Sponge city rainwater runoff control test device and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a sponge city rainwater runoff control test device and a use method thereof, and particularly relates to the technical field of rainfall test, the test device comprises a sand table body, an artificial simulation rainfall system, a mode conversion module, a drainage assembly and a detection assembly, the sand table body comprises an infrastructure model, a traditional facility model and an LID facility model, a mode conversion module is arranged between the traditional facility model and the LID facility model, the mode conversion module comprises a sliding cover plate and a guide rail, and the guide rail is used for supporting the sliding cover plate to slide. According to the invention, rainfall and drainage in reality are simulated based on a similarity theory, a digital display screen displays a runoff volume dynamic change curve before and after sponge conversion, the control capability of different types of sponge city facilities on rainfall runoff under different rainfall intensities can be researched, and mode conversion modules before and after sponge city construction are arranged, so that the control capability of the sponge city facilities on the rainfall runoff is improved under the same rainfall working condition. And the control test of different LID facility models is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of precipitation tests. More specifically, the present invention relates to a sponge city rainwater runoff control test device and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] A sponge city is a new generation of urban rain and flood management concept, which means that a city can be like a sponge and has good elasticity in adapting to environmental changes and coping with natural disasters brought by rainwater. It can also be called a water-elastic city. The international general term is the construction of a low-impact development rainwater system. When it rains, it absorbs, stores, infiltrates, and purifies water. When needed, the stored water is released and utilized. This is beneficial to restoring the urban water ecosystem, conserving water resources, enhancing the urban flood prevention ability, expanding effective investment in public products, improving the quality of new urbanization, and promoting harmonious development between humans and nature.

[0003] The sponge city rainwater runoff control test device is an important means to study the LID facilities and the construction effect of the sponge city. Through the dynamic test of rainwater runoff control, the contribution rate of various types of LID facilities to rainwater runoff control can be effectively demonstrated, providing a scientific guiding basis for optimizing the composition and selection of LID facilities.

[0004] Most of the existing other sponge city test devices are simple tests on the rainwater infiltration and storage effects under the combination of several typical low-impact development facilities. They lack a water supply and drainage system designed based on the principle of fluid mechanics similarity and cannot achieve the switching between LID facilities. The acquisition of test data is relatively complex and not intuitive and concise enough. Summary of the Invention

[0005] A sponge city rainwater runoff control test device and a method for using the same provided by the present invention aim to solve the following problems: Most of the existing other sponge city test devices are simple tests on the rainwater infiltration and storage effects under the combination of several typical low-impact development facilities. They lack a water supply and drainage system designed based on the principle of fluid mechanics similarity and cannot achieve the switching between LID facilities. The acquisition of test data is relatively complex and not intuitive and concise enough.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A sponge city rainwater runoff control test device includes a sand table body, an artificial rainfall simulation system, a mode conversion module, a drainage component, and a detection component. The sand table body includes an infrastructure model, a traditional facility model, and an LID facility model; The artificial rainfall simulation system is used to spray water above the sand table body to simulate rainfall; The drainage component includes a first drainage pipe network and a second drainage pipe network. The first drainage pipe network is used to collect the infiltrated rainwater, overflow rainwater of each sand table model of the LID facility model, and the excessive runoff rainwater on the hard ground surfaces of each infrastructure model; A mode conversion module is arranged between the traditional facility model and the LID facility model. The mode conversion module includes a sliding cover plate and a guide rail. The guide rail is used to support the sliding of the sliding cover plate. The sliding cover plate covers the corresponding sand table model in the corresponding traditional facility model or LID facility model by sliding, so as to realize the conversion of the test mode.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the infrastructure model includes a hardened square model, a house model and a road model. A rainwater inlet is arranged on the side of the road model. The traditional facility model includes a traditional green space model and a hardened parking lot model. The LID facility model includes a sunken green space model, a rain garden model and a permeable pavement model. Rainwater overflow pipes are arranged in the sunken green space model and the rain garden model. The traditional green space model, the sunken green space model, the rain garden model and the permeable pavement model are all carried by unit bearing frames, and drainage blind pipes are arranged at the bottoms of the unit bearing frames. Multiple groups of traditional green space models are provided. The sunken green space model is placed corresponding to one group of traditional green space models, the rain garden model is placed corresponding to another group of traditional green space models, and the permeable pavement model is placed corresponding to the hardened parking lot model. And three groups of mode conversion modules are also provided. The three groups of mode conversion modules are respectively arranged on the sunken green space model and the traditional green space model, the rain garden model and the traditional green space model, and the permeable pavement model and the hardened parking lot model.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the test device further includes a sand table base. The sand table body is arranged in an ornamental frame. A support plate is arranged on the top of the sand table base. The support plate is used to carry the sand table body and the ornamental frame. An overhaul area is arranged inside the sand table base. A water tank assembly is arranged in the overhaul area. The water tank assembly includes a first water tank and a second water tank. The first water tank is connected with a water tank inlet pipe and a water tank overflow pipe. A water tank overflow pipe is arranged on the second water tank. A water replenishing pipe is arranged between the first water tank and the second water tank. The water replenishing pipe is located in the upper area. Water tank drain pipes are arranged on both the first water tank and the second water tank. The water tank drain pipes and the water tank overflow pipes on the first water tank and the second water tank finally flow into a water outlet main pipe and are discharged from the device. There is a reuse pump and a liquid level sensor in the second water tank. The outlet pipeline of the reuse pump is connected with the first water tank through the water replenishing pipe.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the artificial rainfall simulation system includes a water supply pipe. Multiple groups of branch spray pipes are installed on the water supply pipe. The multiple groups of branch spray pipes are evenly arranged above the sand table body. Stainless steel conical rainfall nozzles are arranged on the branch spray pipes. The water supply pipe is connected with a water supply pump, and the water supply pump is connected with the first water tank.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the first drainage pipe network includes a first main drainage pipe, first branch drainage pipes, and road rainwater collection pipes. The first main drainage pipe is connected to the second water tank. Each road rainwater collection pipe is docked with a rainwater inlet provided on the road model. The road rainwater collection pipes, rainwater overflow pipes, and drainage blind pipes in each sand table model of the LID facility model are connected to the first main drainage pipe through the first branch drainage pipes. The second drainage pipe network includes second branch drainage pipes and a second main drainage pipe. The second branch drainage pipes are connected to the drainage blind pipes in the traditional green space model. Each second branch drainage pipe is connected to the first water tank through the second main drainage pipe. The detection assembly includes a main pipe flowmeter and a humidity detector. The main pipe flowmeter is provided on the first main drainage pipe for detecting the flow rate of the first drainage pipe network, and the humidity detector is used for detecting the relative humidity of the planting soil layer.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, baffles are provided around the top of the sliding cover plate. The baffles form a collection groove on the top of the sliding cover plate. A discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the baffles. The discharge pipe is connected to the first water tank through a water pipe. A transverse chute is provided on the guide rail. Sliding convex plates are provided on both sides of the sliding cover plate. The sliding convex plates are slidably engaged in the transverse chute, and a ball is provided between the bottom of the sliding convex plate and the transverse chute. A sealing rubber strip is provided on the top of the sliding convex plate.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, a seepage guiding assembly is connected to the drainage blind pipe. The drainage blind pipe is composed of an external sponge layer and an internal built-in mesh pipe. Multiple holes are provided on the built-in mesh pipe. The seepage guiding assembly includes a transfer box. A positive pressure conveying channel is provided on the sliding cover plate. The positive pressure conveying channel is connected to an inflation device through a pipeline. A negative pressure suction pipe is fixedly connected to the transfer box. The negative pressure suction pipe is connected to an air extraction device.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a concave area is provided on one side of the bottom of the transfer box. A large-diameter guiding pipe and a small-diameter guiding pipe are installed at the bottom of the transfer box. The small-diameter guiding pipe is located at the concave area. Both the large-diameter guiding pipe and the small-diameter guiding pipe are connected to the corresponding drainage pipe network. A large-flow sorting flowmeter is installed on the large-diameter guiding pipe, and a small-flow sorting flowmeter is installed on the small-diameter guiding pipe. A large-buoyancy floating plug is slidably provided above the pipe orifice of the large-diameter guiding pipe, and a small-buoyancy floating plug is slidably provided above the pipe orifice of the small-diameter guiding pipe. A guiding through-ring is provided on the inner wall of the bottom of the transfer box. A pulling rope is connected between the large-buoyancy floating plug and the small-buoyancy floating plug, and the pulling rope passes through the guiding through-ring.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a filtering structure is further installed in the transfer box. The filtering structure is a flexible filter mesh structure. The periphery of the filtering structure is fixedly connected to the first drainage pipe network. A sliding rod is fixedly connected to the top of both the large-buoyancy floating plug and the small-buoyancy floating plug. The sliding rod is slidably provided in the transfer box, and the top end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the filtering structure.

