Rapid sample pretreatment equipment for blood disease detection

Abstract

The invention discloses rapid sample pretreatment equipment for blood disease detection, and relates to the technical field of biological sample detection.The rapid sample pretreatment equipment comprises a rotatable test tube base used for containing a sample test tube and further comprises a micro pump, and the input end of the micro pump is communicated with a suction head through a telescopic hose; the suction head is slidably assembled right above the sample test tube in the vertical direction, the output end of the micro pump is communicated and provided with an output tube arranged in the vertical direction, and a collection test tube used for collecting supernatant liquid is arranged right below the output tube; and suction channels with variable radiuses are formed among all the arc baffle plates. Through the mode that the suction head moves downwards synchronously along with descending of the liquid level, the suction head is kept at the optimal suction height all the time, the problem that the suction efficiency is reduced or liquid remains due to height mismatching is solved, the sectional area of the suction head is gradually reduced, it is guaranteed that the suction process is more stable and efficient, disturbance to liquid is reduced, and the suction efficiency is improved. Therefore, the purity of the supernate and the sample recovery rate are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biological sample detection, and particularly relates to a rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection. Background Art

[0002] The pretreatment of blood samples is an important link in blood disease detection. Among them, the operation of transferring the supernatant after centrifugation directly affects the accuracy of detection and the repeatability of experiments. The traditional method of transferring the supernatant usually uses a pipette tip with a fixed cross-sectional area, and the cross-sectional area remains unchanged during the entire aspiration process. However, this design has many defects in actual operation.

[0003] First of all, at the initial stage of aspiration, the pipette tip with a fixed cross-sectional area may be relatively small, resulting in a slow aspiration speed, prolonging the experimental time, and reducing work efficiency. In order to accelerate the aspiration speed, some technologies use pipette tips with a larger diameter, but this may lead to uneven suction distribution, generate turbulence, stir the liquid, and resuspend the precipitate, affecting the purity of the supernatant.

[0004] Secondly, in the middle and late stages of aspiration, as the liquid level drops, it is difficult for the pipette tip with a fixed cross-sectional area to adapt to the change in sample volume, resulting in a decrease in aspiration efficiency and even the problem of liquid residue. Especially in the treatment of high-viscosity samples (such as plasma), the fixed cross-sectional area of the pipette tip may increase the surface tension of the residual liquid, making it difficult to completely aspirate the supernatant, affecting the sample recovery rate, and increasing reagent waste.

[0005] In addition, some solutions use manual adjustment of the pipette tip height to adapt to the liquid level change, but this method relies on the experience of the operator and has certain human errors, affecting the repeatability and stability of the experiment. In high-precision experiments (such as PCR, mass spectrometry), the pipette tip with a fixed cross-sectional area may cause sample loss or cross-contamination, affecting the reliability of the detection results.

[0006] Therefore, the pipette tip with a fixed cross-sectional area in the prior art has defects such as low aspiration efficiency, easy disturbance of the precipitate, difficulty in adapting to different sample viscosities, high liquid residue rate, and unstable operation. There is an urgent need for an aspiration device that can dynamically adjust the cross-sectional area to improve the aspiration efficiency of the supernatant, reduce precipitate disturbance, optimize the sample recovery rate, and enhance the stability and repeatability of the experiment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection, comprising a test tube holder for placing sample test tubes, the test tube holder is rotatable, and further comprising a micro pump. The input end of the micro pump is connected and installed with a suction head through a telescopic hose. The suction head is slidably assembled vertically above the sample test tube. The output end of the micro pump is connected and installed with an output pipe arranged vertically. A collection test tube for collecting the upper clear liquid is arranged directly below the output pipe. The suction head includes a housing. One end of the housing is connected to the input end of the micro pump. A plurality of arc-shaped baffles arranged in a circular array are movably arranged inside the housing. Adjacent two arc-shaped baffles are arranged vertically staggered. A suction channel with a variable radius is formed between all the arc-shaped baffles; as the suction operation progresses, the radius of the suction channel gradually decreases.

