Wet filter for metal dust in workshop

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pollution treatment, in particular to a workshop metal dust wet filter which comprises a water tank, two filter tanks are arranged on the water tank, the upper portions of the two filter tanks are both connected and communicated with an air guide cylinder, and the front end of the air guide cylinder is rotatably connected and communicated with a first exhaust pipe; the outer wall of the first air suction pipe is connected and communicated with a branch pipe, air suction assemblies are arranged on the two filter boxes, circuit switching assemblies are further arranged on the filter boxes, rotating assemblies are arranged on the air suction assemblies, and a buffering assembly is arranged on the water tank. According to the invention, through the arrangement of the two groups of filter boxes, when parts in the filter boxes fail, are blocked and the like during continuous dust removal and filtering work, communication between the filter boxes and the air exhaust assembly is blocked by switching the position of the air exhaust assembly, and the air exhaust effect acts on the single filter box, so that the air exhaust effect is greatly improved under the condition of no shutdown; and parts in the other filter box can be maintained and replaced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pollution control, in particular to a wet filter for metal dust used in workshops. Background Art

[0002] During the production process in a metal processing workshop, processing operations such as cutting and grinding of metal products will generate metal powder to varying degrees. These metal powders floating in the air will not only pollute the environment, but also increase the risk of explosion in severe cases. Therefore, filters are needed in the workshop to capture and remove metal powders.

