Tunnel entrance adjustable safety early warning flexible anti-collision system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel entrance protection facilities, and discloses a tunnel entrance adjustable safety early warning flexible anti-collision system which comprises an anti-collision assembly installed at a tunnel entrance, the anti-collision assembly is composed of a protection unit, an auxiliary detection module and an automatic lifting device, and structures in the anti-collision assembly form a whole facility. According to the adjustable safety pre-warning flexible anti-collision facility for the tunnel entrance, a U-shaped rubber ring in the protection unit is of a double-layer composite structure, inner high-density closed-cell foaming is matched with an outer anti-ultraviolet silica gel layer, good flexibility and energy absorption characteristics are achieved, when a vehicle collides, the U-shaped rubber ring deforms firstly, part of collision energy is absorbed, and the safety pre-warning flexible anti-collision facility for the tunnel entrance is protected. The U-shaped rubber ring is connected with the base with the dovetail groove structure in a clamped mode, the base is installed on the back frame through bolts and connected with the steel stand column through the anti-blocking block filled with the polyurethane buffering cushion, and collision energy is further efficiently absorbed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel entrance protection facilities, and specifically to an adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision system at the tunnel entrance. Background Art

[0002] At present, most of the diversion facilities at the tunnel entrance are rigid fixed structures, such as common diversion facilities made of concrete or metal. In the case where the road width outside the tunnel is greater than the road width inside the tunnel or the number of lanes outside the tunnel is more than the number of lanes inside the tunnel, there are even some tunnel entrances without diversion facilities, resulting in traffic accidents. However, for the rigid diversion facilities made of common concrete or metal, when a vehicle collides, it is easy to cause great damage to the vehicle and the people in the vehicle, and it is also easy to be damaged itself, with high maintenance costs. In addition, the visual recognition effect of the existing diversion facilities at the tunnel entrance at night is poor. If the driver is inattentive or fatigued, it is very easy to cause scratches. In addition, the structures of the existing anti-collision diversion facilities at the tunnel entrance on the market mainly include corrugated steel structures and rotatable anti-collision barrel structures, but they have some defects in the actual use process, such as: At present, the buffering capacity and material durability of the anti-collision diversion facilities at the tunnel entrance on the market are insufficient. The buffering capacity of the corrugated steel is relatively low, and the anti-collision barrel may age with the increase of the installation time. Its height is fixed and non-adjustable after installation, and it is impossible to achieve the most effective protection for vehicles with different chassis heights. Moreover, the dynamic response mechanism in the facilities is lacking, and most facilities are designed for passive protection, lacking intelligent perception and dynamic adjustment functions. In addition, the visual guidance effect is insufficient. Some low-reflective or lack of gradual transition diversion facilities have low recognition at night or under low visibility conditions, and it is difficult for the driver to adjust the driving trajectory in time, weakening the active prevention function.

[0003] In view of the above problems, there is an urgent need to innovate and design on the basis of the original tunnel entrance drainage and anti-collision equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision system at the tunnel entrance, so as to solve the many problems existing in the existing anti-collision diversion facilities at the tunnel entrance in the above background art: insufficient buffering capacity and material durability, easy aging of the anti-collision barrel, fixed and non-adjustable height, difficult to effectively protect vehicles with different chassis heights, lack of dynamic response mechanism, mostly passive protection, lack of intelligent perception and dynamic adjustment, poor visual guidance effect, low recognition of low-reflective or non-gradual transition diversion facilities at night or in low visibility, affecting the driver's timely adjustment of the driving trajectory, and greatly reducing the active prevention function.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A safety warning and protection system for preventing vehicle impact at the tunnel entrance, including an anti-collision component, which is installed at the tunnel entrance. The anti-collision component consists of a protection unit, an auxiliary detection module, and an automatic lifting device, and the components inside the anti-collision component form an integral facility; The protection unit includes a U-shaped rubber ring and a base, and the opening of the U-shaped rubber ring is slidably connected to the base. The base is installed on the back frame by bolts, and steel columns are equidistantly installed on the back of the back frame; An auxiliary detection module is installed at the top of the steel column, and the auxiliary detection module includes a lidar, a displacement sensor, and a road surface slipperiness detection module. The road surface slipperiness detection module is installed on the road surface, close to the bottom end of the steel column, and the road surface slipperiness detection module communicates with the warning module through an electrical signal; The warning module includes an LED light strip, a reflective film, and a high-volume horn. The LED light strip and the reflective film are installed in parallel on the surface of the steel column, and the high-volume horn is installed above the auxiliary detection module.

