Pumped storage and new energy combined system scheduling method oriented to source network demand

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power system dispatching, in particular to a pumped storage and new energy joint system dispatching method oriented to source network requirements, and the method comprises the steps: recognizing a target service object of pumped storage according to the source network requirements of a joint system, so as to determine a dispatching target of the joint system, the target service object comprises at least one of a power grid side and a power supply side; based on the new energy data and the scheduling target of the joint system, constructing a preset multi-energy complementary optimization scheduling model to solve and obtain the intraday output of the multi-energy complementary system; and calculating the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage and the new energy abandoned electric quantity according to the intraday output of the multi-energy complementary system, and determining a scheduling scheme of the combined system by combining the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage and the new energy abandoned electric quantity of the combined system. The method can analyze the comprehensive efficiency difference when the pumped storage responds to the source-network side adjustment demand, and can be effectively applied to the operation management decision when the pumped storage power station faces the source-network side complex scheduling instruction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of power system dispatching, and particularly relates to a dispatching method for a combined pumped-storage and new energy system facing the requirements of the power source and the grid. Background Technique

[0002] As the most flexible and technically mature energy storage facility at present, pumped-storage can effectively promote the grid connection and consumption of renewable energy. With the construction of China's new power system, the main task of pumped-storage has gradually changed from the peak shaving demand on the grid side mainly based on large-scale coal-fired thermal power to the flexibility demand for regulation on the power source side mainly based on new energy. This means that pumped-storage units will participate in regulation more frequently to cope with the uncertainty of new energy, facing problems such as an increase in the number of starts and stops and an increase in the low-load operation duration, which affects the overall efficiency of pumped-storage power stations.

[0003] In related technologies, when operating and dispatching a power system containing pumped-storage, the research object is mostly based on the interests of the power system or the impact of pumped-storage participation in regulation on the system reserve capacity and the number of starts and stops, and the dispatching scheme of the entire power system is studied for the grid side.

[0004] However, the power system operation and dispatching methods in related technologies usually ignore the impact of operation requirements and the overall efficiency of pumped-storage on the power system dispatching results, and often use the same objective function to study the operation and dispatching of the power system, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy and effectiveness of the dispatching scheme when facing different power system operation requirements, which urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a dispatching method for a combined pumped-storage and new energy system facing the requirements of the power source and the grid, so as to solve the problems that the power system operation and dispatching methods in related technologies usually ignore the impact of operation requirements and the overall efficiency of pumped-storage on the power system dispatching results, and often use the same objective function to study the operation and dispatching of the power system, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy and effectiveness of the dispatching scheme when facing different power system operation requirements.

[0006] The first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a dispatching method for a combined pumped-storage and new energy system oriented to the source-grid demand, including the following steps: identifying the corresponding target service object of the pumped-storage according to the source-grid demand of the combined system, so as to determine the dispatching target of the combined system according to the target service object, wherein the target service object includes at least one of the grid side and the power source side; constructing a preset multi-energy complementary optimal dispatching model based on the new energy data of the combined system and the dispatching target, so as to solve the preset multi-energy complementary optimal dispatching model to obtain the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system of the combined system; calculating the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped-storage and the new energy abandonment amount of the combined system according to the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system, so as to determine the dispatching plan of the combined system by combining the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped-storage and the new energy abandonment amount of the combined system.

[0007] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the determining the dispatching target of the combined system according to the target service object includes: when the target service object is the grid side, determining the minimization of the new energy grid-connected power fluctuation as the dispatching target of the combined system; when the target service object is the power source side, determining the minimization of the new energy abandonment amount as the dispatching target of the combined system.

[0008] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the objective function for minimizing the new energy grid-connected power fluctuation is:

[0009]

[0010] Wherein, is the new energy grid-connected power at time t, is the average value of the new energy grid-connected power within the day, is the actual output of the new energy at time t, is the output of the pumped-storage at time t, and T is the total duration of the dispatching period.

[0011] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the objective function for minimizing the new energy abandonment amount is:

[0012]

[0013] Wherein, is the predicted maximum output of the new energy at time t, is the actual output of the wind power at time t, is the actual output of the photovoltaic power at time t, and T is the total duration of the dispatching period.

[0014] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the calculation formula for the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped-storage is:

[0015]

[0016] where η is the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped - storage energy, T is the total duration of the scheduling period, P h,t , P p,t respectively represent the power generation power and pumping power of the pumped - storage power station at time t, and Δt represents the operation duration of the pumped - storage power station within the scheduling period.

[0017] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, determining the scheduling scheme of the combined system by combining the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped - storage energy and the new - energy curtailment amount of the combined system includes: constructing the target constraint conditions of the combined system; based on the target constraint conditions, combining the intra - day output of the multi - energy complementary system, the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped - storage energy, and the new - energy curtailment amount of the combined system to determine the scheduling scheme of the combined system.

