Waveguide device and related products

Abstract

A waveguide device and related products relate to the technical field of millimeter wave radar. The waveguide device comprises a first waveguide cavity, a first radiation port and a second radiation port; signals in the first waveguide cavity are radiated through the first radiation port and the second radiation port; the interval between the radiation ends of the first radiation port and the second radiation port is smaller than the interval between the connection ends of the first radiation port and the second radiation port and the first waveguide cavity. The waveguide device adopts a series feed waveguide with a simpler feed form, which can reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of the waveguide antenna, reduce the requirement for processing precision, reduce the processing cost, and through reducing the side lobe level of the series feed form waveguide antenna, the advantages of the waveguide antenna in the radiation transmission efficiency can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of millimeter-wave radar technology, and in particular to a waveguide device and related products. Background Technology

[0002] A waveguide is a structure used to guide electromagnetic waves in a specific direction. It is primarily used as a transmission line for microwave frequencies, and in microwave radio link equipment such as radar, it connects microwave transmitters and receivers to their antennas.

[0003] Compared to traditional printed circuit board (PCB) antennas, waveguide antennas offer significant advantages in radiation efficiency. While some current radar designs utilize parallel-fed waveguide antennas, their complex three-dimensional structure demands high precision in manufacturing, resulting in substantial production costs and limited practical engineering value. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a waveguide device and related products that can reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of waveguide antennas, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, and reduce processing costs.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a waveguide device, the waveguide device comprising:

[0006] First waveguide cavity, first radiation port and second radiation port;

[0007] The signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated through the first radiation port and the second radiation port;

[0008] The distance between the radiating ends of the first and second radiating ports is less than the distance between the connection ends of the first and second radiating ports and the first waveguide cavity.

[0009] In this embodiment of the application, the distance between the radiating end of the first radiating port and the radiating end of the second radiating port in the waveguide device is a first distance, and the distance between the connection end of the first radiating port and the first waveguide cavity and the connection end of the second radiating port and the first waveguide cavity is a second distance. By setting the first distance to be smaller than the second distance, the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna can be suppressed, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0010] It is understood that the distance between the first and second radiating ports in the embodiments of this application gradually decreases in the direction in which the signal is radiated through the radiating ports. The decrease in the distance between the radiating ports can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0011] Current parallel-fed waveguide antennas have complex three-dimensional structures, requiring high precision in manufacturing and incurring significant manufacturing costs. However, this embodiment achieves a series-fed waveguide antenna with low sidelobe levels by setting the distance between the radiating ends of the two radiating ports to be smaller than the distance between the connection points of the two radiating ports and the waveguide cavity. Compared to current parallel-fed waveguide antennas, the waveguide device in this embodiment uses a series-fed waveguide with a simpler feeding configuration, reducing the complexity of the three-dimensional structure, lowering the precision requirements, and reducing manufacturing costs. Furthermore, by reducing the sidelobe levels of the series-fed waveguide antenna, the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency can be maintained.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the first radiation port includes a first sub-radiation segment and a second sub-radiation segment connected together, and the second radiation port includes a third sub-radiation segment and a fourth sub-radiation segment connected together.

[0013] The first sub-radiating segment and the third sub-radiating segment are radiating segments close to the first waveguide cavity, and the second sub-radiating segment and the fourth sub-radiating segment are radiating segments far away from the first waveguide cavity;

[0014] The distance between the second sub-radiation segment and the fourth sub-radiation segment is less than the distance between the first sub-radiation segment and the third sub-radiation segment.

[0015] In this application, a possible specific implementation of a first radiation port and a second radiation port is provided. Specifically, the first radiation port includes a first sub-radiating segment and a second sub-radiating segment that are connected, and the second radiation port includes a third sub-radiating segment and a fourth sub-radiating segment that are connected. The first sub-radiating segment and the third sub-radiating segment are radiation segments close to the first waveguide cavity, and the second sub-radiating segment and the fourth sub-radiating segment are radiation segments far away from the first waveguide cavity. The distance between the second sub-radiating segment and the fourth sub-radiating segment is smaller than the distance between the first sub-radiating segment and the third sub-radiating segment.

[0016] It is understood that the radiation port in the embodiments of this application may include multiple (two or more) connected sub-radiation segments, and the multiple connected sub-radiation segments must meet the following condition: the distance between the sub-radiation segments of two radiation ports that are far away from the waveguide cavity is less than the distance between the sub-radiation segments of two radiation ports that are close to the waveguide cavity.

[0017] By reducing the distance between the radiating ports in the direction of signal radiation through the embodiments of this application, the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna can be suppressed, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna and realizing a series-fed waveguide antenna with low sidelobe level. This can reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of the waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, and reduce processing costs.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the waveguide device further includes:

[0019] Third radiation port;

[0020] The first radiation port is located between the second radiation port and the third radiation port;

[0021] The signal in the first waveguide cavity is also radiated through the third radiation port;

[0022] The distance between the radiating ends of the third radiating port and the first radiating port is less than or equal to the distance between the connection ends of the third radiating port and the first radiating port to the first waveguide cavity; or,

[0023] The distance between the radiating ends of the third radiating port and the first radiating port is greater than the distance between the connection ends of the third radiating port and the first radiating port and the first waveguide cavity.

[0024] In this embodiment of the application, the waveguide device further includes a third radiating port, and the first radiating port is located between the second radiating port and the third radiating port. Compared with the third radiating port, the first radiating port and the second radiating port are distributed at a position closer to the center of the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity. The distance between the radiating end of the third radiating port and the radiating end of the first radiating port is the third distance, and the distance between the connection end of the third radiating port and the first waveguide cavity and the connection end of the first radiating port and the first waveguide cavity is the fourth distance. At this time, regardless of whether the third distance is less than, equal to or greater than the fourth distance, the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna can be suppressed to a certain extent, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0025] It is understood that the distance between the third radiation port and the first radiation port in the embodiments of this application, whether it gradually decreases, remains unchanged or increases in the direction of signal radiation through the radiation port, can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna to a certain extent, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0026] It is understandable that the effect of suppressing waveguide antenna grating lobes when the third spacing is smaller than the fourth spacing is better than that when the third spacing is larger than the fourth spacing, thus reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna better. In other words, the effect of suppressing waveguide antenna grating lobes that gradually decrease in the direction of signal radiation through the radiating port is better than that that which gradually increases in the direction of signal radiation through the radiating port, thus reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna better.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the third radiation port includes a connected fifth sub-radiation segment and a sixth sub-radiation segment;

[0028] The fifth sub-radiating segment is a radiating segment close to the first waveguide cavity, and the sixth sub-radiating segment is a radiating segment far away from the first waveguide cavity;

[0029] The distance between the sixth sub-radiating segment and the second sub-radiating segment is less than or equal to the distance between the fifth sub-radiating segment and the first sub-radiating segment; or,

[0030] The distance between the sixth sub-radiation segment and the second sub-radiation segment is greater than the distance between the fifth sub-radiation segment and the first sub-radiation segment.

[0031] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of a third radiating port is provided. Specifically, the third radiating port includes a fifth sub-radiating segment and a sixth sub-radiating segment that are connected. The fifth sub-radiating segment is a radiating segment close to the first waveguide cavity, and the sixth sub-radiating segment is a radiating segment far from the first waveguide cavity. The distance between the sixth sub-radiating segment and the second sub-radiating segment can be less than, equal to, or greater than the distance between the fifth sub-radiating segment and the first sub-radiating segment. Both of these can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0032] It is understood that the third radiation port and the first radiation port in the embodiments of this application may include multiple (two or more) connected sub-radiation segments, and the multiple connected sub-radiation segments must meet the following conditions: the distance between the sub-radiation segments of the third radiation port and the first radiation port that are far away from the waveguide cavity may be less than or equal to the distance between the sub-radiation segments of the two radiation ports that are close to the waveguide cavity.

[0033] It is understandable that the effect of suppressing waveguide antenna grating lobes is better when the spacing between the sub-radiating segments of the third and first radiating ports that are far from the waveguide cavity is smaller than the spacing between the sub-radiating segments of the two radiating ports that are close to the waveguide cavity, than when the spacing between the sub-radiating segments of the third and first radiating ports that are far from the waveguide cavity is larger than the spacing between the sub-radiating segments of the two radiating ports that are close to the waveguide cavity.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the distance between the second sub-radiating segment and the fourth sub-radiating segment is smaller than the distance between the second sub-radiating segment and the sixth sub-radiating segment.

[0035] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of the spacing relationship between the second sub-radiating segment, the fourth sub-radiating segment, and the sixth sub-radiating segment is provided. Specifically, the spacing between the second and fourth sub-radiating segments is smaller than the spacing between the second and sixth sub-radiating segments. Since the first and second radiating ports are located on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, and are closer to the center of the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity than the third radiating port is located on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, this embodiment of the application, by setting the spacing between the second and fourth sub-radiating segments to be smaller than the spacing between the second and sixth sub-radiating segments, can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the spacing s1 between the second sub-radiating segment and the fourth sub-radiating segment satisfies the following condition:

[0037] 0.35λ0≤s1≤0.6λ0;

[0038] Wherein, λ0 represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in a vacuum.

[0039] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of the spacing between the second sub-radiating segment and the fourth sub-radiating segment is provided. Specifically, the spacing s1 between the second sub-radiating segment and the fourth sub-radiating segment satisfies the above conditions, which can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the spacing s2 between the first sub-radiating segment and the third sub-radiating segment satisfies the following condition:

[0041] 0.4λ g ≤s2≤0.6λ g ;

[0042] Wherein, the λ g The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted within the first waveguide cavity is characterized.

[0043] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of the spacing between the first sub-radiating segment and the third sub-radiating segment is provided. Specifically, the spacing s2 between the first sub-radiating segment and the third sub-radiating segment satisfies the above conditions, which can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated through the first radiation port and the second radiation port, including:

[0045] The signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated along a first direction from the first radiation port and the second radiation port through the first surface of the first waveguide cavity;

[0046] The width of the first surface in the second direction is the same as the width of the radiation port, and the length of the first surface in the third direction is the same as the length of the first waveguide cavity. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0047] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of the positional relationship between the first waveguide cavity and the radiation port is provided. Specifically, the first radiation port and the second radiation port are distributed on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity (i.e., the first surface of the first waveguide cavity). In this configuration, the signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated out from the first radiation port and the second radiation port along a first direction through the first surface of the first waveguide cavity. Furthermore, the width of the first surface in the second direction is the same as the width of the radiation port, and the length of the first surface in the third direction is the same as the length of the first waveguide cavity. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are mutually perpendicular, meaning that each pair of these mutually perpendicular directions forms a three-dimensional space. Through this embodiment, the first radiation port and the second radiation port are distributed on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, and the signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated out from the first radiation port and the second radiation port along the first direction through the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, thereby improving signal radiation efficiency.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the three-dimensional dimensions L1, a1, b1 of the first waveguide cavity satisfy the following conditions:

[0049] 0.85×(N×λ g / 2)≤L1≤1.15×(N×λ g / 2), 0 <a1≤0.5λ g 0.5λ g ≤b1≤λ g ;

[0050] Wherein, the λ g The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted within the first waveguide cavity is characterized by N, where N is the number of radiation ports.

