Real-time data acquisition method based on active sending and monitoring mode

Abstract

The invention discloses a real-time data acquisition method based on an active sending and monitoring mode, which belongs to the technical field of communication, and comprises the following steps: starting a data acquisition system, and sequentially carrying out self-inspection and initialization on the data acquisition system; acquiring a monitoring signal based on a data acquisition system, and processing the monitoring signal to obtain a plurality of composite feature monitoring data; framing each composite feature monitoring data to obtain a plurality of monitoring data frames; and through an active sending and monitoring mode, broadcasting each monitoring data frame by circularly and sequentially utilizing Lora communication, transmitting the monitoring data frames to the concentrator and other Lora communication modules, and transmitting the monitoring data frames to a control center through the concentrator. According to the invention, the data acquisition and transmission mode of the sensor is set to be a mode of actively sending data and signaling, so that the problems of low real-time performance and low accuracy of long-distance communication of the self-organizing network of the existing Internet of Things are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of communication technologies, and particularly relates to a real-time data acquisition method based on an active transmission and listening mode. Background Art

[0002] There are a large number of cables connected between train carriages, and there are multiple connectors. During the long-term high-speed operation of the train, due to the vibration of the train, the connectors may become loose, which may further reduce the resistance value at the connectors, increase the current, and thus increase the temperature of the connectors, and even cause the combustion of the train carriages. Currently, the method for detecting the temperature of the connectors is the daily routine inspection by the staff of the electrical work team to ensure the integrity of the joints. This manual inspection method cannot fully guarantee that all inspections can be carried out in place, thus leaving potential safety hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to automatically sense and monitor the temperature of the connectors between train carriages. However, there are a large number of connectors on the train, and the network environment is complex during the high-speed operation. How to safely, stably, and efficiently transmit data is the key.

[0003] In the face of the long-distance communication requirements such as the transmission of connector temperature monitoring data, there are various Internet of Things communication solutions, including communication technologies operating in the 433 MHz frequency band. These solutions are characterized by low power consumption and low cost, and are more suitable for applications in relatively fixed scenarios. In low-power wireless networks, there are mainly two types of technologies: one type operates in the unlicensed spectrum, such as Lora and SigFox, for self-organizing networks; the other type operates in the licensed spectrum, including 2G, 3G, 4G mobile communication technologies and the 450 MHz frequency band. It should be noted that although technologies such as NB-IoT have obvious advantages in some aspects, they rely on wireless public networks to transmit data. Along the railway line, the wireless public network is unstable and the mobile phone signal quality is also poor. This method cannot be used to transmit sensor data in a moving train. The disadvantage of Lora communication technology is that due to operating in the unlicensed frequency band, its bandwidth is narrow, the number of transmission channels is small, the communication rate is low, and basically the Lora gateway polling method is used to collect data from each wireless sensor module, and the network real-time performance is not high, which cannot meet the requirements for the acquisition and transmission of a large number of sensor signals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the real-time data acquisition method based on an active transmission and listening mode provided by the present invention constructs a data acquisition system to broadcast and transmit the collected monitoring signals through processing using Lora communication, sets the data acquisition and transmission method of the sensor to an active data transmission plus signaling mode, and uses the forward error correction technology to be able to timely correct the error code elements from the receiving end, solving the problem of low real-time performance and accuracy of long-distance communication in the existing Internet of Things self-organizing network.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A real-time data acquisition method based on an active sending and listening mode provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Start the data acquisition system, and sequentially perform self-check and initialization on the data acquisition system;

[0008] S2. Obtain a monitoring signal based on the data acquisition system, and process the monitoring signal to obtain a number of composite feature monitoring data;

[0009] S3. Frame each composite feature monitoring data respectively to obtain a number of monitoring data frames;