[0018] An embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a scheduling device for a combined pumped - storage and new - energy system facing the source - network demand, including: an identification module, configured to identify the corresponding target service object of the pumped - storage energy according to the source - network demand of the combined system, so as to determine the scheduling target of the combined system according to the target service object, where the target service object includes at least one of the grid side and the power source side; a solution module, configured to construct a preset multi - energy complementary optimal scheduling model based on the new - energy data of the combined system and the scheduling target, so as to solve the preset multi - energy complementary optimal scheduling model to obtain the intra - day output of the multi - energy complementary system of the combined system; a determination module, configured to calculate the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped - storage energy and the new - energy curtailment amount of the combined system according to the intra - day output of the multi - energy complementary system, so as to determine the scheduling scheme of the combined system by combining the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped - storage energy and the new - energy curtailment amount of the combined system.

[0019] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the identification module includes: a first determination unit, configured to minimize the fluctuation of the new - energy grid - connected power when the target service object is the grid side as the scheduling target of the combined system; a second determination unit, configured to minimize the new - energy curtailment amount when the target service object is the power source side as the scheduling target of the combined system.

[0020] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the objective function for minimizing the fluctuation of the new - energy grid - connected power is:

[0021]

[0022] where is the new - energy grid - connected power at time t, is the average value of the new - energy grid - connected power within a day, is the actual output of the new - energy at time t, Let \(P_{pump}\) be the pumped-storage power output at time \(t\), and \(T\) be the total duration of the scheduling period.

[0023] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the objective function for minimizing the curtailment of new energy is:

[0024]

[0025] Where, \(P_{new}^{max}\) is the maximum predicted output of new energy in period \(t\), \(P_{wind}\) is the actual output of wind power at time \(t\), \(P_{pv}\) is the actual output of photovoltaic power at time \(t\), and \(T\) is the total duration of the scheduling period.

[0026] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the calculation formula for the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage is:

[0027]

[0028] Where, \(\eta\) is the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage, \(T\) is the total duration of the scheduling period, \(P_{g}\) h,t , \(P_{p}\) p,t respectively represent the power generation power and pumping power of the pumped storage power station at time \(t\), and \(\Delta t\) represents the operation duration of the pumped storage power station within the scheduling period.

[0029] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the determination module includes: a construction unit for constructing the objective constraint conditions of the combined system; a third determination unit for determining the scheduling scheme of the combined system based on the objective constraint conditions, in combination with the intraday output of the multi-energy complementary system, the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage, and the curtailment of new energy of the combined system.

[0030] An embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor executes the program to implement the pumped storage and new energy combined system scheduling method for source-network requirements as described in the above embodiments.

[0031] An embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the program is executed by a processor, it implements the pumped storage and new energy combined system scheduling method for source-network requirements as described above.

[0032] An embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program, and when the computer program is executed, it is used to implement the pumped storage and new energy combined system scheduling method for source-network requirements as described above.

[0033] Embodiments of the present application can determine scheduling objectives and their corresponding objective functions based on the source-grid demands of a pumped-storage and new energy combined system. Under different objective functions, the preset wind-solar-pumped-storage multi-energy complementary system optimization scheduling model is used to solve the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system, and then the scheduling scheme of the combined system is determined by combining the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage and the analysis results of new energy curtailment. In this way, different objective functions are used for calculation in the face of different operating requirements of the combined system, effectively improving the flexibility of the present application. Moreover, the present application analyzes from multiple aspects such as the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system of the combined system, the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage, and new energy curtailment, and can clarify the comprehensive efficiency differences of pumped storage when responding to the regulation demands of the source-grid side, and can be effectively applied to the operation management decision-making of pumped-storage power stations when facing complex scheduling instructions from the source-grid side, which helps to generate the final scheduling scheme of the combined system. Thus, it solves the problems that the power system operation scheduling methods in the related art usually ignore the influence of operating requirements and the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage on the power system scheduling results, and often use the same objective function to study the operation scheduling of the power system, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy and effectiveness of the scheduling schemes generated when facing different power system operating requirements.

[0034] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the drawings, where:

[0036] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a scheduling method for a pumped-storage and new energy combined system facing source-grid demands according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 2 is a flowchart of solving a multi-energy complementary optimization scheduling model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of wind and light output predictions and grid load demand curves according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the specific output on a typical day according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the comparison effect of the output of pumped storage under different scheduling objectives for various types of power sources according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 6Schematic structural diagram of a pumped-storage and new energy combined system dispatching device for source-network requirements according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 7 Schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Reference numerals:

[0044] 10 - Pumped-storage and new energy combined system dispatching device for source-network requirements: 100 - Identification module, 200 - Solution module, and 300 - Determination module; 701 - Memory, 702 - Processor, and 703 - Communication interface. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application and should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0046] The following describes the dispatching method for the combined pumped-storage and new energy system oriented to the source-grid demand in the embodiments of the present application. Regarding the power system operation dispatching method in the related art mentioned in the above background art, it usually ignores the impact of operation demand and the comprehensive efficiency of pumped-storage on the power system dispatching result, and often uses the same objective function to study the operation dispatching of the power system, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy and effectiveness of the dispatching scheme when facing different power system operation demands. The present application provides a dispatching method for the combined pumped-storage and new energy system oriented to the source-grid demand. In this method, the dispatching objective and its corresponding objective function can be determined based on the source-grid demand of the combined pumped-storage and new energy system. Under different objective functions, the preset wind-solar-pumped-storage multi-energy complementary system optimization dispatching model is used to solve the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system, and then the dispatching scheme of the combined system is determined by combining the comprehensive efficiency of pumped-storage and the analysis result of new energy curtailment. Thus, it realizes the calculation using different objective functions when facing different combined system operation demands, effectively improving the flexibility of the present application. Moreover, the present application analyzes from multiple aspects such as the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system of the combined system, the comprehensive efficiency of pumped-storage, and new energy curtailment, and can clarify the comprehensive efficiency difference of pumped-storage when responding to the regulation demands of the source-grid side, and can be effectively applied to the operation management decision-making of pumped-storage power stations when facing complex dispatching instructions from the source-grid side, which helps to generate the final dispatching scheme of the combined system. Thus, it solves the problems that the power system operation dispatching method in the related art usually ignores the impact of operation demand and the comprehensive efficiency of pumped-storage on the power system dispatching result, and often uses the same objective function to study the operation dispatching of the power system, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy and effectiveness of the dispatching scheme when facing different power system operation demands, etc.

