A test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of simulation detection, and discloses a test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel, which comprises a base, a support fixedly connected to the top of the base, a mounting seat fixedly installed at the top of the support, a lining model placed at the top of the mounting seat, and hydraulic pressure mechanisms arranged at both ends of the lining model. The hydraulic pressure mechanism comprises a support column fixedly connected to the top of the base and located at the left and right sides of the mounting seat, and a communication pipe I fixedly connected to the top end of the support column. The inside of the communication pipe I is sealed with a sealing cylinder and a spring. The device uses the vertical arrangement of the support cylinder and the moving cylinder to change the liquid level in the support cylinder and the moving cylinder, realizes the real test of the water pressure in the inner cavity of the lining model, uses the water pressure formula ρgh to provide test pressure, and can automatically change the pressure, thus having the advantages of low cost and convenient use compared with the prior art.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of analog detection technology, and specifically relates to a test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the design and construction process of ring anchor prestressed concrete lining, simulation tests need to be carried out to simulate the water pressure in the concrete lining tunnel and the cracks caused by the stress of the lining. The test device in the prior art mainly realizes the simulation test of the real water pressure in the tunnel through water pressure. Specifically, the two ends of the lining are blocked, and water is continuously added. However, this situation easily causes the water blocking at the two ends of the lining to fail with the increase of water pressure, and the water blocking at the port requires a high sealing requirement. The conventional water blocking design in the prior art cannot overcome the above defects, and since water pressure simulation is adopted, a large amount of water needs to be pumped into the device by a water pump and pressurized by the water pump (CN201922247143.3 discloses related technology of water pump pressurization) to realize the pressure simulation on the lining. A large amount of water causes water resource waste, and more importantly, the deployment of a large amount of water is very cumbersome. In the prior art, the source of water pressure is mainly water pumped by a water pump, which not only increases the use cost of the device but also increases the complexity of the test. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the existing test device to overcome the above defects. SUMMARY

[0003] The application aims to provide a test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel, so as to solve the problems in the background art. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme: a test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel, comprising a base, a support fixedly connected to the top of the base, a mounting seat fixedly installed on the top of the support, a lining model placed on the top of the mounting seat, and a hydraulic pressure mechanism arranged at both ends of the lining model. The hydraulic pressure mechanism comprises: a support column fixedly connected to the top of the base and located on the left and right sides of the mounting seat, a communication pipe I fixedly connected to the top end of the support column, a sealing cylinder and a spring sealingly sleeved in the communication pipe I, the ends of the spring being elastically connected to the sealing cylinder and the communication pipe I respectively, a pressing plate fixedly connected to one end of the sealing cylinder, a sealing ring glued to one side of the pressing plate facing the lining model, and the sealing ring abutting against the end of the lining model; a support cylinder fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the top of the base, a moving cylinder sealingly sleeved in the support cylinder, a foam plate fixedly connected to the bottom of the moving cylinder, a transfer cylinder fixedly communicated with the outer surface of the support cylinder, a communication pipe II fixedly connected to one end of the transfer cylinder, a water pump and a water storage tank installed on the rear side of the top of the base, and the water inlet and outlet of the water pump being communicated with the water storage tank and the communication pipe II respectively; a fixed cylinder fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the transfer cylinder facing the support cylinder, a sliding column movably sleeved in the fixed cylinder, a sealing plate fixedly connected to one end of the sliding column, the sealing plate abutting against one side opening of the transfer cylinder and forming a seal, and the pressing plate, the sealing cylinder, the communication pipe I and the support cylinder being sequentially communicated. As a preferred scheme of the application, the front and rear sides of the inside of the mounting seat are both provided with guide grooves, a guide column is fixedly connected to the bottom of one side of the pressing plate facing the lining model, and the guide column is adaptively inserted into the guide grooves. As a preferred scheme of the application, a telescopic rod I is fixedly installed on the bottom of the mounting seat, a sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod I, a hinged seat is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the sleeve rod, two groups of connecting rods are movably connected between the outer surface of the sealing cylinder and the hinged seat. As a preferred scheme of the application, the upper and lower ends of the sleeve rod are respectively fixedly connected with a top block and a bottom block, the telescopic end of the telescopic rod I is fixedly connected with the top block, the sizes of the top block and the bottom block are equal and greater than the size of the sleeve rod, and the same gap is left between the surfaces of the top block and the bottom block and the hinged seat. As a preferred scheme of the application, the axial cross-sectional shape of the sealing ring is "U" shape, both ends of the lining model are adaptively clamped in the sealing ring, and the sealing ring is made of a rubber block. As a preferred scheme of the application, the diameter of the sealing plate is less than the inner diameter of the transfer cylinder, and the sealing plate is sealingly abutted against the opening inner wall of the transfer cylinder away from the support cylinder.As a preferred scheme of the present application, the bottom of the inner wall of the base is fixedly connected with two groups of telescopic rods II, and correspondingly with the two groups of water pressure increasing mechanisms, the telescopic ends of the telescopic rods II penetrate the base and the supporting cylinder in sequence and are fixedly connected with steel wires located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the supporting cylinder, and one end of the steel wires is fixedly connected with the sealing plate.

