Method for creating germplasm resources of high-quality, disease-resistant and cold-resistant common head cabbages
Through the multi-generational self-breeding of cold-resistant varieties and hybridization with male sterile lines, the problems of high cost and unstable traits of cabbage are solved, and new varieties of high-yield and high-quality multi-resistant kale are cultivated, efficient screening of excellent materials, and germplasm resources with significant application value are created.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510784517.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-29
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, cabbage seeds, especially overwintering cold-resistant varieties, need to be imported from abroad, which is expensive, and the cost of making seeds using self-merging is high. Long-term self-merging of parents leads to degeneration of traits, and the hybridization rate is difficult to reach 100%. Although the hybridization rate is high when using cytoplasmic male sterile lines, the parent has difficulty reproduction, resulting in high seed costs and unstable traits.
By selecting cold-resistant varieties to hybridize with each other, performing multi-generational self-crossing, screening cold-resistant single plants, and finally hybridizing with existing cold-resistant male sterile materials, building high-quality disease-resistant and cold-resistant germplasm resources, using multiple varieties to interweave to build core germplasm resources, screening excellent materials, and cultivating new high-yield, high-quality, multi-resistant and high-efficiency cabbage varieties.
It has achieved efficient screening of excellent materials, created germplasm resources with significant application value, cultivated new varieties of high-yield, high-quality, multi-resistant and high-efficiency cabbage, solved the problems of high seed costs and unstable traits, and improved the yield and quality of cabbage.
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Figure CN120380982A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a method for creating high-quality, disease-resistant and cold-tolerant cabbage germplasm resources. Background Art
[0002] Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) is a variant of the cruciferous Brassica plant, also known as cabbage, head cabbage, etc. It originated from the Mediterranean coast and prefers a mild climate. It is one of the main vegetable crops in China and was introduced into China in the 16th century. Cabbage (hereinafter referred to as cabbage) has the characteristics of disease resistance, strong adaptability, easy storage and transportation, high yield, good quality, etc. It is widely cultivated throughout China and has developed rapidly. It is one of the main vegetables in spring, summer, autumn and winter in Northeast, Northwest, North China and other regions of China, with an annual planting area of more than 3 million hm 2 above, and plays an important role in the annual supply of vegetables and export trade.
[0003] At present, some domestic cabbage seeds, especially winter-hardy varieties, are still imported from abroad, and the seed price is expensive. Due to the strong heterosis of cabbage, the breeding in production has gradually changed from self-incompatible lines to cytoplasmic male sterile lines for hybrid seed production. Because using self-incompatible lines for seed production requires a large amount of manpower and time for parent propagation (through artificial pollination at the bud stage), the cost is very high, and the popularization area is restricted by the seed production volume. More disadvantageously, long-term continuous selfing of parents easily leads to the degradation of viability, resulting in the loss of some excellent traits, and the hybridization rate is difficult to reach 100%. While using cytoplasmic male sterile lines to prepare excellent cabbage varieties, the hybridization rate reaches 100%, without the need for a restorer line, only a male parent line is required, and when the male parent line uses an inbred line, the parent propagation is easier, the viability is stronger, it is not easy to degenerate, and the seed production and propagation are more efficient.
[0004] Excellent cabbage varieties are the basis for improving agricultural product yield, quality and market competitiveness. Creating germplasm resources is the basis of the basis for cultivating excellent new varieties. Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a method for creating high-quality, disease-resistant and cold-tolerant cabbage germplasm resources. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for creating high-quality, disease-resistant and cold-tolerant cabbage germplasm resources, including the following steps:
[0006] Step 1, select cold-tolerant varieties and sow and plant them respectively. Select cold-tolerant single plants from the offspring in the field, remove the stamens and hybridize them with each other to obtain seeds F1;
[0007] Step 2, sow and plant the F1 seeds respectively. Select cold-tolerant single plants from the offspring in the field, apply pollen for self-pollination during the flowering period to obtain seeds F2;
[0008] Step 3: Sow the F2 seeds separately, transplant the seedlings, and select cold-tolerant individual plants from the offspring in the field. Apply pollen for self-pollination during the flowering period to obtain F3 seeds.