[0015] A method for using a test device for rainwater runoff control in a sponge city, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Adjust the time relay of the PLC control system to set the rainfall duration, and slide the sliding covers to the upper parts of the sunken green space model, rain garden model, and permeable pavement model respectively; Step 2: Turn on the rainfall switch, so that the water supply pump pumps water from the first water tank, and the rainfall evenly falls on the surface of the sand table body through the conical nozzles at the ends of the branch spray pipes. When the rainfall time reaches the set duration of the time relay, the artificial rainfall simulation system automatically closes, and the test process of the experimental group ends; Step 3: Slide the sliding covers to the upper parts of the adjacent traditional green space model and hardened parking lot model respectively; Step 4: Repeat the above Step 2 to start the test process of the control group; Step 5: Turn on the water return switch, start the water reuse pump, pump the water in the second water tank to the first water tank, and when the liquid level in the second water tank drops to the low water level, the low liquid level relay of the PLC control system starts, and the water return automatically closes.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By proportionally miniaturizing the underlying surface layout of the actual sponge city construction plant area, and setting up road / hard ground rainwater inlets, LID facility models, drainage blind pipes, and drainage pipe network systems according to the principle of similarity in fluid mechanics, when simulating rainfall according to the storm intensity formula, rainwater gradually accumulates, generates runoff, part enters the rainwater pipe network system, and part is intercepted and consumed by the LID facility models, ensuring that the demonstration of the entire device is more in line with the actual situation and the test is more scientific.

[0017] By setting a mode conversion module before and after the sponge city construction, under the same rainfall conditions, a control test of different LID facilities can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the viewing frame of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of each sand table model of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sand table base of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the artificial rainfall simulation system of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6This is the overall structural schematic diagram of the first drainage pipe network of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is the overall structural schematic diagram of the second drainage pipe network of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a simple view of the mode conversion module of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is the structural schematic diagram of the improved mode conversion module of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 This is the cross-sectional view of the improved sliding cover plate of the mode conversion module of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 Enlarged view of the structure of part A.

[0029] Figure 12 This is the overall structural schematic diagram of the seepage guiding component of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 13 This is the state diagram of the present invention when the large-diameter guiding pipe is closed and the small-diameter guiding pipe is opened when the seepage flow rate decreases.

[0031] Figure 14 This is the flow chart of the usage method of the test device of the present invention.

