Hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of self-opening and closing fabrics, and particularly relates to a hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric and a preparation method thereof. The self-opening and closing fabric is prepared by taking the hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended fabric as the driven layer and the high-water-absorption material as the driving layer, and the skin friendliness and comfort of the driven layer are improved by optimizing the hydrophilic / hydrophobic fiber blending ratio in the driven layer, optimizing the compounding ratio of the driven layer and the driving layer and optimizing the structure of the driving layer; the binding force of the driving layer and the driven layer is improved, the defect of window closing delay caused by response lag of the hydrophobic driven layer in the prior art is overcome, and a new paradigm is provided for development of intelligent humidifying fabric with low cost, high durability and fast response.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of self-opening and closing fabrics, and in particular relates to a self-opening and closing fabric blended with hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Moisture-controlling, self-closing fabrics are intelligent textiles that automatically adjust their breathability based on changes in ambient humidity or perspiration. They are gaining popularity in emerging fields such as high-performance sportswear, outdoor protective clothing, individual combat uniforms, space suit linings, and flexible robotic skins. The core application of moisture-controlling, self-closing fabrics lies in their dynamic adaptation to the environment and human needs. With advances in materials science and flexible electronics, their application will rapidly penetrate high-tech fields and everyday life.

[0003] In the existing technology, moisture-control self-opening and closing fabrics achieve dynamic regulation of microscopic pores by simulating the opening and closing behavior of stomata in plant leaves; precise control of the fabric microstructure is achieved by combining a moisture-sensitive layer with a support layer, laser cutting, etc.; and the humidity response of the structure is achieved by simulating the mechanism of pine cones closing when wet and opening when dry. Most existing fabrics adopt a double-layer heterogeneous composite design, that is, a hydrophilic material with greater hygroscopicity is used as the active layer, and a hydrophobic material with less hygroscopicity is used as a passively supported follower layer. When the ambient humidity rises, the active layer absorbs moisture and expands to generate bending stress, which drives the deformation of the follower layer to open the fabric microstructure (such as fiber gaps or sheet units) to achieve enhanced air permeability; and when the humidity decreases, the dehydration and shrinkage of the active layer drives the structure to close. However, this type of design has the following key problems in practical applications:

[0004] First, the unbalanced dynamic performance is caused by the uncoordinated moisture absorption response characteristics of the two layers of heterogeneous materials. The hydrophobic follower layer has an extremely low moisture absorption rate. Although it can maintain structural rigidity through high hydrophobicity to promote window opening, the moisture absorption rate difference between it and the hydrophilic active layer is too large, resulting in significantly different deformation rates and recovery capabilities of the two layers during the moisture absorption-drying cycle. In particular, when the ambient humidity drops, the hydrophilic layer loses water and shrinks rapidly, while the hydrophobic layer cannot respond synchronously due to the lack of moisture absorption hysteresis, resulting in delayed interfacial stress release, significantly slowing the window closure speed, and even incomplete closure. This asymmetry in dynamic response seriously restricts the fabric's ability to adjust to humidity changes in real time and is prone to structural fatigue in frequently alternating dry and wet environments.

[0005] Second, there is a contradiction between the interfacial stability and skin-friendliness of heterogeneous materials. The differences in the thermal expansion coefficients and mechanical moduli between the hydrophobic layer and the hydrophilic layer easily cause interlayer delamination under repeated deformation. Although the interfacial bonding strength can be partially improved through fiber surface modification or nano-coating, it further increases the material rigidity and restricts the deformation freedom of the active layer. In addition, the low moisture regain rate of the hydrophobic layer results in poor skin-friendliness, and long-term contact with the skin easily causes a stuffy feeling and discomfort, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements for comfort in close-fitting clothing.

[0006] Therefore, the present application develops a humidity-controlled opening and closing fabric with high interfacial stability, high humidity response sensitivity, and excellent wearing comfort to solve the core defects of unbalanced dynamic performance, insufficient durability, and poor skin-friendliness in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a self-opening and closing fabric by blending hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers. The fabric includes an active layer, a driven layer, and a notch. The active layer is a high water-absorbing material; the driven layer is a blended fabric of hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers.

[0008] Further, the hydrophobic fibers include polyester.

[0009] Further, the hydrophobic fibers include circular fibers and profiled fibers.

[0010] Further, the high water-absorbing material includes high water-absorbing polyurethane.

[0011] Further, the profiled fibers include triangle, Y-shaped, pentagon, three-leaf, four-leaf, five-leaf, fan-shaped, and hollow-shaped.

[0012] Preferably, the profiled fibers include circular hollow polyester fibers, triangular hollow polyester fibers, flat polyester fibers, and three-leaf polyester fibers.

[0013] Further, the hydrophilic fibers include cotton, linen, and silk.

[0014] Further, the blending ratio of the hydrophobic fibers to the hydrophilic fibers is 65 - 80:35 - 20, such as 65 / 35 blend of polyester / cotton, 80 / 20 blend of polyester / flax, 80 / 20 blend of polyester / silk, and 70 / 30 blend of polyester / silk.

