Finish machining device for special-shaped surfaces of precision parts

Abstract

The invention discloses a precision part special-shaped surface finish machining device, and belongs to the technical field of precision part machining. The precision part special-shaped surface finish machining device comprises a base, a vertically-arranged frame is arranged on the base, a horizontal moving structure is arranged at the bottom of the base, a machining lifting structure is arranged on the frame, and the machining lifting structure is in sliding fit with the frame; an angle swing structure is arranged on the machining lifting structure, the angle swing structure is rotationally connected with the machining lifting structure, and an electric spark machining head is arranged on the angle swing structure. In the process of finish machining of parts, the electric spark machining head can rotate and can also move up and down to be adjusted during rotation, the machining position can be accurately controlled, machining of complex shapes can be adapted, and the surface quality is improved; and even discharge further improves the flatness and smoothness of the machined surface and reduces discharge defects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of precision component processing, and particularly relates to a fine machining device for the special-shaped surfaces of precision components. Background Art

[0002] In modern manufacturing, the performance and precision requirements for components in many fields such as aerospace, automotive, mold, and electronics are constantly increasing. More and more components need to adopt special-shaped surface designs to meet specific functional requirements. For example, in order to improve the aerodynamic efficiency, the blades of aero-engines have complex twisted special-shaped surfaces; there are also various special-shaped chambers and channels inside the cylinder block of an automotive engine; precision molds need to machine high-precision special-shaped cavities to form products with complex shapes. The machining precision and surface quality of these special-shaped surfaces directly affect the performance and service life of the products. Traditional machining methods are difficult to meet the requirements, which has promoted the application of special machining technologies such as electrical discharge machining in the fine machining of special-shaped surfaces.

[0003] However, in the current process of using electrical discharge machining to finely machine components with special-shaped surfaces, the machining position of the electrical discharge machining cannot be adjusted according to the shape of the special-shaped surface, resulting in a deviation between the machined special-shaped surface and the designed shape, and reducing the machining dimensional accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] An embodiment of the present invention provides a fine machining device for the special-shaped surfaces of precision components to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A fine machining device for the special-shaped surfaces of precision components includes a base. A vertically arranged frame is provided on the base. A horizontal movement structure is provided at the bottom of the base. A machining lifting structure is provided on the frame. The machining lifting structure is slidably matched with the frame. An angle swing structure is provided on the machining lifting structure. The angle swing structure is rotatably connected to the machining lifting structure. An electrical discharge machining head is provided on the angle swing structure. The angle swing structure can drive the angle of the electrical discharge machining head to swing for finely machining the components.

[0006] Further, the horizontal movement structure includes two symmetrically arranged electric horizontal slides. The two electric horizontal slides are symmetrically arranged, and the base is located on the moving ends of the two electric horizontal slides.

[0007] Furthermore, the processing lifting structure includes a lifting motor, a mounting base, a lifting frame, a first lifting plate, and a second lifting plate. The mounting base is arranged on the base, the lifting motor is located on the mounting base, the lifting frame is located on the frame and is in sliding fit with the frame. One end of the first lifting plate is connected to the main shaft of the lifting motor, and both ends of the second lifting plate are respectively hinged to the other end of the first lifting plate and the bottom of the lifting frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the angle swinging structure includes a front swinging assembly, a swinging lifting assembly, and a rotating swinging assembly. The front swinging assembly is arranged on the lifting frame and is rotatably connected to the lifting frame. The swinging lifting assembly is arranged on the front swinging assembly and is in sliding fit with the front swinging assembly. One end of the rotating swinging assembly is connected to the lifting frame, and the other end of the rotating swinging assembly is located on the swinging lifting assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the front swinging assembly includes a swinging frame and a swinging motor. The swinging frame is located at the end of the lifting frame and is rotatably connected to the lifting frame. The swinging motor is located at the bottom of the lifting frame, and the main shaft of the swinging motor is in transmission connection with the swinging frame. A sliding groove is provided on the swinging frame.

[0010] Furthermore, the swinging lifting assembly includes a driving motor, a driving lead screw, and a lifting slider. The driving motor is located at the bottom of the swinging frame. The driving lead screw is vertically rotatably connected to the side wall of the sliding groove and is in transmission connection with the driving motor. The lifting slider is slidably connected in the sliding groove and is in threaded connection with the driving lead screw.