[0032] The reference numerals are as follows: 1, sand table body; 11, infrastructure model; 111, hardened square model; 112, house model; 113, road model; 12, traditional facility model; 121, traditional green space model; 122, hardened parking lot model; 13, LID facility model; 131, sunken green space model; 132, rain garden model; 133, permeable pavement model; 2, sand table base; 21, support plate; 22, maintenance area; 23, maintenance door; 3, viewing frame; 31, unit bearing frame; 4, artificial simulated rainfall system; 41, water supply pipe; 42, branch spray pipe; 43, water supply pump; 5, mode conversion module; 51, sliding cover plate; 511, baffle; 512, drain pipe; 513, positive pressure conveying channel; 514, sliding convex plate; 52, guide rail; 521, horizontal chute; 6, drainage assembly; 61, first drainage pipe network; 611, first drainage main pipe; 612, first drainage branch pipe; 613, road rainwater collection pipe; 614, rainwater overflow pipe; 615, drainage blind pipe; 6151, built-in mesh pipe; 62, second drainage pipe network; 621, second drainage main pipe; 622, second drainage branch pipe; 7, water tank assembly; 71, first water tank; 72, second water tank; 721, reuse pump; 722, liquid level sensor; 73, water tank inlet pipe; 74, water tank overflow pipe; 75, make-up water pipe; 8, detection assembly; 81, main pipe flowmeter; 82, humidity detector; 83, large flow sub-inspection flowmeter; 84, small flow sub-inspection flowmeter; 9, seepage guiding assembly; 91, transfer box; 911, sunken area; 912, guiding through-ring; 92, negative pressure suction pipe; 93, large-diameter guiding pipe; 931, large buoyancy floating plug; 94, small-diameter guiding pipe; 941, small buoyancy floating plug; 95, filtering structure; 96, pulling rope; 97, sliding rod. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] The following further describes the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out here that the following specific implementation manners are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application according to the above application content.

[0034] Refer to the attached drawings of the specification Figures 1 to 13 , a sponge city rainwater runoff control test device, comprising a sand table body 1, a sand table base 2, a viewing frame 3, an artificial simulated rainfall system 4, a mode conversion module 5, a drainage assembly 6, a water tank assembly 7, a detection assembly 8 and a digital display system. Among them, the sand table body 1 is arranged in the viewing frame 3, the viewing frame 3 and the sand table body 1 are arranged on the sand table base 2, the viewing frame 3 is bonded by four pieces of transparent tempered glass, and the sand table body 1 includes an infrastructure model 11, a traditional facility model 12 and an LID facility model 13; The infrastructure model 11 includes a hardened square model 111, a house model 112 and a road model 113. The hardened square model 111 is a hardened ground surface, and an acrylic plate is used for model simulation. The main body of the house model 112 is assembled from plastic sheets, and the bottom floor area thereof is simulated by an acrylic sheet; The road model 113 is made of a plate that is not easily deformed, and support structures are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the plate to support it and install it on the sand table base 2. The road model 113 is waterproofly bonded to the unit bearing frame 31 or other structures of other corresponding models in the surrounding area, and is designed with a slope. Rainwater outlets are arranged at certain intervals, and the rainwater outlets are connected to the road rainwater collection pipe 613.

[0035] The traditional facility model 12 includes a traditional green space model 121 and a hardened parking lot model 122. The traditional green space model 121 is supported by a unit supporting frame 31. The internal structure is sequentially provided with a gravel drainage layer (simulated by ceramsite), a planting soil layer and (the vegetation layer is simulated by simulated high permeability turf) from bottom to top. A drainage blind pipe 615 is provided in the gravel drainage layer. The height of the gravel drainage layer exceeds the height of the drainage blind pipe 615. The drainage blind pipe 615 in the traditional green space model 121 is connected to the second drainage branch pipe 622. The height of the planting soil layer is determined according to the overall elevation and slope of the underlying surface of the sand table. The second drainage pipe network 62 is connected to the traditional green space model 121 through the second drainage main pipe 621 and the second drainage branch pipe 622. Thus, the second drainage pipe network 62 is connected to the water collection blind pipe of the drainage layer at the bottom of the green space and the first water tank at the end, so as to collect the infiltrated rainwater of the green space and discharge it into the first water tank for reuse. The hardened parking lot model 122 is a hardened ground surface, and an acrylic plate is used for model simulation, with a thickness of 1 cm and a rough surface treatment.

[0036] The LID facility model 13 includes a sunken green space model 131, a rain garden model 132 and a permeable pavement model 133. The sunken green space model 131 is composed of a gravel drainage layer (simulated by ceramsite), a planting soil layer, and a vegetation layer (simulated by simulated high permeability turf, and model grass or model flowers are placed) from bottom to top. The sunken green space model 131 is supported by a unit supporting frame 31, and a water storage layer is reserved at the top. A drainage blind pipe 615 is built in the gravel drainage layer, and the drainage blind pipe 615 is connected to the first drainage branch pipe 612. A rainwater overflow pipe 614 is provided in the sunken green space model 131. The rain garden model 132 is composed of a gravel drainage layer (simulated by ceramsite), a transition layer (simulated by activated carbon particles), and a planting soil layer from bottom to top. The rain garden model 132 is supported by a unit support frame 31, and a submerged green space aquifer is reserved at the top. A drainage blind pipe 615 is built in the gravel drainage layer, and the drainage blind pipe 615 is connected to the first drainage branch pipe 612. The permeable pavement model 133 consists of a gravel drainage layer (simulated by ceramsite), a dry - hard cement mortar layer, and a permeable brick layer from bottom to top. The sunken green space model 131 is carried by the unit carrier frame 31. Among them, a drainage blind pipe 615 is built in the gravel drainage layer, and the drainage blind pipe 615 is connected to the first drainage branch pipe 612.

[0037] It should be noted that in the above sand table model, the hardened square model 111, the house model 112, the road model 113, the traditional green space model 121, and the hardened parking lot model 122 are sand table models of five types of traditional underlying surface facilities, while the sunken green space model 131, the rain garden model 132, and the permeable pavement model 133 are sand table models of three types of typical LID facilities. Each sand table model is arranged as shown in the attached Figure 3 description. The sand table body 1 is composed of multiple underlying surface types. The surface elevation and slope design of the corresponding sand table model comply with the relevant regulations of the "Building Water Supply and Drainage Design Standard" (GB 50015 - 2019). Among them, the traditional green space model 121, the sunken green space model 131, the rain garden model 132, and the permeable pavement model 133 are all carried by the rectangular unit carrier frame 31 made of transparent plexiglass. The internal filler filling design of each is based on the "Technical Guide for Sponge City Construction - Construction of Low - Impact Development Rainwater Systems (Trial)". The drainage blind pipe 615 is laid in the corresponding bottom gravel drainage layer to collect rainwater, and the height position of the drainage blind pipe 615 matches the elevation system of the first drainage network.