[0047] Specifically, Figure 1 FIG. is a flowchart of a dispatching method for a combined pumped-storage and new energy system oriented to the source-grid demand provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] As Figure 1 shown, the dispatching method for the combined pumped-storage and new energy system oriented to the source-grid demand includes the following steps:

[0049] In step S101, the corresponding target service object of the pumped-storage is identified according to the source-grid demand of the combined system, so as to determine the dispatching objective of the combined system according to the target service object, where the target service object includes at least one of the grid side and the power source side.

[0050] In some embodiments, in the face of different requirements of the combined system, the operation optimization capabilities of pumped-storage energy and other new energy sources for the combined system are different under different operation and scheduling schemes. Based on this, this application can determine the final scheduling scheme of the combined system starting from the source-grid requirements of the combined system. Herein, the combined system refers to the combined system of pumped-storage energy and new energy sources.

[0051] In the embodiments of this application, the corresponding target service object of pumped-storage energy can be identified according to the source-grid requirements of the combined system. Herein, the source-grid requirements of the combined system can be understood as whether there are operation requirements on the power supply side or the grid side of the combined system; the target service object herein refers to the object that pumped-storage energy needs to serve, that is, whether it serves the power supply side or the grid side in the source-grid requirements.

[0052] After determining the target service object of pumped-storage energy, the embodiments of this application can determine the scheduling target of the combined system according to the service object. For example, whether a large amount of power output is required or the combined system needs to operate stably, etc.

[0053] The embodiments of this application can identify the corresponding target service object of pumped-storage energy according to the source-grid requirements of the combined system, which can effectively improve the intelligent level of this application, and then determine the scheduling target of the combined system. Thus, better scheduling of pumped-storage energy can be achieved according to the target service object and the scheduling target, which helps to optimize the scheduling scheme of the combined system and enables the combined system to operate better.

[0054] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, determining the scheduling target of the combined system according to the target service object includes: when the target service object is the grid side, minimizing the fluctuation of new energy grid-connected power is determined as the scheduling target of the combined system; when the target service object is the power supply side, minimizing the curtailment of new energy is determined as the scheduling target of the combined system.

[0055] Among them, the objective function for minimizing the fluctuation of new energy grid-connected power is:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, is the new energy grid-connected power at time t, is the average value of new energy grid-connected power within a day, is the actual output of new energy at time t, is the output of pumped-storage energy at time t, and T is the total duration of the scheduling period.

[0058] The objective function for minimizing the curtailment of new energy is:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, is the maximum predicted output of new energy in period t, is the actual output of wind power at time t, is the actual output of photovoltaic power at time t, and T is the total duration of the scheduling period.

[0061] In the actual implementation process, when determining the scheduling objective of the combined system according to the target service object, it can be carried out from two aspects: the service object is the power supply side and the service object is the grid side.

[0062] When the service object of pumped storage is the grid side, such as a grid unit, the total output of the combined system should, on the basis of ensuring the smoothness of power transmission, minimize the impact of new energy output fluctuations on power transmission stability. Therefore, the main objective of pumped storage participating in regulation at this time is to balance the fluctuations of new energy grid-connected power.

[0063] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application can, but are not limited to, minimize the fluctuations of new energy grid-connected power (VREbalancing) as the main scheduling objective, thereby balancing the fluctuations of new energy grid-connected power and ensuring the stability of power grid power supply. Among them, the fluctuations of new energy grid-connected power refer to the instability or variability of the output power of new energy power generation (such as wind power, photovoltaic power generation, etc.) when it is connected to the grid. Such fluctuations have an important impact on the stable operation of the power grid and power dispatching.

[0064] In the embodiments of the present application, the objective function of minimizing the fluctuations of new energy grid-connected power can, but is not limited to, be expressed as:

[0065]

[0066] Among them, is the new energy grid-connected electricity in period t, is the average value of new energy grid-connected within a day, is the actual output of new energy at time t, is the output of pumped storage at time t, and T is the total duration of the scheduling period.

[0067] When the service object of pumped storage is the power supply side, such as a new energy power generation enterprise, the main objective of pumped storage participating in regulation is to ensure the grid connection and consumption of new energy. Therefore, the new energy consumption rate should be maximized, that is, the new energy curtailment should be minimized as much as possible. Thus, the embodiments of the present application can, but are not limited to, minimize the new energy curtailment as the main scheduling objective, thereby maximizing the consumption capacity of pumped storage.