[0010] S4. Through the active sending and listening mode, sequentially broadcast each monitoring data frame by using Lora communication in a loop to transmit it to the concentrator and other Lora communication modules, and transmit it to the control center through the concentrator.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: A real-time data acquisition method based on an active sending and listening mode provided by the present invention provides a data acquisition system. Through the data acquisition system, the acquisition of monitoring data can be realized. When the data acquisition system is started, self-check and initialization are first performed, which can effectively improve the reliability and accuracy of data acquisition. By processing and framing the acquired monitoring signal, monitoring data frames can be obtained. Through the monitoring data frames and the data acquisition system, a mode of actively sending data plus signaling can be realized, without a handshake and response process, which can improve the real-time performance of data acquisition and prevent network congestion. Through the monitoring data frames, forward error correction can also be realized, which can correct error code elements in time without data retransmission, effectively overcoming the burst error caused by multipath fading. Through the active sending and listening mode, the present invention sequentially broadcasts monitoring data frames by using Lora communication in a loop, which can effectively cope with the acquisition and transmission scenarios of a large number of sensor signals and provide a data acquisition scheme with high real-time performance.

[0012] Further, the monitoring signal is a temperature monitoring signal of a train coupler.

[0013] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: The present invention can be applied to the monitoring of the temperature of train carriage cable connectors, and can still ensure the real-time performance and accuracy of data acquisition under the condition of a large number of connectors during train travel.

[0014] Further, the data acquisition system includes:

[0015] A number of sensor modules are used to obtain monitoring signals through sensors, and amplify, filter, and perform A / D conversion on the monitoring signals to obtain monitored digital signals. Each sensor has a unique device number, and the device numbers of sensors in the working state are consecutive;

[0016] Processor modules corresponding one-to-one with the sensor modules are used to correct and perform eigenvalue processing on the digital monitoring signals to obtain composite feature monitoring data, frame the composite feature monitoring data to obtain monitoring data frames, and calculate the waiting transmission time according to the signaling in the received monitoring data frames;

[0017] Lora communication modules corresponding one-to-one with the processor modules are used to actively send the monitoring data frames to other Lora chips and concentrators through Lora chips, and receive the monitoring data frames sent by other Lora chips;

[0018] A concentrator is used to receive the monitoring data frames sent by each Lora communication module in a time-slot rotation manner and transmit the received monitoring data frames to the control center.

[0019] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: In the present invention, the sensors adopted in the sensor module are all sequentially numbered, which is convenient for determining the logic of the active transmission and listening communication modes. Moreover, through the processor module, the monitoring signals can be corrected, eigenvalue processed, and framed. The obtained monitoring data frames are transmitted to the control center through Lora broadcast communication and via the concentrator in sequence, realizing reliable real-time data acquisition and transmission during multi-terminal data acquisition.

[0020] Furthermore, the self-check items of the data acquisition system include static output self-check of the sensors, status self-check of the sensor interface circuits, status self-check of the A / D converters, and zero calibration of the A / D converters;

[0021] The initialization of the data acquisition system includes setting the communication mode and communication rate between the control system and the sensors, as well as the working mode of the sensors.

[0022] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: The present invention provides the self-check items and initialization setting contents of the data acquisition system. Through static output self-check, sensor interface circuit self-check, status self-check of the A / D converters, and zero calibration of the A / D converters, the normal operation of the lines and data reliability of the data acquisition system are effectively guaranteed. By setting the communication mode, communication rate between the control system and the sensors, and the working mode of the sensors, the working state of the sensor devices is determined, providing a basis for setting the real-time data acquisition time interval of the sensor devices and performing continuous data acquisition and transmission.

[0023] Furthermore, S2 includes the following steps:

[0024] S21. Obtain monitoring signals through each sensor module respectively, and sequentially amplify, filter, and perform A / D conversion on the obtained detection signals to obtain monitored digital signals;

[0025] S22. Delete the static distortion data and dynamic distortion data in the monitored digital signals through the corresponding processor modules of each sensor module respectively to obtain the corrected monitoring signals;

[0026] S23. Integrate the corrected monitoring signals of each channel into a composite monitoring signal through the processor module respectively, and perform eigenvalue processing on the composite monitoring signal respectively to obtain a number of composite feature monitoring data.