[0009] Preferably, the arc-shaped baffle is in an arc strip structure. One end of the arc-shaped baffle is installed with a rotating shaft perpendicular thereto, and the other end of the arc-shaped baffle is installed with a slider; a fixed ring is rotatably installed inside the housing. A chute corresponding to the number and position of the arc-shaped baffles is opened on the end face of the fixed ring close to the slider. The chute is distributed along the radial direction of the fixed ring. The slider is slidably assembled in the chute; a ring plate is fixedly installed inside the housing. A rotating hole penetrating up and down is opened at the position corresponding to the rotating shaft in the ring plate. The rotating shaft is rotatably assembled in the rotating hole.

[0010] Preferably, a driving rod distributed along its radial direction is fixedly installed on the outer circumferential surface of the fixed ring. A notch is opened on the outer circumferential surface of the housing corresponding to the driving rod.

[0011] Preferably, a pipe rack is arranged directly above the suction head. The pipe rack is slidably assembled vertically. A telescopic rod is installed inside the pipe rack. The piston rod of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the suction head. A guide plate is arranged on the outside of the suction head corresponding to the driving rod. The guide plate is fixedly connected to the pipe rack. The inner wall of the guide plate and the outer circumferential surface of the electric cylinder are in sliding contact. A guide groove is opened on the inner wall of the guide plate. The driving rod is slidably assembled in the guide groove; the guide groove includes a vertical section and an arc section.

[0012] Preferably, it includes an electric cylinder installed above the pipe rack. The piston rod of the electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the pipe rack.

[0013] Preferably, the test tube holder includes a rotatable turntable. A plurality of uniformly distributed radial grooves are opened at the upper end of the turntable. A movable block is slidably assembled in the radial groove. A clamping plate is installed at the upper end of the movable block. A telescopic cylinder is also installed at the upper end of the turntable. The piston rod of the telescopic cylinder is fixedly connected to the clamping plate.

[0014] Preferably, a groove adapted to the sample test tube is opened at the center of the turntable.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection, having the following beneficial effects: (1) In the present invention, at the initial stage of suction, the cross-sectional area of the suction head is relatively large, which can quickly extract a large amount of supernatant, accelerate the sample processing progress, reduce the experimental time. As the liquid level drops, the cross-sectional area of the suction head gradually shrinks to ensure a moderate flow rate, prevent violent fluctuations of the liquid caused by too fast suction, and improve the stability of suction.

[0016] (2) The traditional suction head with a fixed cross-sectional area is prone to sudden changes in flow rate during suction, generating local eddies, causing the precipitate to resuspend, and affecting the purity of the supernatant. In this design, the cross-sectional area of the suction head is dynamically adjusted to gradually reduce the flow rate, thereby reducing the disturbance to the liquid, avoiding the re-suspension of the precipitate, and ensuring the acquisition of high-purity supernatant.

[0017] (3) Since the cross-sectional area of the suction head gradually shrinks, it can more precisely control the liquid suction process, avoid the problem that it is difficult to completely suck due to the enhanced surface tension of the liquid caused by too large a suction port. At the same time, the suction head moves with the drop of the liquid level to ensure that the suction head is always at the optimal suction depth, avoid liquid residue, improve the sample recovery rate, and reduce reagent waste.

[0018] (4) For high-viscosity samples (such as plasma, serum), this design dynamically adjusts the cross-sectional area of the suction head, increasing the suction efficiency with a large cross-sectional area at the initial stage and enhancing the fine control with a small cross-sectional area at the later stage, adapting to different fluid characteristics, ensuring uniform suction, avoiding poor suction or pipeline blockage, and improving the adaptability to complex samples.