[0038] A mode conversion module 5 is set between the traditional facility model 12 and the LID facility model 13. The mode conversion module 5 includes a sliding cover plate 51 and a guide rail 52. The guide rail 52 is used to support the sliding of the sliding cover plate 51. The guide rail 52 is installed on the corresponding sand table model. The sliding cover plate 51 covers the corresponding sand table model by sliding into the corresponding traditional facility model 12 or LID facility model 13 to achieve the conversion between the traditional mode and the LID mode. Specifically, referring to the attached Figure 2 configuration of the description, multiple groups of traditional green space models 121 are set. Among them, the sunken green space model 131 is placed corresponding to one group of traditional green space models 121, the rain garden model 132 is placed corresponding to another group of traditional green space models 121, the permeable pavement model 133 is placed corresponding to the hardened parking lot model 122, and the mode conversion module 5 is also set to three groups. The three groups of mode conversion modules 5 are respectively set on the sunken green space model 131 and the traditional green space model 121, the rain garden model 132 and the traditional green space model 121, and the permeable pavement model 133 and the hardened parking lot model 122. Correspondingly, by sliding the sliding cover plate 51 to cover the corresponding sand table model, the corresponding other group of sand table models can be exposed for the corresponding mode test.

[0039] Refer to the attached instructions Figure 4 , a support plate 21 is provided on the top of the sand table base 2, and the support plate 21 is used to carry the sand table body 1. Among them, the sand table base 2 is a cavity enclosure structure with vertical steel supports inside. A circle of supporting structures is provided on the inner side of the upper part of the sand table base 2. The support plate 21 is placed on this supporting structure, and the upper surface of the base cover plate is flush with the upper surface of the enclosure structure of the sand table base 2. A certain gap is left between the four peripheral edges of the support plate 21 and the inner wall of the enclosure structure of the sand table base 2 to form a clamping groove for fixing the viewing frame 3. Among them, a maintenance door 23 is provided on the side of the sand table base 2, and a circuit control area (i.e., the actual control circuit of each device) is provided on the sand table base 2. The support plate 21 is hollowed out near the maintenance door 23 to serve as an internal maintenance area 22.

[0040] Refer to the attached instructions Figures 5 to 7 , the water tank assembly 7 includes a first water tank 71 and a second water tank 72. The first water tank 71 and the second water tank 72 are placed in the maintenance area 22 of the sand table base 2. The first water tank 71 is connected with a water tank inlet pipe 73 and a water tank overflow pipe 74. The second water tank 72 is provided with a water tank overflow pipe 74. A water replenishing pipe 75 is provided between the first water tank 71 and the second water tank 72. The water replenishing pipe 75 is located in the upper area. Water tank drain pipes are provided on both the first water tank 71 and the second water tank 72. The water tank drain pipes and the water tank overflow pipe 74 on the first water tank 71 and the second water tank 72 finally flow into the outlet main pipe to discharge the device. There is a reuse pump 721 (submersible pump) and a liquid level sensor 722 in the second water tank 72. The liquid level sensor 722 is arranged below the lowest liquid level of the second water tank 72 for real-time monitoring of the liquid level of the second water tank 72. The outlet pipeline of the reuse pump 721 is connected with the first water tank 71 through the water replenishing pipe 75 to replenish the water in the second water tank 72 into the first water tank 71.

[0041] Refer to the attached instructions Figure 5, the artificial rainfall simulation system 4 includes a water supply pipe 41, on which multiple groups of branch spray pipes 42 are installed. The multiple groups of branch spray pipes 42 are evenly arranged above the sand table body 1. Stainless steel conical rainfall nozzles are arranged on the branch spray pipes 42. Among them, the water supply pipe 41 and the branch spray pipes 42 are a large resistance water distribution pipe system. The water supply pipe 41 is connected to a water supply pump 43, and the water supply pump 43 is connected to the first water tank 71 and supplied with water by the first water tank 71, which can realize the rainfall function under three working conditions of heavy rain, moderate rain, and light rain. Among them, the water supply pipe 41 is the main water distribution pipe. The water supply pipe 41 is vertically lifted to a certain height above the geometric center of the surface of the sand table body 1. A main water distribution pipe is arranged at the top of the water supply pipe 41. The main water distribution pipe is horizontally connected to multiple branch spray pipes 42 (i.e., water distribution branch pipes) arranged at equal distances and symmetrically. The end of the branch spray pipe 42 is connected to a stainless steel conical rainfall nozzle, and the rainfall spraying range covers the entire surface of the sand table. The rated flow range of the conical rainfall nozzle covers the design flow rates of the three rainfall working conditions.

[0042] The drainage assembly 6 includes a first drainage pipe network 61 and a second drainage pipe network 62. Refer to the attached Figure 6 , the first drainage pipe network 61 includes a first main drainage pipe 611, first drainage branch pipes 612, road rainwater collection pipes 613, rainwater overflow pipes 614, and drainage blind pipes 615. Among them, the first main drainage pipe 611 is connected to the second water tank 72. Each road rainwater collection pipe 613 is connected to a rainwater inlet set on the road model 113. The rainwater overflow pipes 614 are arranged in the sunken green space model 131 and the rain garden model 132. The drainage blind pipes 615 are arranged in the gravel drainage layers of each LID facility model 13 (i.e., the gravel drainage layers of the sunken green space model 131, the rain garden model 132, and the permeable pavement model 133). The road rainwater collection pipes 613, rainwater overflow pipes 614, and drainage blind pipes 615 are connected to the first main drainage pipe 611 through the first drainage branch pipes 612. The first drainage pipe network 61 is used to collect the infiltrated rainwater, overflow rainwater of each sand table model of the LID facility model 13, and the excessive runoff rainwater on the hard ground surfaces of each infrastructure model 11, and discharge them into the second water tank 72 for reuse.