[0006] Adopting the above technical solution, the structures of each module in the anti-collision component are clear, making the overall device adopt a modular design, which is convenient for overall production, installation, and later maintenance.

[0007] Preferably, the U-shaped rubber ring adopts a double-layer composite structure, and the inner layer of the U-shaped rubber ring is high-density closed-cell foam, and its outer layer is coated with an anti-ultraviolet silica gel layer.

[0008] Adopting the above technical solution, the double-layer composite structure of the U-shaped rubber ring, the high-density closed-cell foam in the inner layer can effectively absorb the collision energy and play a buffering role. The outer anti-ultraviolet silica gel layer enhances the weather resistance of the rubber ring, extends its service life, reduces the situation of aging and damage caused by ultraviolet irradiation, and enables the anti-collision facility to work stably in the outdoor environment for a long time.

[0009] Preferably, the inside of the base is set as a dovetail groove structure, and the dovetail groove of the base is snap-connected to the U-shaped rubber ring.

[0010] Adopting the above technical solution, the dovetail groove structure of the base is snap-connected to the U-shaped rubber ring, making the connection between the two tight and stable.

[0011] Preferably, an automatic lifting device is installed at the bottom end of the steel column, and the automatic lifting device is buried underground, and the connection end of the automatic lifting device and the steel column is flush with the ground.

[0012] Adopting the above technical solution, the automatic lifting device is buried underground, and the connection end is flush with the ground, which not only ensures the stability and safety of the automatic lifting device but also avoids hindering vehicle travel.

[0013] Preferably, the lidar and the displacement sensor are installed vertically in a rectangular box, and the rectangular box where the lidar and the displacement sensor are installed is installed at the top of the steel column.

[0014] With the above technical solution, the vertical installation is beneficial for the lidar to comprehensively monitor the distance, speed and vehicle type information of the vehicle, and the displacement sensor can monitor the height and motion state of the guardrail in real time.

[0015] Preferably, the LED light strip and the reflective film are arranged above the back frame, and the LED light strip is internally provided with four kinds of lamp beads: white, yellow, blue and red.

[0016] With the above technical solution, the LED light strip is internally provided with multiple color lamp beads, and different warning effects can be achieved by using multiple color lamp beads.

[0017] Preferably, the reflective film is attached to the surface of the steel column, and the reflective film is arranged with a nano-scale micro-structure array.

[0018] With the above technical solution, the reflective film is arranged with a nano-scale micro-structure array and attached to the surface of the steel column, which improves the reflective effect and can effectively reflect the vehicle lights at night or in low visibility environments.

[0019] Preferably, the high-pitched horn is electrically connected to the lidar.

[0020] With the above technical solution, when the lidar detects that the vehicle speed is abnormal or the vehicle is approaching a dangerous area, the high-pitched horn can timely emit an alarm sound to remind the driver to pay attention.

[0021] Preferably, the automatic lifting device is composed of a hydraulic system, a control module, a safety module and a structural module, and the automatic lifting device is set as a cylindrical hydraulic cylinder.

[0022] With the above technical solution, multiple modules in the automatic lifting device are clarified, and its overall structure forms a cylindrical hydraulic cylinder.

[0023] Preferably, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the automatic lifting device is connected to the bottom end of the steel column, and the steel column slides up and down in the automatic lifting device.

[0024] With the above technical solution, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the automatic lifting device is connected to the bottom end of the steel column, so that the steel column can stably slide up and down in the device.