[0003] Existing wet filters often adopt an integrated design, with the water tank, water spray pipe, filter filler and negative pressure fan installed in the equipment from bottom to top. However, under the high-intensity production conditions of most factories today, the water spray pipe, filter filler and other internal components of the equipment need to be maintained or replaced within a certain period. However, during this process, the equipment needs to be shut down, resulting in the inability to remove dust and filter for a certain period of time, affecting the realization of the dust removal and filtration needs of the workshop. In addition, because the negative pressure fan needs to exhaust air, it is set at the top of the equipment, which requires personnel to operate at a high place during maintenance. Not only does it pose a certain safety risk, but when it cannot be maintained in one go, repeated climbing also leads to poor maintenance efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a wet filter for metal dust for use in a workshop.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a wet filter for metallic dust in a workshop, comprising a water tank, on which two filter boxes are arranged. The back surfaces of the two filter boxes are both open and provided with box doors. Inside the filter boxes, a spraying chamber and a filtering chamber are arranged from bottom to top. The lower part of the front surface of the filter box is provided with an air inlet. The upper parts of the two filter boxes are both connected and communicated with a gas guide tube. The front end of the gas guide tube extends to the front side of the filter box. The front end of the gas guide tube is rotatably connected and communicated with a first air extraction pipe. The outer wall of the first air extraction pipe is connected and communicated with a manifold pipe. The two manifold pipes are distributed in a front-back staggered manner. An air extraction assembly is arranged on the two filter boxes. A path switching assembly for switching the path between the air extraction assembly and the gas guide tube is also arranged on the filter box. The path switching assembly comprises a shunt plate, the side surface of the shunt plate is connected to the first air extraction pipe and the manifold pipe, through holes communicating with the first air extraction pipe and the manifold pipe are opened on the shunt plate, a switching plate is slidably mounted on the side surface of the shunt plate, a through hole is opened on the central plane of the switching plate and connected with a second air extraction pipe, the free end of the second air extraction pipe is rotatably connected to the air extraction assembly. By sliding the switching plate on the shunt plate, the air extraction assembly can move back and forth and switch the path connecting the filter box after moving. The path switching assembly further comprises a vertical frame, the vertical frame is connected to the water tank at the rear side of the filter box, guide rails II are connected to both side surfaces of the vertical frame, a sliding seat II is slidably mounted on the guide rails II, a motor frame is connected to the sliding seat II, a driving motor is mounted on the motor frame, the transmission shaft of the driving motor is connected with a driving gear, a driven gear is rotatably connected to the motor frame, the driving gear meshes with the driven gear, the central shaft of the driven gear is connected with a screw rod, a through hole is opened on the switching plate and connected to the screw rod through a rotating bearing, the screw rod extends forward and is in threaded connection with the air extraction chamber.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a rotating assembly for driving the shunt plate and the switching plate to rotate is arranged on the air extraction assembly. The rotating assembly can rotate the shunt plate and the switching plate from the upper side to the front side, changing the front-back sliding of the switching plate on the shunt plate into up-down sliding. A buffer assembly for providing buffer support when the air extraction assembly descends is arranged on the water tank.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, sealing rings are connected to the orifices of the through holes of the shunt plate communicating with the first air extraction pipe and the manifold pipe, and the sealing rings abut against the switching plate.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the air extraction assembly comprises an air extraction chamber, rollers are mounted on the bottom surface of the air extraction chamber, the free end of the second air extraction pipe is rotatably connected to the air extraction chamber through a flange bearing, the inside of the air extraction chamber is communicated with the second air extraction pipe, a blower chamber is connected to the air extraction chamber, a negative pressure blower is arranged in the blower chamber, and the outlet of the negative pressure blower penetrates through the air extraction chamber.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the buffer assembly includes a buffer cylinder, which is connected to the lower part of the vertical frame, a piston is provided inside the buffer cylinder, a pulley is connected to the top of the buffer cylinder, the pull rope passes through the buffer cylinder, a pulley is rotatably installed on the top of the vertical frame, the free end of the pull rope passes through the pulley and is connected to the motor frame, a reset spring is connected between the bottom surface of the piston and the buffer cylinder, and a number of small air holes are opened on the top surface of the buffer cylinder.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the middle part of the vertical frame is connected with a positioning plate on both sides of the pull rope, and the positioning plate is rotatably connected with a clamping frame. The two clamping frames respectively abut against the two sides of the pull rope. The surface of the clamping frame is provided with gear teeth corresponding to the position of the pull rope. The pull rope is a steel rope. A control rod is rotatably installed on one of the positioning plates, and the end of the control rod is connected to the central axis position of the clamping wheel. The vertical frame is connected with a positioning plate that abuts against the top surface.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a limiting hole is provided on the rear side of the branch plate, and a slider is connected to a position on the rear side of the switching plate corresponding to the limiting hole.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the rotating assembly includes a flip gear, the outer wall of the second exhaust pipe is connected to a ring-shaped flip gear, the side of the exhaust chamber is connected to a bracket, a toggle motor is installed on the bracket, the transmission shaft of the toggle motor is connected to the toggle gear, and the toggle gear is engaged with the flip gear.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. By setting up two groups of filter boxes, during the continuous dust removal and filtration work, when the components in the filter box fail or become clogged, the position of the exhaust assembly is switched to block the connection between the filter box and the exhaust assembly, and the exhaust effect is applied to a single filter box. In this way, the components in the other filter box can be maintained and replaced without stopping the machine, thereby extending the service life of the filtration equipment and ensuring effective dust removal and filtration of metal dust in the workshop during maintenance and replacement operations.

[0015] 2. Through the setting of the rotating component, when the exhaust component needs to be maintained, the branch plate and the switching plate can be rotated to the front side of the filter box, and the front and rear sliding function of the switching plate on the branch plate can be switched to the up and down sliding function, so that the exhaust component can fall from the upper side of the filter box to the front side of the filter box, thereby lowering the height of the exhaust component to facilitate the implementation of maintenance operations, and the switching plate can limit the exhaust component on the branch plate to provide support for the exhaust component, thereby improving the stability of the exhaust component during maintenance.

[0016] 3. By controlling the position of the circuit-changing component with the drive motor, while achieving the lifting in front of the filter box during the position change, it is also possible to switch the connection with the filter box through the position change. Compared with the method of directly using an electric valve to control the passage, it can achieve the purpose of multiple functions of a single device, and avoid the increased cost of using an electric valve, the high failure rate of the electric valve itself resulting in an increased failure rate of the device, and the increased difficulty in maintenance.

[0017] 4. Through the setting of the buffer component, during the automatic falling process of the air-changing component, it can generate resistance to control the falling speed of the air-changing component, thereby avoiding the risk of collision with people or objects caused by the too-fast falling speed of the air extraction chamber and improving the stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic front-side structure diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic rear-side structure diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 is a schematic rear-side structure diagram of the vertical frame of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic front-side structure diagram of the vertical frame of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic structure diagram of the shunt board of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 is a schematic structure diagram of the rotating component of the present invention.