[0004] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: 1. The device is redesigned, the way of applying pressure to the lining model is changed, the test becomes simple and fast, the water pressure increasing mechanism located at both ends of the lining model is arranged to apply water pressure to the inner wall of the lining model, the sealing sleeve of the communication pipe I is arranged in the inner cavity of the sealing cylinder, one end of the sealing cylinder is communicated with the pressure plate and the sealing ring, and is arranged as two groups, and abuts against the two ends of the lining model to form a seal, the water pump is arranged to pump water from the water storage tank, and the water is communicated into the lining model through the communication pipe II, the transfer cylinder, the communication pipe I and the sealing cylinder, the water pumped out by the water pump is stored in the upper open supporting cylinder and the moving cylinder, when the inner cavity of the lining model is filled with water, the vertical arrangement of the supporting cylinder and the moving cylinder changes the liquid level in the supporting cylinder and the moving cylinder, and the water pressure in the inner cavity of the lining model is tested, the water pressure formula ρgh is used to provide test pressure, and the pressure can be automatically changed, compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of low cost and easy use. 2. Then, the sealing sleeve of the communication pipe I and the sealing cylinder is arranged to make the water flow through the communication pipe I and the sealing cylinder also generate pressure on the sealing cylinder, the pressure direction is horizontally towards one side of the lining model, during the high pressure test of the lining model, the pressure of the sealing cylinder and the pressure plate on the end part of the lining model also increases synchronously, and the extrusion force on the sealing ring is effectively increased, the deformation degree of the sealing ring is increased, the synchronous sealing function of the sealing ring is strengthened, the water seepage phenomenon of the lining model during the high water pressure test is avoided, and the reliability of the device is improved. 3. The device is also provided with telescopic rods II, which drive the steel wires to move upwards, so as to forcibly pull the sealing plate to one side of the lining model, at this time, the sealing plate is separated from the sealing abutment of the opening of the transfer cylinder, so as to smoothly open the opening of the transfer cylinder, at this time, the inner cavities of the communication pipe II, the transfer cylinder, the supporting cylinder, the moving cylinder, the communication pipe I, the sealing cylinder and the lining model are all communicated and form a communication device, and the water level in the inner cavity of the moving cylinder continuously decreases under the action of atmospheric pressure, the water flowing towards the communication pipe II side in the transfer cylinder continuously passes through the communication pipe II and the water pump to return to the water storage tank, so that the water recycling work of the device is automated, water recycling is realized, and about 50% of water can be saved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0005] Figure 1 It is a front view of the overall structure of the present application.

[0006] Figure 2 is a front perspective view of the overall structure of the present application;

[0007] Figure 3 is a front cutaway view of the overall structure of the present application;

[0008] Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in the present application Figure 3

[0009] Figure 5 is a top cutaway view of the overall structure of the present application;

[0010] Figure 6 is a structural view of the hydraulic pressure mechanism of the present application;

[0011] Figure 7 is an internal cutaway view of the hydraulic pressure mechanism of the present application;

[0012] Figure 8 is a separate view of the connecting frame, connecting rod, hinged seat, telescopic rod 1, sleeve rod, top block and bottom block of the present application.

