Self-adaptive water-saving irrigation method

Abstract

The invention provides a self-adaptive water-saving irrigation method, which is applied to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, and comprises the following steps of: obtaining a plurality of preset rainfall threshold values and future rainfall forecast values, comparing the future rainfall forecast values with the rainfall threshold values to obtain a comparison result, dynamically switching irrigation modes according to the comparison result, and when the rainfall is predicted, carrying out water-saving irrigation according to the irrigation modes. Irrigation is actively reduced or stopped, and excessive irrigation is avoided; when the rainfall is insufficient, conventional irrigation is carried out through the soil humidity sensor, and the water requirement of crops is met. According to the method, the adaptability of the drip irrigation system to weather changes is improved, and more effective water-saving irrigation is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, and particularly to an adaptive water-saving irrigation method. Background Art

[0002] In modern precision crop cultivation, drip irrigation technology has become a widely used irrigation method due to its characteristics of precise water supply and high water conservation. Currently, the mainstream control mode of drip irrigation systems generally relies on automatic control implemented by soil moisture sensors. Such systems monitor soil moisture data in real time. Once the detected soil moisture is lower than a preset lower threshold, the irrigation program is immediately started to meet the basic water requirements of crops. This irrigation mode based on soil moisture feedback can effectively maintain the water balance required for crop growth under normal weather conditions.

[0003] However, the environmental conditions for precision crop cultivation are complex and variable, and are particularly susceptible to significant influences from various weather factors. Under special meteorological conditions such as continuous rainy weather or sudden heavy rain weather, the drawbacks of relying solely on soil moisture sensors for irrigation control begin to become increasingly apparent. For example, when the weather forecast clearly indicates that rainfall is about to occur, if the drip irrigation system still makes irrigation decisions solely based on the signals of soil moisture sensors, it is extremely likely to result in oversaturated soil moisture content after rainfall. This not only causes waste of precious water resources, but more seriously, it may lead to a series of problems such as damage to crop roots due to oxygen deficiency and spread of diseases, posing a potential threat to the healthy growth of crops.

[0004] In addition, weather forecasting, as an extremely important agricultural meteorological information, has an important forward-looking value for scientifically guiding agricultural production practices. In the field of precision cultivation, making full and effective use of weather forecasting information can help growers anticipate weather change trends in advance, thereby formulating more scientific and reasonable irrigation strategies. However, the existing drip irrigation systems equipped for precision crop cultivation still do not make sufficient use of weather forecasting data and fail to effectively integrate weather forecasting information into the automatic irrigation decision-making process. This results in a large room for improvement in the adaptability and intelligence level of existing systems in dealing with complex and variable weather conditions.

[0005] In view of the above problems of the prior art, there is an urgent need for improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the above prior art, this application provides an adaptive water-saving irrigation method, which is applied to the technical field of agricultural irrigation and has the advantages of saving irrigation water and reducing the risk of root damage and diseases of crops caused by oversaturated soil moisture.

[0007] First aspect, an adaptive water-saving irrigation method is applied in a drip irrigation system. The method includes the following steps:

[0008] S1: Obtain multiple preset rainfall thresholds and the future rainfall forecast value;

[0009] S2: Compare the future rainfall forecast value with the rainfall thresholds step by step to obtain a comparison result;

[0010] S3: Dynamically switch the irrigation mode according to the comparison result. The irrigation mode includes:

[0011] When the comparison result is that the future rainfall forecast value is greater than or equal to the preset rainfall threshold, shorten the preset irrigation duration or suspend irrigation to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations;

[0012] When the comparison result is that the future rainfall forecast value is less than all preset rainfall thresholds, adjust the drip irrigation duration and frequency according to the soil humidity value real-time monitored by the soil humidity sensor to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations.

[0013] In an adaptive water-saving irrigation method of the present application, by introducing the future rainfall forecast value and combining it with the monitored soil humidity value, the adaptive switching of the irrigation mode is realized. When the future rainfall forecast value is greater than or equal to the preset rainfall threshold, irrigation is actively reduced or stopped to avoid over-irrigation; when the future rainfall forecast value is less than the preset rainfall threshold, conventional irrigation is carried out relying on the soil humidity sensor to ensure the water demand of crops. This method improves the adaptability of the drip irrigation system to weather changes and realizes more effective water-saving irrigation. Therefore, the present application has the advantages of saving irrigation water and reducing the risk of root damage and diseases of crops caused by over-saturated soil moisture.

[0014] Further, step S3 includes:

[0015] S31: Obtain crop type information, crop growth stage information, and soil type information;

[0016] S32: Query the irrigation parameter adjustment table to obtain a first irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the crop type information, a second irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the crop growth stage information, and a third irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the soil type information;

[0017] S33: Calculate a comprehensive irrigation coefficient according to the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the third irrigation adjustment coefficient;

[0018] S34: Switch the irrigation mode according to the comparison result. The irrigation mode includes:

[0019] When the comparison result shows that the future rainfall forecast value is greater than or equal to the preset rainfall threshold, shorten the preset irrigation duration or suspend irrigation according to the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations;

[0020] When the comparison result shows that the future rainfall forecast value is less than all preset rainfall thresholds, adjust the drip irrigation duration and frequency according to the soil humidity value real-time monitored by the soil humidity sensor and the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations.

[0021] An adaptive water-saving irrigation method in this application, by introducing the comprehensive irrigation coefficient, incorporates crop type information, crop growth stage information, and soil type information into the consideration scope of the adaptive water-saving irrigation method, enabling the switching and adjustment of the irrigation mode not to solely rely on the future rainfall forecast value, but to be able to more comprehensively and precisely adapt to different planting conditions, thereby more effectively saving water and meeting the crop growth requirements.