[0051] L1 is the length of the first waveguide cavity in the third direction, a1 is the width of the first waveguide cavity in the second direction, and b1 is the height of the first waveguide cavity in the first direction.

[0052] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of the three-dimensional dimensions of the first waveguide cavity is provided. Specifically, the length of the first waveguide cavity in the third direction is L1, the width of the first waveguide cavity in the second direction is a1, and the height of the first waveguide cavity in the first direction is b1. The three-dimensional dimensions L1, a1, and b1 of the first waveguide cavity satisfy the above conditions, which can realize the steady-state field distribution in the first waveguide cavity and improve the signal transmission efficiency in the first waveguide cavity.

[0053] In one possible implementation, the spacing d1 between the two first waveguide cavities in the waveguide device satisfies the following condition:

[0054] 0.5λ0≤d1≤1.5λ0;

[0055] Wherein, λ0 represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in a vacuum.

[0056] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of the spacing between two first waveguide cavities in a waveguide device is provided. Specifically, the spacing d1 between the two (or more) first waveguide cavities in the waveguide device satisfies the above conditions, which can simplify the feeding network, realize small-pitch array of waveguide antenna array, reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, and reduce processing cost.

[0057] In one possible implementation, the first waveguide cavity has a bent structure for connecting the first radiation port and the second radiation port.

[0058] This application provides a possible specific implementation of a first waveguide cavity. Specifically, the first waveguide cavity includes a bent structure for connecting a first radiation port and a second radiation port. The bent structure can be a straight bend or a curved bend (e.g., including but not limited to triangular waveforms, sine waveforms, cosine waveforms, etc.), and this application does not impose any limitations on this. By modifying a straight waveguide into a waveguide with a bent structure and designing radiation ports on the narrow sidewalls, the spatial distance of the radiation ports can be reduced within a full waveguide wavelength, suppressing the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna and ensuring the waveguide antenna's advantages in radiation transmission efficiency.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the cross-sectional dimensions x1 and y1 of the bent structure in the first direction satisfy the following conditions:

[0060] 0.15λ g ≤x1≤0.35λ g 0.65λ g ≤y1≤0.85λ g ;

[0061] Wherein, x1 is the length of the bending structure in the second direction, and y1 is the length of the bending structure in the third direction.

[0062] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of the bending structure is provided. Specifically, the length of the bending structure in the second direction is x1, and the length of the bending structure in the third direction is y1. The cross-sectional dimensions x1 and y1 of the bending structure in the first direction satisfy the above conditions, which can reduce the spatial distance of the radiation port within a whole waveguide wavelength, suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna and ensuring the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency.

[0063] In one possible implementation, the sidelobe level of the waveguide device is less than a first threshold.

[0064] In this embodiment, by setting the distance between the radiating ends of the two radiating ports to be smaller than the distance between the connection ends of the two radiating ports and the waveguide cavity, a series-fed waveguide antenna with low sidelobe level can be realized. This makes the sidelobe level of the radiation pattern corresponding to the waveguide device less than a first threshold, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the waveguide antenna. Using a series-fed waveguide with a simpler feeding method can reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of the waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, and reduce processing costs. By reducing the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna, the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency can also be guaranteed.

[0065] It is understood that the first threshold in this embodiment is not a fixed value and can be adjusted according to different application scenarios. For example, the waveguide device in this embodiment has a significant advantage in radiation efficiency compared to traditional PCB printed antennas. In this case, the sidelobe level of the radiation pattern corresponding to the waveguide device can be adjusted to be lower than that of the sidelobe level of the radiation pattern corresponding to the traditional PCB printed antenna.

[0066] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a waveguide device, which includes:

[0067] The second waveguide cavity has M radiation ports, where M is an integer greater than 1;

[0068] The signal in the second waveguide cavity is radiated through the M radiation ports;

[0069] The second waveguide cavity has a bent structure, which is used to connect the M radiation ports.

[0070] In this embodiment, the second waveguide cavity in the waveguide device has a bent structure, which is used to connect M radiation ports. The signal in the second waveguide cavity is radiated through the M radiation ports. The bent structure can be a straight bend or a curved bend (e.g., including but not limited to triangular waveforms, sine waveforms, cosine waveforms, etc.), and this embodiment does not impose any limitation on it.

[0071] It is understood that the bent structure used to connect M radiating ports in the embodiments of this application can reduce the spatial distance between the radiating ports within a whole waveguide wavelength, suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, and thus reduce the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0072] Current parallel-fed waveguide antennas have complex three-dimensional structures, requiring high precision in manufacturing and incurring significant manufacturing costs. This application's embodiment, however, modifies a straight waveguide into a waveguide with a bent structure and designs radiating ports on the narrow sidewalls. This reduces the spatial distance of the radiating ports within a full waveguide wavelength, suppressing the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna and thus lowering the sidelobe level. This ensures the waveguide antenna's superior radiation transmission efficiency, resulting in a low-sidelobe-level series-fed waveguide antenna. Compared to current parallel-fed waveguide antennas, the waveguide device in this application uses a simpler series-fed waveguide, reducing the complexity of the three-dimensional structure, lowering the precision requirements, and reducing manufacturing costs. Furthermore, by reducing the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna, the superior radiation transmission efficiency of the waveguide antenna is maintained.

[0073] In one possible implementation, the signal in the second waveguide cavity is radiated through the M radiation ports, including:

[0074] The signal in the second waveguide cavity is radiated from the M radiation ports along the first direction through the first surface of the second waveguide cavity;

[0075] The width of the first surface in the second direction is the same as the width of the radiation port, and the length of the first surface in the third direction is the same as the length of the second waveguide cavity. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0076] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of the positional relationship between the second waveguide cavity and the radiation ports is provided. Specifically, M radiation ports are distributed on the narrow sidewall of the second waveguide cavity (i.e., the first surface of the second waveguide cavity). In this case, the signal in the second waveguide cavity is radiated out from the M radiation ports along a first direction through the first surface of the second waveguide cavity. Furthermore, the width of the first surface in the second direction is the same as the width of the radiation ports, and the length of the first surface in the third direction is the same as the length of the first waveguide cavity. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are mutually perpendicular. It can be understood that the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are mutually perpendicular to each other, forming a three-dimensional space. Through this embodiment, the M radiation ports are distributed on the narrow sidewall of the second waveguide cavity, and the signal in the second waveguide cavity is radiated out from the M radiation ports along the first direction through the narrow sidewall of the second waveguide cavity, which can improve the signal radiation efficiency.

[0077] In one possible implementation, the cross-sectional dimensions x2 and y2 of the bent structure in the first direction satisfy the following conditions:

[0078] 0.15λ g ≤x2≤0.35λ g 0.65λ g≤y2≤0.85λ g ;

[0079] Wherein, x2 is the length of the bending structure in the second direction, and y2 is the length of the bending structure in the third direction.

[0080] In this application, a possible specific implementation of a bent structure is provided. Specifically, the length of the bent structure in the second direction is x2, and the length of the bent structure in the third direction is y2. The cross-sectional dimensions x2 and y2 of the bent structure in the first direction satisfy the above conditions, which can reduce the spatial distance of the radiation port within a whole waveguide wavelength, suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna and ensuring the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency.

[0081] In one possible implementation, the three-dimensional dimensions L2, a2, b2 of the second waveguide cavity satisfy the following conditions:

[0082] 0.85×(M×λ g / 2)≤L2≤1.15×(M×λ) g / 2), 0 <a2≤0.5λ g 0.5λ g ≤b2≤λ g ;

[0083] Wherein, the λ g Characterizes the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted within the second waveguide cavity;

[0084] L2 is the length of the second waveguide cavity in the third direction, a2 is the width of the second waveguide cavity in the second direction, and b2 is the height of the second waveguide cavity in the first direction.

[0085] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of the three-dimensional dimensions of the second waveguide cavity is provided. Specifically, the length of the second waveguide cavity in the third direction is L2, the width of the second waveguide cavity in the second direction is a2, and the height of the second waveguide cavity in the first direction is b2. The three-dimensional dimensions L2, a2, and b2 of the second waveguide cavity satisfy the above conditions, which can realize the steady-state field distribution in the second waveguide cavity and improve the signal transmission efficiency in the second waveguide cavity.

[0086] In one possible implementation, the spacing d2 between the two second waveguide cavities in the waveguide device satisfies the following condition:

[0087] 0.5λ0≤d2≤1.5λ0;

[0088] Wherein, λ0 represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in a vacuum.

[0089] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of the spacing between two second waveguide cavities in a waveguide device is provided. Specifically, the spacing d2 between the two (or more) second waveguide cavities in the waveguide device satisfies the above conditions, which can simplify the feeding network, realize small-pitch array of waveguide antenna array, reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, and reduce processing cost.

[0090] In one possible implementation, the spacing s3 between two adjacent radiation ports among the M radiation ports satisfies the following condition:

[0091] 0.35λ0≤s3≤0.6λ0;

[0092] Wherein, λ0 represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in a vacuum.

[0093] In this application embodiment, a possible specific implementation of the spacing between two adjacent radiation ports in M ​​radiation ports is provided. Specifically, the spacing s3 between two adjacent radiation ports in M ​​radiation ports satisfies the above conditions, which can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0094] In one possible implementation, the sidelobe level of the waveguide device is less than a second threshold.

[0095] In this embodiment, by modifying a straight waveguide into a waveguide with a bent structure and designing a radiation port on the narrow sidewall, a series-fed waveguide antenna with low sidelobe level can be realized. This makes the sidelobe level of the corresponding radiation pattern of the waveguide device less than the second threshold, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the waveguide antenna. Using a series-fed waveguide with a simpler feeding method can reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of the waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, and reduce processing costs. By reducing the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna, the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency can also be guaranteed.

[0096] It is understood that the second threshold in this embodiment is not a fixed value and can be adjusted according to different application scenarios. For example, the waveguide device in this embodiment has a significant advantage in radiation efficiency compared to traditional PCB printed antennas. In this case, the sidelobe level of the radiation pattern corresponding to the waveguide device can be adjusted to be lower than that of the sidelobe level of the radiation pattern corresponding to the traditional PCB printed antenna.

[0097] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a radar or radar system that includes the waveguide device described in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or includes the waveguide device described in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect. It should be noted that there may be intelligent sensors integrating multiple sensors. When such intelligent sensors include millimeter-wave detection capabilities, they can also be referred to as millimeter-wave radar or millimeter-wave radar systems.