[0024] Wherein: 10. Water tank; 11. Filter box; 12. Spray chamber; 13. Filter chamber; 14. Air guide cylinder; 15. First air extraction pipe; 16. Manifold pipe; 17. Shunt board; 18. Switching board; 19. Second air extraction pipe; 20. Air extraction chamber; 21. Fan chamber; 22. First guide rail; 23. First sliding seat; 24. Sealing ring; 25. Vertical frame; 26. Second guide rail; 27. Second sliding seat; 28. Motor frame; 29. Driving gear; 30. Driven gear; 31. Screw; 32. Buffer cylinder; 33. Piston; 34. Pulling rope; 35. Pulley; 36. Return spring; 37. Positioning plate; 38. Clamping frame; 39. Clamping wheel; 40. Control rod; 41. Limiting hole; 42. Slide block; 43. Reversing gear; 44. Dialing gear; 45. Dialing motor; 46. Driving motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects realized by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, the following embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in the implementation manners, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0026] Example: As Figures 1-6As shown in the figure, a wet filter for metal dust in a workshop includes a water tank 10. There are two groups of filter boxes 11 arranged on the water tank 10. The bottom of the filter box 11 is communicated with the inside of the water tank 10. The two groups of filter boxes 11 are distributed left and right. The back surfaces of the two groups of filter boxes 11 are both open and provided with box doors. Inside the filter box 11, a spray chamber 12 and a filtration chamber 13 are arranged from bottom to top. Water pipes and nozzles are evenly distributed on the spray chamber 12. The water pipes are used to connect water pumps, and the nozzles spray water to capture dust particles. A number of filter plates are slidably connected inside the filtration chamber 13, and filter fillers are filled in the filter plates to further filter the dust in the gas. The lower part of the front surface of the filter box 11 is provided with an air inlet. The upper parts of the two filter boxes 11 are both connected and communicated with a guide cylinder 14. The front end of the guide cylinder 14 extends to the front side of the filter box 11. The front end of the guide cylinder 14 is rotatably connected and communicated with a first extraction pipe 15 through a flange bearing. The first extraction pipe 15 is in a Z shape. The free ends of the two first extraction pipes 15 are both located at the horizontal center line position of the filter box 11. The outer wall of the first extraction pipe 15 is connected and communicated with a branch pipe 16. The pipe orifices at the free ends of the first extraction pipe 15 and the branch pipe 16 are parallel. The two branch pipes 16 are distributed in a front-back staggered manner. An air extraction assembly is arranged on the two groups of filter boxes 11. A negative pressure fan for realizing the air extraction function is arranged on the air extraction assembly. A path switching assembly for switching the path between the air extraction assembly and the guide cylinder 14 is also arranged on the filter box 11. The path switching assembly includes a shunt plate 17. The side surface of the shunt plate 17 is connected to the first extraction pipe 15 and the branch pipe 16. Through holes communicating with the first extraction pipe 15 and the branch pipe 16 are opened on the shunt plate 17. Guide rails 22 are connected to both the upper and lower surfaces of the shunt plate 17. A first sliding seat 23 is slidably installed on the guide rail 22. A switching plate 18 is connected to the first sliding seat 23. A through hole is opened on the central plane of the switching plate 18 and a second extraction pipe 19 is connected. The free end of the second extraction pipe 19 is rotatably connected to the air extraction assembly. By sliding the switching plate 18 on the shunt plate 17, the air extraction assembly can move back and forth and switch the path communicating with the filter box 11 after moving. A rotating assembly for driving the shunt plate 17 and the switching plate 18 to rotate is arranged on the air extraction assembly. The rotating assembly can rotate the shunt plate 17 and the switching plate 18 from the upper side of the filter box 11 to the front side of the filter box 11, changing the front-back sliding function of the switching plate 18 on the shunt plate 17 to an up-down sliding function. A buffer assembly for providing buffer support when the air extraction assembly descends is arranged on the water tank 10.