[0022] Further, step S32 includes:

[0023] S321: Perform data format standardization processing on the crop type information, the crop growth stage information, and the soil type information respectively to obtain standardized crop type information, standardized crop growth stage information, and standardized soil type information;

[0024] S322: Query the irrigation parameter adjustment table, and use the fuzzy matching algorithm to determine the corresponding first irrigation adjustment coefficient of the crop according to the standardized crop type information;

[0025] S323: According to the standardized crop growth stage information, use the piecewise function mapping algorithm to determine the growth stage interval to which the crop belongs, and use the irrigation coefficient corresponding to the growth stage interval as the second irrigation adjustment coefficient;

[0026] S324: According to the standardized soil type information, use the hash search algorithm to query the corresponding third irrigation adjustment coefficient. If not found, calculate the third irrigation adjustment coefficient using the linear interpolation algorithm according to the soil component ratio in the soil type information.

[0027] An adaptive water-saving irrigation method in this application, by using different query algorithms for different information, realizes the refined and intelligent acquisition of the irrigation adjustment coefficient, improves the accuracy and efficiency of obtaining the irrigation adjustment coefficient, and provides more reliable parameter support for subsequent adaptive water-saving irrigation.

[0028] Further, step S33 includes:

[0029] S331: Determine the first water demand of the crops according to the crop type information; determine the second water demand of the crops according to the crop growth stage information; determine the first water retention capacity of the soil according to the soil type information;

[0030] S332: Determine the first weight of the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the second weight of the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the third weight of the third irrigation coefficient according to the first water demand, the second water demand, and the first water retention capacity;

[0031] S334: Calculate the comprehensive irrigation coefficient according to the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the first weight, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, the second weight, the third irrigation coefficient, and the third weight.

[0032] An adaptive water-saving irrigation method in this application. By providing a specific method for calculating the comprehensive irrigation coefficient, the calculated comprehensive irrigation coefficient can more accurately reflect the actual irrigation demand, thereby providing a more reliable basis for subsequent irrigation mode switching and irrigation parameter adjustment.

[0033] Further, in step S334, the formula for calculating the comprehensive irrigation coefficient is:

[0034] Comprehensive irrigation coefficient = (First weight * First irrigation adjustment coefficient + Second weight * Second irrigation adjustment coefficient + Third weight * Third irrigation adjustment coefficient) / (First weight + Second weight + Third weight).

[0035] Further, step S332 includes:

[0036] S3321: Perform normalization processing on the first water demand, the second water demand, and the first water retention capacity;

[0037] S3322: Calculate the comprehensive water demand weight of the crops using a non-linear decreasing function according to the first water demand and the second water demand after normalization processing; calculate the water retention weight of the soil using an inverse proportion function according to the first water retention capacity after normalization processing;

[0038] S3323: Decompose the comprehensive water demand weight into the first weight of the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second weight of the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the ratio of the first weight and the second weight is the same as the ratio of the first water demand and the second water demand after normalization processing, and use the water retention weight as the third weight of the third irrigation coefficient.

[0039] Further, in step S34, the steps of shortening the preset irrigation duration or suspending irrigation according to the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations include:

[0040] S341: Calculate the shortened preset irrigation duration according to the comprehensive irrigation coefficient, and the shortened preset irrigation duration = preset irrigation duration * (1 - comprehensive irrigation coefficient);

[0041] S342: When the preset irrigation duration * (1 - comprehensive irrigation coefficient) is greater than 0, control the drip irrigation system to perform irrigation operations according to the shortened preset irrigation duration;

[0042] S343: When the preset irrigation duration * (1 - comprehensive irrigation coefficient) is less than or equal to 0, control the drip irrigation system to stop irrigation.

[0043] Further, in step S34, the steps of adjusting the drip irrigation duration and frequency according to the soil humidity value real-time monitored by the soil humidity sensor and the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations include:

[0044] S344: Obtain the target soil humidity value and calculate the soil humidity difference between the target soil humidity value and the soil humidity value detected in real time;

[0045] S345: Obtain the preset irrigation duration, and calculate the adjusted duration according to the preset irrigation duration, the soil humidity difference, the soil target humidity data and the comprehensive irrigation coefficient. The calculation formula is:

[0046] Adjusted duration = preset irrigation duration * [1 + comprehensive irrigation coefficient * (soil humidity difference / target soil humidity value)];

[0047] S346: Obtain the preset irrigation frequency, and calculate the adjusted frequency according to the preset irrigation frequency, the soil humidity difference, the soil target humidity data and the comprehensive irrigation coefficient. The calculation formula is:

[0048] Adjusted frequency = preset irrigation frequency * [1 + comprehensive irrigation coefficient * (soil humidity difference / target soil humidity value)].

[0049] Further, in step S1, the steps of obtaining multiple preset rainfall thresholds include:

[0050] S11: Obtain the crop type information and determine the water demand thresholds of the crops at different growth stages according to the crop type information;

[0051] S12: Determine the historical rainfall data according to the monthly rainfall, weekly rainfall and daily rainfall in a preset past period of time;

[0052] S13: Obtain the historical rainfall data corresponding to the current growth stage of the crops, and determine a plurality of the preset rainfall thresholds according to the historical rainfall data and the moisture demand threshold.