[0098] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a terminal device, which includes the waveguide device described in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or includes the waveguide device described in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, or includes the radar or radar system described in the third aspect.

[0099] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle terminal that includes the waveguide device described in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the waveguide device described in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, or the radar or radar system described in the third aspect, or the terminal device described in the fourth aspect.

[0100] In this embodiment, a series-fed waveguide with a simpler feeding configuration is used, which can reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of the waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, reduce processing costs, and ensure the waveguide antenna's advantages in radiation transmission efficiency by reducing the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0101] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0102] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a radar distribution provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0103] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a radar architecture provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0104] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a waveguide antenna feed network provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0105] Figure 4A schematic diagram of a waveguide antenna feed network provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0106] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0107] Figure 6 This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0108] Figure 7 This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0109] Figure 8A This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0110] Figure 8B This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0111] Figure 8C This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0112] Figure 8D This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0113] Figure 9A This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0114] Figure 9B This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0115] Figure 10A This is a schematic diagram of the signal distribution of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0116] Figure 10B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of a radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0117] Figure 11A This is a schematic diagram of the signal distribution of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0118] Figure 11B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of a radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0119] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of another waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0120] Figure 13 This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0121] Figure 14AThis is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0122] Figure 14B This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0123] Figure 14C This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0124] Figure 14D This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0125] Figure 15A This is a schematic diagram of the signal distribution of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0126] Figure 15B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of a radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0127] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of a waveguide antenna feeding network provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0128] Figure 17A This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of return loss in an embodiment of this application;

[0129] Figure 17B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of transmission isolation provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0130] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0131] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0132] The term "embodiment" as used herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0133] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, "more than one" means two or more, "at least two (items)" means two or three or more, and "and / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0134] As described in the background section, there is a current need to address the challenges of complex three-dimensional structures and high manufacturing costs associated with waveguide antennas. This application provides a waveguide device and related products, relating to the field of millimeter-wave radar technology. It employs a series-fed waveguide with a simpler feeding configuration, which reduces the complexity of the waveguide antenna's three-dimensional structure, lowers the requirements for manufacturing precision, and reduces manufacturing costs. Furthermore, by reducing the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna, the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency can be guaranteed.

[0135] To more clearly describe the scheme of this application, some radar-related knowledge will be introduced below.

[0136] The signal processing system provided in the embodiments of this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0137] Radar is a transliteration of the English word Radar, which is an abbreviation of "radio detection and ranging". It uses radio methods to detect targets and determine their spatial position.

[0138] Radar uses electromagnetic waves as its detection medium. It detects targets by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, for example, by measuring distance, velocity, or azimuth. Radar can measure the distance to a target based on the time-of-flight of electromagnetic waves, which is the time difference between transmitting and receiving the electromagnetic wave. Radar transmits electromagnetic wave signals and receives the echo signals. The distance to the target can be measured based on the time difference between the received echo signal and the transmitted electromagnetic wave signal, and the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave. The distance between the radar and the target can be determined using the following formula: s = c * t / 2, where s is the distance to the target, t is the time-of-flight (the time from when the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted to when the echo signal is received), and c is the speed of light.

[0139] Radar measures target velocity based on the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect works as follows: when a vibration source such as sound, light, or radio waves moves relative to an observer at a relative velocity, the frequency of the vibration received by the observer differs from the frequency emitted by the source. When there is relative movement between the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radar and the target being detected, the frequency of the echo signal will differ from the frequency of the emitted electromagnetic wave signal. When the target moves closer to the radar antenna, the frequency of the echo signal will be higher than the frequency of the emitted electromagnetic wave signal; conversely, when the target moves away from the radar antenna, the frequency of the echo signal will be lower than the frequency of the emitted electromagnetic wave signal. This frequency change caused by the Doppler effect is called the Doppler shift, which is directly proportional to the relative velocity and inversely proportional to the vibration frequency. Therefore, by detecting the frequency difference between the emitted electromagnetic wave signal and the echo signal, the target's velocity relative to the radar, i.e., the relative velocity between the target and the radar, can be measured.

[0140] Radar can measure azimuth using methods such as amplitude method and phase method. Amplitude method uses the amplitude value of the echo signal received by the antenna to measure the angle. The variation of this amplitude value depends on the antenna pattern and the antenna scanning method. Phase method uses the phase difference between the echo signals received by multiple antenna elements to measure the angle. For example, if the radar receives the echo signal reflected from the same target through the antenna array, the azimuth of the target can be calculated based on the phase difference of the echo signals.

[0141] Millimeter-wave radar uses electromagnetic waves within a specific wavelength range, such as microwaves. Currently, millimeter waves and centimeter waves (e.g., 24 GHz band centimeter waves) are commonly used. Millimeter waves have wavelengths of 1–10 millimeters (mm), while the wavelength of 24 GHz band electromagnetic waves is slightly longer than 10 mm. Because the wavelength of the detection medium in millimeter-wave radar lies in the overlapping range of microwaves and far-infrared waves, it possesses characteristics of both spectra. According to wave propagation theory, higher frequency results in shorter wavelengths, higher resolution, and stronger penetration, but also greater propagation losses and shorter transmission distances. Conversely, lower frequency results in longer wavelengths, stronger diffraction capabilities, and longer transmission distances. Therefore, compared to microwaves, millimeter-wave radar offers higher resolution, better directivity, stronger anti-interference capabilities, and better detection performance. Compared to infrared, millimeter-wave radar has less atmospheric attenuation, better penetration through smoke and dust, and is less affected by weather conditions. Therefore, millimeter-wave radar has been increasingly widely used in various fields such as intelligent vehicles, drones, intelligent transportation, and industrial automation.

[0142] Radars can be categorized into long-range radar (LRR), mid-range radar (MRR), and short-range radar (SRR) based on their detection range. LRRs have high requirements for detection range but relatively lower requirements for angular width. SRRs have relatively lower requirements for detection range but higher requirements for angular width. MRRs can be understood as having requirements between LRR and SRR in terms of both detection range and angular width. For example, LRRs can have a detection range of over 200 meters and an angular width of ±15°; MRRs can have a detection range of up to 100 meters and an angular width of ±45°; and SRRs can have a detection range of up to 60 meters and an angular width of ±80°. In practice, different types of radars can be installed at different locations on the vehicle body, depending on the functional requirements of autonomous driving and the usage of other sensors. The number and type of radars can be selected as needed.

[0143] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a radar distribution provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0144] Figure 1 The possible installation locations for several types of Radar are given as examples only. In actual use, more or fewer Radars can be selected, and the types can also be adjusted.

[0145] like Figure 1As shown, the LRR can be installed at the front of the vehicle as a forward-facing radar; the MRR can be installed at the front or rear of the vehicle as a forward-facing or rear-facing radar; and the SRR can be installed on the side of the vehicle or at the four corners of the vehicle as a side-facing or corner-facing radar. Furthermore, the MRR can also be installed on the side of the vehicle or at the four corners of the vehicle, and the SRR can also be installed at the front or rear of the vehicle.

[0146] Radars can be classified according to their electromagnetic wave modulation (or radiation) methods. Radar electromagnetic wave modulation methods include pulse modulation and continuous wave modulation, thus radars can be divided into pulse radars and continuous wave radars. Continuous wave modulation can be further divided into frequency shift keying (FSK), phase shift keying (PSK), continuous wave (CW), frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), multiple frequency shift keying (MFSK), and phase modulated continuous wave (PMCW), among others. FMCW has become the mainstream radar modulation method due to its ability to detect multiple targets, high resolution, and low cost.

[0147] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a radar provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0148] like Figure 2 As shown, the radar includes an MMIC, a microcontroller unit (MCU), and a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). The MMIC can integrate the functions of the radio frequency section, the MCU can integrate the functions of the baseband section, such as integrating the functions of a signal processor, and can also provide a communication interface for communicating with other in-vehicle devices. The PMIC is a chip that supplies power to the radar hardware system.

[0149] A waveguide is a structure used to guide electromagnetic waves in a specific direction. In electromagnetics and communications engineering, a waveguide can refer to any linear structure that transmits electromagnetic waves between its endpoints. Waveguides are primarily used as transmission lines for microwave frequencies, connecting microwave transmitters and receivers to their antennas in radar, communication satellites, and microwave radio link equipment.

[0150] Currently, with the development of system functions, millimeter-wave automotive radar antennas require higher efficiency and wider bandwidth. Compared to traditional printed circuit board (PCB) antennas, waveguide antennas have significant advantages in radiation transmission efficiency and wide bandwidth characteristics. However, the complex three-dimensional structure of the waveguide antenna feed network limits its application in millimeter-wave radar in terms of size and manufacturing cost. Therefore, if the structure of the waveguide antenna can be significantly simplified without degrading antenna performance, its application in millimeter-wave radar will be greatly enhanced.

[0151] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a waveguide antenna feed network provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0152] like Figure 3 As shown, this is a waveguide antenna feeding network implemented using a multi-stage T-type power divider. Specifically, it uses a multi-stage parallel two-stage HT power divider to achieve a 1-to-8 power divider feeding. In the final stage power divider, an offset feed design is used to achieve amplitude and phase weighting of the radiation port, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the V-plane radiation pattern.

[0153] The fabrication process for the waveguide antenna feed network involves a four-layer segmentation method. Each segmented structural component is formed using a plastic mold, then surface metallization is achieved through electroplating, and finally, the structure of the waveguide antenna feed network is obtained through interlayer brazing.

[0154] Depend on Figure 3 As can be seen, the three-dimensional structure of this waveguide antenna feed network is complex, requiring high processing precision and incurring significant processing costs. Furthermore, this embodiment only uses eight radiating ports as an example. With an increase in the number of radiating ports, the waveguide antenna feed network requires more stages of T-type power dividers, leading to a larger cross-sectional height and consequently a complex three-dimensional structure. Multi-layer processing demands high precision, resulting in poor performance tolerance and high processing costs, thus limiting its practical value in engineering applications.

[0155] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a waveguide antenna feed network provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0156] like Figure 4 As shown, this is a waveguide antenna feeding network implemented using a simpler feeding method, similar to the one described above. Figure 3The parallel-fed waveguide antenna shown in this application embodiment, and the series-fed waveguide antenna in this embodiment, can greatly simplify the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of the waveguide antenna feeding network, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, and reduce processing costs.

[0157] However, given that the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna, which has a simpler feeding method, is higher, its signal radiation transmission efficiency is lower, and its value for practical engineering applications is also lower.

