The load-bearing device for structural tests according to claim 3, characterized in that: Multiple groups of needle bearings are penetrated through the guide wheel shaft, the inner rings of the needle bearings are fixedly connected to the guide wheel shaft, and an outer ring of each group of needle bearings is sleeved with a guide wheel.

6. The load-bearing device for structural tests according to claim 5, wherein: It further includes a limiting member, the limiting member is fixedly arranged on the guide wheel, and the limiting member abuts against the outer side end surface of the outer ring of the needle bearing.

7. The load-bearing device for structural tests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guiding portion includes a guiding slideway fixedly arranged at the bottom of the protective frame, and the sliding assembly slides on the guiding slideway.

8. The load-bearing device for structural tests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding assembly includes a sliding plate, a locking hole is provided on the sliding plate, a locking member is movably penetrated through the locking hole, and the top of the locking member can pass through the locking hole and then be fixedly connected to the support frame.

9. The load-bearing device for structural tests according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: A plurality of the guide wheel shafts are arranged in parallel on the support frame, and the guide wheels are provided on each of the guide wheel shafts.

10. The load-bearing device for structural tests according to claim 9, characterized in that: A plurality of support plates are arranged in parallel on the support frame, the support plates are arranged perpendicular to the guide wheel shafts, and the portions of the guide wheel shafts located between the support frames are fixedly penetrated through the plurality of support plates in sequence; a plurality of the guide wheels are sleeved on the guide wheel shafts, the guide wheels are located between two adjacent support plates, and gaps are provided between the end surfaces on both sides of the guide wheels and the side walls of the adjacent support plates.

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