Nursing greenhouse for rearing young tussah by internally planting oak trees and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a conservation greenhouse for breeding young tussah by internally planting oak trees and a use method of the conservation greenhouse, and relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, the conservation greenhouse comprises the following structures: a greenhouse framework which is made of a metal material, the periphery of the greenhouse framework is provided with stand columns, the height of the stand columns is 3-4m, the stand columns are fixed by a cement base, a greenhouse roof is arched, the width of the greenhouse roof is 10-20m, and the length of the greenhouse roof is set according to terrain requirements; covering materials: covering a shed roof and the periphery with a drip-free plastic film, respectively arranging a clamping groove at the positions, which are close to the ground and are 1.5 m away from the ground, on the two sides, and fixing a 40-mesh insect-proof net between the two clamping grooves; the ventilation and temperature control device is characterized in that a ventilation fan or a skylight is mounted on the top of the greenhouse, temperature-adjustable heating equipment is arranged in the greenhouse, film reelers are arranged on two sides, the maximum rise limit is 1.6 m, and the ventilation and temperature control device is used for adjusting the opening and closing amplitude of a plastic film; a water well is arranged near the greenhouse, a 40-mesh insect prevention screen door is arranged in the door, young silkworms in the greenhouse are bred by adopting artemisia willow, grown silkworms go uphill and are naturally stocked by using oak trees, and for silkworm eggs, the tussah is bred by using different feeds, so that a rejuvenation effect can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding, and specifically relates to a conservation greenhouse for raising young tussah silkworms with planted oak trees inside and its usage method. Background Technique

[0002] The tussah silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) belongs to semi-domesticated wild silkworms. Its larvae are usually released on oak trees in the wild and are easily affected by adverse weather, bird, animal, insect pests, or pesticide damage, resulting in losses. In severe cases, it may even cause a complete crop failure. Young tussah silkworms are more vulnerable to various disasters due to their weaker grasping ability and resistance. According to statistics, during outdoor rearing, the loss of the number of silkworms due to various disasters throughout the entire silkworm rearing period accounts for 40% - 60% of the total number of hatched silkworms, and the loss of the number of silkworms during the young silkworm stage (1st instar - 3rd instar) accounts for 70% - 80% of the total loss of silkworms throughout the entire silkworm rearing period. Therefore, the work of protecting young silkworms is crucial for the success of tussah silkworm rearing.

[0003] Indoor rearing of young silkworms is the most effective way to improve the survival rate of tussah silkworm production. Among them, synthetic bag rearing and silkworm bed rearing are the two most commonly used indoor rearing methods in silkworm rearing areas in China at present. They have the advantages of high survival rate and relatively mature technology. However, these two rearing methods have limited feeding capacity, narrow rearing space, easy drying of oak buds and leaves, silkworms crawling around randomly, easy mixing of silkworm excrement and oak leaves, which is prone to breeding bacteria and inducing silkworm diseases. The flat laying of oak buds for leaf feeding makes silkworms often only able to feed on the oak leaves on the surface of the silkworm bed, resulting in a large backlog of oak leaves in the lower layer and causing waste. Feeding and sand removal (referring to the work of removing silkworm excrement and residual branches and withered leaves) are time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, only 1st and 2nd instar young silkworms can be reared, and 3rd and 4th instar young silkworms cannot be reared. If continued rearing, there will be a sharp increase in the demand for leaf picking and rearing space, difficulties in sand removal and leaf feeding, a significant increase in the amount of labor, and a significant increase in the risk of silkworm outbreaks in the later stage (silkworm farmers have the saying that "raising silkworms indoors for one more day means one more risk"), resulting in the failure of indoor rearing. For a few who rear young tussah silkworms using arch sheds with inserted branches or simple greenhouse beds, there are many problems such as low rearing efficiency and easy induction of silkworm diseases. Therefore, only 1st instar young silkworms can be reared, and it is difficult to promote and apply on a large scale.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a conservation greenhouse and rearing method with planted oak trees / willow shrubs inside. Through environmental regulation, mixed planting of plants, and multi-level disinfection technology, healthy rearing of young silkworms until they reach the 3rd molt and are all raised (4th instar) is achieved, breaking through the limitation of two seasons of breeding in high-latitude regions, and significantly improving the survival rate and industrial benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a conservation greenhouse for raising young tussah silkworms with planted oak trees inside and its usage method, solving the technical problems raised in the above background technique.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A conservation greenhouse for rearing young tussah silkworms by planting tussah trees indoors and its usage method, including the following structures:

[0007] Greenhouse skeleton: Made of metal materials, with columns set around. The height of the columns is 3m - 4m, fixed by cement bases. The roof is arched, with a width of 10m - 20m, and the length is set according to terrain requirements;

[0008] Covering material: The roof and the surroundings are covered with non - dripping plastic film. One card slot is set at each of the ground - contact sides and at 1.5m above the ground on both sides, and a 40 - mesh insect - proof net is fixed between the two card slots;

[0009] Ventilation and temperature control device: A ventilation fan or a skylight is installed on the roof. Temperature - adjustable heating equipment is configured inside the greenhouse. Reel - type film adjusters are set on both sides, with a maximum lifting limit of 1.6m, used to adjust the opening and closing amplitude of the plastic film;

[0010] Water source and insect - proof door: A well is set near the greenhouse, and a 40 - mesh insect - proof screen door is installed inside the door;

[0011] Plant planting area: Tussah trees or wormwood willows are planted inside the greenhouse. The row spacing of tussah trees is 1m - 1.5m, and the plant spacing is 50cm - 80cm. Wormwood willows are planted by cutting. The width of the ridge is 80cm - 100cm, the cutting plant spacing is 1.2m, and the row spacing is 60cm.

[0012] Preferably, it is characterized by including the following steps:

[0013] Planting management: Select tussah trees of 3 - 5 years old or cut wormwood willows, and mix - plant narrow - leaf wormwood willows and broad - leaf wormwood willows;

[0014] Disinfection treatment: Conduct multi - level disinfection on silkworm tools, the environment inside the greenhouse, and the egg surface;

[0015] Ant collection operation: Use loose eggs, single - moth egg - laying bags, paper - surface eggs in a mixed area or single - moth area for ant collection, and put 250 - 300 newly hatched silkworms on each tree stump;

[0016] Environment regulation: Adjust the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse through reel - type film adjusters, ventilation fans, and temperature control equipment. The temperature is 15℃ - 28℃, and the humidity is 40% - 60%;

[0017] Moving silkworms to the mountains: After the 3rd molt, move the silkworms to the wild silkworm fields for rearing, and scatter 100 - 120 silkworms on each tree stump.

[0018] Preferably, the wormwood willows are mixed - planted with two rows of narrow - leaf wormwood willows and one row of broad - leaf wormwood willows. The narrow - leaf wormwood willows are used to rear silkworms of the 1st - 2nd instars, and the broad - leaf wormwood willows are used to rear silkworms of the 3rd instar and above.

[0019] Preferably, the disinfection steps include:

[0020] Disinfection of silkworm tools: Soak them in 3% formaldehyde solution and then expose them to the sun or let them stand;

[0021] Disinfection of the greenhouse: Spray the disinfectant for silkworm rearing fields. The amount of the disinfectant is 8 - 10 bags per mu, and each bag is 15 g, which is diluted with 15 kg of water.

[0022] Environmental disinfection: Spray 0.5% sodium hydroxide solution and sprinkle quicklime around the greenhouse.

[0023] Preferably, during the operation of collecting newly hatched silkworms, when collecting silkworms from single - moth areas on the paper surface of eggs, it is necessary to cut the egg paper and place it according to single - moth areas.

[0024] Preferably, when moving silkworms, the method of twisting branches is adopted. The silkworms together with branches and leaves are loaded into a bamboo basket or plastic bag and scattered on the sunny side of the oak tree before sunrise.

[0025] Beneficial effects

[0026] The present invention provides a conservation greenhouse for rearing young tussah silkworms with oak trees planted inside and its usage method. The present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] First, the oak trees or wormwoods planted inside the greenhouse germinate early and grow fast, enabling early collection of newly hatched silkworms, achieving the goal of raising two batches of silkworm eggs in a year in the areas with two - brood - one - release, which is beneficial to improving the quality of silkworm eggs, shortening the breeding cycle, and accelerating the breeding progress.

[0028] Second, a heating device is installed inside the greenhouse. When the temperature is low in early spring or at night, it can be heated to avoid adverse effects on the growth and development of silkworms caused by low temperature.

[0029] Third, the greenhouse is equipped with a film roller, a ventilation fan, a skylight, a heat - preservation blanket, a screen door, etc., which can be opened according to needs, providing a suitable temperature and humidity environment for the growth and development of silkworms.

[0030] Fourth, in addition to covering with a plastic film, a sunshade net is also covered during silkworm rearing to avoid strong light from burning tussah silkworms.

[0031] Fifth, the oak trees or wormwoods inside the greenhouse are artificially planted with high density and arranged orderly, with a high silkworm - rearing amount per unit area and convenient operation.