[0053] Further, in step S1, obtaining the future rainfall forecast value includes the steps of:

[0054] S14: Obtain the predicted meteorological data released by a plurality of different meteorological forecast platforms;

[0055] S15: Use the weighted average algorithm to fuse the plurality of predicted meteorological data to obtain the fused future rainfall forecast value.

[0056] Beneficial effects: An adaptive water-saving irrigation method proposed in this application realizes the adaptive switching of the irrigation mode by introducing the future rainfall forecast value and combining it with the monitored soil humidity value. When the future rainfall forecast value is greater than or equal to the preset rainfall threshold, irrigation is actively reduced or stopped to avoid over-irrigation; when the future rainfall forecast value is less than the preset rainfall threshold, conventional irrigation is carried out relying on the soil humidity sensor to ensure the moisture demand of the crops. This method improves the adaptability of the drip irrigation system to weather changes and realizes more effective water-saving irrigation. Therefore, this application has the advantages of saving irrigation water and reducing the risk of root damage and diseases of crops caused by oversaturation of soil moisture. Description of the Drawings

[0057] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of an adaptive water-saving irrigation method proposed in this application. Detailed Embodiments

[0058] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and marked in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application to be protected, but only represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0059] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following figures. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. At the same time, in the description of the present application, terms such as "first", "second", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0060] Currently, the mainstream control mode of drip irrigation systems generally relies on automatic control implemented by soil moisture sensors. Such systems monitor soil moisture data in real time. Once the detected soil moisture is lower than a preset lower threshold, the irrigation program is immediately started to meet the basic water requirements of crops. However, this method of adjusting the irrigation system only based on real-time monitored soil moisture data cannot adopt a more water-saving method to meet the refined planting requirements of crops in complex weather environments. Therefore, to solve this problem, the present application proposes an adaptive water-saving irrigation method.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 1 , in a first aspect, an adaptive water-saving irrigation method is applied in a drip irrigation system. The method includes the steps:

[0062] S1: Obtain a plurality of preset rainfall thresholds and a future rainfall forecast value;

[0063] S2: Compare the future rainfall forecast value with the rainfall thresholds step by step to obtain a comparison result;

[0064] S3: Dynamically switch the irrigation mode according to the comparison result. The irrigation modes include:

[0065] When the comparison result is that the future rainfall forecast value is greater than or equal to the preset rainfall threshold, shorten the preset irrigation duration or suspend irrigation to control the drip irrigation system to perform the corresponding irrigation operation;

[0066] When the comparison result is that the future rainfall forecast value is less than all the preset rainfall thresholds, adjust the drip irrigation duration and frequency according to the soil moisture value real-time monitored by the soil moisture sensor to control the drip irrigation system to perform the corresponding irrigation operation.

[0067] Among them, in step S1, the plurality of preset rainfall thresholds can be set as values representing the acceptable rainfall degree of crops at the current growth stage. For example, a light rain threshold, a moderate rain threshold, and a heavy rain threshold can be set. The light rain threshold is a value of A for the acceptable rainfall degree within a preset future time period; the moderate rain threshold is a value of B for the acceptable rainfall degree within a preset future time period; the heavy rain threshold is a value of C for the acceptable rainfall degree within a preset future time period, where A < B < C.

[0068] The future rainfall forecast value can be obtained from a meteorological service agency or a weather forecast API.

[0069] In step S2, the step-by-step comparison can be carried out in the order from low to high according to the preset rainfall thresholds. The future rainfall forecast value is first compared with the light rain threshold. If it is less than the light rain threshold, the drip irrigation duration and frequency are adjusted according to the soil humidity value monitored by the soil humidity sensor in real time, and the drip irrigation system is controlled to execute the corresponding irrigation operation mode; otherwise, it continues to be compared with higher rainfall thresholds. If the future rainfall forecast value is greater than or equal to the light rain threshold and less than the moderate rain threshold, the preset irrigation duration is shortened. If the future rainfall forecast value is greater than or equal to the moderate rain threshold and less than the heavy rain threshold, the preset irrigation duration is further shortened. If the future rainfall is greater than or equal to the heavy rain threshold, irrigation is stopped.

[0070] In step S3, dynamically switching the irrigation mode means that the system automatically selects a suitable irrigation strategy according to the comparison result of step S2. When the future rainfall forecast value is greater than or equal to the preset rainfall threshold, the system can adopt various methods to shorten the preset irrigation duration. For example, directly reducing the irrigation time or reducing the water supply flow rate of the drip irrigation system. Suspending irrigation can directly turn off the drip irrigation system and stop the water supply.

[0071] When the future rainfall forecast value is less than all the preset rainfall thresholds, the system adjusts the drip irrigation duration and frequency according to the soil humidity value provided by the soil humidity sensor in real time and the preset target soil humidity value. For example, when the soil humidity value is lower than the preset target soil humidity value, the irrigation duration or frequency is increased. When the soil humidity is higher than the preset target soil humidity value, irrigation is stopped.