[0015] Further, the preparation method of the self-opening and closing fabric includes the following steps:

[0016] (1) Prepare a polyurethane coating: After mixing polyurethane and a solvent evenly, coat it on the surface of the blended fabric of hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers to form an active layer;

[0017] The polyurethane selected is high water-absorbing polyurethane;

[0018] The grammage of the driven layer and the thickness ratio of the active layer are 150 - 200 g / m 2 : 1.5 - 2 mm;

[0019] The solvent includes tetrahydrofuran;

[0020] The mass ratio of the polyurethane to the solvent is 1:10 - 15;

[0021] In the blended fabric of hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers, the blending ratio of hydrophobic fibers to hydrophilic fibers is 65 - 80:35 - 20.

[0022] The blended fabric of hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers includes knitted fabric and woven fabric.

[0023] When the fabric made of 100% hydrophobic fibers is used as the driven layer, the mass ratio of polyurethane to solvent is 1:18, and the thickness of the polyurethane coating is generally 1 mm. After adding hydrophilic fibers, the water absorption of the driven layer increases, reducing the moisture absorption difference between the active layer and the driven layer. To a certain extent, it affects the opening of the window, and it is necessary to increase the thickness and concentration of the polyurethane coating.

[0024] (2) Prepare the incision: Form an incision on the surface of the active layer by laser cutting to obtain a self-opening and closing fabric of blended hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers;

[0025] The incision is an arc-shaped incision, the aspect ratio of the incision is 65% - 80%, and the incision direction is consistent with the warp direction of the driven layer fabric.

[0026] The power of the laser cutting is 10 - 40 W, the speed is 30 - 100 mm / s, and the number of cutting times is 2 - 3 times. The performance differences between hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers are large. For example, polyester and cotton, polyester is a thermoplastic fiber, which is easy to deform or shrink at high temperatures, and cotton is a non-thermoplastic fiber, which will become brittle and carbonize at high temperatures. The temperature resistance of the polyester / cotton blend (such as 65 / 35) is closer to that of polyester. During laser cutting, the power is relatively large, the speed is relatively fast, and there are multiple cuts.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] The present invention uses a blended fabric of hydrophilic / hydrophobic fibers as the driven layer and a high water-absorbing material as the active layer, optimizes the blending ratio of hydrophilic / hydrophobic fibers and the thickness of the active layer, and prepares an automatically opening and closing fabric.

[0029] The present invention introduces hydrophilic fibers into the driven layer to improve the skin-friendly property and comfort of the driven layer. The introduction of hydrophilic fibers can also enhance the bonding force between the active layer and the driven layer, reduce the risk of interlayer peeling under repeated deformation, and extend the service life of the fabric. At the same time, by optimizing the blending ratio of hydrophilic / hydrophobic fibers in the driven layer, optimizing the composite ratio of the driven layer and the active layer, and optimizing the structure of the active layer, the fabric has the effect of automatically opening and closing in response to humidity, and effectively solves the defect of delayed window closing caused by the lagging response of the hydrophobic driven layer in the traditional technology, improving the synchronism and closing efficiency of the opening and closing actions.

[0030] The hydrophobic fibers of the present invention, such as polyester fibers, can be ordinary polyester fibers or profiled-section polyester fibers. By adjusting the cross-sectional morphology of the hydrophobic fibers, the softness, strength, breathability, durability, etc. of the fabric can be further improved. For example, hollow profiled fibers (such as circular hollow, triangular hollow) retain air inside to form a heat-insulating layer. At the same time, the pores between the fibers increase, enhancing breathability, and the fabric can be cooled by 2-3°C in summer. For example, flat or three-leaf-shaped cross-sections increase the friction and resilience between the fibers, reducing wrinkling deformation during movement. For example, hexagonal shapes can disperse stress and extend the service life of the fabric. For example, the rounded edges of profiled cross-sections can reduce the sharp contact feeling with the skin and reduce the discomfort of movement friction. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the humidity adjustment performance test platform;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the open / closed state of the fabric incision / window. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0033] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0034] Embodiment

[0035] The self-opening and closing fabric is prepared through the following steps:

[0036] (2) Weave to form the fabric. The gram weight of the fabric can be 150-200 grams per square meter. In this embodiment, a fabric with a gram weight of 180 grams per square meter is selected, and the weave is plain weft knitting. The fabric is made of a blended yarn of hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers, and the blending ratio of hydrophobic fibers to hydrophilic fibers is 100-60:0-40. This embodiment specifically includes the following fabrics: pure polyester fabric, circular hollow polyester / cotton 65 / 35 fabric, triangular cross-section polyester / cotton 65 / 35 fabric, circular hollow polyester / flax 80 / 20 fabric, circular hollow polyester / silk 80 / 20 fabric;

[0037] (3) Prepare the polyurethane solution: Mix high water-absorbing polyurethane (purchased from Yoshida Chemical Industry, model F0402) and tetrahydrofuran in proportion.

[0038] The ratio is a mass ratio, and the mass ratios of the highly water-absorbent polyurethane and tetrahydrofuran include 1:18, 1:15, 1:12, and 1:10;

[0039] The mass concentration of the tetrahydrofuran is 95%.