[0032] Sixth, compared with other protection - rearing methods, greenhouse rearing omits cumbersome processes such as leaf collection, leaf feeding, and sand removal, greatly saving labor costs, and its labor costs are almost the same as those of outdoor natural rearing.

[0033] Seventh, other indoor protection - rearing methods all require collecting leaves to feed silkworms, and the leaves are not fresh enough. While rearing young tussah silkworms in the greenhouse, silkworms can eat the tenderest leaves, grow fast, and the silkworm bodies are strong. Moreover, there is basically no risk of inducing silkworm diseases such as squeezing injury, mutual scratching, and silkworm dung polluting oak leaves, which are easily caused by other protection - rearing methods. Therefore, silkworms can be easily reared until they reach the third molt and are all in good condition, thus extending the protection - rearing time and improving the conservation effect.

[0034] VIII. The greenhouse avoids various disasters that may be encountered during outdoor natural rearing, thus greatly improving the seedling preservation effect;

[0035] IX. For rearing young tussah silkworms in the greenhouse, wormwood willows are used, and when the big silkworms are transferred to the mountains, they are naturally reared on oak trees. For the tussah silkworm eggs, feeding tussah silkworms with different feeds can play a rejuvenating role. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the tussah silkworm conservation greenhouse for the conservation greenhouse for rearing young tussah silkworms with oak trees planted inside and its usage method described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a conservation greenhouse for rearing young tussah silkworms with oak trees planted inside and its usage method, including the following structures:

[0039] Greenhouse skeleton: It is made of metal materials, with columns arranged around, the height of the columns is 3m - 4m, fixed with cement bases, the roof is arched, the width is 10m - 20m, and the length is set according to the terrain requirements;

[0040] Covering material: The roof and the surrounding are covered with anti - drip plastic film, and a card slot is set at each of the ground - contact part on both sides and 1.5m above the ground, and a 40 - mesh insect - proof net is fixed between the two card slots;

[0041] Ventilation and temperature control device: A ventilation fan or a skylight is installed on the roof, a temperature - adjustable heating device is configured inside the greenhouse, and film - rolling devices are provided on both sides, with a maximum lifting limit of 1.6m for adjusting the opening and closing amplitude of the plastic film;

[0042] Water source and insect - proof door: A well is set near the greenhouse, and a 40 - mesh insect - proof screen door is installed inside the door;

[0043] Plant planting area: Oak trees or wormwood willows are planted inside the greenhouse. The row spacing of oak trees is 1m - 1.5m, the plant spacing is 50cm - 80cm, and for wormwood willows, cuttage planting is adopted, the width of the ridge is 80cm - 100cm, the cuttage plant spacing is 1.2m, and the row spacing is 60cm.

[0044] In this embodiment, it is further set that, characterized in that, it includes the following steps:

[0045] Planting management: Select oak trees that are 3 - 5 years old or cuttage wormwood willows, and mix - plant narrow - leaf wormwood willows and broad - leaf wormwood willows;

[0046] Disinfection treatment: Perform multi-level disinfection on the silkworm tools, the environment inside the greenhouse, and the egg surface.

[0047] Ant collection operation: Use loose eggs, single-moth egg-laying bags, mixed areas of paper surface eggs or single-moth areas for ant collection, and place 250 - 300 newly hatched silkworms per tree stump.

[0048] Environmental regulation: Adjust the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse through a film rolling device, ventilation fans, and temperature control equipment. The temperature is 15°C - 28°C, and the humidity is 40% - 60%.

[0049] Moving the silkworms to the mountains: After the 3rd molt, move the silkworms to the wild silkworm field for rearing, and scatter 100 - 120 silkworms per tree stump.

[0050] This embodiment is further set as follows: The Salix viminalis is planted in a mixed pattern of two rows of narrow-leaved Salix viminalis and one row of broad-leaved Salix viminalis. The narrow-leaved Salix viminalis is used to rear silkworms of the 1st - 2nd instars, and the broad-leaved Salix viminalis is used to rear silkworms of the 3rd instar and above.

[0051] This embodiment is further set as follows: The disinfection steps include:

[0052] Disinfection of silkworm tools: Immerse them in 3% formaldehyde solution and then expose them to the sun or let them stand.

[0053] Disinfection of the greenhouse: Spray the silkworm field disinfectant. The dosage of the disinfectant is 8 - 10 bags per mu, and each bag of 15g is diluted with 15kg of water.

[0054] Environmental disinfection: Spray a 0.5% sodium hydroxide solution and sprinkle quicklime around the greenhouse.