[0011] Furthermore, the rotating swinging assembly includes a rotating motor, a rotating rod, and a rotating driving column. The rotating motor is located on the lifting frame. A main driving column is provided on the main shaft of the rotating motor. A cross bar is rotatably connected to the main driving column. Connecting driving columns are provided at both ends of the rotating rod, and the connecting driving columns are rotatably connected to the cross bar. The rotating driving column is rotatably connected to the lifting slider, and a cross bar is also rotatably connected to the rotating driving column, and the cross bar is rotatably connected to the rotating driving column.

[0012] Furthermore, the electric discharge machining head is provided with a mounting box, and the mounting box is fixedly connected to the rotating driving column.

[0013] The above at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: First, when the present invention drives the electric discharge machining head to rotate for precision machining of components, the rotation motor operates to drive the main drive column to rotate. When the main drive column rotates, it drives the connecting drive column to rotate through the cross bar, thereby causing the rotating rod to rotate. When the rotating rod rotates, it drives the rotating drive column to rotate on the lifting slider through the rotation of another connecting drive column and another cross bar. When the rotating drive column rotates, it drives the electric discharge machining head to rotate. While rotating, the driving motor operates to drive the driving lead screw to rotate on the swinging frame, which drives the lifting slider to move up and down in the sliding groove. The up and down movement of the position of the lifting slider drives the position of the electric discharge machining head to move up and down for adjustment. During the precision machining of components, the electric discharge machining head can not only rotate but also move up and down during rotation for adjustment, which can accurately control the machining position, adapt to machining of complex shapes, improve the surface quality, evenly discharge to further improve the flatness and smoothness of the machining surface and reduce discharge defects.

[0014] Second, when the present invention drives the angular position of the electric discharge machining head to swing, the swinging motor operates to drive the swinging frame to swing left and right on the lifting frame; it can adapt to complex curved surface machining, improve machining flexibility, optimize the discharge state, and reduce electrode loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the machining lifting structure and the front swinging assembly in the present invention; Figure 4 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the rotating and swinging assembly in the present invention; Figure 5 is Figure 4 the enlarged view of part A in Figure 6 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the swinging and lifting assembly in the present invention; Reference Numerals: Base 1, frame 11, horizontal movement structure 2, electric horizontal slide 21, machining lifting structure 3, lifting motor 31, mounting seat 32, lifting frame 33, first lifting plate 34, second lifting plate 35, angular swing structure 4, front swing assembly 41, swing frame 411, swing motor 412, sliding groove 413, swing lifting assembly 42, drive motor 421, drive lead screw 422, lifting slider 423, rotary swing assembly 43, rotary motor 430, rotary rod 431, rotary drive column 432, main drive column 433, cross bar 434, connecting drive column 435, electric discharge machining head 5, mounting box 51. Detailed implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments and corresponding drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The following will, in conjunction with the drawings, elaborate on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention for a fine machining device for the special-shaped surfaces of precision parts.

[0018] Refer to Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a fine machining device for the special-shaped surfaces of precision parts, including a base 1. A vertically arranged frame 11 is provided on the base 1. A horizontal movement structure 2 is provided at the bottom of the base 1. A machining lifting structure 3 is provided on the frame 11. The machining lifting structure 3 is slidably engaged with the frame 11. An angular swing structure 4 is provided on the machining lifting structure 3. The angular swing structure 4 is rotatably connected to the machining lifting structure 3. An electric discharge machining head 5 is provided on the angular swing structure 4. The angular swing structure 4 can drive the angle of the electric discharge machining head 5 to swing for fine machining of parts.

[0019] It should be noted that the electric discharge machining head 5 can perform fine machining on the following parts; Electric discharge machining is to perform fine machining on parts through electro-erosion. The main common methods are as follows: Electric discharge profiling machining: Principle: Utilize the pulsed discharge between the profiling electrode and the workpiece to generate high temperature to locally melt and vaporize the workpiece material. The shape of the electrode will be replicated onto the workpiece, thereby realizing the machining of parts.

[0020] Applications: Commonly used in processing various cavity molds with complex shapes, such as plastic molds, die-casting molds, etc., and can also be used for processing some parts with special shapes, such as impellers, blades, etc.

[0021] Wire electrical discharge machining: Principle: Using a moving thin metal wire such as molybdenum wire or copper wire as the electrode, a pulsed voltage is applied between the wire and the workpiece to generate an electrical discharge, and the workpiece is cut. By controlling the movement of the worktable, various two-dimensional shapes can be cut.

[0022] Applications: Widely used in processing various precision two-dimensional parts, such as punches, dies, and stripper plates of blanking molds, and can also be used for processing some electronic parts and precision mechanical parts with complex shapes.