[0009] Step 4: Sow the F3 seeds separately, transplant the seedlings, and select cold-tolerant individual plants from the offspring in the field. Apply pollen for self-pollination during the flowering period to obtain F4 seeds.
[0010] Step 5: Sow the F4 seeds separately, transplant the seedlings, and select cold-tolerant individual plants from the offspring in the field. Apply pollen for self-pollination during the flowering period to obtain F5 seeds.
[0011] Step 6: Sow the F5 seeds separately, transplant the seedlings, and cross them with the existing cold-tolerant male sterile line plants during the flowering period. Through field comparative tests, obtain the high-quality, disease-resistant, and cold-tolerant Chinese cabbage germplasm resources.
[0012] Furthermore, the cold-tolerant variety is a cold-tolerant variety with strong plant growth, late maturity, disease resistance, excellent traits, and has been widely promoted and applied in production.
[0013] Furthermore, the screening method for cold-tolerant individual plants is as follows: 3 - 4 days after each cold snap (air temperature from minus 3 degrees to minus 7 degrees) in winter, investigate the frost damage of the plants in the field. It is required that the outer leaves are damaged below level 2 by frost, the inner leaves are damaged below level 1 by frost, and the inner leaves are relatively upright, the surface of the leaf head has no frost damage, and the plants are robust.
[0014] Even further, for the selected cold-tolerant individual plants, cut the leaf head in a timely manner, remove the old leaves, cut off the axillary buds at the base of the leaf head, set up a frame and tie the branches. Only control pests throughout the growth period, do not prevent diseases. If there are diseased plants, remove them in a timely manner to ensure strong disease resistance of the offspring.
[0015] Furthermore, the planting method for cold-tolerant individual plants is as follows: Uniformly plant in the greenhouse, with a 1-meter interval between individual plants. Before flowering, cover the greenhouse with a 1.8-meter-high film from the ground to avoid rain, and cover the entire greenhouse with 40-mesh screen mesh for isolation. Set up a surrounding net on one side for easy access, and conduct normal management during the growth period.
[0016] Furthermore, the method for applying pollen for self-pollination during the flowering period is as follows: Bag individual plants before flowering. Remove the bags in sequence during the full flowering period, and smear the flowers of individual plants with a disposable cotton swab to facilitate the pollen scattering on the stigma and promote fruiting during the flowering period. Repeat once every 2 - 3 days, for a total of 2 times.
[0017] The present invention hybridizes excellent cold-tolerant varieties with each other, and the obtained new fertile materials are self-pollinated for 3 generations. Finally, the developed individual plants are crossed with the original cold-tolerant varieties, thereby cultivating a new high-yield, high-quality, multi-resistant, and efficient Chinese cabbage variety. On the basis of constructing core germplasm resources through multi-variety crossbreeding of specific cold-tolerant germplasm resources and materials, identifying the resistance and horticultural traits of each material, screening excellent materials, creating germplasm resources with significant application value, and cultivating a new high-yield, high-quality, multi-resistant, and efficient Chinese cabbage variety have important significance. Description of the Drawings
[0018] Figure 1 This is the breeding map in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The present invention utilizes cold-resistant varieties (fertile) with excellent characteristics such as strong plant growth, late maturity, extremely late maturity, disease resistance, oblate spherical, spherical, ox heart-shaped, green color, strong stress resistance, good quality, etc., which are widely promoted and applied in production, and emasculates and hybridizes them to efficiently expand the genetic background of germplasm resources to obtain multiple F1 seeds.
[0020] F1 seeds were sown and transplanted separately, and cold-resistant individual plants were selected in the field. The screening method is to investigate the frost damage of plants in the field 3-4 days after each cold wave in winter (temperature -3-7 degrees Celsius). The outer leaves are required to be frozen below level 2, the inner leaves below level 1, and the inner leaves are relatively upright. The leaf bulbs are free of frost damage and the plants are strong. The selected cold-resistant individual plants are timely dissected, old leaves are removed, axillary buds at the base of the leaf bulbs are excised, and branches are tied to the trellises. During the entire growing period, only insect control is carried out, and disease prevention is not carried out. If sick plants are found, they are removed in time to ensure that the offspring have strong disease resistance.