[0027] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are as follows: The monitoring signals obtained by the present invention are the signals monitored by the sensor device, and still need to be processed such as filtering, shaping, amplifying, adjusting the time delay, and performing analog-to-digital conversion. After processing, the composite feature monitoring data is obtained, which can provide a basis for forming a monitoring data frame to realize the real-time data acquisition and transmission in the active sending and listening modes.

[0028] Further, the S3 includes the following steps:

[0029] S31. Define the monitoring data frame as 27 bytes;

[0030] S32. Divide the monitoring data frame into a 1-byte segment, a first 8-byte segment, a first 4-byte segment, a second 4-byte segment, a second 8-byte segment, and a 2-byte segment in sequence, and sequentially number the divided byte segments as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

[0031] S33. Use the 1-byte segment to represent the source address, use the first 8-byte segment to represent the signaling, use the first 4-byte segment to represent the identifier, use the second 4-byte segment to represent the timestamp, use the second 8-byte segment to represent the data, and use the 2-byte segment to represent the error correction code;

[0032] S34. Divide the first 8-byte segment into a third 4-byte segment and a fourth 4-byte segment, and sequentially number the third 4-byte segment and the fourth 4-byte segment as 0 and 1;

[0033] S35. Use the third 4-byte segment to represent the device number of the current sensor, and use the fourth 4-byte segment to represent the time required for sending;

[0034] S36. Use each composite feature monitoring data as the data in the monitoring data frame respectively to obtain a number of monitoring data frames.

[0035] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: The present invention provides a frame structure for monitoring data frames. The monitoring data frames provided by the present invention are fixed data frames, which can relatively reduce the frame assembly time and the overhead required for frame assembly. The signaling in the monitoring data frames includes the device number of the current sensor and the time required for transmission. Based on the signaling, the original handshake and response processes can be eliminated, providing a basis for calculating the waiting transmission time to achieve the active transmission and listening modes, thereby ensuring the real-time nature of data acquisition. The error correction code in the monitoring data frames adds some redundant information. Once an error code element appears during data transmission, the concentrator or other Lora communication modules will correct it in a timely manner, avoiding the retransmission of data packets and effectively overcoming the burst error situation caused by multipath fading.

[0036] Further, S4 includes the following steps:

[0037] S41. According to the ascending order of the device numbers of the sensors, through the active transmission and listening modes, sequentially and cyclically use Lora communication to broadcast the monitoring data frames.

[0038] S42. When it is allowed to use Lora communication to broadcast the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor, use the Lora communication module corresponding to the device number of the sensor to broadcast the monitoring data frame to transmit the monitoring data frame to the concentrator and other Lora communication modules.

[0039] S43. When the broadcast of the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor is completed using Lora communication, based on the sensor module and the processor module corresponding to the device number of the sensor again, obtain the monitoring signal, process the monitoring signal to obtain the composite feature monitoring data, and frame the composite feature monitoring data to obtain the monitoring data frame. Until the frame assembly is completed, listen and wait for the next broadcast of the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication.

[0040] S44. When listening and waiting for the next broadcast of the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication, perform listening and waiting according to the signaling in the monitoring data frames broadcast by other sensor modules obtained through listening until it is allowed to use Lora communication to broadcast the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor.

[0041] S45. Use the concentrator to continuously receive the monitoring data frames sent by each Lora communication module in a time-slot rotation manner and transmit the received monitoring data frames to the control center.

[0042] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are as follows: The present invention provides a method for realizing the broadcast and monitoring of monitoring data frames through each Lora communication module, which realizes the cyclic sequential broadcast transmission of sensor monitoring data in the active sending and monitoring modes, ensuring the accuracy and real-time performance of data transmission.