[0068] Among them, the amount of abandoned new energy electricity refers to the electricity that is discarded without being connected to the power grid during the process of new energy power generation (mainly including renewable energy power generation such as solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy). For example, in a wind farm, when the wind power exceeds the upper limit that the power grid can receive, the excess wind power will be abandoned. The absorption capacity of pumped storage mainly refers to the ability of a pumped storage power station to absorb and store excess electric energy and release this electric energy when needed. This ability is crucial for the stable operation of the power system and the absorption of new energy.

[0069] The objective function for minimizing the amount of abandoned new energy electricity, that is, maximizing the new energy absorption rate, can be but is not limited to expressed as:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, is the maximum predicted output of new energy at time t, is the actual output of wind power at time t, is the actual output of photovoltaic power at time t, and T is the total duration of the scheduling period.

[0072] In the embodiments of the present application, different scheduling objectives can be set when pumped storage faces different service objects, so as to achieve the maximum satisfaction of the demand when the combined system has different demands. For example, when facing the power source side, the pumped storage power station is used to store electric energy as much as possible, and when facing the power grid side, the stability of the power grid operation is maintained as much as possible.

[0073] Step S102: Based on the new energy data and scheduling objectives of the combined system, construct a preset multi-energy complementary optimal scheduling model, and solve the preset multi-energy complementary optimal scheduling model to obtain the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system of the combined system.

[0074] It can be understood that the preset multi - energy complementary optimal scheduling model can be understood here as an optimal scheduling model of a wind - solar - pumped - storage multi - energy complementary system that is pre - established based on the scheduling objectives of pumped - storage energy for different stakeholders and contains different objective functions. Among them, the multi - energy complementary system refers to the comprehensive utilization of multiple different energy sources (such as solar energy, wind energy, water energy, natural gas, energy storage, etc.). Through system integration and optimization, these energy sources cooperate with each other to provide users with stable and reliable energy supply. The multi - energy complementary scheduling model is a mathematical model used to manage and optimize the scheduling of multiple energy resources. It can achieve the optimal scheduling of the energy system by comprehensively considering the complementary characteristics of multiple clean energy resources (such as solar energy, wind energy, water energy, etc.) and factors such as energy demand, transmission, and storage. The daily output of the multi - energy complementary system refers to the total power actually output by each energy unit (such as photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, gas turbines, energy storage devices, etc.) in this integrated energy system within one day (24 hours).

[0075] In some embodiments, in order to make the final scheduling plan more applicable to the combined system, the embodiments of the present application can construct and solve a certain multi - energy complementary optimal scheduling model based on the new - energy data and scheduling objectives of the combined system to obtain the daily output of the multi - energy complementary system of the combined system.

[0076] In the embodiments of the present application, the simulated annealing algorithm can be used, but is not limited to, to solve the target multi - energy complementary optimal scheduling model. Figure 2 As shown in the process diagram of solving the multi - energy complementary optimal scheduling model for an embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 it can be shown, but is not limited to, as follows:

[0077] Step 1: Set the basic parameters of the scheduling model and input the initial boundary conditions: Considering various differences from the power generation characteristics to the operation characteristics of different units, the basic parameters of the model and the basic boundary conditions need to be given before optimizing the scheduling of the multi - energy complementary system. The basic parameters of the model in the embodiments of the present application include, but are not limited to, population size, number of iterations, cooling coefficient, basic parameters of the pumped - storage power station, etc. The basic boundary conditions include, but are not limited to, grid load P load and new - energy prediction P max output, etc.;

[0078] Step 2: Set the objective functions under different source - grid demands: To study the differences in the scheduling results of the pumped - storage power station for different stakeholders, the embodiments of the present application can respectively select two scheduling scenarios of balancing the fluctuation of new - energy grid - connected power and maximizing the consumption of clean energy. The scheduling constraint conditions and unit - combination strategies are the same under the corresponding scenarios, only the objective functions are different;

[0079] Step 3: Scheme initialization. Randomly generate the initial solution D0 of new energy output and the initial scheduling scheme U0, and obtain the equivalent load of the pumped-storage units according to D0 and the grid load P load Get the equivalent load of the pumped-storage units

[0080] Step 4: Power distribution of pumped-storage units: To meet the operation constraints of the pumped-storage units, the embodiments of the present application can distribute power to the started units. Under the condition of the same unit characteristics, in order to achieve reasonable load distribution, the embodiments of the present application can adopt the principle of average distribution to obtain the solution set P0 of the distributed output of the units;

[0081] Step 5: Calculate the objective value and fitness value f0 of the initial solution: Calculate the fitness value of the initial solution according to the objective function and some indicators of the scheduling process to ensure that the new solutions generated during the iteration process are more in line with the scheduling objectives;

[0082] Step 6: Neighborhood search: Apply a random perturbation parameter to generate new solutions D t+1 , U t+1 , P t+1 ;

[0083] Step 7: Accept the new scheme and update the optimal solution: If the fitness f1 obtained from the new solution is greater than f0, then based on Metropolis, judge whether to accept and update the optimal solution;

[0084] Step 8: Cooling process: Each time the solution is updated, the model temperature parameter is reduced by T t+1 = T t ×α. When the model temperature is reduced to the lowest value set by the parameters, the iteration ends;

[0085] Step 9: Judge the termination condition and output the optimal solution: When the iteration condition meets the termination condition, the model optimization process ends, and the intraday scheduling output results of the multi-energy complementary system are output.