[0025] In the present invention, the lidar of the detection module is used to identify the vehicle type, the distance between the vehicle and the guardrail, and the speed in real time. One lidar can be installed at each tunnel entrance. The displacement sensor is used to monitor the actual height and motion state of the guardrail. The road surface wetness detection module is installed on the ground. If the road surface wetness is detected, the signal will be transmitted to the warning processor to increase the warning distance; At night, when the LED light strip fails, the vehicle's own lights can be used to guide the driver's sight. The tweeter is installed on the top of the steel column. When the laser radar detects that the speed of the vehicle on the side of the guardrail reaches the warning distance, the tweeter sounds an alarm to attract the driver's attention. The warning processor is installed in the iron shell of the detection module and is used to calculate the warning distance in real time. The warning distance is:

[0026] Item 1 The second term is the vehicle distance traveled within the driver's reaction time and the system's response time. is the shortest braking distance of the vehicle, the third A safety margin to account for sensor errors; The vehicle speed v is obtained by real-time detection by the lidar, and its unit is m / s. The friction coefficient μ is determined according to the road surface type. For dry asphalt roads, μ is ≈ 0.7~0.8, and correction is required for wet and slippery roads. The gravity acceleration g is taken as 9.81m / s. 2 , the driver's normal reaction time t1 is 1.5 seconds, the system response time t2 includes the detection module data processing and hydraulic lifting action time 1s, and the safety margin S4 can be 8-15 meters to avoid sensor errors or other extreme situations; The warning processor also divides the warning level into level one and level two. Level one warning distance D1 is equal to D. It is triggered immediately when the vehicle enters the D range. At this time, the LED light strip changes from normal white to flashing yellow. Second level warning distance , only the braking distance and safety margin are retained. The trigger condition is that the vehicle enters the D2 range without obvious deceleration. At this time, the LED light strip turns blue and red and flashes alternately, the tweeter sounds a warning sound, and the automatic lifting device controls the protection unit to rise to the appropriate height, ranging from 0.8 to 2 meters; In addition, when the warning processor receives a signal from the slippery road detection module, it adjusts the road friction coefficient to increase the warning distance. At the same time, the slippery road warning information is uploaded to the navigation system through the communication module installed in the iron housing of the detection module to inform the driver to slow down in advance. The LED light strip, tweeter and communication module are linked to form a "sound-light-navigation" linkage warning. The automatic lifting device is composed of a hydraulic system, a control module, a safety module, and a structural module. The automatic lifting device is configured as a cylindrical hydraulic cylinder. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the automatic lifting device is connected to the bottom end of the steel column, and the steel column rises and slides in the automatic lifting device. In the present invention, the hydraulic system includes a hydraulic pump station, a double-acting cylinder, a three-position four-way solenoid valve, an oil pipeline, an accumulator, and a cooler. The hydraulic pump station contains a motor and an axial piston pump, which converts electrical energy into hydraulic energy and outputs high-pressure oil with a pressure range of 10 to 25 MPa. The double-acting cylinder drives the steel column installed on the piston rod to lift and lower through the telescopic movement of the piston rod, and its thrust is determined by the oil pressure and the piston area. The three-position four-way solenoid valve controls the oil flow direction to achieve the switching of three states: rising, pressure maintaining, and falling. The accumulator stores hydraulic energy and provides emergency power to complete one lifting when the pump station stops. Among them, the cooler maintains the oil temperature stability through air cooling or water cooling, and its working temperature is 40 to 60 °C to prevent the seals from aging; The control module includes an integrated microcontroller using PLC and PID algorithms. After receiving the detection data, it calculates the target height error and generates control signals for the motor speed or the opening degree of the hydraulic valve to achieve precise positioning. Specifically, the output signal of the controller:

[0027] where μ(t) is the output signal of the controller, that is, the motor voltage, the opening degree of the hydraulic valve, etc.; e(t) is the error, that is, the difference between the target value and the actual value, e(t) = target height - actual height; K p is the proportional gain, which adjusts the response intensity to the current error, that is, adjusts the force according to how far the current distance is from the predetermined height; K i Integral gain, which adjusts the response intensity to the accumulation of historical errors, that is, adds up all the previous errors to completely eliminate the errors; K d Differential gain, which adjusts the response intensity to the changing trend of the error, that is, according to the speed of the error change, when the protection unit is about to lift to the predetermined height, the control force is reduced in advance, so that the motor voltage is reduced or the opening degree of the hydraulic valve is reduced. The safety module includes a pressure sensor and a mechanical locking device. The pressure sensor monitors the overload risk, and the mechanical bolt fixes the guardrail after reaching the position to prevent it from falling. The structure module includes high-strength columns and cylindrical guide rails. The high-strength columns provide rigid support and adapt to the vehicle height limit, and the cylindrical guide rails ensure the stability of the lifting trajectory without deviation; The whole facility dynamically adjusts the warning distance according to the vehicle speed, and controls the linkage response of the warning module and the automatic lifting module according to different warning distances. When the vehicle speed is too fast, a longer warning distance is often required to stimulate the driver to react, and traditional facilities have limitations in this regard; At the same time, on rainy days, due to the weakened ground friction, the present invention can automatically increase the warning distance by monitoring the wetness of the ground. In addition, for large trucks and ordinary cars, since their chassis heights are very different, the heights of the parts that bear the impact are also different. The automatic lifting device can dynamically adjust the height of the guardrail according to the chassis height of different models, thereby achieving the most effective buffering for impacts of different types of vehicles.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision facility at the tunnel entrance: 1. The U-shaped rubber ring in the protective unit of this invention adopts a double-layer composite structure. The inner layer is a high-density closed-cell foam layer and the outer layer is a UV-resistant silicone layer. It has excellent flexibility and energy absorption properties. In the event of a vehicle collision, the U-shaped rubber ring is the first to deform, absorbing part of the collision energy and reducing the direct impact on the vehicle and occupants. At the same time, the U-shaped rubber ring is connected to the base with a dovetail groove structure by snapping. The base is mounted on the back frame with bolts and then connected to the steel column via a polyurethane cushioned anti-blocking block. The three-stage crush system formed can further effectively absorb collision energy. Compared with traditional rigid deflectors, it reduces the degree of damage in vehicle collisions, protects the safety of vehicles and occupants, and has lower maintenance costs. 2. Furthermore, the laser radar in the auxiliary detection module of the present invention can identify the vehicle type, distance from the guardrail, and speed in real time. When the speed limit is detected, a tweeter sounds an alarm, reminding the driver to slow down. The tweeter is electrically connected to the laser radar, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the warning. At the same time, the laser radar and displacement sensor work together to monitor the actual height and movement of the guardrail, providing data support for the automatic lifting device. The slippery road detection module is installed on the road surface. When it detects a slippery road surface, it transmits this information to the warning module via an electrical signal, increasing the warning distance. The slippery road warning information is also uploaded to the navigation system, notifying the driver to slow down in advance. The LED light strip in the warning module has a built-in photosensor and PID control module, which can achieve adaptive brightness adjustment. Normally, it is solid white to guide the driver's vision. In different warning situations, it changes to different states, such as flashing yellow or alternating blue and red. In combination with reflective film, the vehicle's own lights can guide vision in the event of the LED light strip failure. This coordinated sound and light warning enhances the ability to proactively prevent accidents. 3. The automatic lifting device in the present invention consists of a hydraulic system, a control module, a safety module, and a structural module. Its piston rod is connected to the bottom end of the steel column, enabling the steel column to slide up and down in the automatic lifting device. Among them, the control module calculates the target height error through the PID algorithm based on the vehicle type information detected by the lidar and the actual height of the guardrail monitored by the displacement sensor, and precisely controls the automatic lifting device, enabling the protection unit to dynamically adjust the height according to the chassis height of different vehicle types, thereby achieving the most effective buffering against the impact of different types of vehicles and improving the pertinence and effectiveness of the protection. 4. The present invention adopts a modular design, and each component, namely the protection unit, the auxiliary detection module, the warning module, and the automatic lifting device, is relatively independent. When a certain module fails or is damaged, it can be quickly replaced. After the module is damaged, the operation of disassembling and installing a new unit or module can be completed in a short time, without the need for large-scale maintenance or replacement of the entire protection system, greatly improving the maintenance efficiency and reducing the operation and maintenance cost throughout the life cycle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the protection system provided by the present invention in a tunnel; Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the protection unit of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the U-shaped rubber ring of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the base structure of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the back of the protection system of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the front of the protection system of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1, anti-collision component; 2, protection unit; 3, U-shaped rubber ring; 4, base; 5, back frame; 6, steel column; 7, auxiliary detection module; 701, lidar; 702, displacement sensor; 8, road surface wetness detection module; 9, LED light strip; 10, reflective film; 11, high-pitched horn; 12, automatic lifting device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Please refer to Figures 1-6, the present invention provides a technical solution: a flexible anti-collision safety warning facility with adjustable tunnel entrance, including an anti-collision component 1, a protection unit 2, a U-shaped rubber ring 3, a base 4, a back frame 5, a steel column 6, an auxiliary detection module 7, a lidar 701, a displacement sensor 702, a road surface wetness detection module 8, an LED light strip 9, a reflective film 10, a high-pitched horn 11 and an automatic lifting device 12; Among them, the anti-collision component 1 is installed at the tunnel entrance. The anti-collision component 1 is composed of a protection unit 2, an auxiliary detection module 7 and an automatic lifting device 12, and the components inside the anti-collision component 1 form the whole facility; The protection unit 2 includes a U-shaped rubber ring 3 and a base 4, and the opening of the U-shaped rubber ring 3 is slidably connected to the base 4. The base 4 is installed on the back frame 5 by bolts, and steel columns 6 are equidistantly installed on the back of the back frame 5. The U-shaped rubber ring 3 adopts a double-layer composite structure, and the inner layer of the U-shaped rubber ring 3 is high-density closed-cell foam, and its outer layer is coated with an anti-ultraviolet silica gel layer. The base 4 is provided with a dovetail groove structure inside, and the dovetail groove of the base 4 is snap-connected to the U-shaped rubber ring 3; Combined with the Figures 1-5 shown in the attached drawings of the specification, the double-layer composite structure of the U-shaped rubber ring 3 has a high-density closed-cell foam rubber inner layer and an anti-ultraviolet silica gel layer outer layer. The anti-ultraviolet silica gel layer is prepared with a thickness of 3 mm and a weather resistance grade of UV8, while the dovetail groove structure of the base 4 is made of Q345B galvanized steel. When receiving the impact of a vehicle, the double-layer composite structure of the U-shaped rubber ring 3, the high-density closed-cell foam material in the inner layer first undergoes elastic deformation to absorb part of the energy, and at the same time, the U-shaped rubber ring 3 slides in the dovetail groove of the base 4 to further disperse the collision force; The base 4 is independently fixed to the back frame 5 by high-strength inner hexagon bolts, and the back frame 5 is made of aluminum alloy. The back frame 5 is connected to the steel column 6 through an anti-blocking block filled with a polyurethane buffer pad. The bottom of the steel column 6 is welded to the piston rod in the automatic lifting device 12 to form a three-stage collapse system from rubber deformation to frame slippage to column inclination; An auxiliary detection module 7 is installed at the top of the steel column 6, and the auxiliary detection module 7 includes a lidar 701, a displacement sensor 702 and a road surface wetness detection module 8. The road surface wetness detection module 8 is installed on the road surface, and the road surface wetness detection module 8 is installed near the bottom end of the steel column 6, and the road surface wetness detection module 8 communicates with the warning module through an electrical signal. An automatic lifting device 12 is installed at the bottom end of the steel column 6, and the automatic lifting device 12 is buried underground, and the connection end of the automatic lifting device 12 and the steel column 6 is flush with the ground. The lidar 701 and the displacement sensor 702 are installed vertically in a rectangular box, and the rectangular box in which the lidar 701 and the displacement sensor 702 are installed is installed at the top of the steel column 6; The warning module includes an LED light strip 9, a reflective film 10, and a high - pitched horn 11. The LED light strip 9 and the reflective film 10 are installed in parallel on the surface of the steel column 6, and the high - pitched horn 11 is installed at the upper end of the auxiliary detection module 7. The LED light strip 9 and the reflective film 10 are arranged above the back frame 5. The LED light strip 9 has four types of lamp beads, namely white, yellow, blue, and red, built - in. The reflective film 10 is attached to the surface of the steel column 6 and is arranged with a nanoscale microstructure array. The high - pitched horn 11 is electrically connected to the lidar 701; Combined with the attached drawings of the specification Figure 1 and Figures 5-6 As shown, the lidar 701 of the detection module 7 is used to identify the vehicle type, the distance between the vehicle and the guardrail, and the speed in real - time. One lidar 701 can be installed at each tunnel entrance. The displacement sensor 702 is used to monitor the actual height and movement state of the guardrail. The road surface wet - slip detection module 8 is installed on the ground. If the road surface is detected to be wet - slip, it will transmit a signal to the warning processor to increase the warning distance; At night, when the LED light strip 9 fails, the driver's line of sight can be guided by the vehicle's own lights. The high - pitched horn 11 is installed at the top of the steel column 6. When the lidar 701 detects that the vehicle speed on the side close to the guardrail reaches the warning distance, the high - pitched horn 11 emits an alarm sound to attract the driver's attention. The warning processor is installed in the iron shell of the detection module 7 and is used to calculate the warning distance in real - time. The warning distance:

[0033] The first item is the driving distance of the vehicle within the driver's reaction time and the system response time. The second item is the shortest braking distance of the vehicle. The third item S4 is the safety margin to cope with sensor errors; Among them, the vehicle speed v is obtained by real - time detection of the lidar 701, and its unit is m / s. The friction coefficient μ is determined according to the road surface type. Among them, for a dry asphalt road surface, μ≈0.7 - 0.8, and it needs to be corrected for a wet - slip road surface. The gravitational acceleration g is taken as 9.81m / s 2 , the normal reaction time t1 of the driver is taken as 1.5 seconds. The system response time t2 includes 1s for data processing of the detection module and hydraulic lifting action time. The safety margin S4 is taken as 10 meters to avoid sensor errors or other extreme situations; The warning processor also divides the warning levels into a first - level warning and a second - level warning. The first - level warning distance D1 is equal to D and is immediately triggered when the vehicle enters the range. At this time, the LED light strip 9 changes from the daily white to yellow flashing; The second - level warning distance D 2= +S4, only the braking distance and safety margin are retained. The triggering condition is that there is no obvious deceleration when the vehicle enters the D2 range. At this time, the LED light strip 9 flashes alternately in blue and red, the high - pitched horn 11 emits a warning sound, and at the same time, the automatic lifting device 12 controls the protective unit 2 to rise to an appropriate height, and the height range is 0.8 to 2 meters; In addition, when the warning processor receives the signal from the road surface slipperiness detection module 8, it adjusts the magnitude of the road surface friction coefficient, increases the warning distance, and at the same time uploads the warning information of road surface slipperiness to the navigation system through the communication module installed in the iron shell of the detection module 7 to inform the driver to slow down in advance. Through the linkage of the LED light strip 9, the high - pitched horn 11 and the communication module, a "sound - light - navigation" linkage warning is formed; The automatic lifting device 12 is composed of a hydraulic system, a control module, a safety module, and a structural module. And the automatic lifting device 12 is set as a cylindrical hydraulic cylinder. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the automatic lifting device 12 is connected to the bottom end of the steel column 6, and the steel column 6 slides up and down in the automatic lifting device 12; Combined with the Figure 1 and Figures 5-6 shown in the attached drawings of the specification. Among them, the hydraulic system includes a hydraulic pump station, a double - acting oil cylinder, a three - position four - way solenoid valve, an oil pipeline, an accumulator, and a cooler. The hydraulic pump station includes a motor and an axial piston pump, which converts electrical energy into hydraulic energy and outputs high - pressure oil. Its pressure range is 10 - 25 MPa. The double - acting oil cylinder drives the steel column 6 installed on the piston rod to rise and fall through the telescopic movement of the piston rod. Its thrust is determined by the oil pressure and the piston area. The three - position four - way solenoid valve controls the oil flow direction to realize the switching of three states: rising, pressure maintaining, and falling. The accumulator stores hydraulic energy and provides emergency power to complete one lifting when the pump station stops. Among them, the cooler maintains the oil temperature stability through air cooling or water cooling, and its working temperature is 40 - 60 °C to prevent the seal from aging; The control module includes an integrated microcontroller using PLC and PID algorithms. It receives the detection data, calculates the target height error, and generates a control signal for the motor speed or the hydraulic valve opening to achieve precise positioning. Specifically, the output signal of the controller:

[0034] where μ(t) is the output signal of the controller, that is, the motor voltage, the hydraulic valve opening, etc.; e(t) is the error, that is, the difference between the target value and the actual value, e(t)=target height - actual height; K p is the proportional gain, which adjusts the response intensity to the current error, that is, adjusts the strength according to how far it is from the predetermined height currently; K i Integral gain, which adjusts the response intensity to the accumulation of historical errors, that is, adds up all the previous errors to completely eliminate the error; K d Differential gain adjusts the response intensity to the error change trend. That is, based on the speed of the error change, the control force is reduced in advance when the guard unit 2 is about to be lifted to the predetermined height, so that the motor voltage or the hydraulic valve opening is reduced. The safety module consists of a pressure sensor and a mechanical locking device. The pressure sensor monitors the risk of overload, and the mechanical latch fixes the guardrail to prevent it from falling after it is in place. The structural module includes high-strength columns and cylindrical guide rails. The high-strength columns provide rigid support and adapt to the height limit of the vehicle model. The cylindrical guide rails ensure that the lifting trajectory is stable and without deviation. The system dynamically adjusts the warning distance based on vehicle speed, controlling the coordinated response of the warning module and the automatic lifting module based on different warning distances. When the vehicle is traveling too fast, a longer warning distance is often required to stimulate the driver to react. Traditional systems have limitations in this regard. At the same time, on rainy days, due to the weakened ground friction, the present invention can automatically increase the warning distance by monitoring the wetness of the ground. In addition, for large trucks and ordinary cars, since their chassis heights are very different, the heights of the parts that bear the impact are also different. The automatic lifting device 12 can dynamically adjust the height of the guardrail according to the chassis height of different models, thereby achieving the most effective buffering for impacts of different types of vehicles.