[0043] Refer to the attached Figure 7 , the second drainage pipe network 62 includes second drainage branch pipes 622 and a second main drainage pipe 621. The second drainage branch pipes 622 are connected to the drainage blind pipes 615 in the gravel drainage layer at the bottom of the traditional green space model 121. Each second drainage branch pipe 622 is connected to the first water tank 71 through the second main drainage pipe 621. The second drainage pipe network 62 is used to collect the infiltrated rainwater of the traditional green space model 121 and discharge it into the first water tank for reuse.

[0044] The detection component 8 includes a main pipeline flowmeter 81 and a humidity detector 82. The main pipeline flowmeter 81 is arranged on the first drainage main pipeline 611 and is used to detect the flow rate of the first drainage pipe network 61, so as to judge the drainage effect of the system. The humidity detector 82 is used to detect the relative humidity of the planting soil layer, so as to judge the water seepage effect of the corresponding sand table model. Specifically, humidity detectors 82 are arranged in the planting soil layers of the traditional green space model 121, the sunken green space model 131 and the rain garden model 132.

[0045] The digital display system includes a liquid level sensor 722, a detection component 8, a data conversion unit, a data cloud platform and a display. The liquid level sensor 722 is used to collect the liquid level data during the test. The main pipeline flowmeter 81 is used to collect relevant data such as the drainage speed. The humidity detector 82 is used to collect the water seepage effect and corresponding data of the corresponding sand table model. The data conversion unit converts the above data into instantaneous detection data (including drainage flow data, humidity data of the corresponding sand table model, etc.); the data cloud platform is used to receive the instantaneous flow data from the data conversion unit and transmit it to the display; the display real-time displays the change of the runoff volume during the test, and automatically calculates the total runoff control rate, runoff peak control rate and runoff peak delay time after the test.

[0046] By setting the liquid level sensor 722 to monitor the water level change in real time, combining the detection of the internal flow rate of the first drainage main pipeline 611 and the humidity of the corresponding sand table model, converting the above detection results into runoff flow data, using the data platform and the display terminal to automatically display the change curves of the surface runoff volume under the same rainfall conditions before and after the construction of the sponge city in real time, and can automatically calculate the total runoff control rate, runoff peak reduction rate and runoff peak delay time after the construction of the sponge city.

[0047] In the above embodiment, the corresponding sand table model can be covered and the mode can be converted by sliding the sliding cover plate 51. However, since the rainfall mode of the artificial rainfall system 4 is relatively uniform and can effectively cover the entire sand table body 1, although the sliding cover plate 51 can form a cover for the corresponding sand table model, its surface will also receive rainwater, and the received rainwater will flow to other areas, affecting the accurate test judgment of other sand table models. Therefore, in this embodiment, the sliding cover plate 51 is improved. Specifically, refer to the attached Figure 9 illustration. There are baffles 511 arranged around the top of the sliding cover plate 51. The baffles 511 form a collection groove on the top of the sliding cover plate 51. There is a drain pipe 512 arranged at the bottom of the baffles 511. The drain pipe 512 is connected to the first water tank 71 through a water pipe, so as to avoid the sliding cover plate 51 guiding the rainwater to other sand table models.

[0048] In the above embodiments, since the test device can perform simulation tests and conversion controls in real-time cycles, the test device can continuously perform simulation tests for a long time and multiple times. Although the sunken green space model 131, the rain garden model 132, and the permeable pavement model 133 have good drainage performance, due to their many internal structures, their drainage is mainly seepage. After the test is stopped, it is necessary to wait for the rainwater inside to fully seep out. However, this process is relatively slow and it takes a certain amount of time to wait before subsequent tests can be carried out again. Therefore, the present embodiment also provides the following technical solutions. A seepage guiding component 9 is connected to the corresponding drainage blind pipe 615, and the mode conversion module 5 is correspondingly improved. Specifically, according to the attached Figures 9 to 13 , the drainage blind pipe 615 is composed of an external sponge layer and an internal built-in mesh pipe 6151. A plurality of holes are provided on the built-in mesh pipe 6151. The seepage guiding component 9 includes a transfer box 91. A positive pressure conveying channel 513 is provided on the sliding cover plate 51. The positive pressure conveying channel 513 is connected to an inflation device (air pump) through a pipe. The inflation device is used to convey gas into the positive pressure conveying channel 513. A negative pressure extraction pipe 92 is fixedly connected to the transfer box 91. The negative pressure extraction pipe 92 is connected to an extraction device (air extraction pump). The extraction device forms a negative pressure in the transfer box 91 through the negative pressure extraction pipe 92. Taking the sunken green space model 131 as an example, when it is necessary to convert the test mode, the sliding cover plate 51 is horizontally pulled above the unit bearing frame 31 of the sunken green space model 131 to form a sealed whole with the unit bearing frame 31. At this time, a large amount of water still remains in each layer of materials in the sunken green space model 131. Then, gas is inflated into the unit bearing frame 31 through the positive pressure conveying channel 513, so that the air pressure in the area above the sunken green space model 131 increases. This air pressure has a downward pushing effect on the moisture through the gaps between the filler parts. At the same time, the extraction of the negative pressure extraction pipe 92 forms a negative pressure at the bottom of the unit bearing frame 31 for the drainage blind pipe 615, which helps to accelerate the discharge of the remaining moisture in cooperation with the high pressure above, so as to restore the humidity of the corresponding filler to the standard state and ensure that the initial state of the corresponding sand table model is the same for each test.