[0086] Taking a combined system with 3500 MW of wind turbines, 1500 MW of photovoltaic units and 4×300 MW of fixed-speed pumped-storage units operating in parallel in a certain area as an example, the wind and light output predictions and the grid load demand curve are as Figure 3 shown, and the data time scale t = 15 min.

[0087] To reduce the statistical deviation caused by the uncertainty of wind and light resources and reduce the influence of extreme situations (such as windless days and cloudy days), the embodiments of the present application can first, based on the actual geographical location of the multi-energy complementary base of the example, collect the actual longitude and latitude of the planned / under-construction wind and light power stations in the area as a basis, and retrieve the annual wind power and photovoltaic power output on the website platform. Taking an hour as the step size and the scheduling interval as one day, use a certain multi-energy complementary simulation scheduling model to perform output simulation,Figure 3 Namely, it is a schematic diagram of the specific output of a typical day in an embodiment of the present application. In addition, Table 1 is a model parameter setting table of the multi-energy complementary optimal scheduling model in the embodiment of the present application, and Table 2 is a parameter table of the pumped storage unit, which can be respectively expressed as follows:

[0088] Table 1

[0089] Type Population Size Number of Iterations Cooling Coefficient Model Parameters 500 200 0.95

[0090] Table 2

[0091] Ppmax Ppmin Phmax Phmin 310 290 300 120

[0092] Based on the day-ahead scheduling model of the multi-energy complementary system and the target service objects faced by the pumped storage, the results of the pumped storage participating in the simulation operation of the multi-energy complementary system can be obtained. Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the comparison effect of the output of each type of power source in an embodiment of the present application under different scheduling targets. As Figure 4 shown, it can be seen that the output under different objective functions is different, but the overall trend is basically the same. The pumping time of the pumped storage power station is mainly concentrated at night from 0 to 8 o'clock and at noon from 12 to 15 o'clock, and the power generation period is mainly concentrated from 9 o'clock to 12 o'clock in the morning and from 15 o'clock to 22 o'clock in the afternoon. The intraday scheduling law basically coincides with the intraday distribution law of renewable resources, and the pumped storage mainly plays the role of peak shaving and valley filling.

[0093] Step S103: Calculate the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage and the new energy abandonment amount of the combined system according to the intraday output of the multi-energy complementary system, and determine the scheduling plan of the combined system by combining the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage and the new energy abandonment amount of the combined system.

[0094] The calculation formula of the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage can be but not limited to expressed as:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, η is the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage, T is the total duration of the scheduling period, P h,t , P p,t respectively represent the power generation power and pumping power of the pumped storage power station at time t, and Δt represents the operation duration of the pumped storage power station within the scheduling period.

[0097] In some embodiments, after obtaining the multi-energy complementary intra-day output of the combined system, the present application can obtain the pumped-storage power output scheduling results under different target service object scenarios based on the multi-energy complementary system's intra-day output, and then calculate the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage in the combined system. By analyzing in combination with indicators such as the new energy curtailment in the combined system, the analysis results can be applied to the operation management decision-making when the pumped storage power station faces complex scheduling instructions from the source-grid side, so as to determine the scheduling plan of the combined system.

[0098] In the embodiments of the present application, the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage can be characterized by, but not limited to, the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage power station. Among them, the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage power station is also called the "total efficiency of the pumped storage power station", that is, the product of the pumping efficiency and the power generation efficiency of the power station. The comprehensive energy efficiency of the pumped storage power station is an important indicator to evaluate whether the pumped storage power station is energy-saving, and it can fundamentally reflect the energy-saving level of the power station. The comprehensive efficiency is the ratio of the power generation amount to the pumping amount of the pumped storage power station, which reflects the energy conversion efficiency during the operation of the pumped storage power station, reflects the energy loss of the unit, and is an important indicator affecting the pumped storage power generation income and operation benefits.

[0099] In the embodiments of the present application, in order to clarify the efficiency difference of pumped storage participating in the multi-energy complementary system, the comprehensive efficiency η of the pumped storage power station can be defined as follows, but not limited to:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, η is the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage, T is the total duration of the scheduling period, P h,t ,P p,t respectively represent the power generation power and pumping power of the pumped storage power station at time t, and Δt represents the operation duration of the pumped storage power station within the scheduling period.

[0102] For example, Table 3 is a table showing the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage and the new energy consumption rate of the multi-energy complementary system, that is, the comprehensive statistical table of new energy curtailment, under two scenarios for different service object scenarios in an embodiment of the present application, which can be expressed as follows:

[0103] Table 3

[0104] Main Index Objective 1: New Energy Absorption Objective 2: New Energy Fluctuation Balance New Energy Curtailment (%) 3.84 4.8 Comprehensive Efficiency (%) 74.81 76.30 Pumped Storage Pumping Power (MWh) 34194 33917 Pumped Storage Generation Power (MWh) 25581 25878

[0105] Based on the analysis of Table 3, it can be obtained that:

[0106] (1) Under the maximum target of new energy consumption rate, the pumped storage power station has a pumping power of 34194 MWh and a power generation power of 25581 MWh within the day, with a comprehensive efficiency of 74.81% and a new energy curtailment rate of 3.84%.