[0158] To address the issues of high manufacturing costs due to the complex three-dimensional structure of the aforementioned waveguide antenna feed network and low signal radiation transmission efficiency due to the high sidelobe level, this application proposes a radar waveguide antenna feed network that can operate in the millimeter-wave band of 76–78 GHz. This design ensures the advantages of waveguide antennas in terms of radiation transmission efficiency while also solving the problems of complex three-dimensional structure and high manufacturing costs associated with current parallel-fed waveguide antennas.

[0159] The waveguide device provided in the embodiments of this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0160] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0161] like Figure 5 As shown, the waveguide device includes:

[0162] First waveguide cavity, first radiation port P1 and second radiation port P2;

[0163] The signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated through the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2.

[0164] The distance between the radiating ends of the first radiating port P1 and the second radiating port P2 is less than the distance between the connection ends of the first radiating port P1 and the second radiating port P2 and the first waveguide cavity.

[0165] Understandable Figure 5 The waveguide device shown includes four radiating ports, which is only one possible illustrative example. The waveguide device may also include more or fewer radiating ports, and this application embodiment does not limit this. In order to make the description more concise and convenient, this application embodiment uses the first radiating port P1 and the second radiating port P2 as examples, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application embodiment.

[0166] In this waveguide device, the distance between the radiating end of the first radiating port P1 and the radiating end of the second radiating port P2 is the first distance, and the distance between the connection end of the first radiating port P1 and the first waveguide cavity and the connection end of the second radiating port P2 and the first waveguide cavity is the second distance. By setting the first distance to be smaller than the second distance, the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna can be suppressed, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0167] It is understood that the aforementioned radiating end and connecting end refer to different parts of the radiation port divided according to their relative distance from the first waveguide cavity. Specifically, the radiating end can refer to the end of the radiation port relatively far from the first waveguide cavity, and the connecting end can refer to the end of the radiation port relatively close to the first waveguide cavity. For example, for Figure 5 For the first radiating port P1, the end of the radiating port that is relatively far from the first waveguide cavity is port P11, that is, the radiating end of the first radiating port P1 is port P11, and the end of the radiating port that is relatively far from the first waveguide cavity is port P12, that is, the connecting end of the first radiating port P1 is port P12. For example, for... Figure 5 For the second radiating port P2, the end of the radiating port that is relatively far from the first waveguide cavity is port P21, that is, the radiating end of the second radiating port P2 is port P21, and the end of the radiating port that is relatively far from the first waveguide cavity is port P22, that is, the connecting end of the second radiating port P2 is port P22. In the actual product structure, since the radiating port and the first waveguide cavity can be integrally formed, the connecting end refers to the connection point between the radiating part and the first waveguide cavity.

[0168] It is understood that the distance between the first and second radiation ports in the embodiments of this application is in the direction in which the signal is radiated through the radiation ports, i.e. Figure 5 The spacing between the radiating apertures gradually decreases in the first direction (z-direction), which can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna and thus reduce the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0169] Understandable Figure 5 The first direction (z-direction), the second direction (x-direction), and the third direction (y-direction) are mutually perpendicular to each other, forming a three-dimensional space. At this time, the first direction (z-direction) is the direction in which the signal is radiated through the radiation port, the second direction (x-direction) is perpendicular to the wide sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, and the third direction (y-direction) is parallel to the wide sidewall of the first waveguide cavity.

[0170] Optionally, the waveguide device may further include an input waveguide for inputting a signal into the first waveguide cavity. Optionally, the input waveguide may also be other forms of feed structure for feeding a signal into the first waveguide cavity, and the embodiments of this application are not limited in this regard.

[0171] Current parallel-feed waveguide antennas (as described above) Figure 3 The three-dimensional structure shown is complex, requiring high processing precision and resulting in high processing costs. However, the embodiment of this application achieves a series-fed waveguide antenna with low sidelobe level by setting the distance between the radiating ends of the two radiating ports to be smaller than the distance between the connection ends of the two radiating ports and the waveguide cavity.

[0172] Compared with current parallel-fed waveguide antennas, the waveguide device in this embodiment adopts a series-fed waveguide with a simpler feeding method, which can reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of the waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, and reduce processing costs. Furthermore, by setting the distance between the radiating ends of the two radiating ports to be smaller than the distance between the connection ends of the two radiating ports and the waveguide cavity, the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna can be reduced, thus ensuring the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency.

[0173] Optionally, the effect of reducing the spatial distance of the radiating aperture to achieve a low sidelobe level in a series-fed waveguide antenna can be explained by combining the principles of antenna array element spacing and sidelobe level, as follows:

[0174] Arrange N radiation sources in a straight line along the Z-axis. Assume that each element has the same amplitude and the previous element leads the next element by a phase value of β (an array in which the amplitude and phase of each element are equal is called a uniform array).

[0175] According to the antenna array pattern product theorem (total pattern = element factor × array factor), when all elements in the array are identical, the element can be considered as a point source to calculate the array factor. From the first element onwards, the phase of each element arriving at the observation point lags behind the phase of kd cosθ + β, and its array factor is:

[0176]

[0177] The above equation is a geometric sequence. According to the formula for the sum of a geometric sequence, we can obtain:

[0178]

[0179] With the center of the array defined as the origin, the above equation can be simplified to:

[0180]

[0181] When ψ approaches 0, using L'Hôpital's rule to find the limit of the above equation, we get:

[0182]

[0183] That is, if the maximum value of AF is approximately N, then the normalized matrix factor is:

[0184]

[0185] When ψ is very small, or N is large enough, the above equation can be simplified to:

[0186]

[0187] Based on ψ = kd cosθ + β, different types of array patterns can be achieved by taking different values ​​for kd and β:

[0188] (1) Side-firing array: The direction of maximum radiation is perpendicular to the array axis (the axis of the array arrangement), θ m =90deg;

[0189] (2) End-fire array: The maximum radiation direction is perpendicular to the array axis, θ m =0 / 180deg;

[0190] (3) Phased array: The direction of maximum radiation changes with time.

[0191] The one-dimensional antenna array in this embodiment is a side-fire array, and the array factor expression shows that the main lobe of the array always appears at kd cosθ+β=0;

[0192] For a side-fire array, θ m =90deg, the calculation yields:

[0193] β=-kd cosθ m =0

[0194] From the above equation, it can be seen that the phase difference between each array element is 0, i.e., it is an equal-amplitude, in-phase array. The array spacing d can be any distance that is not an integer multiple of the wavelength. Because when d = nλ, ψ = kd cosθ = ±2nπcosθ. This makes AF... n There is also a maximum value at θ = 0° or 180°, which is the grating lobe (the grating lobe is a type of sidelobe). These grating lobe channels are to be avoided, therefore, the maximum spacing d between array elements is usually maximized. max Less than one wavelength.

[0195] Therefore, by reducing the spatial distance of the radiating port, the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna can be reduced.

[0196] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application. It can be understood that... Figure 6 The waveguide device shown can be implemented as a standalone embodiment; or, Figure 6 The waveguide device shown can also be understood as the one described above. Figure 5 The deformation or supplementation of the waveguide device in the middle, at this time Figure 6 This can be understood as the above. Figure 5The waveguide device shown is a plan view in the second direction (x direction).

[0197] like Figure 6 As shown, the waveguide device includes:

[0198] First waveguide cavity, first radiation port P1 and second radiation port P2;

[0199] The signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated through the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2.

[0200] The distance between the radiating ends of the first radiating port P1 and the second radiating port P2 is less than the distance between the connection ends of the first radiating port P1 and the second radiating port P2 and the first waveguide cavity.

[0201] Understandable Figure 5 The waveguide device shown includes four radiating ports, which is only one possible illustrative example. The waveguide device may also include more or fewer radiating ports, and this application embodiment does not limit this. In order to make the description more concise and convenient, this application embodiment uses the first radiating port P1 and the second radiating port P2 as examples, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application embodiment.

[0202] The first radiation port P1 includes a connected first sub-radiation segment q1 and a second sub-radiation segment q2, and the second radiation port P2 includes a connected third sub-radiation segment q3 and a fourth sub-radiation segment q4.

[0203] The first sub-radiating segment q1 and the third sub-radiating segment q3 are radiating segments close to the first waveguide cavity, while the second sub-radiating segment q2 and the fourth sub-radiating segment q4 are radiating segments far away from the first waveguide cavity.

[0204] The distance between the second sub-radiating segment q2 and the fourth sub-radiating segment q4 is less than the distance between the first sub-radiating segment q1 and the third sub-radiating segment q3.

[0205] The aforementioned sub-radiating segments refer to different parts of the radiation port divided according to their relative distance from the first waveguide cavity. Specifically, the first sub-radiating segment q1 and the third sub-radiating segment q3 can refer to the radiation segments close to the first waveguide cavity, while the second sub-radiating segment q2 and the fourth sub-radiating segment q4 can refer to the radiation segments far from the first waveguide cavity. Furthermore, the distance between the second sub-radiating segment q2 and the fourth sub-radiating segment q4 (i.e., distance s1) is smaller than the distance between the first sub-radiating segment q1 and the third sub-radiating segment q3 (i.e., distance s2).

[0206] It is understood that the radiation port in the embodiments of this application may include multiple (two or more) connected sub-radiation segments, and the multiple connected sub-radiation segments must meet the following condition: the distance between the sub-radiation segments of two radiation ports that are far away from the waveguide cavity is less than the distance between the sub-radiation segments of two radiation ports that are close to the waveguide cavity.

[0207] It is understood that the spacing between the sub-radiating segments of the two radiating ports in the embodiments of this application gradually decreases in the direction in which the signal is radiated through the radiating ports, i.e., the first direction (z direction). The reduction in the spacing between the radiating ports can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0208] Understandable Figure 6 The first direction (z-direction) and the third direction (y-direction) are perpendicular to each other, and the plane formed by the first direction (z-direction) and the third direction (y-direction) is perpendicular to the second direction (x-direction). At this time, the first direction (z-direction) is the direction in which the signal is radiated through the radiation port, the second direction (x-direction) is perpendicular to the wide sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, and the third direction (y-direction) is parallel to the wide sidewall of the first waveguide cavity.

[0209] Optionally, the waveguide device may further include an input waveguide for inputting a signal into the first waveguide cavity. Optionally, the input waveguide may also be other forms of feed structure for feeding a signal into the first waveguide cavity, and the embodiments of this application are not limited in this regard.

[0210] By reducing the distance between the radiating ports in the direction of signal radiation through the embodiments of this application, the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna can be suppressed, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna and realizing a series-fed waveguide antenna with low sidelobe level. This can reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of the waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, and reduce processing costs.

[0211] In one possible embodiment, the above Figure 5 or Figure 6 The waveguide device shown also includes a third radiating port.