[0019] (5) Since the movement and cross-sectional area adjustment of the suction head are both automatically synchronized, there is no need for manual frequent adjustment of the suction height, reducing human error, improving the experimental repeatability and stability, making the detection results more reliable, and being particularly suitable for high-precision experiments (such as PCR analysis, flow cytometry detection, etc.). Description of the Drawings

[0020] The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the entire rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection in the embodiment; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the suction head in the embodiment; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the arc-shaped baffle in the embodiment; Figure 4 It is a schematic assembly diagram of the suction head in the embodiment; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the fixing ring in the embodiment; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the guide plate in the embodiment; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the sample test tube in the embodiment.

[0021] In the figure: 1, test tube holder; 11, turntable; 12, radial groove; 13, movable block; 14, clamping plate; 15, telescopic cylinder; 2, sample test tube; 21, outer shell; 22, arc-shaped baffle; 221, rotating shaft; 222, slider; 23, suction channel; 24, fixing ring; 25, chute; 26, ring plate; 27, rotating hole; 28, driving rod; 29, guide plate; 30, guide groove; 3, micro pump; 4, suction head; 5, output pipe; 6, collection test tube; 7, electric cylinder; 71, pipe support; 72, telescopic rod; 8, upper bracket; 9, lower bracket. Specific implementation mode

[0022] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention claimed, but only represents the selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] This embodiment proposes a rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection, such as Figures 1 to 7As shown in the figure, it includes a test tube holder 1 for placing the sample test tube 2. The test tube holder 1 is rotatable. In this embodiment, the test tube holder 1 is arranged on the lower bracket 9. A motor is installed at the lower end of the lower bracket 9, and the motor shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the center of the test tube holder 1. Starting the motor can drive the test tube holder 1 to rotate at a high speed to complete the centrifugation operation. It also includes a micro pump 3. The micro pump 3 is erected above the sample test tube 2 through the upper bracket 8. The upper bracket 8 is installed at the upper end of the lower bracket 9. The input end of the micro pump 3 is connected with a suction head 4 through a telescopic hose. The suction head 4 is slidably assembled directly above the sample test tube 2 in the vertical direction. The output end of the micro pump 3 is connected with an output pipe 5 arranged in the vertical direction. A collection test tube 6 for collecting the supernatant is arranged directly below the output pipe 5. The collection test tube 6 is arranged on the lower bracket 9. After the centrifugation operation is completed, the micro pump 3 is started to extract the supernatant to be sucked in the sample test tube 2 into the collection test tube 6. However, in the prior art, due to the fixed cross-sectional area of the suction head 4, the flow rate is too fast at the initial stage of suction, which is easy to form eddy currents and disturb the precipitate, affecting the purity of the supernatant; when the liquid level drops in the later stage, the diameter of the suction head 4 is relatively large, and the surface tension of the liquid increases, making it difficult to completely suck, increasing liquid residue and reducing the sample recovery rate. In addition, it cannot adapt to samples with different viscosities, easily causing uneven suction or blockage, affecting the stability and repeatability of the experiment. Therefore, in the present invention, the suction head 4 includes a housing 21. One end of the housing 21 is connected to the input end of the micro pump 3. A plurality of arc-shaped baffles 22 arranged in a circular array are movably arranged inside the housing 21. Adjacent two arc-shaped baffles 22 are arranged in a vertical and staggered manner. A suction channel 23 with a variable radius is formed between all the arc-shaped baffles 22. As the suction operation progresses, the radius of the suction channel 23 gradually decreases, ensuring a more stable and efficient suction process, reducing the disturbance to the liquid, and thus improving the purity of the supernatant and the sample recovery rate.