[0072] Specifically, the adaptive water-saving irrigation method proposed in this application aims to solve the problem that existing drip irrigation systems may still over-irrigate in the case of predicted rainfall. The core of this method lies in introducing future rainfall forecast information and combining it with soil moisture monitoring to achieve intelligent and adaptive switching of irrigation modes. At the initial stage of system operation, first, in step S1, a preset rainfall threshold and a future rainfall forecast value are obtained, which serve as the basis for subsequent irrigation decisions. Subsequently, in step S2, the future rainfall forecast value is compared with the preset rainfall threshold to determine the magnitude of the future rainfall. Based on the comparison result obtained in step S2, in step S3, a dynamic switch of the irrigation mode is executed. When it is predicted that the future rainfall reaches or exceeds the preset rainfall threshold, the system determines that effective rainfall may occur in the future. At this time, the irrigation strategy is actively adjusted to shorten the irrigation duration or directly suspend irrigation to avoid excessive wetting caused by the superposition of rainfall and irrigation, thereby effectively saving water resources and preventing problems such as crop root hypoxia caused by excessive soil moisture. On the contrary, when it is predicted that the future rainfall is less than all preset rainfall thresholds, the system determines that the future rainfall has little impact on soil moisture. At this time, the system switches back to the traditional irrigation mode based on soil moisture feedback, and finely adjusts the irrigation duration and frequency according to the soil moisture value real-time monitored by the soil moisture sensor to ensure that crops can obtain sufficient water supply even in non-rainy weather. Through the dynamic switching of the above modes, the drip irrigation system can intelligently adjust the irrigation strategy according to weather changes, while ensuring the water demand of crops, maximizing the saving of irrigation water.

[0073] Further, step S3 includes:

[0074] S31: Obtain crop type information, crop growth stage information, and soil type information;

[0075] S32: Query the irrigation parameter adjustment table to obtain a first irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the crop type information, a second irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the crop growth stage information, and a third irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the soil type information;

[0076] S33: Calculate a comprehensive irrigation coefficient based on the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the third irrigation adjustment coefficient;

[0077] S34: Switch the irrigation mode according to the comparison result. The irrigation modes include:

[0078] When the comparison result is that the future rainfall forecast value is greater than or equal to the preset rainfall threshold, shorten the preset irrigation duration or suspend irrigation according to the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations;

[0079] When the comparison result shows that the predicted future rainfall value is less than all preset rainfall thresholds, the drip irrigation duration and frequency are adjusted based on the soil moisture value real-time monitored by the soil moisture sensor and the comprehensive irrigation coefficient, so as to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations.

[0080] Among them, in step S31, the grower inputs or selects crop type information, crop growth stage information, and soil type information through the man-machine interface.

[0081] In step S32, an irrigation parameter adjustment table is pre-established in the local database or cloud server. This table contains the mapping relationship between crop type information, crop growth stage information, soil type information, and irrigation adjustment coefficients. The query operation is implemented through an information matching algorithm. For example, an exact matching or fuzzy matching algorithm is used to find the corresponding adjustment coefficient.

[0082] In practical applications, through field experiments, the first actual water requirement of different crops at each growth stage is measured, and the ratio of this actual water requirement to the theoretical water requirement of the crop at each growth stage is calculated to obtain the first irrigation adjustment coefficient.

[0083] By calculating the ratio of the second actual water requirement of different crops at each growth stage to the actual water requirement of the entire cycle, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient is obtained.

[0084] By measuring the actual water retention capacity of different soil types and calculating the ratio of this actual water retention capacity to the theoretical first water retention capacity, the third irrigation coefficient is obtained.

[0085] The specific irrigation parameter adjustment table is shown in Table 1 below:

[0086] Table 1 Irrigation Parameter Adjustment Table

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] In this irrigation parameter adjustment table, only one kind of crop is illustrated as an example, and it is not limited to corn in reality.

[0090] In step S33, the comprehensive irrigation coefficient is calculated through a weighted average algorithm, and the weight distribution can be determined according to the influence degree of different factors on irrigation. For example, for different types of crops, the water requirement of root and tuber crops is higher than that of non-root and tuber crops. Therefore, when the crop type information is root and tuber crops, such as potatoes, the first weight of the first irrigation adjustment coefficient is higher than the third weight of the third irrigation adjustment coefficient and lower than the second weight of the second irrigation adjustment coefficient. On the contrary, when the crop type information is non-root and tuber crops, such as corn, the first weight is lower than the third weight, and the third weight is lower than the second weight.

[0091] In step S34, the comparison result is obtained according to step S2, and the switching of the irrigation mode is realized through program logic judgment. When the predicted value of future rainfall is greater than or equal to the rainfall threshold, the control system calculates the shortened irrigation duration according to the comprehensive irrigation coefficient, or directly sends an instruction to suspend irrigation. When the predicted value of future rainfall is less than all rainfall thresholds, the control system reads the data of the soil humidity sensor, and combines with the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to calculate the adjusted irrigation duration and frequency, and controls the drip irrigation system to perform irrigation operations.

[0092] Further, step S32 includes:

[0093] S321: Perform data format standardization processing on the crop type information, crop growth stage information, and soil type information respectively to obtain standardized crop type information, standardized crop growth stage information, and standardized soil type information;

[0094] S322: Query the irrigation parameter adjustment table, and use the fuzzy matching algorithm to determine the first irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the crop according to the standardized crop type information;

[0095] S323: Use the piecewise function mapping algorithm to determine the growth stage interval to which the crop belongs according to the standardized crop growth stage information, and use the irrigation coefficient corresponding to the growth stage interval as the second irrigation adjustment coefficient;

[0096] S324: Use the hash search algorithm to query the corresponding third irrigation adjustment coefficient according to the standardized soil type information. If not found, calculate the third irrigation adjustment coefficient according to the soil component ratio in the soil type information using the linear interpolation algorithm.

[0097] Among them, in step S321, data format standardization processing is performed to ensure the standardization of the input information. For example, unified Chinese names and unified measurement units are used. For the standardized crop type information, a fuzzy matching algorithm is adopted, such as the edit distance algorithm, to handle the situation where the crop name input by the user is not standardized or has aliases.