[0212] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application. It can be understood that... Figure 7 The waveguide device shown can be implemented as a standalone embodiment; or, Figure 7 The waveguide device shown can also be understood as the one described above. Figure 5 or Figure 6 The deformation or supplementation of the waveguide device in the middle, at this time Figure 7 This can be understood as the above. Figure 5 The waveguide device shown is a plan view in the second direction (x direction).

[0213] like Figure 7 As shown, the waveguide device also includes:

[0214] Third radiation port P3;

[0215] The first radiation port P1 is located between the second radiation port P2 and the third radiation port P3;

[0216] The signal in the first waveguide cavity is also radiated through the third radiation port P3;

[0217] The distance between the radiating ends of the third radiating port P3 and the first radiating port P1 is less than or equal to the distance between the connection ends of the third radiating port P3 and the first radiating port P1 and the first waveguide cavity; or,

[0218] The distance between the radiating ends of the third radiating port P3 and the first radiating port P1 is greater than the distance between the connection ends of the third radiating port P3 and the first radiating port P1 and the first waveguide cavity.

[0219] Understandable Figure 7 The waveguide device shown includes four radiating ports, which is only one possible illustrative example. The waveguide device may also include more or fewer radiating ports, and this application embodiment does not limit this. In order to make the description more concise and convenient, this application embodiment uses the first radiating port P1, the second radiating port P2, and the third radiating port P3 as examples for illustration, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application embodiment.

[0220] Among them, compared with the third radiating port P3, the first radiating port P1 and the second radiating port P2 are located closer to the center on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity. The distance between the radiating end of the third radiating port P3 and the radiating end of the first radiating port P1 is the third distance (i.e., s3), and the distance between the connection end of the third radiating port P3 and the connection end of the first radiating port P1 and the first waveguide cavity is the fourth distance (i.e., s4). At this time, regardless of whether the third distance (s3) is less than, equal to, or greater than the fourth distance (s4), the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna can be suppressed to a certain extent, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0221] It is understood that the aforementioned radiating end and connecting end refer to the different parts of the radiating port divided according to their relative distance from the first waveguide cavity. Specifically, the radiating end can refer to the end of the radiating port that is relatively far away from the first waveguide cavity, and the connecting end can refer to the end of the radiating port that is relatively close to the first waveguide cavity.

[0222] It is understood that the spacing between the third radiating port P3 and the first radiating port P1 in the embodiments of this application, whether it gradually decreases, remains unchanged or increases in the direction of signal radiation through the radiating port, can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna to a certain extent, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0223] It is understandable that the effect of suppressing waveguide antenna grating lobes when the third spacing (s3) is smaller than the fourth spacing (s4) is better than that when the third spacing (s3) is larger than the fourth spacing (s4), thus reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna better. In other words, the effect of suppressing waveguide antenna grating lobes that gradually decrease in the direction of signal radiation through the radiating port is better than that that which gradually increases in the direction of signal radiation through the radiating port, thus reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna better.

[0224] Understandable Figure 7 The first direction (z-direction) and the third direction (y-direction) are perpendicular to each other, and the plane formed by the first direction (z-direction) and the third direction (y-direction) is perpendicular to the second direction (x-direction). At this time, the first direction (z-direction) is the direction in which the signal is radiated through the radiation port, the second direction (x-direction) is perpendicular to the wide sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, and the third direction (y-direction) is parallel to the wide sidewall of the first waveguide cavity.

[0225] Optionally, the waveguide device may further include an input waveguide for inputting a signal into the first waveguide cavity. Optionally, the input waveguide may also be other forms of feed structure for feeding a signal into the first waveguide cavity, and the embodiments of this application are not limited in this regard.

[0226] Furthermore, the aforementioned third radiation port P3 includes a connected fifth sub-radiation segment q5 and a sixth sub-radiation segment q6;

[0227] The fifth sub-radiating segment q5 is the radiating segment close to the first waveguide cavity, and the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 is the radiating segment far away from the first waveguide cavity;

[0228] The distance between the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 and the second sub-radiating segment q2 is less than or equal to the distance between the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 and the first sub-radiating segment q1; or,

[0229] The distance between the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 and the second sub-radiating segment q2 is greater than the distance between the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 and the first sub-radiating segment q1.

[0230] The aforementioned sub-radiating segments refer to different parts of the radiation port divided according to their relative distance from the first waveguide cavity. Specifically, the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 can refer to the radiation segment close to the first waveguide cavity, and the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 can refer to the radiation segment far from the first waveguide cavity. Furthermore, the distance between the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 and the second sub-radiating segment q2 (i.e., distance s3) is less than, equal to, or greater than the distance between the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 and the first sub-radiating segment q1 (i.e., distance s4).

[0231] It is understood that the third radiation port P3 and the first radiation port P1 in the embodiments of this application may include multiple (two or more) connected sub-radiation segments, and the multiple connected sub-radiation segments must meet the following conditions: the distance between the sub-radiation segments of the third radiation port P3 and the first radiation port P1 that are far away from the waveguide cavity can be less than or equal to the distance between the sub-radiation segments of the two radiation ports that are close to the waveguide cavity.

[0232] It is understandable that the effect of suppressing waveguide antenna grating lobes when the spacing between the sub-radiating segments of the third radiating port P3 and the first radiating port P1 that are far from the waveguide cavity is smaller than the spacing between the sub-radiating segments of the two radiating ports that are close to the waveguide cavity is better than the effect of suppressing waveguide antenna grating lobes when the spacing between the sub-radiating segments of the third radiating port P3 and the first radiating port P1 that are far from the waveguide cavity is larger than the spacing between the sub-radiating segments of the two radiating ports that are close to the waveguide cavity.

[0233] Optionally, the spacing between the second sub-radiating segment q2 and the fourth sub-radiating segment q4 is smaller than the spacing between the second sub-radiating segment q2 and the sixth sub-radiating segment q6.

[0234] Since the first and second radiating ports are located on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, and are closer to the center of the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity than the third radiating port is located on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna can be suppressed and the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna can be reduced by setting the spacing between the second and fourth sub-radiating segments to be smaller than the spacing between the second and sixth sub-radiating segments in this embodiment.

[0235] In addition, the following will also be combined Figures 8A to 8D The following explanation addresses the cases where the distance between the sixth sub-radiation segment q6 and the second sub-radiation segment q2 is less than, equal to, or greater than the distance between the fifth sub-radiation segment q5 and the first sub-radiation segment q1.

[0236] Please see Figures 8A to 8D , Figures 8A to 8D This is a planar schematic diagram of the waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application. It is understood that... Figures 8A to 8D The waveguide device shown can be implemented as a standalone embodiment; or, Figures 8A to 8D The waveguide device shown can also be understood as the one described above. Figure 5 or Figure 6 or Figure 7 The deformation or supplementation of the waveguide device in the middle, at this time Figures 8A to 8D This can be understood as the above. Figure 4 The waveguide device shown is a plan view in the second direction (x direction).

[0237] like Figures 8A to 8DAs shown, the distance between the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 and the second sub-radiating segment q2, and the distance between the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 and the first sub-radiating segment q1, have the following characteristics:

[0238] Scenario 1:

[0239] like Figure 8A As shown, multiple radiation ports are uniformly distributed on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, including but not limited to the first radiation port P1, the second radiation port P2, and the third radiation port P3. Among them, compared with the third radiation port P3, the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2 are located closer to the center of the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity.

[0240] The first sub-radiating segment q1 in the first radiating port P1, the third sub-radiating segment q3 in the second radiating port P2, and the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 in the third radiating port P3 remain in their original positions. The fourth sub-radiating segment q4 in the second radiating port P2 is shifted to the left by a certain distance in the third direction (y direction). The second sub-radiating segment q2 in the first radiating port P1 is shifted to the right by a distance i1 in the third direction (y direction). The sixth sub-radiating segment q6 in the third radiating port P3 is shifted to the right by a distance i2 in the third direction (y direction).

[0241] When i1 is less than i2, the distance by which the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 in the third radiating port P3 shifts to the right in the third direction (y direction) is greater than the distance by which the second sub-radiating segment q2 in the first radiating port P1 shifts to the right in the third direction (y direction). This makes the distance between the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 and the second sub-radiating segment q2 (i.e., distance s3) less than the distance between the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 and the first sub-radiating segment q1 (i.e., distance s4). This can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0242] Scenario 2:

[0243] like Figure 8B As shown, multiple radiation ports are uniformly distributed on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, including but not limited to the first radiation port P1, the second radiation port P2, and the third radiation port P3. Among them, compared with the third radiation port P3, the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2 are located closer to the center of the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity.

[0244] The first sub-radiating segment q1 in the first radiating port P1, the third sub-radiating segment q3 in the second radiating port P2, and the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 in the third radiating port P3 remain in their original positions. The fourth sub-radiating segment q4 in the second radiating port P2 is shifted to the left by a certain distance in the third direction (y direction). The second sub-radiating segment q2 in the first radiating port P1 is shifted to the right by a distance i1 in the third direction (y direction). The sixth sub-radiating segment q6 in the third radiating port P3 is shifted to the right by a distance i2 in the third direction (y direction). i1 is less than i2.

[0245] When i1 equals i2, the distance by which the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 in the third radiating port P3 shifts to the right in the third direction (y direction) is equal to the distance by which the second sub-radiating segment q2 in the first radiating port P1 shifts to the right in the third direction (y direction), so that the distance between the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 and the second sub-radiating segment q2 (i.e., distance s3) is equal to the distance between the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 and the first sub-radiating segment q1 (i.e., distance s4).

[0246] At this time, since the distance between the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2, which are located closer to the center on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, is smaller in the first direction (z direction), the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna can still be suppressed to a certain extent, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0247] Scenario 3:

[0248] like Figure 8C As shown, multiple radiation ports are uniformly distributed on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, including but not limited to the first radiation port P1, the second radiation port P2, and the third radiation port P3. Among them, compared with the third radiation port P3, the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2 are located closer to the center of the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity.

[0249] The first sub-radiating segment q1 in the first radiating port P1, the third sub-radiating segment q3 in the second radiating port P2, and the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 in the third radiating port P3 remain in their original positions. The fourth sub-radiating segment q4 in the second radiating port P2 is shifted to the left by a certain distance in the third direction (y direction). The second sub-radiating segment q2 in the first radiating port P1 is shifted to the right by a distance i1 in the third direction (y direction). The sixth sub-radiating segment q6 in the third radiating port P3 is shifted to the right by a distance i2 in the third direction (y direction). i1 is less than i2.

[0250] When i1 is greater than i2, the distance by which the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 in the third radiation port P3 shifts to the right in the third direction (y direction) is less than the distance by which the second sub-radiating segment q2 in the first radiation port P1 shifts to the right in the third direction (y direction), so that the distance between the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 and the second sub-radiating segment q2 (i.e., distance s3) is greater than the distance between the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 and the first sub-radiating segment q1 (i.e., distance s4).