[0043] Furthermore, the method for performing listening waiting until it is allowed to broadcast the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of this sensor by using Lora communication according to the signaling in the monitoring data frames broadcast by other sensor modules obtained through listening includes the following steps:

[0044] A1. Wait for the signaling according to the active sending and monitoring modes;

[0045] A2. Listen to obtain the signaling in the monitoring data frames broadcast by other Lora communication modules as the reference signaling;

[0046] A3. Calculate the waiting sending time according to the device number of the sensor and the required sending time in the reference signaling;

[0047] A4. Determine whether the duration from the moment when the signaling is obtained through listening to the current moment is less than the waiting sending time. If so, return to A1; otherwise, allow the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of this sensor to be broadcast by using Lora communication.

[0048] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are as follows: The present invention provides a method for listening and waiting to broadcast the monitoring data frame by using Lora communication. After obtaining the signaling through listening, the waiting sending time of the monitoring data frame that is being listened and waited to be broadcast can be calculated according to the device number of the sensor, so as to ensure the efficient and uninterrupted transmission of the collected data and guarantee the real-time performance of data collection.

[0049] Furthermore, the calculation expression of the waiting sending time is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] where, represents the waiting sending time, represents the device number of the sensor in the signaling, represents the device number of the sensor waiting to be listened to, and t represents the required sending time.

[0052] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are as follows: The present invention provides a calculation method for the waiting sending time. When the number of sensor monitoring is large, since the structures of the constructed monitoring data frames are the same, the waiting sending time can be simply and quickly obtained, so as to achieve the transmission of the monitoring data frame without network congestion and in a timely manner.

[0053] Other advantages of the present invention will be analyzed in more detail in the subsequent embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0055] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the steps of a real-time data acquisition method based on an active sending and listening mode in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0056] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the following drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Embodiment:

[0058] As Figure 1 shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a real-time data acquisition method based on an active sending and listening mode, including the following steps:

[0059] S1. Start the data acquisition system and perform self-check and initialization on the data acquisition system in sequence;

[0060] The data acquisition system includes:

[0061] A number of sensor modules are used to obtain monitoring signals through sensors, and amplify, filter, and perform A / D conversion on the monitoring signals to obtain monitored digital signals. Each sensor has a unique device number, and the device numbers of the sensors in the working state are consecutive. In this embodiment, the sensors are sequentially numbered, and the device numbers of the sensors are used for signaling identification and queued broadcasting during Lora communication, as well as calculating the waiting transmission time during queued broadcasting. Due to different selections of sensors, in addition to obtaining the monitoring signals in the form of the above analog signals and then obtaining the monitored digital signals through processing, in this embodiment, the sensor module can also directly collect the monitoring signals through the I / O port, and only through filtering and shaping can obtain the monitored digital signals. The sensor module can also directly obtain the monitored digital signals in the form of available digital signals.

[0062] A processor module corresponding to the sensor module one by one is used to correct the digital monitoring signals and perform eigenvalue processing to obtain composite feature monitoring data, frame the composite feature monitoring data to obtain a monitoring data frame, and calculate the waiting transmission time according to the signaling in the received monitoring data frame;

[0063] A Lora communication module corresponding to the processor module one by one is used to actively send the monitoring data frame to other Lora chips and concentrators through the Lora chip, and receive the monitoring data frames sent by other Lora chips;

[0064] A concentrator is used to receive the monitoring data frames sent by each Lora communication module in a time-slot rotation manner and transmit the received monitoring data frames to the control center.

[0065] The self-check items of the data acquisition system include the static output self-check of the sensor, the status self-check of the sensor interface circuit, the status self-check of the A / D converter, and the A / D converter zero calibration;

[0066] The initialization of the data acquisition system includes setting the communication method, communication rate between the control system and the sensor, and the working mode of the sensor.

[0067] S2. Based on the data acquisition system, obtain monitoring signals, and process the monitoring signals to obtain a number of composite feature monitoring data;

[0068] The monitoring signal can be any signal sensed and monitored in actual work. In this embodiment, the monitoring signal is the temperature monitoring signal of the train coupler.