[0021] Selected cold-resistant individual plants should be uniformly planted in a greenhouse with a spacing of 1 meter between individual plants. Before flowering, the greenhouse should be 1.8 meters above the ground and covered with film to avoid rain. The greenhouse should be covered and isolated with 40-mesh mesh. A fence about 60 cm high should be set on one side for easy access. Normal management should be carried out during the growing season.
[0022] The F1 is self-pollinated with pollen during the flowering period, and individual plants are bagged before flowering. The bags are removed in turn during the peak flowering period. Disposable cotton swabs are used to smear the flowers of individual plants to facilitate pollen scattering on the stigma and promote fruiting during flowering. Repeat once every 2-3 days, for a total of 2 times, to obtain seeds F2; F2 seeds are sown and transplanted, and cold-resistant individual plants are selected in the field by the offspring, and the method is the same as self-pollination with pollen during the flowering period to obtain seeds F3; F3 seeds are sown and transplanted, and cold-resistant individual plants are selected in the field by the offspring, and the method is the same as self-pollination with pollen during the flowering period to obtain seeds F4; F4 seeds are sown and transplanted, and cold-resistant individual plants are selected in the field by the offspring, and the method is the same as self-pollination with pollen during the flowering period to obtain seeds F5, which is a new inbred line. The new combination is then tried with the existing sterile line with strong plant growth, strong disease resistance, bright green color, and excellent cold resistance, and a field comparative test is carried out.
[0023] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples. It should be understood that the following examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications and substitutions to the present invention without departing from the purpose and spirit of the present invention.
[0024] Example 1
[0025] In the Xingxiang experimental base in Jurong, Jiangsu, in the first year, in early August of autumn, varieties such as Dongsheng (Japan, winter cabbage, extremely late-maturing, cold-tolerant, flat-round, disease-resistant, strong stress resistance), Yingfeng (Japan, winter cabbage, extremely late-maturing, cold-tolerant, flat-round, disease-resistant, strong stress resistance), Aichun (Japan, open-field winter-spring cabbage, cold-tolerant, bolting-resistant, flat-round, disease-resistant, strong stress resistance), and Chunfeng (China, open-field winter-spring cabbage, cold-tolerant, bolting-resistant, flat-round, disease-resistant, strong stress resistance) were sown. These were purchased from the market and respectively planted in the field. After the leaf heads matured, they were overwintered to observe cold tolerance, disease resistance, and stress resistance. 2-3 excellent individual plants were selected and respectively planted in a simple greenhouse, with a spacing of 1 meter. Normal field management was carried out. Rain was avoided before flowering, and the flowering period was covered and isolated with a 40-mesh insect-proof net. In February of the following year, the heads were dissected, and after bolting, poles were inserted and tied up, leaving 3-4 branches, and the axillary buds at the base were removed. Only pests were controlled during the growth period, and diseases were not prevented.
[0026] In mid-April of the second year, the selected individual plants of the above varieties were emasculated and pollinated with each other. In mid-June, the individual plants were harvested separately to obtain 6 portions of F1 seeds, 130-220 grains each, and were respectively numbered as K01, K02, K03, K04, K05, and K06. Each subsequent generation was marked in sequence as above.
[0027] In early August, the 6 portions of seeds were sown separately. In mid-September, 110-160 plants were respectively planted. Normal field management was carried out. From the end of December to mid-February of the second year, there were 4 cold snaps (the lowest temperature was minus 7 degrees), and the field frost damage was investigated. Individual plants that met the standards were selected and marked as follows: 6 plants for K01, marked as K01-1...K06; 8 plants for K02, marked as K02-1...K08; 5 plants for K03, marked as K03-1...K03-5; 7 plants for K04, marked as K04-1...K04-7; 8 plants for K05, marked as K05-1...K05-8; 5 plants for K06, marked as K06-1...K06-5; and other normal field management such as head dissection and bolting and tying branches was carried out. In mid-April, the selected and marked individual plants were pollinated by self-pollination with a disposable cotton swab every 2-3 days during the flowering period, for a total of 2 times. In mid-June, the individual plants were harvested separately to obtain 39 portions of F2 seeds, 100-120 grains each, and the self-compatibility index was greater than 0.3.