[0251] In particular, when i1 is greater than i2 and i2 is 0, the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 in the third radiating port P3 does not shift, and the distance between the sixth sub-radiating segment q6 and the second sub-radiating segment q2 (i.e., distance s3) is also greater than the distance between the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 and the first sub-radiating segment q1 (i.e., distance s4).

[0252] At this time, since the distance between the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2, which are located closer to the center on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, is smaller in the first direction (z direction), the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna can still be suppressed to a certain extent, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0253] Scenario 4:

[0254] like Figure 8D As shown, multiple radiation ports are uniformly distributed on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, including but not limited to the first radiation port P1, the second radiation port P2, and the third radiation port P3. Among them, compared with the third radiation port P3, the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2 are located closer to the center of the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity.

[0255] The first sub-radiating segment q1 in the first radiating port P1, the third sub-radiating segment q3 in the second radiating port P2, and the fifth sub-radiating segment q5 in the third radiating port P3 remain in their original positions. The fourth sub-radiating segment q4 in the second radiating port P2 is shifted to the left by a certain distance in the third direction (y direction). The second sub-radiating segment q2 in the first radiating port P1 is shifted to the right by a distance i1 in the third direction (y direction). The sixth sub-radiating segment q6 in the third radiating port P3 is shifted to the left by a distance i2 in the third direction (y direction).

[0256] When i2 is greater than 0, the distance between the sixth sub-radiation segment q6 and the second sub-radiation segment q2 (i.e., distance s3) is greater than the distance between the fifth sub-radiation segment q5 and the first sub-radiation segment q1 (i.e., distance s4).

[0257] At this time, since the distance between the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2, which are located closer to the center on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, is smaller in the first direction (z direction), the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna can still be suppressed to a certain extent, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0258] Understandably, the effects of scenarios one through four on suppressing the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna and reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna decrease sequentially, but they can all suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna and reduce the sidelobe level to a certain extent.

[0259] It is understood that the above four situations are only as possible illustrative examples and should not be used to limit the embodiments of this application. The embodiments obtained by supplementing or reasonably modifying the above illustrative situations are all within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0260] In one possible embodiment, in the above Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figures 8A to 8DIn the middle, the spacing s1 between the second sub-radiating segment q2 and the fourth sub-radiating segment q4 satisfies the following condition:

[0261] 0.35λ0≤s1≤0.6λ0;

[0262] Wherein, λ0 represents the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.

[0263] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figures 8A to 8D The spacing s1 between the second sub-radiating segment q2 and the fourth sub-radiating segment q4 satisfies the above conditions, which can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna and thus reduce the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0264] In one possible embodiment, in the above Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figures 8A to 8D In the middle, the spacing s2 between the first sub-radiating segment q1 and the third sub-radiating segment q3 satisfies the following condition:

[0265] 0.4λ g ≤s2≤0.6λ g ;

[0266] Where, λ g The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted within the first waveguide cavity is characterized.

[0267] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figures 8A to 8D The spacing s2 between the first sub-radiating segment q1 and the third sub-radiating segment q3 satisfies the above conditions, which can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna and thus reduce the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0268] In one possible embodiment, in the above Figure 5 In the first waveguide cavity, the signal is radiated from the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2 along the first direction through the first surface of the first waveguide cavity.

[0269] The width of the first surface in the second direction (x direction) is the same as the width of the radiation port, and the length of the first surface in the third direction (y direction) is the same as the length of the first waveguide cavity. The first direction (z direction), the second direction (x direction), and the third direction (y direction) are perpendicular to each other.

[0270] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5The first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2 are located on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity (i.e., the first surface of the first waveguide cavity). At this location, the signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated out through the first surface of the first waveguide cavity from the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2 along the first direction (z-direction). It can be understood that the first direction (z-direction), the second direction (x-direction), and the third direction (y-direction) are mutually perpendicular to each other, forming a three-dimensional space.

[0271] In the embodiments of this application, the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2 are distributed on the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity. The signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated from the first radiation port P1 and the second radiation port P2 along the first direction (z direction) through the narrow sidewall of the first waveguide cavity, which can improve the radiation efficiency of the signal.

[0272] In one possible embodiment, in the above Figures 5 to 7 , Figures 8A to 8D In the first waveguide cavity, the three-dimensional dimensions L1, a1, b1 satisfy the following conditions:

[0273] 0.85×(N×λ g / 2)≤L1≤1.15×(N×λ g / 2), 0 <a1≤0.5λ g 0.5λ g ≤b1≤λ g ;

[0274] Where, λ g The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted within the first waveguide cavity is represented by N, where N is the number of radiation ports.

[0275] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 5 to 7 , Figures 8A to 8D L1 is the length of the first waveguide cavity in the third direction (y direction), a1 is the width of the first waveguide cavity in the second direction (x direction), and b1 is the height of the first waveguide cavity in the first direction (z direction). The three-dimensional dimensions L1, a1, and b1 of the first waveguide cavity satisfy the above conditions, which can realize the steady-state field distribution within the first waveguide cavity and improve the signal transmission efficiency in the first waveguide cavity.

[0276] Optionally, the conditions satisfied by the dimensions a1, b1, and L1 of the first waveguide cavity will be explained below in conjunction with the steady-state field distribution principle of the first waveguide cavity:

[0277] The rectangular components of the electromagnetic field of the electromagnetic wave inside the first waveguide cavity all satisfy the Helmholtz equation:

[0278] u(x,y,z)=X(x)Y(y)Z(z)

[0279]

[0280]

[0281] From the metallic boundary conditions, we can obtain:

[0282] E x =A1cos k x x sin k y y sin k z z

[0283] E y =A2cos k y y sin k x x sin k z z

[0284] E z =A3cos k z z sin k y y sin k x x

[0285] Based on the boundary conditions of the dimensions a1, b1, and L1 of the first waveguide cavity, K×(a1, b1, L1) must be an integer multiple of π, thus:

[0286]

[0287]

[0288]

[0289] Where m,n,p=0,1,2,3,…; Substituting these values ​​into… From this, the resonant frequency can be obtained:

[0290]

[0291]

[0292] Where, ω mnn p is the local oscillator frequency of the first waveguide cavity. mnp This is the resonant frequency of the first waveguide cavity.

[0293] When the lowest resonant frequency m,n,p of the first waveguide cavity is 1,1,0, we have:

[0294]

[0295] Its corresponding wavelength is:

[0296]

[0297] In this embodiment of the application, it is assumed that the resonant frequency is 76.5 GHz, m,n,p = 1,2*N-1,0, where N is the number of radiation ports, so that the length L1 of the first waveguide cavity in the third direction (y direction) can be obtained by reverse calculation.

[0298] In one possible embodiment, in the above Figures 5 to 7 , Figures 8A to 8D In the waveguide device, the spacing d1 between the two first waveguide cavities satisfies the following condition:

[0299] 0.5λ0≤d1≤1.5λ0;

[0300] Wherein, λ0 represents the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.

[0301] Through the embodiments of this application, the spacing d1 between two (or more) first waveguide cavities in the waveguide device satisfies the above conditions, which can simplify the feeding network, realize the small-pitch array of waveguide antenna array, reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, and reduce processing costs.

[0302] In one possible embodiment, in the above Figures 5 to 7 , Figures 8A to 8D , Figures 9A to 9B In the first waveguide cavity, there is a bent structure, which is used to connect the first radiation port and the second radiation port.

[0303] The bending structure can be a straight bend or a curved bend (e.g., including but not limited to triangular waveforms, sine waveforms, cosine waveforms, etc.), and the embodiments of this application do not impose any restrictions on this.

[0304] By modifying a straight waveguide into a waveguide with a bent structure and designing a radiation port on the narrow sidewall through the embodiments of this application, the spatial distance of the radiation port can be reduced within a whole waveguide wavelength, suppressing the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna and ensuring the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency.

[0305] Furthermore, the cross-sectional dimensions x1 and y1 of the aforementioned bent structure in the first direction (z direction) satisfy the following conditions:

[0306] 0.15λ g ≤x1≤0.35λ g 0.65λ g ≤y1≤0.85λ g ;

[0307] Where x1 is the length of the bent structure in the second direction (x direction), and y1 is the length of the bent structure in the third direction (y direction).

[0308] Through the embodiments of this application, the cross-sectional dimensions x1 and y1 of the bending structure in the first direction (z direction) satisfy the above conditions, which can reduce the spatial distance of the radiation port within a whole waveguide wavelength, suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna and ensuring the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency.

[0309] Optionally, in order to achieve the above Figures 5 to 7 , Figures 8A to 8D The distance between the radiating ports in the waveguide device shown decreases in the direction of signal radiation. This application also provides several waveguide devices with radiating ports of other structural forms.

[0310] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 9A to 9B , Figures 9A to 9B This is a planar schematic diagram of the waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application. It is understood that... Figures 9A to 9B The waveguide device shown can be implemented as a standalone embodiment; or, Figures 9A to 9B The waveguide device shown can also be understood as the one described above. Figures 5 to 7 , Figures 8A to 8D The deformation or supplementation of the waveguide device in the middle, at this time Figures 9A to 9B This can be understood as referring to the above. Figure 4 The waveguide device shown is a plan view in the second direction (x direction) after being reasonably deformed.

[0311] like Figure 9A As shown, the distance between the radiating ports in the waveguide device decreases in the direction of signal radiation, which can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna and reduce the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0312] Understandably, compared with the above Figures 5 to 7 , Figures 8A to 8D The morphology and structure of the radiation port of the waveguide device are different. In the embodiment of this application, the length of the sub-radiating segment close to the first waveguide cavity in the third direction (y direction) of the radiation port is greater than the length of the sub-radiating segment far from the first waveguide cavity in the third direction (y direction).

[0313] like Figure 9B As shown, the distance between the radiating ports in the waveguide device decreases in the direction of signal radiation, which can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna and reduce the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0314] Understandably, compared with the above Figures 5 to 7 , Figures 8A to 8D ,as well as Figure 9A The shape and structure of the radiation port of the waveguide device are different. In the embodiment of this application, the surface of the radiation port of the waveguide device is smooth. It can be regarded as dividing the radiation port into multiple connected sub-radiation segments, and these sub-radiation segments are smoothly connected to form an inclined radiation port.

[0315] In one possible embodiment, as described above Figures 5 to 7 , Figures 8A to 8D , Figures 9A to 9B In the waveguide device, the sidelobe level of the radiation pattern is less than the first threshold.

[0316] In this embodiment, the first threshold is not a fixed value and can be adjusted according to different application scenarios. For example, the waveguide device in this embodiment has a significant advantage in radiation efficiency compared to traditional PCB printed antennas. In this case, the sidelobe level of the radiation pattern corresponding to the waveguide device can be adjusted to be lower than that of the sidelobe level of the radiation pattern corresponding to the traditional PCB printed antenna by adjusting the first threshold.