[0098] In step S323, the piecewise function mapping algorithm is adopted, the growth stage is divided into multiple intervals, each interval corresponds to a fixed irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the growth stage information is mapped to the corresponding interval to determine the second irrigation adjustment coefficient.

[0099] In step S324, the hash search algorithm is preferentially adopted to quickly query the third irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the standardized soil type information. When the hash search fails, the linear interpolation algorithm is used as an alternative, and the proportion of soil components in the soil type information is used to calculate the third irrigation adjustment coefficient. For example, the proportion of sandy soil and the proportion of clay are used for linear interpolation calculation. Specifically, the process of linear interpolation calculation can be as follows: Assume that the irrigation coefficient of sandy soil is 0.8 and the irrigation coefficient of clay is 1.2. Then the third irrigation adjustment coefficient is calculated as 0.8 * 20% + 1.2 * 10% + the base coefficient of loam * 70% (assuming the base coefficient of loam is 1.0, the result is 0.8 * 0.2 + 1.2 * 0.1 + 1.0 * 0.7 = 0.16 + 0.12 + 0.7 = 0.98). The base coefficient of loam is a pre-set basic reference value for loam in the irrigation system and is usually set to 1.0.

[0100] Through the above steps, the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the third irrigation adjustment coefficient can be accurately and efficiently obtained, providing parameter support for subsequent adaptive water-saving irrigation.

[0101] Further, step S33 includes:

[0102] S331: Determine the first water demand of the crop according to the crop type information; determine the second water demand of the crop according to the crop growth stage information; determine the first water retention capacity of the soil according to the soil type information;

[0103] S332: Determine the first weight of the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the second weight of the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the third weight of the third irrigation coefficient according to the first water demand, the second water demand, and the first water retention capacity;

[0104] S334: Calculate the comprehensive irrigation coefficient according to the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the first weight, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, the second weight, the third irrigation coefficient, and the third weight.

[0105] Among them, in step S331, the first water demand, the second water demand, and the first water retention capacity can be determined. For example, for different crop types, a mapping relationship table between crop types and the first water demand can be established in advance, and the first water demand can be determined by querying this table. For different crop growth stages, a corresponding relationship between crop growth stages and the second water demand can be established. For example, different second water demands correspond to different stages such as the seedling stage, the heading stage, and the maturity stage. For different soil types, a database between soil types and the first water retention capacity can be established, and the first water retention capacity data corresponding to various soil types are stored in the database, and the first water retention capacity can be obtained by querying the database.

[0106] In step S332, the first weight, the second weight, and the third weight can be determined. Specifically, a weight calculation model can be preset. The inputs of the model are the first water demand, the second water demand, and the first water retention capacity after normalization processing, and the outputs of the model are the first weight, the second weight, and the third weight. The weight calculation model can be a non-linear decreasing function model or an inverse proportion function model.

[0107] In step S334, the comprehensive irrigation coefficient is calculated by a weighted average algorithm. The calculation process is as follows: Multiply the first irrigation adjustment coefficient by the first weight to obtain the first weighted coefficient; multiply the second irrigation adjustment coefficient by the second weight to obtain the second weighted coefficient; multiply the third irrigation adjustment coefficient by the third weight to obtain the third weighted coefficient; the comprehensive irrigation coefficient is the sum of the first weighted coefficient, the second weighted coefficient, and the third weighted coefficient, and then divided by the sum of the weights.

[0108] Thus, the calculation of the comprehensive irrigation coefficient fully considers the crop type, the crop growth stage, and the soil type information, so that the comprehensive irrigation coefficient can more accurately reflect the actual irrigation demand.

[0109] Furthermore, in step S334, the formula for calculating the comprehensive irrigation coefficient is:

[0110] Comprehensive irrigation coefficient = (first weight * first irrigation adjustment coefficient + second weight * second irrigation adjustment coefficient + third weight * third irrigation adjustment coefficient) / (first weight + second weight + third weight).

[0111] Specifically, this formula provides a clear method for calculating the comprehensive irrigation coefficient, solving the uncertainty problem of how to obtain the comprehensive irrigation coefficient after obtaining the weights and irrigation adjustment coefficients. In the irrigation system, the first weight, the second weight, and the third weight can be determined according to factors such as crop type information, crop growth stage information, and soil type information, respectively representing the importance of these factors in the irrigation decision-making. The first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the third irrigation adjustment coefficient are adjustment parameters corresponding to these factors, used to correct the basic irrigation amount. Through the weighted average algorithm, the formula can comprehensively consider the influence of various factors and calculate a comprehensive irrigation coefficient, which can more accurately reflect the actual irrigation demand. The calculated comprehensive irrigation coefficient provides an accurate parameter basis for the implementation of the subsequent adaptive water-saving irrigation method, ensuring that the irrigation system can be optimized and adjusted according to various factors to achieve more effective water-saving irrigation.

[0112] Furthermore, step S332 includes:

[0113] S3321: Perform normalization processing on the first water demand, the second water demand, and the first water retention capacity;

[0114] S3322: Calculate the comprehensive water demand weight of the crop using a non-linear decreasing function based on the normalized first water demand and second water demand; calculate the water retention weight of the soil using an inverse proportion function based on the normalized first water retention volume.

[0115] S3323: Decompose the comprehensive water demand weight into the first weight of the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second weight of the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the ratio of the first weight and the second weight is consistent with the ratio of the normalized first water demand and second water demand, and use the water retention weight as the third weight of the third irrigation coefficient.

