Miniaturized detector suitable for stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiation measurement

Abstract

The invention discloses a miniaturized detector suitable for stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiation measurement, and the detector comprises an ozone detection module which is used for detecting the ozone concentration in real time, and transmitting the detected ozone concentration to a data processing module; the solar irradiation module is used for tracking a solar azimuth angle in real time, synchronously acquiring three-waveband irradiation data related to ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared, and transmitting the tracked solar azimuth angle and the synchronous three-waveband irradiation data to the data processing module; and the data processing module is used for receiving the detected ozone concentration, the tracked solar azimuth angle and the synchronous three-waveband irradiation data in real time, and transmitting the detected ozone concentration, the tracked solar azimuth angle and the synchronous three-waveband irradiation data to a terminal. According to the invention, through double-light-path dynamic switching, multi-axis self-adaptive light following and extreme environment resistance design, high-precision synchronous measurement of ozone concentration and solar irradiation is realized. And the technical blank of real-time monitoring of the stratosphere environment is filled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric environment monitoring, and particularly to a miniaturized detector suitable for stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement. Background Art

[0002] Solar radiation is essential for life on Earth. The essential nature of the atmospheric thermal structure and composition is determined by the solar radiation input to the Earth. The energy of solar radiation is mainly concentrated in the visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet parts, accounting for more than 99% of the total solar radiation energy. Approximately 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere is distributed in the stratosphere, namely the so-called ozone layer. Ozone in the stratosphere of the Earth's atmosphere can absorb 70% - 80% of ultraviolet rays, which is undoubtedly a natural barrier for the Earth's ecosystem. A large number of polluting gases emitted by human activities and natural processes enter the Earth's atmosphere, causing the ozone concentration in the Earth's atmosphere to gradually change, and then leading to global and regional environmental and climate changes, such as the destruction of the ozone layer, urban photochemical smog, acid rain formation, and global warming. Solar radiation and stratospheric ozone changes profoundly affect weather and climate. Therefore, it is crucial to study the ozone concentration and sunlight intensity in the stratosphere. Real-time monitoring of stratospheric ozone concentration and solar irradiance intensity is of great significance for studying climate change, ozone layer protection, and the atmospheric environment. However, the existing technologies have the following problems: limited coverage, traditional ground-based monitoring equipment cannot cover the stratosphere, and it is difficult to obtain high-altitude data; large system volume, existing space-based detection systems are large in volume and high in power consumption, and it is difficult to achieve miniaturization; poor environmental adaptability, the sensor stability is insufficient under the extreme temperature and pressure environment (-40°C to 55°C, 0.1 standard atmosphere) in the stratosphere; weak data fusion ability, lacking the ability of multi-parameter collaborative measurement and high-precision data fusion, and it is difficult to meet the complex environmental monitoring requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the technical problems in the background art, the present invention proposes a miniaturized detector suitable for stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement.

[0004] The miniaturized detector suitable for stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement proposed by the present invention includes:

[0005] An ozone detection module for real-time detecting the ozone concentration and transmitting the detected ozone concentration to the data processing module;

[0006] A solar irradiance module for real-time tracking the solar azimuth angle, synchronously collecting three-band irradiance data related to ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared, and transmitting the tracked solar azimuth angle and the synchronized three-band irradiance data to the data processing module;

[0007] A data processing module, which is used to receive in real time the detected ozone concentration, the tracked solar azimuth angle, and the synchronized three-band irradiance data, and transmit the detected ozone concentration, the tracked solar azimuth angle, and the synchronized three-band irradiance data to the terminal.

[0008] Preferably, the ozone detection module specifically includes:

[0009] A double optical path absorption cell, which is used to measure air samples containing ozone and ozone-free air;

[0010] An air pump, which is used to suck air samples containing ozone or ozone-free air into the double optical path absorption cell;

[0011] A temperature and pressure sensor, which is used to measure the temperature and pressure inside the absorption cell in real time, and express the ozone concentration as a mixing ratio in parts per billion by volume;

[0012] A data acquisition card, which is used to receive the ozone concentration from the temperature and pressure sensor and transmit the ozone concentration data to the data processing module in real time through a serial port;

[0013] Among them, a pen-shaped mercury lamp is built into one side of the double optical path absorption cell, and a photodiode with an ultraviolet narrowband interference filter is built into the other side of the double optical path absorption cell. The central wavelength of the photodiode is 254 nm, which is used to filter ultraviolet light in other bands.