[0040] (4) Coat the polyurethane solution onto the fabric to form a polyurethane layer;

[0041] The thickness of the polyurethane layer is 1 - 2 mm, specifically 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, and 2 mm.

[0042] (5) Cut out blades (windows) on the polyurethane layer by laser cutting. The aspect ratio of the blades is 65%, and the direction of the blades is consistent with the warp direction of the driven - layer fabric.

[0043] The specific preparation parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Effect Example

[0045] Test and debug the performance of the product prepared in the example. Use a fabric moisture - conditioning performance test platform (as Figure 1 shown), which includes a fabric fixing frame, a contact plate, a humidifier, an adjustable support frame (including a contact plate, a slide bar, and a slider), and a lower support with millimeter scales.

[0046] Paste the automatically opening - and - closing fabric on the fixing frame, with the active layer of the fabric facing the humidifier. Pre - adjust the distance between the fabric fixing bracket and the contact plate, turn on the light source and the humidifier. The water output of the humidifier is 0.014 mL / s, and the distance from the humidifier to the fabric is set to 4 cm. The humidification time is 10 seconds, and then start timing T0. Move the contact plate to the outermost position of the opened window (judge the contact between the fabric window and the contact plate based on the projection of the window below), record the distance S between the fabric fixing bracket and the contact plate and the opening time T1 of the window. When the window closes, record the closing time T2. According to the longitudinal length L of the opening - and - closing window and the distance S between the fabric fixing bracket and the contact plate, calculate the opening angle A of the window. The calculation formula is: (The schematic diagram is shown in Figure 2).

[0047] For each sample, test 3 specimens, and for each specimen, test 2 windows, a total of 6 windows. Calculate the average value. The data is recorded in Table 1 below.

[0048] Table 1

[0049]

[0050] From Cases 1-7 in Table 1, it can be seen that in the present invention, a blended fabric of hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers is used as the driven layer. By optimizing the blending ratio of hydrophilic / hydrophobic fibers in the driven layer, optimizing the composite ratio of the driven layer and the active layer, and optimizing the structure of the active layer, the defect of delayed window closing caused by the response lag of the pure hydrophobic driven layer in the traditional technology can be solved. However, if the ratio of hydrophobic fibers / hydrophilic fibers is too high, the excellent properties of hydrophilic fibers cannot be reflected. For example, in Case 9: polyester / cotton blend, the cotton fiber content is too small, which will increase the sense of stuffiness. After the human body sweats, the clothing is likely to adhere to the skin, resulting in discomfort and affecting the normal activities of the human body. If the ratio of hydrophobic fibers / hydrophilic fibers is too low (such as in Case 10), there will be cut edges and frayed edges, resulting in fabric damage. After introducing hydrophilic fibers into the driven layer, it is necessary to appropriately increase the thickness and density of the active layer to increase the moisture absorption difference between the active layer and the driven layer. If the thickness is too large (such as in Case 8), the mass of the active layer is relatively heavy, making it difficult to open the window, the opening angle is small, and the opening time is long; when the window closes, the moisture release of the active layer is relatively slow, and the window closes slowly.

[0051] Enlightened by the above ideal embodiments according to the present invention, through the above description, relevant staff can completely make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric, characterized in that, The fabric includes an active layer, a driven layer and incisions; the active layer is made of a highly water-absorbent material; the driven layer is a blended fabric of hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers.

2. The hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric according to claim 1, wherein, The blending ratio of the hydrophobic fibers to the hydrophilic fibers is 65-80:35-20.

3. The hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrophobic fibers include polyester. And / or, the hydrophilic fibers include cotton, linen and silk.

4. The hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that The hydrophobic fibers include circular fibers and profiled fibers. The profiled fibers include triangle, Y-shaped, pentagon, three-leaf-shaped, four-leaf-shaped, five-leaf-shaped, fan-shaped, hollow-shaped.

5. The hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric according to claim 1, wherein The highly water-absorbent material is highly water-absorbent polyurethane.

6. A preparation method of a hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Coating a polyurethane solution on the surface of the blended fabric of hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers to obtain the active layer. (2) Preparing incisions on the surface of the active layer to obtain a self-opening and closing fabric of hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic fibers.

7. The preparation method of the hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (1), the mass ratio of polyurethane to solvent in the polyurethane solution is 1:10-15; the solvent is tetrahydrofuran.

8. The preparation method of the hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (1), the basis weight of the driven layer and the thickness ratio of the active layer are 150 - 200 g / m 2 : 1.5 - 2 mm.

9. The preparation method of the hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (2), laser cutting is used to prepare incisions on the surface of the active layer; the power of the laser cutting is 10-40W, the speed is 30-100 mm / s, and the number of cutting times is 2-3 times.

10. The preparation method of the hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber blended self-opening and closing fabric according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (2), the incisions are arc-shaped incisions, the aspect ratio of the incisions is 60-80%, and the incision direction is consistent with the warp direction of the driven layer fabric.

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