[0027] Specifically, in the normal state, the air extraction assembly is located at the horizontal center line position of the filter box 11. The air extraction assembly is connected to two first extraction pipes 15. Then, the negative pressure fan is started to generate an air extraction function. The metal dust in the workshop enters the filter box 11 through the air inlet along with the air flow. Then, the spray chamber 12 sprays water to capture dust particles, filters the metal dust. The captured metal dust flows into the water tank 10 along with the water for collection. The filtered air flow continues to flow upward in the filter box 11 under negative pressure. When passing through the filter chamber 13, it is secondarily filtered by the filtering filler to further filter the metal dust. The clean air flow after filtering the metal dust is sucked into by the negative pressure fan and then discharged through the outlet. When it is necessary to repair or replace the components inside the filter box 11, the air extraction assembly is pushed to make the switching plate 18 slide on the shunt plate 17, so that the second extraction pipe 19 corresponds to the manifold pipe 16 to be used, while the first extraction pipe 15 and the manifold pipe 16 on the other side are blocked by the switching plate 18, making the air extraction function of the air extraction assembly only correspond to a single filter box 11. Thus, the components inside the filter box 11 can be repaired and replaced without stopping the dust removal and filtration. When it is necessary to maintain the air extraction assembly, first, the air extraction assembly is pushed to the front side of the filter box 11, so that the rotation axis of the first extraction pipe 15 on the air guide cylinder 14 corresponds to the rotation axis of the second extraction pipe 19 on the air extraction assembly. The rotating assembly rotates the shunt plate 17 and the switching plate 18 forward by ninety degrees, so that the switching plate 18 can move up and down on the shunt plate 17, giving the air extraction assembly a lifting function. Thus, the air extraction assembly can be lowered from the upper side of the filter box 11 to the front side of the filter box 11 for operations such as maintaining the air extraction assembly.

[0028] As Figure 5 shown, a sealing ring 24 is connected to the through-hole orifices of the shunt plate 17 communicating with the first extraction pipe 15 and the manifold pipe 16, and the sealing ring 24 abuts against the switching plate 18.

[0029] Specifically, the sealing ring 24 is used to increase the sealing performance when the first extraction pipe 15 and the manifold pipe 16 are connected or blocked by the switching plate 18, thus ensuring the stability of the air extraction effect.

[0030] As Figure 2 and Figure 6 shown, the air extraction assembly includes an air extraction chamber 20. The bottom surface of the air extraction chamber 20 is equipped with rollers. The free end of the second extraction pipe 19 is rotatably connected to the air extraction chamber 20 through a flange bearing. The inside of the air extraction chamber 20 communicates with the second extraction pipe 19. A fan chamber 21 is connected to the air extraction chamber 20. A negative pressure fan (not shown in the figure) is provided in the fan chamber 21, and the outlet of the negative pressure fan penetrates through the air extraction chamber 20.

[0031] Specifically, by starting the negative pressure fan, the air extraction effect is used to extract air into the filter box 11 through the path of the air extraction bin 20 - the second air extraction pipe 19 - the switching plate 18 - the shunt plate 17 - the first air extraction pipe 15 or the branch pipe 16, so as to extract the metal dust in the workshop into the filter box 11 for wet dust removal filtration.

[0032] As Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the path-changing component further includes a vertical frame 25, the vertical frame 25 is connected to the water tank 10 on the rear side of the filter box 11, guide rails two 26 are connected to both side surfaces of the vertical frame 25, a sliding seat two 27 is slidably installed on the guide rails two 26, a motor frame 28 is connected to the sliding seat two 27, a driving motor 46 is installed on the motor frame 28, a driving shaft of the driving motor 46 is connected to a driving gear 29, a driven gear 30 is rotatably connected to the motor frame 28, the driving gear 29 meshes with the driven gear 30, a screw rod 31 is connected to a central shaft of the driven gear 30, the switching plate 18 is perforated and connected to the screw rod 31 through a rotating bearing, and the screw rod 31 extends forward and is threadedly connected to the air extraction bin 20.