[0014] Preferably, the double optical path absorption cell is alternately connected to the air pump through a solenoid valve to enable the air pump to synchronously switch through the solenoid valve, and alternately send ozone-purified air and unpurified air into the double optical path absorption cell; the double optical path absorption cell includes two absorption cells, each absorption cell has a length of 15 cm, and each absorption cell is internally equipped with a quartz window.

[0015] Preferably, the flow rate of the air pump is specifically 1.5 L / min.

[0016] Preferably, the solar irradiance module specifically includes:

[0017] A multi-band light intensity measurement component, including a photodiode and a filter, which is used to measure the light intensity in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared bands;

[0018] A telescope, which is used for the tracking and measurement of sunlight, has an independent control module, and can be started, shut down, and standby;

[0019] Two reduction motors, which are used to adjust the telescope so that it is perpendicular to the direct sunlight;

[0020] Multiple photoresistors, which are used for the two-axis tracking of the solar irradiance module. The multiple photoresistors are arranged in different directions of the telescope and provide return signals to the controller through sunlight;

[0021] A controller, configured to receive return signals and control two reduction motors based on the return signals, so as to control the two reduction motors to adjust the telescope to be perpendicular to the direct sunlight.

[0022] A data acquisition card, further configured to collect the azimuth angle of the sun being tracked and the three-band irradiance data related to ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared, and transmit the azimuth angle of the sun being tracked and the synchronized three-band irradiance data to a data processing module.

[0023] Preferably, the controller adopts an STC15 type single-chip microcomputer.

[0024] Preferably, the solar irradiance module operates in an environment of -40°C to 55°C, and the operating pressure is 0.1 standard atmosphere.

[0025] Preferably, the data processing module is further configured to control the ozone detection module and the solar irradiance module, and store the detected ozone concentration, the azimuth angle of the sun being tracked, and the synchronized three-band irradiance data.

[0026] In the present invention, the proposed miniaturized detector applicable to stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement adopts dual-path absorption spectroscopy and multi-band light intensity measurement to ensure high-precision measurement of ozone concentration and solar irradiance intensity. It can continuously operate in the relatively extreme temperature and pressure environment of the stratosphere, with an operating temperature of -40 - 55°C and an operating pressure of 0.1 standard atmosphere, approximately 10 KPa. By detecting and analyzing the light intensity in real time, it can quickly and accurately adjust the attitude of the device, continuously and precisely track the position of the sun, making the measured solar irradiance results more accurate. During data transmission, it can monitor abnormal data in network transmission in real time and give early warnings of possible problems, such as data loss, delay, or error. The present invention has a reasonable data storage and data management system for storing historical data, including information such as ozone concentration, sunlight intensity, and cavity temperature, for easy query and review of past monitoring data. It ensures that the database can efficiently manage a large amount of historical data, provides fast data retrieval and query functions, and meets the needs of data statistics and analysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of a miniaturized detector applicable to stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the ozone detection module of a miniaturized detector applicable to stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement proposed by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the solar irradiance module architecture of a miniaturized detector proposed for stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 Simplified process schematic diagram of the light tracking system of a miniaturized detector proposed for stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement in the present invention. Specific implementation manner

[0031] Refer to Figures 1-4 A miniaturized detector proposed for stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement in the present invention includes:

[0032] An ozone detection module, which is used to detect the ozone concentration in real time and transmit the detected ozone concentration to the data processing module.

[0033] In this embodiment, the ozone detection module specifically includes:

[0034] A dual - optical - path absorption cell, which is used to measure air samples with and without ozone;

[0035] An air pump, which is used to suck air samples with or without ozone into the dual - optical - path absorption cell;

[0036] A temperature and pressure sensor, which is used to measure the temperature and pressure in the absorption cell in real time and express the ozone concentration as a mixing ratio in parts per billion by volume;

[0037] A data acquisition card, which is used to receive the ozone concentration from the temperature and pressure sensor and transmit the ozone concentration data to the data processing module in real time through a serial port;

[0038] Among them, a pen - shaped mercury lamp is built - in on one side of the dual - optical - path absorption cell, and a photodiode with an ultraviolet narrow - band interference filter is built - in on the other side of the dual - optical - path absorption cell. The central wavelength of the photodiode is 254 nm, which is used to filter ultraviolet light in other bands.