[0023] Small hole electrical discharge machining: Principle: Using a special small hole machining electrode to machine a small-diameter hole on the workpiece. Usually, a tubular electrode is used, and the working fluid is introduced into the electrode to cool and discharge chips. Through electrical discharge, the workpiece material is gradually removed to form a small hole.

[0024] Applications: Mainly used for processing various parts that require small holes, such as cooling holes on aero-engine blades, spray holes of fuel injectors, etc. The diameter of these small holes is usually between 0.1 - 2mm, and high requirements are placed on machining accuracy and surface quality.

[0025] Electrical discharge grinding: Principle: The tool electrode is made into a grinding wheel shape, and grinding is carried out through the electrical discharge between the rotating electrode and the workpiece. A certain discharge gap is maintained between the electrode and the workpiece, and the discharge energy melts and vaporizes the workpiece surface material, thereby realizing the grinding of the workpiece surface.

[0026] Applications: Suitable for processing high-hardness and high-melting-point metal materials, such as cemented carbide, hardened steel, etc., and can be used for grinding the outer circle, inner circle, plane, etc. of precision parts to obtain high dimensional accuracy and surface finish.

[0027] Specifically, the horizontal movement structure 2 includes two symmetrically arranged electric horizontal slides 21. The two electric horizontal slides 21 are symmetrically arranged, and the base 1 is located on the moving ends of the two electric horizontal slides 21.

[0028] When the two electric horizontal slides 21 work simultaneously, they will drive the position of the base 1 to move horizontally. During the precision machining of parts, the electrical discharge machining head 5 can be driven to move to the side of the parts for subsequent precision machining operations.

[0029] Specifically, the processing lifting structure 3 includes a lifting motor 31, a mounting seat 32, a lifting frame 33, a first lifting plate 34 and a second lifting plate 35. The mounting seat 32 is set on the base 1, the lifting motor 31 is located on the mounting seat 32, the lifting frame 33 is located on the frame 11 and the lifting frame 33 slides with the frame 11. One end of the first lifting plate 34 is connected to the main shaft of the lifting motor 31, and the two ends of the second lifting plate 35 are respectively hinged to the other end of the first lifting plate 34 and the bottom of the lifting frame 33.

[0030] During the process of finishing parts at different heights, the lifting motor 31 drives the first lifting plate 34 to rotate. The rotation of the first lifting plate 34 drives the second lifting plate 35 to rotate on the lifting frame 33, thereby driving the position of the lifting frame 33 to move up and down on the frame 11, which in turn drives the position of the EDM head 5 to move in the vertical direction. This has the following advantages when finishing parts: Precise positioning: The EDM head 5 can be accurately moved to the designated position according to the processing requirements of different height positions of parts, ensuring the accuracy of the processing position, thereby improving the processing accuracy and meeting the high-precision processing requirements of parts.

[0031] Adapt to complex shapes: For complex-shaped parts with different height characteristics, the height of the processing head can be flexibly adjusted so that it can be processed along the contour of the part, effectively solving the processing difficulties caused by the height changes of the parts and expanding the application scope of EDM.

[0032] Specifically, the angle swing structure 4 includes a front swing component 41, a swing lifting component 42 and a rotation swing component 43. The front swing component 41 is arranged on the lifting frame 33 and is rotatably connected to the lifting frame 33. The swing lifting component 42 is arranged on the front swing component 41. The swing lifting component 42 and the front swing component 41 are slidingly matched. One end of the rotation swing component 43 is connected to the lifting frame 33, and the other end of the rotation swing component 43 is located on the swing lifting component 42.

[0033] Specifically, the front swing assembly 41 includes a swing frame 411 and a swing motor 412. The swing frame 411 is located at the end position of the lifting frame 33. The swing frame 411 is rotationally connected to the lifting frame 33. The swing motor 412 is located at the bottom of the lifting frame 33. The main shaft of the swing motor 412 is transmission-connected to the swing frame 411. A slide groove 413 is provided on the swing frame 411.

[0034] When the angular position of the EDM head 5 is driven to swing, the swing motor 412 drives the swing frame 411 to swing left and right on the lifting frame 33, which has the following advantages: Adaptable to complex curved surface processing: It can make the angle of the EDM head 5 consistent with the normal direction of the complex curved surface or reach the optimal processing angle, ensuring that the discharge energy acts evenly on the workpiece surface, improving the processing accuracy and surface quality. It is especially suitable for the processing of complex curved surface parts such as impellers and blades in the aerospace field.