[0116] Among them, in step S3321, for the normalization of the first water demand, second water demand, and first water retention volume, the maximum-minimum normalization method can be used to linearly map each item of data to the [0,1] interval. Thus, the dimension is unified, which is convenient for subsequent weight calculation.

[0117] In step S3322, for example, the Sigmoid function can be selected as the non-linear decreasing function to ensure that when the water demand increases, the first weight and the second weight decrease but the decreasing speed slows down; for example, the inverse proportion function can be selected in the form of y = k / x, where k is a constant, to ensure that when the water retention volume increases, the third weight decreases.

[0118] In step S3323, when the comprehensive water demand weight is decomposed into the first weight and the second weight, it can be allocated according to the ratio of the normalized first water demand and second water demand. For example, if the normalized first water demand is 0.6 and the second water demand is 0.4, the first weight can be set to 60% of the comprehensive water demand weight, and the second weight can be set to 40% of the comprehensive water demand weight.

[0119] Specifically, through normalization, the influence of different data dimensions and numerical range differences on weight allocation is eliminated, ensuring the fairness and rationality of weight calculation and improving the accuracy of the comprehensive irrigation coefficient. The application of the non-linear decreasing function and the inverse proportion function makes the weight allocation more in line with the actual irrigation demand, avoiding the one-sidedness of linear weight allocation and further enhancing the intelligent level of the irrigation system. The weight decomposition step ensures that the relative importance of the crop variety and growth stage for water demand is reflected in the weight allocation, making the calculation of the comprehensive irrigation coefficient more refined. Thus, the weights of each adjustment coefficient in the calculation of the comprehensive irrigation coefficient can be determined more reasonably, so that the final comprehensive irrigation coefficient can more accurately reflect the actual irrigation demand.

[0120] Further, in step S34, the steps of shortening the preset irrigation duration or suspending irrigation according to the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations include:

[0121] S341: Calculate the shortened preset irrigation duration according to the comprehensive irrigation coefficient. The shortened preset irrigation duration = preset irrigation duration * (1 - comprehensive irrigation coefficient);

[0122] S342: When the preset irrigation duration * (1 - comprehensive irrigation coefficient) is greater than 0, control the drip irrigation system to perform irrigation operations according to the shortened preset irrigation duration;

[0123] S343: When the preset irrigation duration * (1 - comprehensive irrigation coefficient) is less than or equal to 0, control the drip irrigation system to stop irrigation.

[0124] Among them, in step S341, the calculation method of the shortened preset irrigation duration is the preset irrigation duration multiplied by a value, and the value is obtained by subtracting the comprehensive irrigation coefficient from 1. The value of the comprehensive irrigation coefficient directly affects the shortening amplitude. The larger the coefficient, the greater the shortening amplitude.

[0125] Steps S342 and S343 set the conditions for performing irrigation operations and stopping irrigation operations. When the calculated shortened preset irrigation duration is positive, the system irrigates according to the shortened duration. When the calculation result is non-positive, the system directly stops irrigation.

[0126] Specifically, if the calculation result is positive, the drip irrigation system will irrigate according to this shortened duration to achieve water-saving irrigation. On the contrary, if the calculation result is less than or equal to 0, it indicates that under the forecast of rainfall, the irrigation demand is extremely low or even no irrigation is required. At this time, the system will control the drip irrigation system to stop irrigation, thus avoiding unnecessary irrigation operations and water resource waste. Therefore, according to the size of the comprehensive irrigation coefficient, the refined adjustment of the preset irrigation duration can be realized, ensuring that when rainfall is forecasted, it can not only meet the basic water demand of crops but also save water resources to the greatest extent.

[0127] Further, in step S34, the steps of adjusting the drip irrigation duration and frequency according to the soil humidity value real-time monitored by the soil humidity sensor and the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations include:

[0128] S344: Obtain the target soil humidity value and calculate the soil humidity difference between the target soil humidity value and the real-time detected soil humidity value;

[0129] S345: Obtain the preset irrigation duration, and calculate the adjusted duration according to the preset irrigation duration, soil humidity difference, soil target humidity data, and comprehensive irrigation coefficient. The calculation formula is:

[0130] Adjusted duration = preset irrigation duration * [1 + comprehensive irrigation coefficient * (soil moisture difference / target soil moisture value)];

[0131] S346: Obtain the preset irrigation frequency, and calculate the adjusted frequency according to the preset irrigation frequency, soil moisture difference, soil target moisture data, and comprehensive irrigation coefficient. The calculation formula is:

[0132] Adjusted frequency = preset irrigation frequency * [1 + comprehensive irrigation coefficient * (soil moisture difference / target soil moisture value)].

[0133] Among them, in step S344, the target soil moisture value is the desired soil moisture level, which can be preset according to factors such as crop type, growth stage, and soil type. The soil moisture difference is calculated by subtracting the soil moisture value detected in real time by the soil moisture sensor from the target soil moisture value, reflecting the deviation degree between the current soil moisture and the target moisture.

[0134] Steps S345 and S346 provide specific calculation methods for adjusting the drip irrigation duration and frequency. The adjusted duration is obtained by multiplying the preset irrigation duration by an adjustment coefficient, which is composed of 1 plus the product of the comprehensive irrigation coefficient and the ratio of the moisture difference to the target soil moisture value. The calculation method of the adjusted frequency is similar to that of the adjusted duration, and it is also obtained by multiplying the preset irrigation frequency by a similar adjustment coefficient. The comprehensive irrigation coefficient has been determined in the previous steps. It comprehensively considers various factors such as crop type information, crop growth stage information, and soil type information, and is a key parameter for fine-tuning irrigation parameters. The ratio of the moisture difference to the target soil moisture value reflects the relative degree of soil moisture deviation from the target value. The product of this ratio and the comprehensive irrigation coefficient is used to adjust the preset irrigation duration and frequency, realizing the dynamic adjustment of irrigation parameters.