[0069] The S2 includes the following steps:

[0070] S21. Obtain monitoring signals through each sensor module respectively, and sequentially amplify, filter, and perform A / D conversion on the obtained detection signals to obtain monitoring digital signals;

[0071] S22. Delete the static distortion data and dynamic distortion data in the monitoring digital signals through the corresponding processor modules of each sensor module respectively to obtain the corrected monitoring signals; in this embodiment, the static distortion data is zero-point error data or non-linear data, and the dynamic distortion data refers to additional noise.

[0072] S23. Integrate the corrected monitoring signals of each channel into a composite monitoring signal through the processor module respectively, and perform eigenvalue processing on the composite monitoring signal respectively to obtain a number of composite characteristic monitoring data. In this embodiment, the channel is the channel of the pice interface where the sensor is connected to the processor module, and the eigenvalue processing includes mean calculation, effective value calculation, and FFT operation processing.

[0073] S3. Frame each of the composite characteristic monitoring data respectively to obtain a number of monitoring data frames;

[0074] The S3 includes the following steps:

[0075] S31. Define the monitoring data frame as 27 bytes;

[0076] S32. Divide the monitoring data frame into a 1-byte segment, a first 8-byte segment, a first 4-byte segment, a second 4-byte segment, a second 8-byte segment, and a 2-byte segment in sequence, and sequentially number the divided byte segments as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

[0077] S33. Use the 1-byte segment to represent the source address, use the first 8-byte segment to represent the signaling, use the first 4-byte segment to represent the identifier, use the second 4-byte segment to represent the timestamp, use the second 8-byte segment to represent the data, and use the 2-byte segment to represent the error correction code; in this embodiment, the source address is the Lora address of the current device, which is convenient for the control center to transmit control information; the signaling is used to broadcast the currently sent completed sensors; the identifier is used to identify the device number of the sensor; the timestamp is used to characterize the time when the sensor obtains the monitoring signal; the data is the composite characteristic monitoring data to be transmitted; the error correction code is used to correct the transmitted data to reduce the time wasted by retransmission. The frame structure table of the monitoring data frame is shown in Table 1:

[0078] Table 1

[0079] Source address Signaling Identifier Timestamp Data Error correction code Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 Length 1 byte 8 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes 8 bytes 2 bytes

[0080] S34. Divide the first 8-byte segment into a third 4-byte segment and a fourth 4-byte segment, and sequentially number the third 4-byte segment and the fourth 4-byte segment as 0 and 1;

[0081] S35. Use the third 4-byte segment to represent the device number of the current sensor, and use the fourth 4-byte segment to represent the required transmission time. In this embodiment, the device number of the current sensor and the required transmission time can be used by other sensors waiting to send monitored digital signals to calculate the queuing duration based on the device number of the currently transmitted sensor and the required transmission time. In this embodiment, the required transmission time for the data monitoring frame corresponding to each sensor is equal. The structure of the signaling is shown in Table 2:

[0082] Table 2

[0083] Device number of the sensor Transmission required time Number 0 1 Length 4 bytes 4 bytes

[0084] S36. Respectively use each composite feature monitoring data as the data in the monitoring data frame to obtain several monitoring data frames.

[0085] S4. Through the active sending and listening mode, sequentially broadcast each monitoring data frame using Lora communication in a loop to transmit to the concentrator and other Lora communication modules, and transmit to the control center through the concentrator.

[0086] The S4 includes the following steps:

[0087] S41. According to the ascending order of the device numbers of the sensors, sequentially broadcast the monitoring data frames using Lora communication in a loop through the active sending and listening mode;

[0088] S42. When it is allowed to broadcast the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication, use the Lora communication module corresponding to the device number of the sensor to broadcast the monitoring data frame to transmit the monitoring data frame to the concentrator and other Lora communication modules;

[0089] S43. When the broadcast of the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication is completed, again based on the sensor module and the processor module corresponding to the device number of the sensor, obtain the monitoring signal, process the monitoring signal to obtain the composite feature monitoring data, and frame the composite feature monitoring data to obtain the monitoring data frame until the framing is completed, then listen and wait for the next broadcast of the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication;

[0090] S44. When listening and waiting for the next broadcast of the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication, perform listening and waiting according to the signaling in the monitoring data frame broadcast by other sensor modules obtained by listening until it is allowed to broadcast the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication;