[0035] Working principle: When using the adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision facility at the tunnel entrance, the laser radar 701 and displacement sensor 702 installed in the rectangular box at the top of the steel column 6 start working first. The laser radar 701 continuously emits laser beams and monitors the speed, distance and vehicle model information of the vehicle in real time by measuring the time it takes for the laser to reflect back. The displacement sensor 702 is responsible for monitoring the actual height and movement state of the steel column 6 and the protection unit 2. The road surface slippery detection module 8 installed on the road surface and close to the bottom of the steel column 6 detects the wetness of the road surface and other conditions in real time, and prepares to transmit the data in the form of electrical signals. The laser radar 701, displacement sensor 702 and road surface slippery detection module 8 transmit the monitored data to the warning processor. The warning processor analyzes and calculates according to the received data. At the same time, it determines whether the height of the protection unit 2 needs to be adjusted in combination with the data of the displacement sensor 702. If the road surface slippery detection module 8 detects that the road surface is wet, the warning processor will adjust the road friction coefficient to increase the warning distance. During the warning implementation stage, the LED strip 9 displays different colors according to the warning level. Under normal circumstances, the LED strip 9 displays white to guide the driver's line of sight; when entering the first-level warning, it turns yellow and flashes; when entering the second-level warning, it turns blue and red and flashes alternately. The reflective film 10 provides visual guidance assistance when the LED strip 9 is working properly. When it fails, it uses the nano-scale microstructure array design to reflect the vehicle's lights and continue to guide the driver. Further, when the lidar 701 detects abnormal vehicle speed or enters a dangerous area, the high-pitched horn 11 will receive an electrical signal and emit an alarm sound to alert the driver. At the same time, the warning processor will also upload the warning information to the navigation system through the communication module to inform the driver in advance to slow down; When the warning processor determines that it is necessary to adjust the height of the protection unit 2, it will send an instruction to the control module of the automatic lifting device 12. At this time, the control module calculates the target height error based on the data of the displacement sensor 702 and generates a control signal for the motor speed or the opening degree of the hydraulic valve. The automatic lifting device 12 drives the steel column 6 to slide automatically, so as to realize the adjustment of the height of the protection unit 2. Among them, the pressure sensor in the safety module of the automatic lifting device 12 monitors the pressure of the hydraulic system in real time to prevent overload. The mechanical locking device fixes the guardrail after the protection unit 2 reaches the predetermined height to ensure safety; When the vehicle fails to decelerate in time and collides with the anti-collision facility, at this time, the protection unit 2 plays a buffering role. The double-layer composite structure of the U-shaped rubber ring 3 makes the inner layer of high-density closed-cell foaming material first undergo elastic deformation to absorb part of the energy. At the same time, the U-shaped rubber ring 3 is installed in the dovetail groove of the base 4 to further disperse the collision force. Then, the back frame 5 is connected to the steel column 6 through the anti-blocking block filled with a polyurethane cushion. When the collision force is large, the back frame 5 will slip, and the steel column 6 may tilt, forming a three-stage collapse system to consume the collision energy to the greatest extent and protect the safety of the vehicle and the people in the vehicle.