[0107] (2) Under the goal of balancing the power fluctuation of new energy grid connection, the pumped-storage power station has a pumped water volume of 339.17×10⁴ MWh and a generated power volume of 258.78×10⁴ MWh within a day, with a comprehensive efficiency of 76.3% and a new energy curtailment rate of 4.8%.

[0108] (3) Compared with the minimum power fluctuation of the power grid, under the goal of preferentially consuming new energy, the new energy curtailment rate of the combined system is reduced by 0.96%, the pumped water volume is increased by 0.81%, the generated power volume is reduced by 1.16%, and the comprehensive efficiency is reduced by 1.49%.

[0109] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the comparison effect of the output of pumped storage under different dispatching goals in an embodiment of this application. As Figure 5 shown, further combining the specific daily output, the following conclusions can be obtained:

[0110] (1) When the dispatching goal of the pumped storage is to preferentially consume new energy, the pumped storage pumps and generates electricity at full power during the low-load period, and at the same time gives up the power generation space during the period when renewable resources are sufficient. Therefore, the total daily power generation decreases and the comprehensive efficiency of the unit is relatively low.

[0111] (2) When the dispatching goal of the pumped storage is power grid power balance, the pumped storage output is higher during the two peak-load periods from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 16:00 to 22:00, competing with renewable resources for grid connection. When renewable resources are scarce, the pumped storage generates electricity at the peak to maintain power balance. Therefore, the total daily power generation is large and the comprehensive efficiency is higher than that in the new energy priority consumption mode.

[0112] After obtaining the above conclusions, the embodiments of this application can apply these conclusions to the operation management decision-making of the pumped storage power station when facing complex dispatching instructions on the source-grid side, so as to determine the dispatching plan of the combined system.

[0113] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, combining the daily output of the multi-energy complementary system, the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage, and the new energy curtailment volume of the combined system to determine the dispatching plan of the combined system includes: constructing the target constraint conditions of the combined system; based on the target constraint conditions, combining the daily output of the multi-energy complementary system, the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage, and the new energy curtailment volume of the combined system to determine the dispatching plan of the combined system.

[0114] In the actual implementation process, the combined system will be restricted by various conditions during operation. Therefore, when determining the dispatching plan of the combined system in this application, the dispatching plan of the combined system can be determined in combination with certain constraint conditions.

[0115] (1) Wind energy and solar energy are restricted by the predicted output, that is:

[0116] 0≤P w,i ≤Pv,i

[0117] 0 ≤ P pv,i ≤ P pv1,i

[0118] Wherein, P v,i and P pv1,i are respectively the predicted output power of the wind farm and the predicted output power of the photovoltaic power station at time i, with the unit of MW.

[0119] (2) Electrical energy has the characteristic that it cannot be stored in large quantities. Therefore, the power balance of the combined system at any time is:

[0120] P w,i + P h,i + P pv,i + P t,i =P load,i + P p,i

[0121] Wherein, P w,i is the grid-connected power of the wind power at time i, in MW; P h,i is the power generation power of the pumped-storage power station at time i, with the unit of MW; P pv,i is the grid-connected power of the photovoltaic power at time i, with the unit of MW; P load,i is the predicted load power at time i, with the unit of MW; P p,i is the pumping power of the pumped-storage power station at time i, with the unit of MW.

[0122] (3) Set the power constraint of the pumped-storage power station. The pumping and power generation powers of the pumped-storage units in the system should be kept within a certain range:

[0123] P h,min ≤ P h,i ≤ P h,max

[0124] P p.min ≤ P p,i ≤ P p,max

[0125] Wherein, P h,max , P h,min are respectively the maximum power generation power and the minimum power generation power of the pumped-storage power station, with the unit of MW; P p,max , P p,min are respectively the maximum pumping power and the minimum pumping power of the pumped-storage power station, with the unit of MW.

[0126] (4) Set the reservoir capacity constraint. The upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station should be within a certain reservoir capacity range:

[0127]

[0128] Among them, V min and V max are respectively the minimum reservoir capacity and the maximum reservoir capacity of the pumped-storage power station, with the unit of m 3 ; are respectively the pumping flow rate and the power generation flow rate of the k-th pumped-storage unit at time t.

[0129] (5) Set the upper reservoir water level limit constraint. During a scheduling period, the water level at the end of the upper reservoir should be equal to the water level at the initial period:

[0130] Z N = Z1

[0131] Among them, Z N and Z1 are respectively the water levels of the upper reservoir at the first moment and the N-th moment, with the unit of m.

[0132] According to the pumped-storage and new energy combined system scheduling method for source-grid demand proposed in the embodiments of the present application, the scheduling objective and its corresponding objective function can be determined based on the source-grid demand of the pumped-storage and new energy combined system. Under different objective functions, the preset wind-solar-pumped storage multi-energy complementary system optimization scheduling model is used to solve the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system, and then the scheduling plan of the combined system is determined by combining the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage and the analysis results of new energy curtailment. Thus, different objective functions are used for calculation in the face of different operating requirements of the combined system, effectively improving the flexibility of the present application. Moreover, the present application analyzes from multiple aspects such as the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system of the combined system, the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage, and the new energy curtailment, and can clarify the comprehensive efficiency differences when pumped storage responds to the regulation requirements of the source-grid side, and can be effectively applied to the operation management decision-making of pumped-storage power stations when facing complex scheduling instructions from the source-grid side, which helps to generate the final scheduling plan of the combined system. Therefore, it solves the problems that the power system operation scheduling method in the related technology usually ignores the influence of operating requirements and the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage on the power system scheduling result, and often uses the same objective function to study the operation scheduling of the power system, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy and effectiveness of the scheduling plan when facing different power system operating requirements.