[0013] In the figure: 1, base; 2, support; 3, mounting seat; 4, lining model; 5, support column; 6, communication pipe 1; 7, sealing cylinder; 8, pressing plate; 9, sealing ring; 10, connecting frame; 11, connecting rod; 12, hinged seat; 13, telescopic rod 1; 14, sleeve rod; 141, top block; 142, bottom block; 15, support cylinder; 16, moving cylinder; 17, foam board; 18, transfer cylinder; 19, communication pipe 2; 20, telescopic rod 2; 21, steel wire rope; 22, water pump; 23, water storage tank; 24, guide column; 25, spring; 26, fixed cylinder; 27, sliding column; 28, sealing plate; 29, guide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application. For example, Figures 1 to 8 ​As shown, the embodiment of the application provides a test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel, which comprises a base 1, the top of the base 1 is fixedly connected with a support 2, the top of the support 2 is fixedly installed with a mounting seat 3, the top of the mounting seat 3 is placed with a lining model 4, both ends of the lining model 4 are provided with hydraulic pressure mechanisms, the hydraulic pressure mechanisms comprise: a support column 5, the support column 5 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 1 and is located at the left side and the right side of the mounting seat 3, the top end of the support column 5 is fixedly connected with a communication pipe one 6, the inside of the communication pipe one 6 is sealingly sleeved with a sealing cylinder 7 and a spring 25, both ends of the spring 25 are elastically connected with the sealing cylinder 7 and the communication pipe one 6 respectively, one end of the sealing cylinder 7 is fixedly connected with a pressing plate 8, the side of the pressing plate 8 facing the lining model 4 is glued with a sealing ring 9, the sealing ring 9 abuts against the end of the lining model 4; a support cylinder 15 is fixedly installed at the left side and the right side of the top of the base 1, the inside of the support cylinder 15 is sealingly sleeved with a moving cylinder 16, the bottom of the moving cylinder 16 is fixedly connected with a foam plate 17, the outer surface of the support cylinder 15 is fixedly communicated with a transfer cylinder 18, one end of the transfer cylinder 18 is fixedly connected with a communication pipe two 19, a water pump 22 and a water storage tank 23 are installed at the rear side of the top of the base 1, the water inlet and outlet ends of the water pump 22 are communicated with the water storage tank 23 and the communication pipe two 19 respectively; a fixed cylinder 26 is fixedly connected to the side of the inner wall of the transfer cylinder 18 facing the support cylinder 15, a sliding column 27 is movably sleeved in the inside of the fixed cylinder 26, one end of the sliding column 27 is fixedly connected with a sealing plate 28, the sealing plate 28 abuts against one side opening of the transfer cylinder 18 and forms a seal, the pressing plate 8, the sealing cylinder 7, the communication pipe one 6 and the support cylinder 15 are communicated in sequence; the device is redesigned, the way of pressing the lining model 4 is changed, and the test becomes simple and fast, the device is provided with the hydraulic pressure mechanisms located at both ends of the lining model 4 to perform water filling and pressure test on the inner wall of the lining model 4, the communication pipe one 6 is provided with the sealing cylinder 7 sealingly sleeved in the inside thereof, one end of the sealing cylinder 7 is communicated with the pressing plate 8 and the sealing ring 9, and is provided as two groups, abuts against both ends of the lining model 4 and forms a seal, the water pump 22 is provided to pump out water from the water storage tank 23, and the water enters the lining model 4 through the communication pipe two 19, the transfer cylinder 18, the communication pipe one 6 and the sealing cylinder 7, the water pumped out by the water pump 22 is stored in the open upper support cylinder 15 and the moving cylinder 16, when the inner cavity of the lining model 4 is filled with water, the vertical arrangement of the support cylinder 15 and the moving cylinder 16 changes the liquid level in the support cylinder 15 and the moving cylinder 16, and the real test of the water pressure in the inner cavity of the lining model 4 is realized, the design utilizes the water pressure formula ρgh to provide test pressure, and the pressure can be automatically changed, and compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of low cost and convenient use.Then, the device also utilizes the sealing sleeve relationship of the communication pipe one 6 and the sealing cylinder 7, so that the water flow through the communication pipe one 6 and the sealing cylinder 7 also generates pressure on the sealing cylinder 7, and the pressure direction is horizontally towards one side of the lining model 4. During the high pressure test of the lining model 4, the pressure of the sealing cylinder 7 and the pressing plate 8 on the end of the lining model 4 also increases synchronously, and effectively enhances the extrusion force on the sealing ring 9, increases the deformation degree of the sealing ring 9, and strengthens the synchronous sealing function of the sealing ring 9, avoids the water seepage phenomenon of the lining model 4 during the high water pressure test, and improves the reliability of the device. Wherein, the front and rear sides of the mounting seat 3 are both provided with guide grooves 29, and the bottom of the side of the pressing plate 8 towards the lining model 4 is fixedly connected with a guide column 24, and the guide column 24 is adaptively inserted into the guide groove 29; the guide column 24 and the guide groove 29 are adaptively inserted and matched with each other, which provides stable guiding function for the horizontal movement of the pressing plate 8. Wherein, the bottom of the mounting seat 3 is fixedly installed with a telescopic rod one 13, the