[0317] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 10A , Figure 10B , Figure 11A and Figure 11B , Figure 10A and Figure 11A This is a schematic diagram of the signal distribution of the waveguide device provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 10B and Figure 11B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the radiation pattern provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0318] like Figure 10A and Figure 11A As shown, it can be seen that Figure 10A For the above Figure 4 The signal distribution corresponding to the waveguide device shown is as follows. Figure 11A For the above Figure 5 The signal distribution corresponding to the waveguide device shown.

[0319] pass Figure 10A and Figure 11A The comparison shows that by setting the distance between the radiating ends of the two radiating ports to be smaller than the distance between the connection ends of the two radiating ports and the waveguide cavity, the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna can be reduced, thus ensuring the waveguide antenna's advantage in radiation transmission efficiency.

[0320] like Figure 10B and Figure 11B As shown, it can be seen that Figure 10B For the above Figure 4 The radiation pattern corresponding to the waveguide device shown. Figure 11B For the above Figure 5 The radiation pattern corresponding to the waveguide device shown.

[0321] pass Figure 10B and Figure 11BThe comparison shows that by setting the distance between the radiating ends of the two radiating ports to be smaller than the distance between the connection ends of the two radiating ports and the waveguide cavity, the normal gain of the antenna remains basically unchanged, but the sidelobe level of the V-plane pattern is improved from -10dB to -14dB. This can reduce the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna and ensure the waveguide antenna's advantage in radiation transmission efficiency.

[0322] Please see Figure 12 , Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0323] like Figure 12 As shown, the waveguide device includes:

[0324] The second waveguide cavity has M radiation ports, where M is an integer greater than 1;

[0325] The signal in the second waveguide cavity is radiated through M radiation ports;

[0326] The second waveguide cavity has a bent structure, which is used to connect M radiation ports.

[0327] The bending structure can be a straight bend or a curved bend (e.g., including but not limited to triangular waveforms, sine waveforms, cosine waveforms, etc.), and the embodiments of this application do not impose any restrictions on this.

[0328] Understandable, Figure 12 The waveguide device shown includes four radiation ports, which is only one possible illustrative example. The waveguide device may also include more or fewer radiation ports, and the embodiments of this application are not limited in this regard.

[0329] It is understood that the bent structure used to connect M radiating ports in the embodiments of this application can reduce the spatial distance between the radiating ports within a whole waveguide wavelength, suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, and thus reduce the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0330] Understandable, Figure 12 The first direction (z-direction), the second direction (x-direction), and the third direction (y-direction) are mutually perpendicular to each other, forming a three-dimensional space. At this time, the first direction (z-direction) is the direction in which the signal is radiated through the radiation port, the second direction (x-direction) is perpendicular to the wide sidewall of the second waveguide cavity, and the third direction (y-direction) is parallel to the wide sidewall of the second waveguide cavity.

[0331] Optionally, the waveguide device may further include an input waveguide for inputting a signal into the first waveguide cavity. Optionally, the input waveguide may also be other forms of feed structure for feeding a signal into the first waveguide cavity, and the embodiments of this application are not limited in this regard.

[0332] Current parallel-feed waveguide antennas (as described above) Figure 3 The three-dimensional structure shown is complex, requiring high processing precision and incurring significant processing costs. However, this embodiment modifies the straight waveguide into a waveguide with a bent structure and designs a radiation port on the narrow sidewall. This reduces the spatial distance of the radiation port within a full waveguide wavelength, suppressing the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna and thus lowering the sidelobe level. This ensures the waveguide antenna's advantage in radiation transmission efficiency, thereby achieving a low-sidelobe-level series-fed waveguide antenna.

[0333] Compared with current parallel-fed waveguide antennas, the waveguide device in this embodiment adopts a series-fed waveguide with a simpler feeding method, which can reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of the waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, reduce processing costs, and ensure the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency by reducing the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna.

[0334] Optionally, combining the principles of antenna array element spacing and sidelobe level, the effect of achieving low sidelobe levels in series-fed waveguide antennas by reducing the spatial distance of the radiating aperture can be explained. See the above. Figure 5 The principles of antenna array element spacing and sidelobe level in a mid-waveguide device will not be elaborated here.

[0335] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 13 , Figure 13 This is a planar schematic diagram of a waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application. It can be understood that... Figure 13 The waveguide device shown can be implemented as a standalone embodiment; or, Figure 13 The waveguide device shown can also be understood as the one described above. Figure 12 The deformation or supplementation of the waveguide device in the middle, at this time Figure 13 This can be understood as the above. Figure 12 The waveguide device shown is a top view in the first direction (z direction).

[0336] like Figure 13 As shown, the waveguide device includes:

[0337] The second waveguide cavity has M radiation ports, where M is an integer greater than 1;

[0338] The signal in the second waveguide cavity is radiated through M radiation ports;

[0339] The second waveguide cavity has a bent structure, which is used to connect M radiation ports.

[0340] The bending structure can be a straight bend or a curved bend (e.g., including but not limited to triangular waveforms, sine waveforms, cosine waveforms, etc.), and the embodiments of this application do not impose any restrictions on this.

[0341] Understandable, Figure 13 The waveguide device shown includes four radiation ports, which is only one possible illustrative example. The waveguide device may also include more or fewer radiation ports, and the embodiments of this application are not limited in this regard.

[0342] It is understood that the bent structure used to connect M radiating ports in the embodiments of this application can reduce the spatial distance between the radiating ports within a whole waveguide wavelength, suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, and thus reduce the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0343] In one possible embodiment, in the above Figure 12 and Figure 13 In the second waveguide cavity, the signal is radiated from the M radiation ports along the first direction through the first surface of the second waveguide cavity.

[0344] The width of the first surface in the second direction (x direction) is the same as the width of the radiation port, the length of the first surface in the third direction (y direction) is the same as the length of the second waveguide cavity, and the first direction (z direction), the second direction (x direction) and the third direction (y direction) are perpendicular to each other.

[0345] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 12 and Figure 13 M radiation ports are located on the narrow sidewall of the second waveguide cavity (i.e., the first surface of the second waveguide cavity). Signals within the second waveguide cavity are radiated out through these M ports along the first direction (z-direction) via the first surface of the second waveguide cavity. It can be understood that the first direction (z-direction), the second direction (x-direction), and the third direction (y-direction) are mutually perpendicular, forming a three-dimensional space.

[0346] In this embodiment of the application, M radiation ports are distributed on the narrow sidewall of the second waveguide cavity. The signal in the second waveguide cavity is radiated from the M radiation ports along the first direction through the narrow sidewall of the second waveguide cavity, which can improve the radiation efficiency of the signal.

[0347] In one possible embodiment, as described above Figure 12 and Figure 13 In the bending structure, the cross-sectional dimensions x2 and y2 in the first direction (z direction) satisfy the following conditions:

[0348] 0.15λ g ≤x2≤0.35λ g 0.65λ g ≤y2≤0.85λ g;

[0349] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 13 x2 is the length of the bent structure in the second direction (x direction), and y2 is the length of the bent structure in the third direction (y direction).

[0350] Through the embodiments of this application, the cross-sectional dimensions x2 and y2 of the bent structure in the first direction (z direction) satisfy the above conditions, which can reduce the spatial distance of the radiation port within a whole waveguide wavelength, suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna and ensuring the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency.

[0351] In one possible embodiment, as described above Figure 12 and Figure 13 In the second waveguide cavity, the three-dimensional dimensions L2, a2, b2 satisfy the following conditions:

[0352] 0.85×(M×λ g / 2)≤L2≤1.15×(M×λ g / 2,0 <a2≤0.5λ g 0.5λ g ≤b2≤λ g ;

[0353] Where, λ g Characterizes the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating within the second waveguide cavity;

[0354] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 12 and Figure 13 L2 is the length of the second waveguide cavity in the third direction (y direction), a2 is the width of the second waveguide cavity in the second direction (x direction), and b2 is the height of the second waveguide cavity in the first direction (z direction). The three-dimensional dimensions L2, a2, and b2 of the second waveguide cavity satisfy the above conditions, which can realize the steady-state field distribution within the second waveguide cavity and improve the signal transmission efficiency in the second waveguide cavity.

[0355] Optionally, the conditions satisfied by the dimensions a2, b2, and L2 of the second waveguide cavity can be explained in conjunction with the steady-state field distribution principle of the second waveguide cavity. For details, please refer to the introduction of the steady-state field distribution principle of the first waveguide cavity above, which will not be repeated here.

[0356] In one possible embodiment, as described above Figure 12 and Figure 13 In the M radiation ports, the distance s3 between two adjacent radiation ports satisfies the following condition:

[0357] 0.35λ0≤s3≤0.6λ0;

[0358] Wherein, λ0 represents the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.

[0359] In the embodiments of this application, the spacing s3 between two adjacent radiation ports in the M radiation ports satisfies the above conditions, which can suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna.

[0360] Optionally, in order to achieve the above Figure 12 and Figure 13 The waveguide device shown reduces the spatial distance of the radiation port within a whole waveguide wavelength. This application also provides several waveguide devices that include waveguide cavities with other structural forms.

[0361] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 14A to 14D (Right now Figure 14A , Figure 14B , Figure 14C , Figure 14D ), Figures 14A to 14D This is a planar schematic diagram of the waveguide device provided in an embodiment of this application. It is understood that... Figures 14A to 14D The waveguide device shown can be implemented as a standalone embodiment; or, Figures 14A to 14D The waveguide device shown can also be understood as the one described above. Figure 12 and Figure 13 The deformation or supplementation of the waveguide device in the middle, at this time Figures 14A to 14D This can be understood as referring to the above. Figure 12 The waveguide device shown is a top view in the first direction (z direction) after being reasonably deformed.

[0362] like Figures 14A to 14D As shown, the bent structure used to connect multiple radiating ports can reduce the spatial distance between the radiating ports within a whole waveguide wavelength, suppress the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna and ensuring the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency.

[0363] Understandably, compared with the above Figure 12 and Figure 13 The waveguide cavity of the waveguide device varies in shape and structure. In the embodiments of this application, the waveguide cavity of the waveguide device reduces the spatial distance of the radiation port within a whole waveguide wavelength by including multiple bending structures. The bending structure can be a straight bend or a curved bend (e.g., including but not limited to triangular waveforms, sine waveforms, cosine waveforms, etc.). The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0364] In one possible embodiment, as described above Figures 12 to 13 , Figures 14A to 14D In the waveguide device, the sidelobe level of the radiation pattern is less than the second threshold.