[0036] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flexible anti-collision safety warning system with adjustable tunnel entrance, characterized in that: Comprising: An anti-collision component (1), which is installed at the tunnel entrance. The anti-collision component (1) is composed of a protection unit (2), an auxiliary detection module (7), and an automatic lifting device (12), and the construction components inside the anti-collision component (1) form an integral facility; The protection unit (2) includes a U-shaped rubber ring (3) and a base (4), and the opening of the U-shaped rubber ring (3) is slidably connected to the base (4). The base (4) is installed on the back frame (5) by bolts, and steel columns (6) are equidistantly installed on the back of the back frame (5); An auxiliary detection module (7) is installed at the top of the steel column (6), and the auxiliary detection module (7) includes a lidar (701), a displacement sensor (702), and a road surface slipperiness detection module (8). The road surface slipperiness detection module (8) is installed on the road surface, and the road surface slipperiness detection module (8) is installed near the bottom end of the steel column (6), and the road surface slipperiness detection module (8) communicates with the warning module through an electrical signal; The warning module includes an LED light strip (9), a reflective film (10), and a high - pitched horn (11). The LED light strip (9) and the reflective film (10) are installed in parallel on the surface of the steel column (6), and the high - pitched horn (11) is installed above the auxiliary detection module (7).

2. The adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision system for tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The U-shaped rubber ring (3) adopts a double - layer composite structure, and the inner layer of the U-shaped rubber ring (3) is high - density closed - cell foam, and its outer layer is coated with an anti - ultraviolet silica gel layer.

3. The safety warning flexible anti-collision system with adjustable tunnel entrance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inside of the base (4) is set as a dovetail groove structure, and the dovetail groove of the base (4) is snap - fitted with the U-shaped rubber ring (3).

4. The adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision system for tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: An automatic lifting device (12) is installed at the bottom end of the steel column (6), and the automatic lifting device (12) is buried underground, and the connection end of the automatic lifting device (12) and the steel column (6) is flush with the ground.

5. The adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision system for tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lidar (701) and the displacement sensor (702) are installed vertically in a rectangular box, and the rectangular box in which the lidar (701) and the displacement sensor (702) are installed is installed at the top of the steel column (6).

6. The adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision system for tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The LED light strip (9) and the reflective film (10) are arranged above the back frame (5), and the LED light strip (9) is internally provided with four kinds of lamp beads: white, yellow, blue, and red.

7. The adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision system for tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflective film (10) is attached to the surface of the steel column (6), and the reflective film (10) is arranged with a nano - level micro - structure array.

8. The adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision system for tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high - pitched horn (11) is electrically connected to the lidar (701).

9. The adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision system for tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic lifting device (12) is composed of a hydraulic system, a control module, a safety module, and a structural module, and the automatic lifting device (12) is set as a cylindrical hydraulic cylinder.

10. The adjustable safety warning flexible anti-collision system for tunnel entrances according to claim 9, characterized in that: The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the automatic lifting device (12) is connected to the bottom end of the steel column (6), and the steel column (6) slides up and down in the automatic lifting device (12).

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