bottom of the telescopic rod one 13 is fixedly connected with a sleeve rod 14, the outer surface of the sleeve rod 14 is movably sleeved with a hinged seat 12, the outer surface of the sealing cylinder 7 is fixedly connected with a connecting frame 10, and two groups of connecting rods 11 are movably connected between the connecting frame 10 and the hinged seat 12; the connecting frame 10, the connecting rod 11 and the hinged seat 12 are matched with each other, so that the left and right two groups of sealing cylinders 7, pressing plates 8 and sealing rings 9 can keep extruding the lining model 4 and maintain the initial sealing function. The spring 25 is in a compressed state when it is installed into the inside of the communication pipe one, and accumulates elastic potential energy. Therefore, under the action of the spring 25, the sealing cylinder 7 is horizontally pushed towards the side of the lining model 4, drives the two groups of connecting frames 10 to move towards each other, drives the connecting rod 11 to rotate, and drives the hinged seat 12 to move downwards. At this time, the telescopic rod one 13 drives the sleeve rod 14 to move to a position which does not hinder the free movement of the hinged seat 12. Wherein, the upper and lower ends of the sleeve rod 14 are respectively fixedly connected with a top block 141 and a bottom block 142, the telescopic end of the telescopic rod one 13 is fixedly connected with the top block 141, the sizes of the top block 141 and the bottom block 142 are equal and larger than the size of the sleeve rod 14, and the top block 141 and the bottom block 142 are both left with the same gap between the surfaces of the hinged seat 12; the top block 141 and the bottom block 142 are respectively located at the two ends of the sleeve rod 14. Since the lining model 4 needs to be placed at the beginning stage, the telescopic rod one 13 needs to drive the sleeve rod 14 and the hinged seat 12 to move upwards. At this time, the hinged seat 12 abuts against the bottom block 142 and drives the connecting rod 11 to rotate, pushes the two groups of connecting frames 10 and the sealing cylinder 7 far away to the two sides, provides space for the placement of the lining model 4. When the lining model 4 is placed on the mounting seat 3, the telescopic rod one 13 drives the sleeve rod 14 to move downwards and drives the hinged seat 12 to move downwards. Under the action of the spring 25, the pressing plate 8 and the sealing ring 9 move towards the lining model 4 from the two ends of the lining model 4 and apply pressure, and form sealing.The axial section shape of the sealing ring 9 is "U" shape, both ends of the lining model 4 are adapted to be clamped in the sealing ring 9, and the sealing ring 9 is made of rubber block; the "U" shaped sealing ring 9 is deformed by the mutual pressure of the pressing plate 8 and the lining model 4, and provides sealing and waterproof function for both ends of the lining model 4. The diameter of the sealing plate 28 is smaller than the inner diameter of the transfer cylinder 18, and the sealing plate 28 is sealed against the opening inner wall of the transfer cylinder 18 away from the support cylinder 15; a set of one-way valve mechanisms are arranged in the transfer cylinder 18, which includes a fixed cylinder 26, a sliding column 27 and a sealing plate 28, when the water pump 22 pumps water to the inner cavity of the lining model 4, the water flow impacts the sealing plate 28, which drives the sliding column 27 to move to one side of the lining model 4, at this time, the sealing plate 28 opens the opening of one side of the transfer cylinder 18, so that the water flow can continuously pass through, when the water supply is stopped, the water pressure in the inner cavities of the support cylinder 15 and the moving cylinder 16 will firmly press the sealing plate 28 to avoid water backflow. Two sets of telescopic rods two 20 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base 1, and correspond to two sets of hydraulic pressure mechanisms, the telescopic ends of the telescopic rods two 20 upwardly penetrate the base 1 and the support cylinder 15 in sequence, and are fixedly connected with the steel wire rope 21 located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support cylinder 15, one end of the steel wire rope 21 is fixedly connected with the sealing plate 28; the device also sets the telescopic rods two 20 to drive the steel wire rope 21 to move upward, thereby forcibly pulling the sealing plate 28 to one side of the lining model 4, at this time, the sealing plate 28 is separated from the sealing abutment of the opening of one side of the transfer cylinder 18, thereby smoothly opening the opening of one side of the transfer cylinder 18, at this time, the inner cavities of the communication pipe two 19, the transfer cylinder 18, the support cylinder 15, the moving cylinder 16, the communication pipe one 6, the sealing cylinder 7 and the lining model 4 are all connected, and form a communication device, the water level in the inner cavity of the moving cylinder 16 continuously decreases under the action of atmospheric pressure, and the water flowing towards the communication pipe two 19 in the transfer cylinder 18 continuously passes through the communication pipe two 19 and returns to the water storage tank 23 through the water pump 22, thereby realizing automation of the water recycling work of the device. The axial section shape of the moving cylinder 16 and the sealing cylinder 7 is "T" shape, and the moving cylinder 16 and the sealing cylinder 7 are designed to be hollow; the unique "T" shape design of the moving cylinder 16 and the sealing cylinder 7 enables one end to be affected by water pressure, the sealing cylinder 7 can strengthen the end sealing of the lining model 4 by the sealing ring 9 under the pushing action of water pressure, and the moving cylinder 16 moves upward under the buoyancy of the foam plate 17 and increases the water pressure of the device.