[0033] Specifically, start the driving motor 46 to drive the driving gear 29 to rotate, the driven gear 30 drives the screw rod 31 to rotate through meshing with the driving gear 29, and then the air extraction bin 20 threadedly connected to the screw rod 31 moves back and forth along with the rotation direction of the screw rod 31. Driven by the back-and-forth movement, the air extraction bin 20 can realize the path change of switching to communicate with the first air extraction pipe 15 and the branch pipe 16, and can be positioned in front of the filter box 11 for dropping by the lifting of the switching plate 18 on the shunt plate 17.

[0034] As Figure 3 As shown, the buffer component includes a buffer cylinder 32, the buffer cylinder 32 is connected to the lower part of the vertical frame 25, a piston 33 is sleeved in the buffer cylinder 32, the piston 33 can slide up and down in the buffer cylinder 32, a pull rope 34 is connected to the top of the buffer cylinder 32, the pull rope 34 penetrates through the buffer cylinder 32, a pulley 35 is rotatably installed at the top of the vertical frame 25, a free end of the pull rope 34 passes through the pulley 35 and is connected to the motor frame 28, a return spring 36 is connected between the bottom surface of the piston 33 and the buffer cylinder 32, and a number of small air holes are opened on the top surface of the buffer cylinder 32.

[0035] Specifically, after the screw 31 rotates to drive the air extraction chamber 20 to move to the front side of the filtration box 11, the rotation assembly rotates the shunt plate 17 and the switching plate 18. After that, the ventilation assembly descends through the lifting function of the switching plate 18 on the shunt plate 17. The screw 31 connected to the air extraction chamber 20 drives the motor bracket 28 to slide on the vertical bracket 25. During the sliding process, the pull rope generates an upward pulling force on the piston 33, pulling the piston 33 to slide in the buffer cylinder 32. When the piston 33 slides in the buffer cylinder 32, it compresses the air in the buffer cylinder 32. However, the exhaust volume of the small pores on the buffer cylinder 32 is limited, and the compressed air generates resistance to the piston 33, thereby restricting the pulling force of the pull rope. Finally, the descending speed of the air extraction chamber 20 is restricted, avoiding the risk of collision with people or objects due to the too-fast descending speed of the air extraction chamber 20.

[0036] As Figure 3 shown, positioning plates 37 are connected to both sides of the middle part of the vertical bracket 25 on both sides of the pull rope 34. A clamping bracket 38 is rotatably connected to the positioning plate 37. The two clamping brackets 38 respectively abut against both sides of the pull rope 34. Tooth grooves are provided on the surface of the clamping bracket 38 corresponding to the position of the pull rope 34. The pull rope 34 is made of steel wire rope. A control rod 40 is rotatably installed on one of the positioning plates 37. The control rod 40 is Z-shaped, and the end of the control rod 40 is connected to the central axis position of the clamping wheel 39. A positioning plate 37 that abuts against the top surface is connected to the vertical bracket 25.

[0037] Specifically, operating the control rod 40 drives the clamping wheel 39 to rotate, and the pull rope 34 is pulled by clamping the pull rope 34 through the clamping wheel 39, so that the air extraction assembly can be lifted to the upper side of the filtration box 11. Then, the driving motor 46 drives the screw 31 to rotate to move the air extraction assembly to the upper side of the filtration box 11 to achieve reset. After the pull rope 34 is pulled, the return spring 36 pulls the piston 33 back to its original position by rebounding. The positioning plate 37 is used to limit the highest position of pulling the pull rope 34, and this highest position is the position where the air extraction assembly corresponds to the upper side of the filtration box 11.

[0038] As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, a long strip-shaped limiting hole 41 is provided at the rear side of the shunt plate 17, and a slider 42 is connected to the rear side of the switching plate 18 corresponding to the position of the limiting hole 41.

[0039] Specifically, when the switching plate 18 slides to the bottom on the shunt plate 17, the descending degree of the air extraction assembly is limited by the engagement of the bottom side of the limiting hole 41 and the slider 42, and a supporting effect is generated on both sides of the air extraction assembly.