[0135] Furthermore, in step S1, obtaining multiple preset rainfall thresholds includes the steps:

[0136] S11: Obtain crop type information, and determine the water requirement thresholds of the crops at different growth stages according to the crop type information;

[0137] S12: Determine the historical rainfall data according to the monthly rainfall, weekly rainfall, and daily rainfall within a preset past period;

[0138] S13: Obtain the historical rainfall data corresponding to the current growth stage of the crops, and determine multiple preset rainfall thresholds according to the historical rainfall data and the water requirement thresholds.

[0139] Among them, in step S11, the crop type information can be obtained by the user manually inputting the name of the crop during the initial configuration of the irrigation system, or by the system reading the pre-stored planting plan form. After determining the crop type, the determination of the water demand threshold can refer to agricultural planting specifications, expert knowledge bases, or relevant agricultural meteorological databases. For example, for crops such as tomatoes, different water demand thresholds can be set at different growth stages, such as the seedling stage, growth stage, flowering stage, and fruiting stage. The water demand is relatively low during the seedling stage and relatively high during the fruiting stage.

[0140] In step S12, the historical rainfall data can be obtained by accessing the historical data records of the local meteorological station or the online meteorological data service platform. The preset past period can be set as data for the past five years or the past ten years to ensure the representativeness of the historical rainfall data. Data at different time scales such as monthly rainfall, weekly rainfall, and daily rainfall can be directly obtained from the meteorological data service platform or obtained by statistical calculation of the original meteorological data.

[0141] In step S13, when obtaining the historical rainfall data corresponding to each growth stage of the crop, the historical rainfall data needs to be divided according to the growth stage of the crop. For example, according to the growth cycle of tomatoes, the historical rainfall data can be divided into data subsets corresponding to stages such as the seedling stage, growth stage, flowering stage, and fruiting stage. When determining the preset rainfall threshold, the historical rainfall data of each growth stage can be compared with the water demand threshold. A feasible strategy is to analyze the historical rainfall data for each growth stage, such as calculating the average value or the lower quantile value of the historical rainfall during the same period, and referring to the water demand threshold, calculate the difference between the water demand threshold and the average value of the historical rainfall, and take the values corresponding to 20%, 50%, and 100% of the difference, and add them to the water demand threshold respectively to obtain the corresponding three thresholds, namely: the light rain threshold, the moderate rain threshold, and the heavy rain threshold.

[0142] If the water demand threshold is less than the average value of the historical rainfall, the difference is a positive number. When determining multiple preset rainfall thresholds, the difference corresponding to the percentage is added to the water demand threshold as the rainfall threshold; otherwise, the difference is a negative number. When determining multiple preset rainfall thresholds, the difference corresponding to the percentage is subtracted from the water demand threshold as the rainfall threshold. Through this refined division method, multiple rainfall thresholds are determined, making the adjustment of the irrigation duration and frequency of the irrigation system more accurate, thereby improving the intelligent level and water-saving effect of the irrigation system.

[0143] Furthermore, in step S1, obtaining the future rainfall forecast value includes the steps of:

[0144] S14: Obtain the predicted meteorological data released by multiple different meteorological forecast platforms;

[0145] S15: The weighted average algorithm is used to fuse multiple predicted meteorological data to obtain the fused future rainfall forecast value.

[0146] Among them, in step S14, multiple different meteorological forecast platforms are obtained to get meteorological data, thereby reducing the error of a single meteorological data source and improving the accuracy and reliability of meteorological data. The meteorological forecast platforms can include publicly available meteorological service websites or application program ports at home and abroad. The obtained meteorological data is specifically the future rainfall forecast value, which can include the rainfall forecast for the next 24 hours, 48 hours or longer.

[0147] In step S15, the weighted average algorithm is adopted to fuse the meteorological data from multiple meteorological forecast platforms. Specifically, in view of the difference in forecast accuracy of different meteorological forecast platforms, a higher weight can be assigned to the platform with a higher forecast accuracy rate, and a lower weight can be assigned to the platform with a lower forecast accuracy rate. Through the weighted average algorithm, by comprehensively considering the data of multiple meteorological forecast platforms, a more accurate and reliable fused future rainfall forecast value can be obtained.

[0148] In this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0149] The above are only the embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An adaptive water-saving irrigation method applied in a drip irrigation system, characterized in that, The method includes the steps of: S1: Obtain a plurality of preset rainfall thresholds and future rainfall forecast values; S2: Compare the future rainfall forecast value with the rainfall thresholds step by step to obtain a comparison result; S3: Dynamically switch the irrigation mode according to the comparison result, and the irrigation mode includes: When the comparison result is that the future rainfall forecast value is greater than or equal to the preset rainfall threshold, shorten the preset irrigation duration or suspend irrigation to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations; When the comparison result is that the future rainfall forecast value is less than all preset rainfall thresholds, adjust the drip irrigation duration and frequency according to the soil humidity value monitored by the soil humidity sensor in real time to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations.