[0049] It should be noted that the above seepage guiding component 9 is mainly set for each sand table model of the LID facility model 13. When necessary, the drainage blind pipe 615 of the traditional green space model 121 can also be equipped with the seepage guiding component 9. In order to prevent air leakage between the sliding cover plate 51 and the unit bearing frame 31, refer to the attached Figure 11, a transverse chute 521 is provided on the guide rail 52, sliding convex plates 514 are provided on both sides of the sliding cover plate 51, the sliding convex plates 514 are slidably engaged in the transverse chute 521, and a ball is provided between the bottom of the sliding convex plate 514 and the transverse chute 521. A sealing strip is provided on the top of the sliding convex plate 514. Thus, when blowing air into the unit carrying frame 31, the sliding cover plate 51 has a tendency to bulge upward, so that the sealing strip on the top of the sliding convex plate 514 can fit more tightly with the transverse chute 521, improving the sealing effect. Similar sealing structures can also be provided at other positions of the sliding cover plate 51 to strengthen the sealing.

[0050] Further, in the above embodiment, when initially discharging seepage water, the amount of seepage water is relatively large and can almost fill the entire pipeline. Therefore, the flow meter structure provided on this pipeline can effectively record the discharge flow rate, and thus effectively measure and detect the seepage water discharge. However, in the later stage, the seepage speed slows down and the amount of seepage water decreases relatively. Therefore, if the pipeline is relatively large, it is difficult for the subsequent water volume to fill the entire pipeline, resulting in the flow meter structure being unable to accurately monitor. If the pipeline is relatively small, it is difficult to meet the requirements during the initial discharge. For this reason, this embodiment also provides the following technical solutions. Specifically, refer to the attached Figure 12 and Figure 13 , a concave area 911 is provided on one side of the bottom of the transfer box 91. A large-diameter guiding pipe 93 and a small-diameter guiding pipe 94 are installed at the bottom of the transfer box 91. The small-diameter guiding pipe 94 is located at the concave area 911. Both the large-diameter guiding pipe 93 and the small-diameter guiding pipe 94 are connected to the corresponding drainage pipe networks. For example, the large-diameter guiding pipe 93 and the small-diameter guiding pipe 94 in the LID facility model 13 are connected to the first drainage branch pipe 612, and the large-diameter guiding pipe 93 and the small-diameter guiding pipe 94 in the traditional green space model 121 are connected to the second drainage branch pipe 622. A large-flow sorting flow meter 83 is installed on the large-diameter guiding pipe 93, and a small-flow sorting flow meter 84 is installed on the small-diameter guiding pipe 94. A large-buoyancy floating plug 931 is slidably arranged above the pipe orifice of the large-diameter guiding pipe 93, and a small-buoyancy floating plug 941 is slidably arranged above the pipe orifice of the small-diameter guiding pipe 94. A guiding through-ring 912 is provided on the inner wall of the bottom of the transfer box 91. The large-buoyancy floating plug 931 and the small-buoyancy floating plug 941 are connected by a pulling rope 96, and the pulling rope 96 passes through the guiding through-ring 912.

[0051] It should be noted that in the same liquid, the buoyancy of the large-buoyancy floating plug 931 is greater than that of the small-buoyancy floating plug 941. When the seepage speed of the corresponding sand table model is relatively fast, the liquid level in the transfer box 91 is relatively high. Therefore, the large-buoyancy floating plug 931 can float upward. Then, under the action of the pulling rope 96, the small-buoyancy floating plug 941 is pulled down, so that the small-buoyancy floating plug 941 forms a seal for the pipe orifice of the small-diameter guiding pipe 94. Refer to the attached Figure 12, at this time, water is mainly discharged by the large-diameter guiding pipe 93, which can adapt to a relatively fast discharge speed, and the accurate flow detection is carried out by the large-flow sorting flowmeter 83. When the seepage speed gradually slows down, the water level in the seepage guiding assembly 9 drops relatively, the large-buoyancy floating plug 931 drops, and the orifice of the large-diameter guiding pipe 93 is blocked. At this time, there is still a certain water level in the concave area 911, the small-buoyancy floating plug 941 floats up, and the small-diameter guiding pipe 94 can be used for small-flow discharge. Moreover, since the diameter of the small-diameter guiding pipe 94 is relatively small, the small-diameter guiding pipe 94 can be filled with water for discharge at a relatively small seepage speed, so that the small-flow sorting flowmeter 84 can effectively carry out accurate detection. Moreover, when the water level drops, the large-diameter guiding pipe 93 can be blocked before air enters the large-diameter guiding pipe 93, and the drainage is switched to the small-diameter guiding pipe 94. Therefore, the detection of the large-flow sorting flowmeter 83 is always accurate and will not be affected by the emptying of the large-diameter guiding pipe 93.

[0052] Furthermore, since the above-mentioned drainage blind pipe 615 mainly faces the sand table model with a planting soil layer, during actual discharge, some materials such as soil will be discharged into the seepage guiding assembly 9. If such materials are directly discharged into the first water tank 71 or the second water tank 72, it may affect the operation of the corresponding pump. Therefore, a filtering structure 95 is also installed in the transfer box 91. In the above solution, the filtering structure 95 can directly use a fixed rigid filter plate structure, but the filtered materials are likely to accumulate at local positions, affecting drainage. For this reason, the present embodiment also provides the following solution. Specifically, the filtering structure 95 is a flexible filter net structure. The four sides of the filtering structure 95 are fixedly connected to the first drainage pipe network 61. The tops of the large-buoyancy floating plug 931 and the small-buoyancy floating plug 941 are both fixedly connected with sliding rods 97. The sliding rods 97 are slidably arranged in the transfer box 91, and the tops of the sliding rods 97 are fixedly connected to the filtering structure 95. Furthermore, during actual use, during the conversion process of the large-diameter guiding pipe 93 and the small-diameter guiding pipe 94, the large-buoyancy floating plug 931 and the small-buoyancy floating plug 941 will drive the corresponding sliding rods 97 to move up and down, so that the filtering structure 95 can be deformed, and the blocking of the filtering structure 95 can be avoided.