[0365] In this embodiment, the second threshold is not a fixed value and can be adjusted according to different application scenarios. For example, the waveguide device in this embodiment has a significant advantage in radiation efficiency compared to traditional PCB printed antennas. In this case, the sidelobe level of the radiation pattern corresponding to the waveguide device can be adjusted to be lower than that of the sidelobe level of the radiation pattern corresponding to the traditional PCB printed antenna.

[0366] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 15A and Figure 15B , Figure 15A This is a schematic diagram of the signal distribution of the waveguide device provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 15B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the radiation pattern provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0367] like Figure 15A As shown, it can be seen that Figure 15A For the above Figure 12 The signal distribution corresponding to the waveguide device shown.

[0368] pass Figure 15A and the above Figure 10A The comparison shows that by transforming a straight waveguide into a waveguide with a bent structure and designing a radiation port on the narrow sidewall, the spatial distance of the radiation port can be reduced within a whole waveguide wavelength, suppressing the grating lobes of the waveguide antenna, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna and ensuring the waveguide antenna's advantage in radiation transmission efficiency.

[0369] like Figure 15B As shown, it can be seen that Figure 15B For the above Figure 12 The radiation pattern corresponding to the waveguide device shown.

[0370] pass Figure 15B and the above Figure 10B The comparison shows that by transforming a straight waveguide into a waveguide with a bent structure and designing a radiation port on the narrow sidewall, the spatial distance of the radiation port can be reduced within a whole waveguide wavelength. The normal gain of the antenna remains basically unchanged, and the sidelobe level of the V-plane pattern is improved from -10dB to -19dB, an improvement of 9dB. This can reduce the sidelobe level of the waveguide antenna and ensure the waveguide antenna's advantage in radiation transmission efficiency.

[0371] In one possible embodiment, as described above Figures 12 to 13 , Figures 14A to 14D In the waveguide device, the spacing d2 between the two second waveguide cavities satisfies the following condition:

[0372] 0.5λ0≤d2≤1.5λ0;

[0373] Wherein, λ0 represents the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.

[0374] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 16 , Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a waveguide antenna feed network provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0375] like Figure 16 As shown, the waveguide device includes four second waveguide cavities, and the spacing between two adjacent second waveguide cavities satisfies the condition d2 above, which can simplify the feeding network and realize the small-pitch array of waveguide antenna array.

[0376] For example, when d2 = 0.5λ0, the return loss and transmission isolation of the waveguide antenna feed network can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 17A and Figure 17B . Figure 17A This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of return loss in an embodiment of this application. Figure 17B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of transmission isolation provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0377] Depend on Figure 17A It can be seen that the return loss SLL of the waveguide antenna feed network is ≤15dB;

[0378] Depend on Figure 17B It can be seen that the transmission isolation lso of the waveguide antenna feed network is ≤16dB.

[0379] Therefore, the extremely simple direct-feed method makes it possible to arrange antenna elements with a wavelength of 0.5λ0, and can obtain the required impedance bandwidth and transmission isolation under the antenna array.

[0380] Through the embodiments of this application, the spacing d2 between two (or more) second waveguide cavities in the waveguide device satisfies the above conditions, which can simplify the feeding network, realize the small-pitch array of waveguide antenna array, reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, and reduce processing costs.

[0381] Furthermore, in one possible embodiment, a method for fabricating a waveguide device is also provided, the specific process of which is as follows:

[0382] Method 1: A first waveguide cavity, a first radiating port, and a second radiating port can be obtained through layered plastic molding. Electroplating is then applied to the surfaces of each mold, and finally, layer brazing is performed to obtain a waveguide device comprising the first waveguide cavity, the first radiating port, and the second radiating port. Alternatively, a second waveguide cavity and M radiating ports can be obtained through layered plastic molding. Electroplating is then applied to the surfaces of each mold, and finally, layer brazing is performed to obtain a waveguide device comprising the second waveguide cavity and M radiating ports.

[0383] The process of plastic layered mold opening is as follows: the plastic is first heated and melted in the bottom of the injection molding machine, and then, driven by the screw of the injection molding machine, it enters the mold cavity through the injection nozzle and the gating system of the mold. The plastic cools and hardens to form the product, and is then demolded.

[0384] Plastic electroplating involves coating a plastic surface with a metal layer to impart metallic properties. The specific process includes: surface cleaning, solvent treatment, conditioning treatment, and sensitive treatment.

[0385] Brazing is a welding method in which both the filler metal and the workpiece are heated to their melting temperatures simultaneously, and the liquid filler metal fills the gaps between the solid workpieces to join the metals. Before brazing, the oxide film and oil on the contact surfaces of the base materials must be removed to allow the capillary action to function properly after the filler metal melts, increasing its wettability and capillary flowability.

[0386] Method 2: Alternatively, the first waveguide cavity, the first radiating port, and the second radiating port can be machined in layers, and then welded together to form the waveguide device. Alternatively, the second waveguide cavity and M radiating ports can be machined in layers, and then welded together to form the waveguide device.

[0387] The waveguide device obtained by the above preparation method adopts a series-fed waveguide with a simpler feeding form, which can reduce the complexity of the three-dimensional structure of the waveguide antenna, reduce the requirements for processing accuracy, reduce processing costs, and ensure the advantages of the waveguide antenna in terms of radiation transmission efficiency by reducing the sidelobe level of the series-fed waveguide antenna.

[0388] For example, by using the above-described waveguide device fabrication method, the device described above can be obtained. Figures 5 to 7 , Figure 8A and Figure 8D , Figures 9A to 9B , Figures 12 to 13 , Figures 14A to 14D ,as well as Figure 16 The waveguide device shown in any one of the above descriptions, and the structural and functional characteristics of the waveguide device can be found in the above descriptions. Figures 5 to 7 , Figure 8A and Figure 8D , Figures 9A to 9B , Figures 12 to 13 , Figures 14A to 14D ,as well as Figure 16 The description will not be repeated here.

[0389] This application provides a radar or radar system, which includes the waveguide device provided in this application. It should be noted that there may be intelligent sensors integrating multiple sensors; when such intelligent sensors include millimeter-wave detection capabilities, they can also be referred to as millimeter-wave radar or millimeter-wave radar systems.

[0390] This application provides a terminal device that includes the waveguide device provided in this application. For example, the terminal device can be a transportation vehicle, such as a car, truck, aircraft, drone, slow-moving transport vehicle, spacecraft, or ship, or any other possible vehicle used in any scenario. It can also be any device capable of carrying a millimeter-wave detection device, such as surveying equipment. One or more waveguide devices provided in this application are deployed on the terminal device.

[0391] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A waveguide device, characterized in that, include: First waveguide cavity, first radiation port and second radiation port; The signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated through the first radiation port and the second radiation port; The center-to-center distance between the radiating ends of the first and second radiating ports is less than the center-to-center distance between the connection ends of the first and second radiating ports and the first waveguide cavity. The center-to-center distance between the first and second radiation ports decreases in the direction in which the signal is radiated through the ports.

2. The waveguide device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first radiation port includes a first sub-radiation segment and a second sub-radiation segment connected together; the second radiation port includes a third sub-radiation segment and a fourth sub-radiation segment connected together. The first sub-radiating segment and the third sub-radiating segment are radiating segments close to the first waveguide cavity, and the second sub-radiating segment and the fourth sub-radiating segment are radiating segments far away from the first waveguide cavity; The distance between the second sub-radiation segment and the fourth sub-radiation segment is less than the distance between the first sub-radiation segment and the third sub-radiation segment.

3. The waveguide device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The waveguide device further includes: Third radiation port; The first radiation port is located between the second radiation port and the third radiation port; The signal in the first waveguide cavity is also radiated through the third radiation port; The distance between the radiating ends of the third radiating port and the first radiating port is less than or equal to the distance between the connection ends of the third radiating port and the first radiating port to the first waveguide cavity; or, The distance between the radiating ends of the third radiating port and the first radiating port is greater than the distance between the connection ends of the third radiating port and the first radiating port and the first waveguide cavity.

4. The waveguide device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The third radiation port includes a connected fifth sub-radiation segment and a sixth sub-radiation segment; The fifth sub-radiating segment is a radiating segment close to the first waveguide cavity, and the sixth sub-radiating segment is a radiating segment far away from the first waveguide cavity; The distance between the sixth sub-radiation segment and the second sub-radiation segment of the first radiation port is less than or equal to the distance between the fifth sub-radiation segment and the first sub-radiation segment of the first radiation port; or, The distance between the sixth sub-radiation segment and the second sub-radiation segment is greater than the distance between the fifth sub-radiation segment and the first sub-radiation segment.

5. The waveguide device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance between the second sub-radiation segment and the fourth sub-radiation segment of the second radiation port is less than the distance between the second sub-radiation segment and the sixth sub-radiation segment.

6. The waveguide device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distance s1 between the second sub-radiating segment and the fourth sub-radiating segment satisfies the following condition: ； Among them, the It represents the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.

7. The waveguide device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distance s2 between the first sub-radiating segment and the third sub-radiating segment satisfies the following condition: ； Among them, the The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted within the first waveguide cavity is characterized.

8. The waveguide device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated through the first radiation port and the second radiation port, including: The signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated along a first direction from the first radiation port and the second radiation port through the first surface of the first waveguide cavity; The width of the first surface in the second direction is the same as the width of the radiation port, and the length of the first surface in the third direction is the same as the length of the first waveguide cavity. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

9. The waveguide device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The three-dimensional dimensions L1, a1, and b1 of the first waveguide cavity satisfy the following conditions: ， ， ； Among them, the The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted within the first waveguide cavity is characterized by N, where N is the number of radiation ports. L1 is the length of the first waveguide cavity in the third direction, a1 is the width of the first waveguide cavity in the second direction, and b1 is the height of the first waveguide cavity in the first direction.

10. The waveguide device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The spacing d1 between the two first waveguide cavities in the waveguide device satisfies the following condition: ； Among them, the It represents the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.

11. The waveguide device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first waveguide cavity has a bent structure, which is used to connect the first radiation port and the second radiation port.

12. The waveguide device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The cross-sectional dimensions x1 and y1 of the bent structure in the first direction satisfy the following conditions: ， ； Wherein, x1 is the length of the bent structure in the second direction, y1 is the length of the bent structure in the third direction, and the... The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted within the first waveguide cavity is characterized; wherein, the first direction is the direction in which the signal in the first waveguide cavity is radiated from the first radiation port and the second radiation port, the second direction is the width direction of the first waveguide cavity, and the third direction is the length direction of the first waveguide cavity, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

13. The waveguide device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The sidelobe level of the waveguide device is less than the first threshold.

14. A radar, characterized in that, The radar includes the waveguide device according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. A terminal device, characterized in that, The terminal device includes the waveguide device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, or the radar according to claim 14.

16. A vehicle end, characterized in that, The vehicle end includes the waveguide device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, or the radar according to claim 14, or the terminal device according to claim 15.

Images