[0055] This embodiment is further set as follows: During the ant collection operation, when collecting ants from the single-moth area of paper surface eggs, the egg paper needs to be cut and placed according to the single-moth area.

[0056] This embodiment is further set as follows: When moving the silkworms, use the method of twisting branches, put the silkworms together with the branches and leaves into a silkworm basket or plastic bag, and scatter them on the sunny side of the oak tree before sunrise.

[0057] The detailed connection means are well-known techniques in the art. The following mainly introduces the working principle and process. The specific work is as follows.

[0058] Example 1: Greenhouse construction and oak tree / Salix viminalis planting (a certain silkworm area in Liaoning)

[0059] Step description: Greenhouse construction: Structural parameters: Metal framework, width 15m, length 50m, height 3.5m, double-arch roof design; Covering material: Anti-drip plastic film + 40-mesh insect-proof net, with film rolling devices installed on both sides (lifting limit 1.6m); Auxiliary equipment: 2 ventilation fans on the greenhouse roof, heating equipment inside the greenhouse (fuel oil warm air blower), and a water well is 10m away from the greenhouse.

[0060] Oak tree planting: Variety selection: 3-year-old Quercus liaotungensis (strong cold resistance); Planting density: row spacing 1.2 m, plant spacing 60 cm, about 900 plants per mu; Management measures: Start sericulture in the third year after planting, prune dead branches every spring, and apply 200 kg / mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure).

[0061] Mixed planting with Salix viminalis: Narrow-leaved Salix viminalis: Cutting plant spacing 1.2 m, row spacing 60 cm, covered with black plastic film to keep moisture; Broad-leaved Salix viminalis: Cutting plant spacing 1.5 m, row spacing 60 cm, used in the following autumn; Mixed planting ratio: 2 rows of narrow-leaved Salix viminalis + 1 row of broad-leaved Salix viminalis, the proportion of narrow-leaved Salix viminalis is 70%.

[0062] Effect verification: In the third year after the greenhouse is built, the survival rate of 1st instar silkworms is increased from 70% of the traditional indoor rearing method to 95%; When using narrow-leaved Salix viminalis to rear 1st - 2nd instar silkworms and broad-leaved Salix viminalis to rear 3rd instar and later silkworms, the leaf utilization rate reaches 90% (only 60% when using pure narrow-leaved Salix viminalis for rearing).

[0063] Example 2: Whole process of rearing young silkworms (in the area of two broods and one release in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia)

[0064] Operation steps: Disinfection stage: Disinfection of sericulture tools: Soak the sericulture baskets and tree shears in formaldehyde solution (3%) for 6 hours, and no pathogens are detected after exposure to the sun; Greenhouse disinfection: Spray sericulture field disinfectant (15 g / 15 kg of water), 10 bags per mu, and the microbial residue amount is reduced by 98% after disinfection; Environmental disinfection: Spray 0.5% sodium hydroxide solution + quicklime on the periphery to block the invasion of external pests and diseases. Ant collection and rearing: Ant collection method: Mixed area collection of eggs on paper, place 300 eggs per tree stump, hatching rate 95%; Environmental control: Temperature 25°C ± 2°C (automatically controlled by heating equipment), humidity 50% ± 5% (adjusted by exhaust fans), ventilate for 1.5 hours every day;

[0065] Rearing management: Move the silkworms after the 2nd molt, and disperse the number of silkworms per tree stump from 300 to 3 tree stumps (100 silkworms per tree stump) to avoid overeating of leaves.

[0066] Moving silkworms to the mountains:

[0067] Time node: After all the silkworms reach the 3rd molt (the 28th day after ant collection), move the silkworms at 5 am; Transportation method: Line the sericulture baskets with non-toxic plastic film, load 2 - 3 tree stumps of silkworm branches per basket, transportation loss rate < 2%; Field release: Scatter the silkworms on the sunny side of 2-year-old oak trees, 120 silkworms per tree stump, and the tree climbing rate is 98% after 3 days.

[0068] Effect verification: Compared with traditional indoor rearing + natural release:

[0069]

[0070] Example 3: Economic benefit comparison (a large-scale sericulture farm in Heilongjiang)

[0071] Application scenario: Traditional indoor breeding + natural free-range mode: Breeding once a year, with an average breeding area of 100 mu per household, and the single yield of tussah cocoons being 8 kg / mu; The mode of the present invention: Breeding in spring and autumn (spring and autumn silkworms are in different silkworm farms), with an average breeding area of 200 mu per household (100 mu for each of spring and autumn), and the average single yield of tussah cocoons being 15 kg / mu.