2. The adaptive water-saving irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step S3 includes: S31: Obtain crop type information, crop growth stage information, and soil type information; S32: Query the irrigation parameter adjustment table to obtain a first irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the crop type information, a second irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the crop growth stage information, and a third irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the soil type information; S33: Calculate a comprehensive irrigation coefficient according to the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the third irrigation adjustment coefficient; S34: Switch the irrigation mode according to the comparison result, and the irrigation mode includes: When the comparison result is that the future rainfall forecast value is greater than or equal to the preset rainfall threshold, shorten the preset irrigation duration or suspend irrigation according to the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations; When the comparison result is that the future rainfall forecast value is less than all preset rainfall thresholds, adjust the drip irrigation duration and frequency according to the soil humidity value monitored by the soil humidity sensor in real time and the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations.

3. The adaptive water-saving irrigation method according to claim 2, characterized in that Step S32 includes: S321: Perform data format standardization processing on the crop type information, the crop growth stage information, and the soil type information respectively to obtain standardized crop type information, standardized crop growth stage information, and standardized soil type information; S322: Query the irrigation parameter adjustment table, and use a fuzzy matching algorithm to determine the first irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the crop according to the standardized crop type information; S323: According to the standardized crop growth stage information, use a piecewise function mapping algorithm to determine the growth stage interval to which the crop belongs, and use the irrigation coefficient corresponding to the growth stage interval as the second irrigation adjustment coefficient; S324: According to the standardized soil type information, use a hash search algorithm to query the corresponding third irrigation adjustment coefficient. If not found, calculate the third irrigation adjustment coefficient using a linear interpolation algorithm according to the soil component ratio in the soil type information.

4. An adaptive water-saving irrigation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S33 includes: S331: Determine the first water demand of the crop according to the crop type information; determine the second water demand of the crop according to the crop growth stage information; determine the first water retention capacity of the soil according to the soil type information; S332: Determine the first weight of the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the second weight of the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the third weight of the third irrigation coefficient according to the first water demand, the second water demand, and the first water retention capacity; S334: Calculate the comprehensive irrigation coefficient according to the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, the first weight, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, the second weight, the third irrigation coefficient, and the third weight.

5. An adaptive water-saving irrigation method according to claim 4, characterized in that In step S334, the formula for calculating the comprehensive irrigation coefficient is: Comprehensive irrigation coefficient = (first weight * first irrigation adjustment coefficient + second weight * second irrigation adjustment coefficient + third weight * third irrigation adjustment coefficient) / (first weight + second weight + third weight).

6. An adaptive water-saving irrigation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S332 includes: S3321: Perform normalization processing on the first water demand, the second water demand, and the first water retention capacity; S3322: Calculate the comprehensive water demand weight of the crop using a non-linear decreasing function according to the normalized first water demand and the second water demand; calculate the water retention weight of the soil using an inverse proportion function according to the normalized first water retention capacity; S3323: Decompose the comprehensive water demand weight into the first weight of the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second weight of the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, and the ratio of the first weight and the second weight is consistent with the ratio of the normalized first water demand and the second water demand, and use the water retention weight as the third weight of the third irrigation coefficient.

7. An adaptive water-saving irrigation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S34, the steps of shortening the preset irrigation duration or suspending irrigation according to the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations include: S341: Calculate the shortened preset irrigation duration according to the comprehensive irrigation coefficient, and the shortened preset irrigation duration = preset irrigation duration * (1 - comprehensive irrigation coefficient); S342: When preset irrigation duration * (1 - comprehensive irrigation coefficient) > 0, control the drip irrigation system to perform irrigation operations according to the shortened preset irrigation duration; S343: When preset irrigation duration * (1 - comprehensive irrigation coefficient) ≤ 0, control the drip irrigation system to stop irrigation.

8. An adaptive water-saving irrigation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S34, the steps of adjusting the drip irrigation duration and frequency according to the soil humidity value real-time monitored by the soil humidity sensor and the comprehensive irrigation coefficient to control the drip irrigation system to perform corresponding irrigation operations include: S344: Obtain the target soil humidity value and calculate the soil humidity difference between the target soil humidity value and the real-time detected soil humidity value; S345: Obtain the preset irrigation duration, and calculate the adjusted duration according to the preset irrigation duration, the soil humidity difference, the soil target humidity data, and the comprehensive irrigation coefficient. The calculation formula is: Adjusted duration = Preset irrigation duration * [1 + Comprehensive irrigation coefficient * (Soil moisture difference / Target soil moisture value)]; S346: Obtain the preset irrigation frequency, and calculate the adjusted frequency according to the preset irrigation frequency, the soil moisture difference, the soil target moisture data, and the comprehensive irrigation coefficient. The calculation formula is: Adjusted frequency = Preset irrigation frequency * [1 + Comprehensive irrigation coefficient * (Soil moisture difference / Target soil moisture value)].

9. An adaptive water-saving irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, obtaining multiple preset rainfall thresholds includes the steps of: S11: Obtain crop type information, and determine the moisture requirement thresholds of the crops at different growth stages according to the crop type information; S12: Determine historical rainfall data according to the monthly rainfall, weekly rainfall, and daily rainfall in a preset past period; S13: Obtain the historical rainfall data corresponding to the current growth stage of the crops, and determine multiple preset rainfall thresholds according to the historical rainfall data and the moisture requirement thresholds.

10. An adaptive water-saving irrigation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S1, obtaining the future rainfall forecast value includes the steps of: S14: Obtain the predicted meteorological data released by multiple different meteorological forecast platforms; S15: Use the weighted average algorithm to fuse multiple pieces of the predicted meteorological data to obtain the fused future rainfall forecast value.

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