[0133] Secondly, the pumped-storage and new energy combined system scheduling device for source-grid demand proposed in the embodiments of the present application is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0134] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the pumped-storage and new energy combined system scheduling device for source-grid demand in the embodiments of the present application.

[0135] As Figure 6As shown in the figure, the dispatching device 10 of the pumped - storage and new - energy combined system for meeting the source - network requirements includes: an identification module 100, a solution module 200, and a determination module 300.

[0136] Among them, the identification module 100 is used to identify the corresponding target service object of the pumped - storage according to the source - network requirements of the combined system, so as to determine the dispatching target of the combined system according to the target service object. The target service object includes at least one of the grid side and the power source side.

[0137] The solution module 200 is used to solve the preset multi - energy complementary optimal dispatching model based on the new - energy data of the combined system to obtain the within - day output of the multi - energy complementary system of the combined system.

[0138] The determination module 300 is used to calculate the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped - storage and the new - energy abandonment amount of the combined system according to the dispatching target, so as to determine the dispatching scheme of the combined system by combining the within - day output of the multi - energy complementary system, the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped - storage, and the new - energy abandonment amount of the combined system.

[0139] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the identification module 100 includes: a first determination unit and a second determination unit.

[0140] Among them, the first determination unit is used to minimize the new - energy grid - connected power fluctuation as the dispatching target of the combined system when the target service object is the grid side.

[0141] The second determination unit is used to minimize the new - energy abandonment amount as the dispatching target of the combined system when the target service object is the power source side.

[0142] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the objective function of minimizing the new - energy grid - connected power fluctuation can be but is not limited to being expressed as:

[0143]

[0144] Among them, is the new - energy grid - connected power at time t, is the average value of new - energy grid - connection within the day, is the actual output of new - energy at time t, is the output of the pumped - storage at time t, and T is the total duration of the dispatching period.

[0145] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the objective function of minimizing the new - energy abandonment amount can be but is not limited to being expressed as:

[0146]

[0147] Among them, is the predicted maximum output of new - energy at time t, is the actual wind power output at time t, is the actual photovoltaic power output at time t, and T is the total duration of the scheduling period.

[0148] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the comprehensive efficiency calculation formula of pumped storage can be but is not limited to being expressed as:

[0149]

[0150] where η is the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage, T is the total duration of the scheduling period, P h,t , P p,t respectively represent the power generation power and pumping power of the pumped storage power station at time t, and Δt represents the operation duration of the pumped storage power station within the scheduling period.

[0151] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the determination module 300 includes: a construction unit and a third determination unit.

[0152] The construction unit is used to construct the target constraint conditions of the combined system;

[0153] The third determination unit is used to determine the scheduling plan of the combined system based on the target constraint conditions, combined with the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system, the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage, and the new energy abandonment power of the combined system.

[0154] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the embodiment of the scheduling method for the pumped storage and new energy combined system facing the source-network demand also applies to the pumped storage and new energy combined system scheduling device facing the source-network demand in this embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.

[0155] The dispatching device for the combined pumped-storage and new energy system facing the source-grid demand proposed according to the embodiments of the present application can determine the dispatching objective and its corresponding objective function based on the source-grid demand of the combined pumped-storage and new energy system. Under different objective functions, it uses a preset multi-energy complementary system optimization dispatching model for wind-solar-pumped storage to solve the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system, and then determines the dispatching plan of the combined system in combination with the comprehensive efficiency of pumped-storage and the analysis results of new energy curtailment. Thus, it realizes the calculation using different objective functions in the face of different operating requirements of the combined system, effectively improving the flexibility of the present application. Moreover, the present application analyzes from multiple aspects such as the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system of the combined system, the comprehensive efficiency of pumped-storage, and new energy curtailment, and can clarify the comprehensive efficiency differences when pumped-storage responds to the regulation requirements of the source-grid side, and can be effectively applied to the operation management decision-making of pumped-storage power stations when facing complex dispatching instructions from the source-grid side, which helps to generate the final dispatching plan of the combined system. Thereby, it solves the problems that the power system operation dispatching methods in the related art usually ignore the influence of operating requirements and the comprehensive efficiency of pumped-storage on the power system dispatching results, and often use the same objective function to study the operation dispatching of the power system, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy and effectiveness of the dispatching plan generated when facing different power system operating requirements.

[0156] Figure 7 The structural schematic diagram of the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present application. The electronic device may include:

[0157] A memory 701, a processor 702, and a computer program stored on the memory 701 and executable on the processor 702.

[0158] When the processor 702 executes the program, it implements the dispatching method for the combined pumped-storage and new energy system facing the source-grid demand provided in the above embodiments.