[0028] In early August, the 39 portions of seeds were sown separately. In mid-September, 80-100 plants were respectively planted. Normal field management was carried out. From the end of December to mid-February of the third year, there were 3 cold snaps (the lowest temperature was minus 6 degrees), and the field frost damage was investigated. 2-3 individual plants that met the standards were selected from the offspring of each portion of seeds and were respectively marked in sequence. Normal field management such as head dissection and bolting and tying branches was carried out. In mid-April, the selected and marked individual plants were pollinated by self-pollination with a disposable cotton swab every 2-3 days during the flowering period, for a total of 2 times. In mid-June, the individual plants were harvested separately to obtain 110 portions of F3 seeds, 130-150 grains each, and the self-compatibility index was greater than 0.35.
[0029] In early August, 110 seeds were sown separately. In mid-September, 90 - 120 plants were planted respectively, and the field was managed normally. From the end of December to mid-February of the fourth year, there were 5 cold snaps (the lowest temperature was -8 degrees Celsius). The field freeze injury was investigated. For each seed's offspring, 1 - 3 single plants that met the standards were selected and marked in sequence. Normal field management such as ball dissection, bolting and tying branches was carried out. In mid-April, during the flowering period of the above-mentioned marked and selected single plants, pollination was carried out by smearing pollen with a disposable cotton swab every 2 - 3 days for a total of 2 times. In mid-June, 90 - 115 F4 seeds were harvested from each single plant respectively, and the self-compatibility index was greater than 0.4.
[0030] In early August, 130 seeds were sown separately. In mid-September, 80 - 100 plants were planted respectively, and the field was managed normally. From the end of December to mid-February of the fourth year, there were 4 cold snaps (the lowest temperature was -6 degrees Celsius). The field freeze injury was investigated. For each seed's offspring, 1 - 2 single plants that met the standards were selected and marked in sequence. Normal field management such as ball dissection, bolting and tying branches was carried out. In mid-April, during the flowering period of the above-mentioned marked and selected single plants, pollination was carried out by smearing pollen with a disposable cotton swab every 2 - 3 days for a total of 2 times. In mid-June, 80 - 135 F5 seeds were harvested from each single plant respectively, and the self-compatibility index was greater than 0.55; Sowing in early August and planting in early September, according to characteristics such as plant type, cotyledon color, hypocotyl color, outer leaf color, outer leaf shape, leaf ball shape, leaf ball color, and leaf ball maturity, the purity of the parents was observed. Among them, 145 had consistent traits, and the remaining 25 had a few miscellaneous plants and needed further purification.
[0031] Among the 145 materials, 85 materials including 35 oblate, 20 ox-heart-shaped, and 30 high-round-shaped ones were green in color, with regular spherical shapes, compact plant types, strong growth potential, strong disease resistance and stress resistance, and obvious advantages, and could be used to test cross combinations; the other 60 had irregular spherical shapes (could be eliminated or further observed). Among them, 85 were dissected for balls and bolted in the following year, and bees were released for assisted pollination during the flowering period under isolation. The harvested seeds were stored as parents.
[0032] In the spring of the sixth year, during the flowering period of 85 seeds, cross combinations were tested with the existing cold-tolerant male sterile line materials CMS021 (late-maturing, cold-tolerant, oblate), CMS035 (late-maturing, cold-tolerant, high-round-shaped), and CMS027 (late-maturing, cold-tolerant, nearly round-shaped). Among them, 215 seeds were harvested and numbered 1801, 1802....18215 in the field. The variety comparison results showed that compared with the control Dongsheng ck1 (Japan), the yields of 2 test cross combinations were 7.4% and 5.1% higher than that of Dongsheng; compared with the control Yingfeng ck2 (Japan), the yields were 8.7% and 6.4% higher, with bright green color, late-maturing, oblate, cold-tolerant, disease-resistant, and strong stress resistance. It could be further tested and promoted.