[0035] Improve processing flexibility: The processing head can flexibly adjust the angle according to different processing parts and shape requirements. For some parts with inclined surfaces, grooves, bosses and other features, they can be processed from different angles, avoiding processing blind spots, expanding the processing range, reducing dependence on special fixtures or multi-axis linkage equipment, and reducing processing costs.

[0036] Optimize discharge state: By adjusting the machining head angle, the discharge gap and electric field distribution between the electrode and the workpiece can be optimized, making the discharge more stable, reducing the occurrence of arc discharge and short circuit, improving machining efficiency and stability, and also helping to extend the service life of the electrode and workpiece.

[0037] Reduce electrode loss: A reasonable machining head angle can make the electrode loss more uniform during the machining process, avoiding excessive wear of the electrode due to excessive concentration of local discharge, thereby increasing the service life of the electrode, reducing machining costs, and helping to ensure machining accuracy, because uneven electrode loss may lead to deviations in the machined shape.

[0038] Specifically, the swing lifting assembly 42 includes a drive motor 421, a drive screw 422 and a lifting slider 423. The drive motor 421 is located at the bottom of the swing frame 411, and the drive screw 422 is vertically rotatably connected to the side wall of the slide groove 413. The drive screw 422 and the drive motor 421 are transmission-connected, and the lifting slider 423 is slidingly connected in the slide groove 413 and the lifting slider 423 and the drive screw 422 are threadedly connected.

[0039] Specifically, the rotating and swinging assembly 43 includes a rotating motor 430, a rotating rod 431 and a rotating drive column 432. The rotating motor 430 is located on the lifting frame 33. The main shaft of the rotating motor 430 is provided with a main drive column 433. The main drive column 433 is provided with a cross rod 434 for rotational connection. Both ends of the rotating rod 431 are provided with connecting drive columns 435. The connecting drive columns 435 are rotationally connected to the cross rod 434. The rotating drive column 432 is rotationally connected to the lifting slider 423. The rotating drive column 432 is also provided with a cross rod 434 for rotational connection. The cross rod 434 is rotationally connected to the rotating drive column 432.

[0040] When driving the EDM head 5 to rotate for precision machining of parts, the rotation motor 430 operates to drive the main drive column 433 to rotate. When the main drive column 433 rotates, it drives the connecting drive column 435 to rotate through the cross bar 434, thereby causing the rotating rod 431 to rotate. When the rotating rod 431 rotates, it drives the rotating drive column 432 to rotate on the lifting slider 423 through the rotation of another connecting drive column 435 and the rotation of another cross bar 434. When the rotating drive column 432 rotates, it drives the EDM head 5 to rotate. While rotating, the driving motor 421 operates to drive the driving lead screw 422 to rotate on the swing frame 411, which drives the lifting slider 423 to move up and down in the chute 413. The up and down movement of the position of the lifting slider 423 drives the position of the EDM head 5 to be adjusted up and down. During the process of precision machining of parts, the EDM head 5 can not only rotate but also move up and down for adjustment while rotating, which has the following advantages: Precisely control the machining position: The rotational movement can evenly wear the electrode of the EDM head 5, ensuring the consistency of machining. At the same time, the up and down movement can precisely adjust the machining depth, enabling the machining head to accurately reach each machining position according to the specific shape and size requirements of the parts, achieving high-precision machining.

[0041] Adapt to complex shape machining: For parts with complex curved surfaces, irregular holes or special textures, the combination of the rotation and up and down movement of the machining head can better meet the machining requirements of these complex shapes. By rotating, the angle of the electrode can be changed to machine the curved surface in the best direction; the up and down movement can precisely control the trajectory along the contour of the curved surface, thus machining complex shapes that meet the design requirements.

[0042] Uniform discharge: The rotational movement enables all parts of the electrode to participate in the discharge evenly during the discharge machining process, avoiding the problem of uneven surface roughness caused by overly concentrated local discharge. At the same time, the up and down movement can evenly distribute the discharge energy at different depths, further improving the flatness and smoothness of the machining surface. For example, when machining an optical lens mold, this movement method can make the mold surface reach extremely high smoothness, meeting the high-precision requirements of lens production.

[0043] Reduce discharge defects: The rotation and up and down movement of the machining head help to improve the discharge environment, enabling the heat and erosion products generated by the discharge to be discharged in a timely manner, reducing the generation of discharge defects such as carbon deposition and burning. This is very important for improving the surface quality and performance of parts, especially for some parts with extremely high surface quality requirements, such as the blades of an aeroengine.