[0024] In order to realize the variable radius of the suction channel 23, in this embodiment, an iris structure design is adopted. Specifically, the arc-shaped baffle 22 is in an arc strip structure. One end of the arc-shaped baffle 22 is installed with a rotating shaft 221 perpendicular to it, and the other end of the arc-shaped baffle 22 is installed with a slider 222; a fixed ring 24 is rotatably installed inside the housing 21. A chute 25 corresponding to the number and position of the arc-shaped baffles 22 is opened on the end face of the fixed ring 24 close to the slider 222. The chute 25 is distributed along the radial direction of the fixed ring 24. The slider 222 is slidably assembled in the chute 25; a ring plate 26 is fixedly installed inside the housing 21. A rotating hole 27 penetrating up and down is opened at the position corresponding to the rotating shaft 221 in the ring plate 26. The rotating shaft 221 is rotatably assembled in the rotating hole 27; as the suction operation progresses, by rotating the fixed ring 24, a plurality of arc-shaped baffles 22 are driven to rotate synchronously and in the same direction towards the center of the suction channel 23, thereby reducing the radius of the suction channel 23 and achieving the purpose of reducing the suction area.

[0025] Based on the above solution, in order to achieve the rotation of the fixed ring 24, in this embodiment, a driving rod 28 distributed along its radial direction is fixedly installed on the outer circumferential surface of the fixed ring 24. A notch is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the outer shell 21 corresponding to the position of the driving rod 28, and the length of the notch meets the rotation angle requirement of the fixed ring 24. The rotation of the fixed ring 24 is realized by rotating the driving rod 28.

[0026] In addition, in order to save the design cost, in the present invention, the synchronous rotation of the fixed ring 24 is realized by the movement of the suction head 4 in the vertical direction. Specifically, a pipe rack 71 is arranged directly above the suction head 4. The pipe rack 71 is slidably assembled in the vertical direction. A telescopic rod 72 is installed in the pipe rack 71. The piston rod of the telescopic rod 72 is fixedly connected to the suction head 4. A guide plate 29 is arranged on the outer side of the suction head 4 corresponding to the position of the driving rod 28. The guide plate 29 is fixedly connected to the pipe rack 71. The inner wall of the guide plate 29 is in sliding contact with the outer circumferential surface of the electric cylinder 7. A guide groove 30 is provided on the inner wall of the guide plate 29. The driving rod 28 is slidably assembled in the guide groove 30; the guide groove 30 includes a vertical section and an arc section; at the initial stage of the suction operation, the driving rod 28 moves in the vertical section. At this time, the fixed ring 24 remains stationary, and the radius of the arc-shaped baffle 22 is at the maximum value, which can quickly extract a large amount of supernatant, accelerate the sample processing progress, reduce the experimental time. As the suction operation progresses, the piston rod of the telescopic rod 72 extends and drives the suction head 4 to move downward, so that the suction head 4 always maintains the optimal suction height, avoiding the problems of reduced suction efficiency or liquid residue caused by height mismatch. At the same time, the driving rod 28 enters the arc section. Since the guide plate 29 remains stationary, when the driving rod 28 moves in the arc section, the fixed ring 24 rotates under the reaction force, and then the radius of the suction channel 23 decreases, ensuring a moderate flow rate, preventing violent liquid fluctuations caused by too fast suction, and improving the stability of suction. In this embodiment, an electric cylinder 7 is installed at the upper end of the upper bracket 8. The piston rod of the electric cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to the pipe rack 71. The initial position of the guide plate 29 is adjusted by the electric cylinder 7 to facilitate the subsequent taking or placing of the sample test tube 2.