[0091] The method of listening and waiting until it is allowed to broadcast the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor by using LoRa communication according to the signaling in the monitoring data frames broadcast by other sensor modules obtained through listening includes the following steps:

[0092] A1. Wait for the signaling according to the active transmission and listening mode;

[0093] A2. Listen to obtain the signaling in the monitoring data frames broadcast by other LoRa communication modules as the reference signaling;

[0094] A3. Calculate the waiting transmission time according to the device number of the sensor and the required transmission time in the reference signaling;

[0095] The calculation expression of the waiting transmission time is as follows:

[0096]

[0097] Wherein, represents the waiting transmission time, represents the device number of the sensor in the signaling, represents the device number of the sensor waiting to be listened to, and t represents the required transmission time.

[0098] A4. Judge whether the duration from the moment when the signaling is obtained through listening to the current moment is less than the waiting transmission time. If so, return to A1; otherwise, allow to broadcast the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor by using LoRa communication.

[0099] Since the transmission time of the monitoring data frame is much less than the time required for each re - use of the sensor module for data acquisition, and then for the processor module to process and frame the data to obtain the monitoring data frame, it can almost ensure that all train coupler temperature monitoring data is transmitted to the control center within 1 second. This solution effectively guarantees the real - time nature of data acquisition.

[0100] S45. Use the concentrator to continuously receive the monitoring data frames sent by each LoRa communication module in a time - slice rotation manner, and transmit the received monitoring data frames to the control center.

[0101] The real - time data acquisition method with the active transmission and listening mode provided by the present invention can centrally access the distributed - collected signals to the control center in real time, facilitating the miniaturization and simplification of the data acquisition device. Under the condition of meeting the requirements, it greatly reduces the equipment investment cost, and based on the advantages of the active transmission and listening mode in data acquisition, it can greatly improve the efficiency and quality of remote monitoring work. Especially in some harsh working environments, it can not only effectively monitor the on - site equipment, but also keep people away from harm.

[0102] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time data acquisition method based on an active sending and listening mode, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. Start the data acquisition system and perform self-check and initialization on the data acquisition system in sequence; S2. Obtain monitoring signals based on the data acquisition system, process the monitoring signals, and obtain a number of composite feature monitoring data; S3. Frame each composite feature monitoring data respectively to obtain a number of monitoring data frames; S4. Through the active sending and listening mode, circularly broadcast each monitoring data frame by using Lora communication in sequence to transmit to the concentrator and other Lora communication modules, and transmit to the control center through the concentrator.

2. The real-time data acquisition method based on the active sending and listening mode according to claim 1, wherein The monitoring signal is the temperature monitoring signal of the train coupler.

3. The real-time data acquisition method based on the active sending and listening mode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The data acquisition system includes: A number of sensor modules, which are used to obtain monitoring signals through sensors, amplify, filter, and perform A / D conversion on the monitoring signals to obtain monitored digital signals. Each sensor has a unique device number, and the device numbers of the sensors in the working state are continuous; Processor modules corresponding to the sensor modules one by one, which are used to correct and process the feature values of the digital monitoring signals, obtain composite feature monitoring data, frame the composite feature monitoring data to obtain monitoring data frames, and calculate the waiting sending time according to the signaling in the received monitoring data frames; Lora communication modules corresponding to the processor modules one by one, which are used to actively send the monitoring data frames to other Lora chips and the concentrator through Lora chips, and receive the monitoring data frames sent by other Lora chips; The concentrator is used to receive the monitoring data frames sent by each Lora communication module in the way of time slice rotation and transmit the received monitoring data frames to the control center.

4. The real-time data acquisition method based on the active sending and listening mode according to claim 3, wherein, The self-check items of the data acquisition system include the static output self-check of the sensor, the status self-check of the sensor interface circuit, the status self-check of the A / D converter, and the A / D converter zero calibration; The initialization of the data acquisition system includes setting the communication method, communication rate between the control system and the sensor, and the working mode of the sensor.