[0159] Furthermore, the electronic device further includes:

[0160] A communication interface 703 for communication between the memory 701 and the processor 702.

[0161] The memory 701 is used to store a computer program executable on the processor 702.

[0162] The memory 701 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory.

[0163] If the memory 701, the processor 702, and the communication interface 703 are implemented independently, the communication interface 703, the memory 701, and the processor 702 can be interconnected through a bus and communicate with each other. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For the sake of convenience of representation, Figure 7 only a thick line is used to represent it in Figure 7 , but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0164] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 701, the processor 702, and the communication interface 703 are integrated on a chip, the memory 701, the processor 702, and the communication interface 703 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0165] The processor 702 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application.

[0166] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned pumping energy storage and new energy combined system scheduling method for source network requirements is implemented.

[0167] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program product, including a computer program, and the computer program can run computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the X method provided by the embodiments of the present application is implemented.

[0168] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc., mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any one or N embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0169] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "N" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0170] Any process or method description shown in a flowchart or described in other ways herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code including one or N executable instructions for implementing a customized logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations, where the functions can be executed in a substantially simultaneous manner or in a reverse order according to the functions involved, rather than in the order shown or discussed, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of this application pertain.

[0171] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a definite sequence list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be specifically implemented in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other systems that can fetch and execute instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device), or used in combination with these instruction execution systems, apparatus, or devices. For the purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium include the following: an electrical connection part (electronic device) having one or N wirings, a portable computer disk cartridge (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium can even be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, because the program can be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other media, followed by editing, interpretation, or otherwise processing as appropriate, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0172] It should be understood that various parts of the present application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by a combination of any one or more of the following techniques well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gate circuits for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits having appropriate combinational logic gate circuits, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and the like.

[0173] Those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology can understand that all or part of the steps carried by the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by a program instructing relevant hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0174] In addition, each functional unit in various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, may exist separately as individual physical units, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. When the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0175] The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disc, etc. Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A dispatching method for a combined pumped-storage and new energy system oriented to the needs of the source network, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Identify the corresponding target service object of the pumped-storage energy storage according to the source network requirements of the combined system, so as to determine the dispatching target of the combined system according to the target service object, wherein the target service object includes at least one of the grid side and the power source side; Based on the new energy data of the combined system and the dispatching target, construct a preset multi-energy complementary optimal dispatching model, and solve the preset multi-energy complementary optimal dispatching model to obtain the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system of the combined system; Calculate the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped-storage energy storage and the new energy abandonment amount of the combined system according to the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system, and determine the dispatching plan of the combined system by combining the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped-storage energy storage and the new energy abandonment amount of the combined system.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The determining the dispatching target of the combined system according to the target service object includes: When the target service object is the grid side, minimizing the fluctuation of the new energy grid-connected power is determined as the dispatching target of the combined system; When the target service object is the power source side, minimizing the new energy abandonment amount is determined as the dispatching target of the combined system.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The objective function for minimizing the fluctuation of the new energy grid-connected power is: Among them, is the new energy grid-connected power generation during period t, is the average new energy grid-connected power generation within a day, is the actual output of new energy at time t, is the output of pumped storage at time t, and T is the total duration of the dispatching period.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein The objective function for minimizing the new energy abandonment amount is: Among them, is the maximum predicted output of new energy in the t period, is the actual output of wind power at the t moment, is the actual output of photovoltaic power at the t moment, and T is the total duration of the dispatching period.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The calculation formula for the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped-storage energy storage is: Among them, η is the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped storage, T is the total duration of the scheduling period, and P h,t , P p,t respectively represent the power generation power and pumping power of the pumped storage power station at time t, and Δt represents the operation duration of the pumped storage power station within the scheduling period.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The determining the dispatching plan of the combined system by combining the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped-storage energy storage and the new energy abandonment amount of the combined system includes: Construct the target constraint conditions of the combined system; Based on the target constraint conditions, determine the dispatching plan of the combined system by combining the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system, the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped-storage energy storage and the new energy abandonment amount of the combined system.

7. A dispatching device for a combined pumped-storage and new energy system oriented to the needs of the source network, characterized in that, It includes: An identification module, configured to identify the corresponding target service object of the pumped-storage energy storage according to the source network requirements of the combined system, so as to determine the dispatching target of the combined system according to the target service object, wherein the target service object includes at least one of the grid side and the power source side; A solving module, configured to construct a preset multi-energy complementary optimal dispatching model based on the new energy data of the combined system and the dispatching target, and solve the preset multi-energy complementary optimal dispatching model to obtain the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system of the combined system; A determining module, configured to calculate the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped-storage energy storage and the new energy abandonment amount of the combined system according to the intra-day output of the multi-energy complementary system, and determine the dispatching plan of the combined system by combining the comprehensive efficiency of the pumped-storage energy storage and the new energy abandonment amount of the combined system.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor executes the program to implement the dispatching method for the combined system of pumped-storage energy storage and new energy facing the source network requirements according to any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The program is executed by the processor to be used for implementing the dispatching method for the combined system of pumped-storage energy storage and new energy facing the source network requirements according to any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed, it is used for implementing the dispatching method for the combined system of pumped-storage energy storage and new energy facing the source network requirements according to any one of claims 1-6.

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