[0044] Specifically, the electric discharge machining head 5 is provided with an installation box 51, and the installation box 51 is fixedly connected to the rotary drive column 432.

[0045] The installation box 51 installs and fixes the electric discharge machining head 5. The rotation of the rotary drive column 432 can drive the installation box 51 to rotate, thereby driving the electric discharge machining head 5 to rotate, so as to perform precision machining operations on parts.

[0046] The above are only embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A finishing device for special-shaped surfaces of precision parts, characterized in that, It includes a base (1), on which a vertically arranged frame (11) is provided. A horizontal movement structure (2) is provided at the bottom of the base (1). A processing lifting structure (3) is provided on the frame (11). The processing lifting structure (3) is slidably matched with the frame (11). An angle swing structure (4) is provided on the processing lifting structure (3). The angle swing structure (4) is rotatably connected to the processing lifting structure (3). An electric discharge machining head (5) is provided on the angle swing structure (4). The angle swing structure (4) can drive the angle of the electric discharge machining head (5) to swing for precision machining of parts.

2. The finish machining device for special-shaped surfaces of precision parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal movement structure (2) includes two symmetrically arranged electric horizontal slides (21). The two electric horizontal slides (21) are symmetrically arranged, and the base (1) is located on the moving ends of the two electric horizontal slides (21).

3. A finishing device for special-shaped surfaces of precision parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing lifting structure (3) includes a lifting motor (31), a mounting seat (32), a lifting frame (33), a first lifting plate (34), and a second lifting plate (35). The mounting seat (32) is arranged on the base (1). The lifting motor (31) is located on the mounting seat (32). The lifting frame (33) is located on the frame (11) and is slidably matched with the frame (11). One end of the first lifting plate (34) is connected to the main shaft of the lifting motor (31). The two ends of the second lifting plate (35) are respectively hinged to the other end of the first lifting plate (34) and the bottom of the lifting frame (33).

4. A finishing device for special-shaped surfaces of precision parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The angle swing structure (4) includes a front swing assembly (41), a swing lifting assembly (42), and a rotary swing assembly (43). The front swing assembly (41) is arranged on the lifting frame (33) and is rotatably connected to the lifting frame (33). The swing lifting assembly (42) is arranged on the front swing assembly (41). The swing lifting assembly (42) is slidably matched with the front swing assembly (41). One end of the rotary swing assembly (43) is connected to the lifting frame (33), and the other end of the rotary swing assembly (43) is located on the swing lifting assembly (42).

5. The finishing device for special-shaped surfaces of precision parts according to claim 4, wherein: The front swing assembly (41) includes a swing frame (411) and a swing motor (412). The swing frame (411) is located at the end of the lifting frame (33). The swing frame (411) is rotatably connected to the lifting frame (33). The swing motor (412) is located at the bottom of the lifting frame (33). The main shaft of the swing motor (412) is drivingly connected to the swing frame (411). A chute (413) is provided on the swing frame (411).

6. The finish machining device for special-shaped surfaces of precision parts according to claim 5, wherein: The swing lifting assembly (42) includes a driving motor (421), a driving lead screw (422) and a lifting slider (423). The driving motor (421) is located at the bottom of the swing frame (411). The driving lead screw (422) is vertically rotatably connected to the side wall of the sliding groove (413). There is a transmission connection between the driving lead screw (422) and the driving motor (421). The lifting slider (423) is slidably connected in the sliding groove (413) and is threadedly connected to the driving lead screw (422).

7. The finishing device for special-shaped surfaces of precision parts according to claim 6, wherein: The rotary swing assembly (43) includes a rotary motor (430), a rotary rod (431) and a rotary driving column (432). The rotary motor (430) is located on the lifting frame (33). A main driving column (433) is provided on the main shaft of the rotary motor (430). A cross bar (434) is rotatably connected to the main driving column (433). Connecting driving columns (435) are provided at both ends of the rotary rod (431). There is a rotary connection between the connecting driving column (435) and the cross bar (434). The rotary driving column (432) is rotatably connected to the lifting slider (423). A cross bar (434) is also rotatably connected to the rotary driving column (432). There is a rotary connection between the cross bar (434) and the rotary driving column (432).

8. The finishing device for special-shaped surfaces of precision parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electric discharge machining head (5) is provided with a mounting box (51). There is a fixed connection between the mounting box (51) and the rotary driving column (432).

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