5. The real-time data acquisition method based on the active sending and listening mode according to claim 4, characterized in that S2 includes the following steps: S21. Obtain monitoring signals through each sensor module respectively, and amplify, filter, and perform A / D conversion on the obtained detection signals in sequence to obtain monitored digital signals; S22. Delete the static distortion data and dynamic distortion data in the monitored digital signals through the processor modules corresponding to each sensor module respectively to obtain the corrected monitoring signals; S23. Integrate the corrected monitoring signals of each channel into a composite monitoring signal through the processor modules respectively, and perform feature value processing on the composite monitoring signals respectively to obtain a number of composite feature monitoring data.

6. The real-time data acquisition method based on the active sending and listening mode according to claim 5, characterized in that S3 includes the following steps: S31. Define the monitoring data frame as 27 bytes; S32. Divide the monitoring data frame into a 1-byte segment, a first 8-byte segment, a first 4-byte segment, a second 4-byte segment, a second 8-byte segment, and a 2-byte segment in sequence, and number the divided byte segments as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in sequence; S33. Represent the source address using 1 byte segment, represent the signaling using the first 8 - byte segment, represent the identifier using the first 4 - byte segment, represent the timestamp using the second 4 - byte segment, represent the data using the second 8 - byte segment, and represent the error correction code using 2 byte segments; S34. Divide the first 8 - byte segment into a third 4 - byte segment and a fourth 4 - byte segment, and sequentially number the third 4 - byte segment and the fourth 4 - byte segment as 0 and 1; S35. Represent the device number of the current sensor using the third 4 - byte segment, and represent the transmission required time using the fourth 4 - byte segment; S36. Respectively take each composite feature monitoring data as the data in the monitoring data frame to obtain a number of monitoring data frames.

7. The real-time data acquisition method based on the active sending and listening mode according to claim 6, wherein The S4 includes the following steps: S41. According to the ascending order of the device numbers of the sensors, through the active sending and listening mode, sequentially broadcast the monitoring data frames using Lora communication in a loop; S42. When it is allowed to broadcast the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication, then use the Lora communication module corresponding to the device number of the sensor to broadcast the monitoring data frame to transmit the monitoring data frame to the concentrator and other Lora communication modules; S43. When the broadcast of the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication is completed, then based on the sensor module and the processor module corresponding to the device number of the sensor again, obtain the monitoring signal, process the monitoring signal to obtain the composite feature monitoring data, and frame the composite feature monitoring data to obtain the monitoring data frame. Until the framing is completed, listen and wait for the next broadcast of the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication; S44. When listening and waiting for the next broadcast of the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication, then according to the signaling in the monitoring data frame broadcast by other sensor modules obtained by listening, perform listening and waiting until it is allowed to broadcast the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication; S45. Use the concentrator to continuously receive the monitoring data frames sent by each Lora communication module in a time - slice rotation manner and transmit the received monitoring data frames to the control center.

8. The real-time data acquisition method based on the active sending and listening mode according to claim 7, characterized in that The method of performing listening and waiting according to the signaling in the monitoring data frame broadcast by other sensor modules obtained by listening until it is allowed to broadcast the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication includes the following steps: A1. Wait for the signaling according to the active sending and listening mode; A2. Listen to obtain the signaling in the monitoring data frame broadcast by other Lora communication modules as the reference signaling; A3. Calculate the waiting transmission time according to the device number of the sensor and the transmission required time in the reference signaling; A4. Judge whether the duration from the moment when the signaling is obtained by listening to the current moment is less than the waiting transmission time. If so, return to A1, otherwise allow the broadcast of the monitoring data frame corresponding to the device number of the sensor using Lora communication.

9. The real-time data acquisition method based on the active sending and listening mode according to claim 8, wherein The calculation expression of the waiting transmission time is as follows: Among them, represents the waiting transmission time, represents the device number of the sensor in the signaling, represents the device number of the sensor waiting to be monitored, and t represents the time required for transmission.

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