[0033] Table 1 Excellent Traits of Some Cabbage Inbred Lines
[0034]
[0035]
[0036] Table 2 Excellent traits of existing cold-resistant cabbage cytoplasmic male sterile lines
[0037]
[0038] Table 3 Main properties of some trial combinations
[0039]
[0040] Table 4 Stress resistance and disease resistance of some trial combinations
[0041] variety Bolting resistance cold resistance Disease resistance CMS021×K01-2-2-1-2 powerful powerful High resistance CMS021×K02-2-3-1-1 powerful powerful High resistance CMS027×K03-3-2-1-2 powerful powerful High resistance CMS027×K04-4-2-1-1 powerful powerful High resistance CMS035×K05-3-3-2-1 powerful powerful High resistance CMS035×K06-6-4-2-2 powerful powerful High resistance Dongsheng CK1 powerful powerful High resistance Windward CK2 powerful powerful High resistance
[0042] Table 5 Yield analysis of some trial combinations
[0043] variety Single ball output kg Plot yield kg Equivalent yield per mu kg Ratio CK1±﹪ Ratio CK2±﹪ CMS021×K01-2-2-1-2 1.84 165.6 5464.8 5.1 6.4 CMS021×K02-2-3-1-1 1.65 163.4 4900.5 -5.7 -4.6 CMS027×K03-3-2-1-2 1.67 150.3 4959.9 -4.6 -3.5 CMS027×K04-4-2-1-1 1.88 169.2 5583.6 7.4 8.7 CMS035×K05-3-3-2-1 1.71 153.9 5078.7 -2.3 -1.1 CMS035×K06-6-4-2-2 1.66 149.4 4930.2 -5.1 -4.1 Dongsheng CK1 1.75 157.5 5197.5 - Windward CK2 1.73 155.7 5138.1 -
[0044] The method of the present invention can be used to screen excellent materials, create germplasm resources with great application value, and cultivate new cabbage varieties with high yield, high quality, multiple resistance and high efficiency.
Claims
1. A method for creating a high-quality disease-resistant and cold-tolerant Chinese cabbage germplasm resource, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Select existing popular cold-tolerant varieties and sow and plant them respectively. Select cold-tolerant single plants preferably from the offspring in the field, remove the stamens and cross them with each other to obtain seeds F1. Step 2: Sow and plant the F1 seeds respectively. Select cold-tolerant single plants preferably from the offspring in the field, apply pollen for self-pollination during the flowering period to obtain seeds F2. Step 3: Sow and plant the F2 seeds respectively. Select cold-tolerant single plants preferably from the offspring in the field, apply pollen for self-pollination during the flowering period to obtain seeds F3. Step 4: Sow and plant the F3 seeds respectively. Select cold-tolerant single plants preferably from the offspring in the field, apply pollen for self-pollination during the flowering period to obtain seeds F4. Step 5: Sow and plant the F4 seeds respectively. Select cold-tolerant single plants preferably from the offspring in the field, apply pollen for self-pollination during the flowering period to obtain seeds F5. Step 6: Sow and plant the F5 seeds respectively. Cross them with the existing cold-tolerant male sterile line materials during the flowering period. Through field comparative tests, obtain the high-quality, disease-resistant and cold-tolerant Chinese cabbage germplasm resources.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The existing popular cold-tolerant varieties are cold-tolerant varieties with strong plant growth, late maturity, disease resistance, excellent traits and widely promoted and applied in production.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The screening method for the cold-tolerant single plants is as follows: 3 - 4 days after each cold wave in winter, investigate the freezing situation of the plants in the field. It is required that the outer leaves are frozen below level 2, the inner leaves are frozen below level 1, and the inner leaves are relatively upright, the surface of the leaf ball has no frost damage, and the plants are robust.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, For the preferably selected cold-tolerant single plants, dissect the leaf balls in a timely manner, remove the old leaves, cut off the axillary buds at the base of the leaf balls, set up a frame and tie the branches. Only control pests and not prevent diseases during the whole growth period. If there are diseased plants, remove them in time to ensure strong disease resistance of the offspring.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The planting method for the cold-tolerant single plants is as follows: Uniformly plant them in the greenhouse, with a spacing of 1 meter between single plants. Cover the greenhouse with a 1.8-meter-high film to avoid rain before flowering. Cover the whole greenhouse with 40-mesh screen for isolation, and set up a surrounding net on one side for easy access. Conduct normal management during the growth period.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The method for applying pollen for self-pollination during the flowering period is as follows: Put a bag on each single plant before flowering. Remove the bags in sequence during the full flowering period, and smear the flowers of each single plant with a disposable cotton swab to facilitate the pollen falling on the stigma and promote fruiting during the flowering period. Repeat it once every 2 - 3 days for a total of 2 times.