[0072] Data comparison:

[0073] Direct benefit: Traditional: Annual income = 100 mu × 8 kg × 50 yuan / kg = 40,000 yuan;

[0074] The present invention: Annual income = 200 mu × 15 kg × 50 yuan / kg = 150,000 yuan (the net income after deducting costs is about 120,000 yuan).

[0075] Industrial chain benefits: Improvement in the quality of breeding cocoons: The abnormal moth rate drops from 15% to 5%, and the hatching rate increases from 70% to 90%; Processing output value: Due to the uniform specifications of cocoons and the improvement of silk quality, the processing loss rate drops from 20% to 8%.

[0076] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

Claims

1. A conservation greenhouse for rearing young tussah silkworms with planted oak trees inside and its usage method, characterized in that, It includes the following structures: Greenhouse framework: Made of metal materials, with columns set around. The height of the columns is 3m - 4m, fixed by cement bases. The greenhouse top is arched, with a width of 10m - 20m, and the length is set according to the terrain requirements; Covering material: The greenhouse top and the surroundings are covered with non - dripping plastic film. One card slot is set at the ground - contacting part on both sides and at 1.5m above the ground respectively. A 40 - mesh insect - proof net is fixed between the two card slots; Ventilation and temperature control device: Exhaust fans or skylights are installed on the greenhouse top. Temperature - adjustable heating equipment is configured inside the greenhouse. Reel - type film adjusters are set on both sides, with a maximum lifting limit of 1.6m, used to adjust the opening and closing amplitude of the plastic film; Water source and insect - proof door: A well is set near the greenhouse, and a 40 - mesh insect - proof screen door is installed inside the door; Plant planting area: Oaks or wormwood willows are planted inside the greenhouse. For oaks, the row spacing is 1m - 1.5m and the plant spacing is 50cm - 80cm. For wormwood willows, cuttage planting is adopted. The width of the seedbed is 80cm - 100cm, the cuttage plant spacing is 1.2m, and the row spacing is 60cm.

2. A conservation greenhouse for rearing young tussah silkworms by implanting oak trees as claimed in claim 1 and its usage method, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Planting management: Select 3 - to 5 - year - old oaks or cuttage wormwood willows, and mix - plant narrow - leaf wormwood willows and broad - leaf wormwood willows; Disinfection treatment: Conduct multi - level disinfection on the silkworm tools, the environment inside the greenhouse, and the egg surface; Ant collection operation: Adopt loose eggs, single - moth egg - laying bags, mixed - area or single - moth - area collection of ants. 250 - 300 newly hatched silkworms are placed on each tree stump; Environment regulation: Adjust the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse through the reel - type film adjusters, exhaust fans, and temperature control equipment. The temperature is 15℃ - 28℃, and the humidity is 40% - 60%; Moving silkworms to the mountain: After the 3rd molt is complete, move the silkworms to the wild silkworm field for rearing. 100 - 120 silkworms are scattered on each tree stump.

3. A conservation greenhouse for rearing young tussah silkworms by implanting oak trees as claimed in claim 1 and its usage method, characterized in that, For the wormwood willows, two rows of narrow - leaf wormwood willows and one row of broad - leaf wormwood willows are mixed - planted. The narrow - leaf wormwood willows are used to rear silkworms in the 1st - 2nd instars, and the broad - leaf wormwood willows are used to rear silkworms in the 3rd instar and above.

4. A conservation greenhouse for rearing young tussah silkworms by implanting oak trees as claimed in claim 2, and its usage method, characterized in that, The disinfection steps include: Silkworm tool disinfection: Immerse in 3% formaldehyde solution and then expose to the sun or let it stand; Greenhouse disinfection: Spray silkworm field disinfectant. 8 - 10 bags of the disinfectant are used per mu, and each bag of 15g is mixed with 15kg of water; Environment disinfection: Spray 0.5% sodium hydroxide solution and sprinkle quicklime around the greenhouse; 5. A conservation greenhouse for rearing young tussah silkworms by implanting oak trees and its usage method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the ant collection operation, when collecting ants from a single - moth area of paper - surface eggs, the egg paper needs to be cut and placed according to the single - moth area.

6. A conservation greenhouse for rearing young tussah silkworms by implanting oak trees as claimed in claim 2 and its usage method, characterized in that, When moving the silkworms, the twig - twisting method is adopted. Put the silkworms together with the branches and leaves into a silkworm basket or plastic bag, and scatter them on the sunny side of the oak trees before sunrise.

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