[0053] Refer to the attached drawings of the specification Figure 14 , referring to the above test device, the present embodiment also provides a related test method, that is, the use method of the above test device. Specifically, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Adjust the time relay of the PLC control system to set the rainfall duration (i.e., the opening duration of the water supply pump 43). Slide the sliding cover plate 51 to the upper parts of the sunken green space model 131, the rain garden model 132, and the permeable pavement model 133 in sequence, and make the sliding cover plate 51 fit tightly with the corresponding unit bearing frame 31; Step 2: Turn on the rainfall switch to make the water supply pump 43 pump water from the first water tank 71, and evenly sprinkle the water through the conical nozzles at the ends of the branch spray pipes 42 onto the surface of the sand table body 1. On the one hand, the user can directly observe the whole process of the formation of water accumulation, runoff, waterlogging on the hardened square model 111, house model 112 and road model 113 on the sand table surface and the runoff flowing into the rainwater pipe network through the rainwater inlets. On the other hand, the user can observe the change curve of the pipe network flow rate in real time through the display, so as to quantitatively understand the test results of this time. When the rainfall time reaches the set duration of the time relay, the artificial rainfall system 4 automatically shuts down, that is, the water supply pump 43 shuts down. Observe the curve on the display. When the flow rate drops to zero, it indicates that the test process of the experimental group is over; Step 3: Slide the sliding cover plate 51 to the upper parts of the adjacent traditional green space model 121 and hardened parking lot model 122 respectively, and make the sliding cover plate 51 fit tightly with them; Step 4: Repeat the above Step 2, turn on the rainfall switch again to make the water supply pump 43 pump water from the first water tank 71, and evenly sprinkle the water through the conical nozzles at the ends of the branch spray pipes 42 onto the surface of the sand table body 1, and start the control group test process. On the one hand, the user can directly observe the runoff rainwater formed on the hardened square model 111, house model 112 and road model 113 on the sand table surface flowing into each sand table model of the LID facility model 13 nearby along the ground slope and forming accumulation. Compared with the experimental group, the water accumulation points of the hardened square model 111 and road model 113 are significantly reduced, and the runoff volume is significantly decreased. On the other hand, the user can observe the change curve of the pipe network flow rate in real time through the display to obtain the data difference between the control group and the experimental group; Step 5: Turn on the return water switch, and the reuse pump 721 starts to pump the road surface runoff rainwater received by the second water tank 72 and the infiltrated rainwater of each sand table model of the LID facility model 13 into the first water tank 71 for recycling. When the liquid level in the second water tank 72 drops to the low water level, the low liquid level relay of the PLC control system starts, and the return water automatically shuts down.

[0054] The above embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation to the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sponge city rainwater runoff control test device, characterized in that: It includes a sand table body (1), an artificial rainfall simulation system (4), a mode conversion module (5), a drainage component (6) and a detection component (8). The sand table body (1) includes an infrastructure model (11), a traditional facility model (12) and an LID facility model (13). The artificial rainfall simulation system (4) is used to spray water above the sand table body (1) to simulate rainfall. The drainage component (6) includes a first drainage pipe network (61) and a second drainage pipe network (62). The first drainage pipe network (61) is used to collect the infiltrated rainwater, overflow rainwater of each sand table model of the LID facility model (13) and the excessive runoff rainwater of each hard ground surface of the infrastructure model (11). A mode conversion module (5) is arranged between the traditional facility model (12) and the LID facility model (13). The mode conversion module (5) includes a sliding cover plate (51) and a guide rail (52). The guide rail (52) is used to support the sliding of the sliding cover plate (51). The sliding cover plate (51) covers the corresponding sand table model in the corresponding traditional facility model (12) or LID facility model (13) by sliding, so as to realize the conversion of the test mode.

2. The experimental device for sponge city rainwater runoff control according to claim 1, wherein: The infrastructure model (11) includes a hardened square model (111), a house model (112) and a road model (113). A rainwater inlet is arranged on the side of the road model (113). The traditional facility model (12) includes a traditional green space model (121) and a hardened parking lot model (122). The LID facility model (13) includes a sunken green space model (131), a rain garden model (132) and a permeable pavement model (133). A rainwater overflow pipe (614) is arranged in the sunken green space model (131) and the rain garden model (132). The traditional green space model (121), the sunken green space model (131), the rain garden model (132) and the permeable pavement model (133) are all carried by a unit bearing frame (31), and a drainage blind pipe (615) is arranged at the bottom of the unit bearing frame (31). Multiple groups of the traditional green space models (121) are arranged. The sunken green space model (131) is placed corresponding to one group of the traditional green space models (121). The rain garden model (132) is placed corresponding to another group of the traditional green space models (121). The permeable pavement model (133) is placed corresponding to the hardened parking lot model (122). And the mode conversion module (5) is also arranged in three groups. The three groups of mode conversion modules (5) are respectively arranged on the sunken green space model (131) and the traditional green space model (121), on the rain garden model (132) and the traditional green space model (121), and on the permeable pavement model (133) and the hardened parking lot model (122).

3. The sponge city rainwater runoff control test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The test device further includes a sand table base (2). The sand table body (1) is arranged in an ornamental frame (3). A support plate (21) is provided on the top of the sand table base (2), and the support plate (21) is used to carry the sand table body (1) and the ornamental frame (3). An overhaul area (22) is arranged inside the sand table base (2), and a water tank assembly (7) is arranged in the overhaul area (22). The water tank assembly (7) includes a first water tank (71) and a second water tank (72). The first water tank (71) is connected with a water tank inlet pipe (73) and a water tank overflow pipe (74). A water tank overflow pipe (74) is arranged on the second water tank (72). A water replenishing pipe (75) is arranged between the first water tank (71) and the second water tank (72), and the water replenishing pipe (75) is located in the upper area. Water tank drain pipes are arranged on both the first water tank (71) and the second water tank (72). The water tank drain pipes and the water tank overflow pipe (74) on the first water tank (71) and the second water tank (72) finally flow into a total water outlet pipe to discharge from the device. A reuse pump (721) and a liquid level sensor (722) are arranged in the second water tank (72). The outlet pipeline of the reuse pump (721) is connected with the first water tank (71) through the water replenishing pipe (75).