[0040] As Figure 6As shown, the rotating assembly includes a flip gear 43, the outer wall of the exhaust pipe 19 is connected to a ring-shaped flip gear 43, the side of the exhaust chamber 20 is connected to a bracket, a toggle motor 45 is installed on the bracket, the transmission shaft of the toggle motor 45 is connected to the toggle gear 44, the toggle gear 44 is engaged with the flip gear 43, and the toggle motor 45 adopts a self-locking motor model.

[0041] Specifically, when the exhaust assembly moves to the point where the rotation axis of the exhaust pipe 15 on the air guide cylinder 14 corresponds to the rotation axis of the exhaust pipe 2 19 on the exhaust chamber 20, the toggle motor 45 is started to drive the toggle gear 44 to rotate. The toggle gear 44 drives the exhaust pipe 2 19 to rotate by engaging with the flip gear 43, thereby driving the branch plate 17 and the switching plate 18 to rotate from horizontal to vertical. Then, when the sliding trajectory of the switching plate 18 on the branch plate 17 is consistent with the sliding trajectory of the motor frame 28 on the vertical frame 25, the toggle motor 45 is stopped and self-locked, and the exhaust assembly automatically descends until the slider 42 contacts the limit hole 41, thereby allowing the exhaust assembly to descend from a high place to a low place for maintenance and inspection.

[0042] It should be noted that the motion control of the device structure is achieved by setting up sensors, which is a well-known technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0043] Working principle:

[0044] Before use: The negative pressure fan is started, and the metal dust in the workshop is sucked into the air inlet of the filter box 11 along with the air. After the dust removal and filtration in the spray chamber 12 and the filter chamber 13, a large amount of metal dust falls into the water tank 10, and a small amount of metal dust is filtered out by the filter filler.

[0045] During use: The first step is that when it is necessary to maintain or replace the components in the filter box 11, the drive motor 46 starts to push the vacuum chamber 20 to move, so that the vacuum pipe 2 19 corresponds to the manifold pipe 16 on one side of the filter box 11. At this time, the filter box 11 on the other side is blocked, so that the components in the filter box 11 can be maintained or replaced without stopping the machine.

[0046] In the second step, when it is necessary to maintain or replace the components such as the negative pressure fan located above the filter box 11, the drive motor 46 is started to push the fan compartment 21 to the front side of the filter box 11 until the rotation axes of the air guide cylinder 14 and the exhaust pipe 19 are aligned, and then the motor 45 is turned to start and drive the branch plate 17 and the switching plate 18 to rotate ninety degrees. When the sliding trajectory of the switching plate 18 on the branch plate 17 is consistent with the sliding trajectory of the motor frame 28 on the vertical frame 25, the exhaust assembly automatically descends to a lower position for maintenance and replacement.

[0047] After use: After maintenance or replacement, perform the above steps in reverse to reset.

[0048] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A wet filter for metallic dust in a workshop, comprising a water tank (10), characterized in that, There are two sets of filter boxes (11) arranged on the water tank (10). The back surfaces of the two sets of filter boxes (11) are both open and provided with box doors. Inside the filter box (11), a spray chamber (12) and a filter chamber (13) are arranged from bottom to top. An air inlet is provided at the lower part of the front surface of the filter box (11). The upper parts of the two filter boxes (11) are both connected and communicated with a gas guide cylinder (14). The front end of the gas guide cylinder (14) extends to the front side of the filter box (11). The front end of the gas guide cylinder (14) is rotatably connected and communicated with a first suction pipe (15). A manifold pipe (16) is connected and communicated with the outer wall of the first suction pipe (15). The two manifold pipes (16) are distributed in a front-back staggered manner. An air extraction component is arranged on the two sets of filter boxes (11). A path switching component for switching the passage between the air extraction component and the gas guide cylinder (14) is also arranged on the filter box (11). The path switching component includes a shunt plate (17). The side surface of the shunt plate (17) is connected to the first suction pipe (15) and the manifold pipe (16). Through holes communicating with the first suction pipe (15) and the manifold pipe (16) are opened on the shunt plate (17). A switching plate (18) is slidably installed on the side surface of the shunt plate (17). A central surface of the switching plate (18) is provided with an opening and connected to a second suction pipe (19). The free end of the second suction pipe (19) is rotatably connected to the air extraction component. By sliding the switching plate (18) on the shunt plate (17), the air extraction component can move back and forth and switch the passage connecting the filter box (11) after moving. A rotating component for driving the shunt plate (17) and the switching plate (18) to rotate is arranged on the air extraction component. The rotating component can rotate the shunt plate (17) and the switching plate (18) from the upper side to the front side, changing the front-back sliding of the switching plate (18) on the shunt plate (17) into up-down sliding. A buffer component for providing buffer support when the air extraction component descends is arranged on the water tank (10).