[0027] In addition, in order to ensure that the sample test tube 2 remains stationary during the centrifugation operation, it is necessary to clamp the sample test tube 2. Specifically, the test tube holder 1 includes a rotatable turntable 11. A plurality of evenly distributed radial grooves 12 are formed in the upper end of the turntable 11. An active block 13 is slidably assembled in the radial groove 12. A clamping plate 14 is installed at the upper end of the active block 13. A telescopic cylinder 15 is also installed at the upper end of the turntable 11. The piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 15 is fixedly connected to the clamping plate 14. A groove adapted to the sample test tube 2 is formed in the center of the turntable 11. After the sample test tube 2 is placed in the groove, the telescopic cylinder 15 is started. The piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 15 extends and drives the clamping plate 14 to perform a linear motion close to the sample test tube 2 until the clamping plate 14 is in close contact with the sample test tube 2, that is, the fixing operation of the sample test tube 2 is completed. It should be noted that the turntable 11 is fixedly connected to the motor shaft.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "another", and "yet another" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0030] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purposes of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection, comprising a test tube holder (1) for placing a sample test tube (2), the test tube holder (1) being rotatable, further comprising a micro pump (3), an input end of the micro pump (3) being connected and installed with a suction head (4) through a telescopic hose, the suction head (4) being slidably assembled directly above the sample test tube (2) in the vertical direction, an output end of the micro pump (3) being connected and installed with an output pipe (5) arranged in the vertical direction, and a collection test tube (6) for collecting the supernatant being arranged directly below the output pipe (5), characterized in that: The suction head (4) includes a housing (21). One end of the housing (21) is communicated with the input end of the micro pump (3). A plurality of arc-shaped baffles (22) distributed in an annular array are movably arranged inside the housing (21). Two adjacent arc-shaped baffles (22) are arranged in a vertically staggered manner. A suction channel (23) with a variable radius is formed between all the arc-shaped baffles (22). As the suction operation progresses, the radius of the suction channel (23) gradually decreases.

2. The rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-shaped baffle (22) has an arc-shaped strip structure. A rotating shaft (221) perpendicular to it is installed at one end of the arc-shaped baffle (22), and a slider (222) is installed at the other end of the arc-shaped baffle (22). A fixed ring (24) is rotatably installed inside the housing (21). A chute (25) corresponding to the number and position of the arc-shaped baffles (22) is opened on the end face of the fixed ring (24) close to the slider (222). The chute (25) is distributed along the radial direction of the fixed ring (24). The slider (222) is slidably assembled in the chute (25). A ring plate (26) is fixedly installed inside the housing (21). A rotating hole (27) penetrating up and down is opened at the position corresponding to the rotating shaft (221) in the ring plate (26). The rotating shaft (221) is rotatably assembled in the rotating hole (27).

3. A rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: A driving rod (28) distributed along its radial direction is fixedly installed on the outer circumferential surface of the fixed ring (24). A notch is opened on the outer circumferential surface of the housing (21) corresponding to the driving rod (28).

4. A rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: A pipe rack (71) is arranged directly above the suction head (4). The pipe rack (71) is slidably assembled in the vertical direction. A telescopic rod (72) is installed inside the pipe rack (71). The piston rod of the telescopic rod (72) is fixedly connected to the suction head (4). A guide plate (29) is arranged at the position corresponding to the driving rod (28) on the outside of the suction head (4). The guide plate (29) is fixedly connected to the pipe rack (71). The inner wall of the guide plate (29) is in sliding contact with the outer circumferential surface of the electric cylinder (7). A guide groove (30) is opened on the inner wall of the guide plate (29). The driving rod (28) is slidably assembled in the guide groove (30). The guide groove (30) includes a vertical section and an arc section.

5. The rapid sample pretreatment device for hematological disease detection according to claim 4, characterized in that: It includes an electric cylinder (7) installed above the pipe rack (71). The piston rod of the electric cylinder (7) is fixedly connected to the pipe rack (71).

6. The rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test tube seat (1) includes a rotatable turntable (11). A plurality of uniformly distributed radial grooves (12) are opened at the upper end of the turntable (11). A movable block (13) is slidably assembled in the radial groove (12). A clamping plate (14) is installed at the upper end of the movable block (13). A telescopic cylinder (15) is also installed at the upper end of the turntable (11). The piston rod of the telescopic cylinder (15) is fixedly connected to the clamping plate (14).

7. The rapid sample pretreatment device for blood disease detection according to claim 6, characterized in that: A groove adapted to the sample test tube (2) is opened at the center of the turntable (11).

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