[0015] Working principle: first, the inner wall is equipped with stress detection device lining model 4 placed on the mounting seat 3, start telescopic rod 13, and drive sleeve rod 14 to move down, at this time, the spring 25 to the sealing cylinder 7 pressure, and make the left and right two sets of sealing cylinder 7 drive the pressing plate 8, sealing ring 9 and connecting frame 10 to the side of the lining model 4 do the opposite movement, sealing ring 9 and lining model 4 abutment, and form a seal, at the same time, the horizontal movement of the left and right two sets of connecting frame 10, drive connecting rod 11 rotation, and make the hinge seat 12 down to no longer with the bottom block 142 abutment position, at this time, telescopic rod 13, sleeve rod 14 and hinge seat 12 no longer have the force interaction; then, start the water pump 22, and pump the water stored in the water storage tank 23 into the communication pipe 2 19, and make it to the side of the lining model 4 through the transfer cylinder 18, water flow drive sealing plate 28, slide column 27 along the inner wall of the fixed cylinder 26 movement, and open the transfer cylinder 18, make the water flow through the support cylinder 15, communication pipe 1 6, sealing cylinder 7, and fill the lining model 4, then, the water flow will be in the inner cavity of the support cylinder 15 upward gathering, and make the liquid level gradually increase, according to the water pressure formula: P = ρgh, h is the water level height in the inner cavity of the support cylinder 15, the moving cylinder 16, the higher h, the greater the water pressure on the lining model 4, thereby simulating the real water pressure environment of the lining model 4 without using the pressure equipment; finally, when you need to adjust the water pressure on the inner wall of the lining model 4, just control the water pump 22 continuous water, at this time, the moving cylinder 16 and foam plate 17 upward movement under the action of buoyancy, moving cylinder 16 protrude upward, and further improve the size of water depth h, because the lining model 4 and sealing ring 9 between the pressure is getting bigger, at this time, the sealing cylinder 7 also received the same water pressure, and make its pressure on the lining model 4 synchronous increase, thereby avoiding the high pressure seepage phenomenon of sealing ring 9, when the simulation is over, start telescopic rod 2 20, and drive the steel wire rope 21 upward movement, and pull the sealing plate 28 through the moving cylinder 16, make it away from the abutment with the opening of the transfer cylinder 18, and produce gap, at this time, the water in the inner cavity of the support cylinder 15 can flow back to the water storage tank 23 along the opening. It needs to be explained that in this paper, such as first and second relationship terms are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. Moreover, the term "includes", "contains" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or equipment. Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel, comprising a base (1), a top of the base (1) is fixedly connected with a support (2), a top of the support (2) is fixedly installed with a mounting seat (3), a top of the mounting seat (3) is placed with a lining model (4), characterized in that: Both ends of the lining model (4) are provided with hydraulic pressure mechanisms, the hydraulic pressure mechanisms comprise: a support column (5) fixedly connected to the top of the base (1) and located on the left side and the right side of the mounting seat (3), the top end of the support column (5) is fixedly connected with a communicating pipe one (6), the inside of the communicating pipe one (6) is sealingly sleeved with a sealing cylinder (7) and a spring (25), the two ends of the spring (25) are elastically connected with the sealing cylinder (7) and the communicating pipe one (6) respectively, one end of the sealing cylinder (7) is fixedly connected with a pressing plate (8), the side, facing the lining model (4), of the pressing plate (8) is glued with a sealing ring (9), the sealing ring (9) abuts against the end of the lining model (4); a support cylinder (15) is fixedly installed on the left side and the right side of the top of the base (1), the inside of the support cylinder (15) is sealingly sleeved with a moving cylinder (16), the bottom of the moving cylinder (16) is fixedly connected with a foam plate (17), the outer surface of the support cylinder (15) is fixedly connected with a transfer cylinder (18), one end of the transfer cylinder (18) is fixedly connected with a communicating pipe two (19), the rear side of the top of the base (1) is provided with a water pump (22) and a water storage tank (23), the water inlet and outlet ends of the water pump (22) are communicated with the water storage tank (23) and the communicating pipe two (19) respectively;The inner wall of the transfer cylinder (18) is fixedly connected with a fixed cylinder (26) on the side facing the support cylinder (15), the inside of the fixed cylinder (26) is movably sleeved with a sliding column (27), one end of the sliding column (27) is fixedly connected with a sealing plate (28), the sealing plate (28) abuts against the opening on one side of the transfer cylinder (18) and forms a seal, the pressing plate (8), the sealing cylinder (7), the communication pipe (6) and the support cylinder (15) are sequentially communicated, the front and rear sides of the mounting seat (3) are both provided with a guide groove (29), the bottom of the side of the pressing plate (8) facing the lining model (4) is fixedly connected with a guide column (24), the guide column (24) is adaptively inserted into the guide groove (29), the bottom of the mounting seat (3) is fixedly provided with a telescopic rod (13), the bottom of the telescopic rod (13) is fixedly connected with a sleeve rod (14), the outer surface of the sleeve rod (14) is movably sleeved with a hinged seat (12), the outer surface of the sealing cylinder (7) is fixedly connected with a connecting frame (10), two groups of connecting rods (11) are movably connected between the connecting frame (10) and the hinged seat (12), the upper and lower ends of the sleeve rod (14) are respectively fixedly connected with a top block (141) and a bottom block (142), the telescopic end of the telescopic rod (13) is fixedly connected with the top block (141), the size of the top block (141) and the bottom block (142) is equal and larger than the size of the sleeve rod (14), the same gap is left between the top block (141), the bottom block (142) and the surface of the hinged seat (12), the axial cross section of the sealing ring (9) is "U" shaped, the two ends of the lining model (4) are adaptively clamped in the sealing ring (9), the sealing ring (9) is made of rubber block.

2. A test device for simulating water pressure in a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing plate (28) is sealed against the opening inner wall of the transfer cylinder (18) away from the support cylinder (15) side, and the diameter value of the sealing plate (28) is smaller than the inner diameter value of the transfer cylinder (18).

3. A test apparatus for simulating water pressure in a tunnel according to claim 2, wherein: Two groups of telescopic rods two (20) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the base (1) and correspond to the two groups of water pressure increasing mechanisms, the telescopic ends of the telescopic rods two (20) penetrate the base (1) and the support cylinder (15) upwards in sequence, and are fixedly connected with the steel wire ropes (21) located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support cylinder (15), one end of the steel wire rope (21) is fixedly connected with the sealing plate (28).

4. A test apparatus for simulating water pressure in a tunnel according to claim 3, wherein: The shaft section shape of the moving cylinder (16) and the sealing cylinder (7) is "T" shape, and the moving cylinder (16) and the sealing cylinder (7) are designed as hollow.

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