2. The wet filter for metallic dust in a workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that, Sealing rings (24) are connected to the orifices of the through holes on the shunt plate (17) communicating with the first suction pipe (15) and the manifold pipe (16). The sealing rings (24) abut against the switching plate (18).

3. The wet filter for metallic dust in a workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air extraction component includes an air extraction chamber (20). Rollers are installed on the bottom surface of the air extraction chamber (20). The free end of the second suction pipe (19) is rotatably connected to the air extraction chamber (20) through a flange bearing. The inside of the air extraction chamber (20) is communicated with the second suction pipe (19). A blower chamber (21) is connected to the air extraction chamber (20). A negative pressure blower is arranged in the blower chamber (21). The outlet of the negative pressure blower penetrates through the air extraction chamber (20).

4. The wet filter for metallic dust in a workshop according to claim 3, characterized in that, The switching assembly further comprises a vertical frame (25), the vertical frame (25) being connected to the water tank (10) at the rear side of the filter box (11), the two sides of the vertical frame (25) being connected to a guide rail 2 (26), a slide seat 2 (27) being slidably mounted on the guide rail 2 (26), a motor frame (28) being connected to the slide seat 2 (27), a driving motor (46) being mounted on the motor frame (28), a transmission shaft of the driving motor (46) being connected to a driving gear (29), a driven gear (30) being rotatably connected to the motor frame (28), the driving gear (29) being meshed with the driven gear (30), a central axis of the driven gear (30) being connected to a screw (31), a hole being opened on the switching plate (18) and being connected to the screw (31) through a rotating bearing, the screw (31) extending forward and being threadedly connected to the air extraction chamber (20).

5. The wet filter for metallic dust in a workshop according to claim 4, characterized in that, The buffer assembly includes a buffer cylinder (32), the buffer cylinder (32) is connected to the lower part of the vertical frame (25), a piston (33) is sleeved in the buffer cylinder (32), a pull rope (34) is connected to the top of the buffer cylinder (32), the pull rope (34) runs through the buffer cylinder (32), a pulley (35) is rotatably installed on the top of the vertical frame (25), the free end of the pull rope (34) passes through the pulley (35) and is connected to the motor frame (28), a reset spring (36) is connected between the bottom surface of the piston (33) and the buffer cylinder (32), and a plurality of fine air holes are opened on the top surface of the buffer cylinder (32).

6. The wet filter for metallic dust in a workshop according to claim 5, characterized in that, The middle part of the vertical frame (25) is connected to a positioning plate (37) on both sides of the pull rope (34), and a clamping frame (38) is rotatably connected to the positioning plate (37). The two clamping frames (38) respectively contact the two sides of the pull rope (34). The surface of the clamping frame (38) is provided with gear teeth corresponding to the position of the pull rope (34). The pull rope (34) is a steel rope. A control rod (40) is rotatably installed on one of the positioning plates (37). The end of the control rod (40) is connected to the central axis position of the clamping wheel (39). The vertical frame (25) is connected to a positioning plate (37) that contacts the top surface.

7. The wet filter for metallic dust in a workshop according to claim 4, characterized in that, A limiting hole (41) is provided on the rear side of the branch plate (17), and a slider (42) is connected to a position on the rear side of the switching plate (18) corresponding to the limiting hole (41).

8. A wet filter for metallic dust in a workshop according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rotating assembly includes a flip gear (43), the outer wall of the second air extraction pipe (19) is connected to a ring-shaped flip gear (43), the side of the air extraction chamber (20) is connected to a bracket, a toggle motor (45) is installed on the bracket, the transmission shaft of the toggle motor (45) is connected to a toggle gear (44), and the toggle gear (44) is engaged with the flip gear (43).

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