4. The experimental device for sponge city rainwater runoff control according to claim 3, characterized in that: The artificial rainfall simulation system (4) includes a water supply pipe (41). A plurality of groups of branch spray pipes (42) are installed on the water supply pipe (41). The plurality of groups of branch spray pipes (42) are evenly arranged above the sand table body (1). Stainless steel conical rainfall nozzles are arranged on the branch spray pipes (42). The water supply pipe (41) is connected with a water supply pump (43), and the water supply pump (43) is connected with the first water tank (71).

5. The experimental device for sponge city rainwater runoff control according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first drainage network (61) includes a first main drainage pipe (611), first drainage branch pipes (612) and road rainwater collection pipes (613). The first main drainage pipe (611) is connected with the second water tank (72). Each road rainwater collection pipe (613) is docked with a rainwater inlet arranged on the road model (113). The road rainwater collection pipes (613), rainwater overflow pipes (614) and drainage blind pipes (615) in each sand table model of the LID facility model (13) are connected with the first main drainage pipe (611) through the first drainage branch pipes (612). The second drainage network (62) includes second drainage branch pipes (622) and a second main drainage pipe (621). The second drainage branch pipes (622) are connected with the drainage blind pipes (615) in the traditional green space model (121). Each second drainage branch pipe (622) is connected with the first water tank (71) through the second main drainage pipe (621). The detection component (8) includes a main pipe flowmeter (81) and a humidity detector (82). The main pipe flowmeter (81) is arranged on the first main drainage pipe (611) and is used to detect the flow of the first drainage network (61). The humidity detector (82) is used to detect the relative humidity of the planting soil layer.

6. The test device for sponge city rainwater runoff control according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the sliding cover plate (51) is provided with a surrounding baffle (511) around its perimeter. The surrounding baffle (511) forms a collection groove on the top of the sliding cover plate (51). The bottom of the surrounding baffle (511) is provided with a drain pipe (512). The drain pipe (512) is connected to the first water tank (71) through a water pipe. A transverse chute (521) is provided on the guide rail (52). Sliding convex plates (514) are provided on both sides of the sliding cover plate (51). The sliding convex plates (514) are slidably engaged in the transverse chute (521). And a ball is provided between the bottom of the sliding convex plate (514) and the transverse chute (521). A sealing strip is provided on the top of the sliding convex plate (514).

7. An experimental device for controlling rainwater runoff in a sponge city according to claim 6, characterized in that: A seepage guiding assembly (9) is connected to the drain blind pipe (615). The drain blind pipe (615) is composed of an external sponge layer and an internal built-in mesh pipe (6151). A plurality of holes are provided on the built-in mesh pipe (6151). The seepage guiding assembly (9) includes a transfer box (91). A positive pressure conveying channel (513) is provided on the sliding cover plate (51). The positive pressure conveying channel (513) is connected to an inflation device through a pipe. A negative pressure suction pipe (92) is fixedly connected to the transfer box (91). The negative pressure suction pipe (92) is connected to an air extraction device.

8. A sponge city rainwater runoff control test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: One side of the bottom of the transfer box (91) is provided with a concave area (911). A large-diameter guiding pipe (93) and a small-diameter guiding pipe (94) are installed at the bottom of the transfer box (91). The small-diameter guiding pipe (94) is located at the concave area (911). Both the large-diameter guiding pipe (93) and the small-diameter guiding pipe (94) are connected to the corresponding drainage pipe network. A large-flow sorting flowmeter (83) is installed on the large-diameter guiding pipe (93). A small-flow sorting flowmeter (84) is installed on the small-diameter guiding pipe (94). A large-buoyancy floating plug (931) is slidably arranged above the pipe orifice of the large-diameter guiding pipe (93). A small-buoyancy floating plug (941) is slidably arranged above the pipe orifice of the small-diameter guiding pipe (94). A guiding through-ring (912) is provided on the inner wall of the bottom of the transfer box (91). The large-buoyancy floating plug (931) and the small-buoyancy floating plug (941) are connected by a pulling rope (96). The pulling rope (96) passes through the guiding through-ring (912).

9. A sponge city rainwater runoff control test device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A filtering structure (95) is also installed in the transfer box (91). The filtering structure (95) is a flexible filter net structure. The perimeter of the filtering structure (95) is fixedly connected to the first drainage pipe network (61). Slide bars (97) are fixedly connected to the tops of both the large-buoyancy floating plug (931) and the small-buoyancy floating plug (941). The slide bars (97) are slidably arranged in the transfer box (91). And the top ends of the slide bars (97) are fixedly connected to the filtering structure (95).

10. A method for using the sponge city rainwater runoff control test device as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step 1. Adjust the time relay of the PLC control system to set the rainfall duration, and slide the sliding cover plate (51) to the upper parts of the sunken green space model (131), the rain garden model (132), and the permeable pavement model (133) in sequence. Step 2. Turn on the rainfall switch to make the water supply pump (43) pump water from the first water tank (71), and make the precipitation fall evenly on the surface of the sand table body (1) through the conical nozzles at the ends of the branch spray pipes (42). When the rainfall time reaches the set duration of the time relay, the artificial rainfall simulation system (4) automatically shuts down, and the experimental process of the experimental group ends. Step 3. Slide the sliding cover plate (51) to the upper parts of the adjacent traditional green space model (121) and the hardened parking lot model (122) in sequence. Step 4. Repeat the above Step 2 to start the experimental process of the control group. Step 5. Turn on the water return switch, start the water reuse pump (721), pump the water in the second water tank (72) to the first water tank (71). When the liquid level in the second water tank (72) drops to the low water level, the low liquid level relay of the PLC control system starts, and the water return automatically shuts down.

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