[0039] Specifically, the dual - optical - path absorption cell is alternately connected to the air pump through a solenoid valve, so that the air pump synchronously switches through the solenoid valve and alternately sends ozone - purified air and un - purified air into the dual - optical - path absorption cell; the dual - optical - path absorption cell contains two absorption cells, each absorption cell has a length of 15 cm, and a quartz window is installed inside each absorption cell.

[0040] In this embodiment, the flow rate of the air pump is specifically 1.5 L / min.

[0041] It should be noted that the ozone detection module is based on the Lambert-Beer law and uses the dual-path absorption spectroscopy method to achieve high-precision measurement of ozone concentration. The solar irradiance module combines the automatic sun-tracking and light-seeking technology and multi-band light intensity measurement to ensure the accuracy and continuity of solar irradiance intensity data. The data processing module consists of software of the upper computer (PC side) and the lower computer (STM32 microcontroller), supports remote collection, processing and transmission of data, and has functions such as system self-check, remote control, and online upgrade at the same time.

[0042] The solar irradiance module is used to track the solar azimuth angle in real time, synchronously collect three-band irradiance data related to ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared, and transmit the tracked solar azimuth angle and the synchronized three-band irradiance data to the data processing module.

[0043] In this embodiment, the solar irradiance module specifically includes:

[0044] The multi-band light intensity measurement component includes a photodiode and a filter, and is used to measure the light intensity in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared bands;

[0045] The telescope is used for the tracking and measurement of sunlight, has an independent control module, and can be started, shut down, and standby;

[0046] Two deceleration motors are used to adjust the telescope so that it is perpendicular to the direct sunlight;

[0047] Multiple photosensitive resistors are used for the two-axis tracking of the solar irradiance module. The multiple photosensitive resistors are arranged in different directions of the telescope and provide a return signal to the controller through sunlight;

[0048] The controller is used to receive the return signal and control the connection of two deceleration motors according to the return signal, and control the two deceleration motors to adjust the telescope so that it is perpendicular to the direct sunlight;

[0049] The data acquisition card is also used to collect the tracked solar azimuth angle and the three-band irradiance data related to ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared, and transmit the tracked solar azimuth angle and the synchronized three-band irradiance data to the data processing module.

[0050] In this embodiment, the controller uses an STC15 type single-chip microcomputer.

[0051] Specifically, the solar irradiance module also includes a PD optical fiber. The PD optical fiber is 2.5 meters long, has 6 cores, and has SMA905 and FC interfaces, and is used to transmit optical signals to ensure the stability and reliability of data.

[0052] Specifically, the solar irradiance module works in an environment of -40°C to 55°C, and the working pressure is 0.1 standard atmospheric pressure.

[0053] The data processing module is used to receive the detected ozone concentration, tracked solar azimuth and synchronized three-band irradiance data in real time, and transmit the detected ozone concentration, tracked solar azimuth and synchronized three-band irradiance data to the terminal.

[0054] In this embodiment, the data processing module is also used to control the ozone detection module and the solar radiation module, and store the detected ozone concentration, the tracked solar azimuth angle and the synchronized three-band radiation data.

[0055] Specifically, the absolute ozone concentration can be measured by alternating ozone and pure air in two dual-path absorption cells, Cell 1 and Cell 2. Since the ozone absorption cross section has no fine structure, there is no need to extend the optical path using a long-path reflection cell with multiple reflections during ozone detection. Instead, ozone measurement is based on the attenuation of light passing through two independent 15-centimeter-long absorption cells equipped with quartz windows.

[0056] Given the short optical path, the optical system does not require a high-power UV light source like a high-pressure mercury lamp; a low-pressure mercury lamp can meet measurement requirements. However, to ensure that both optical paths have the same wavelength and power, a pen-shaped mercury lamp is placed on one side of the absorption cell, and a photodiode (PD) is located on the other side.

[0057] The photodiode (PD) has a built-in ultraviolet narrowband interference filter with a central wavelength of 254nm, which filters out ultraviolet light in other bands. The narrower the band formed, the smaller the interference light intensity accumulated by integration, and the more accurate the measurement results are to meet the needs.

[0058] The air pump draws the sample air into the dual-path absorption cell at a flow rate of approximately 1.5 L / min, and the ozone-purified air and the unpurified air are alternately sent into the two absorption cells through synchronous switching of the solenoid valves. Figure 2 In the measurement, the light intensity (I0) passing through ozone-purified air in Cell 1 is measured, and the light intensity (I) passing through unpurified air in Cell 2 is measured. To prevent ozone concentration accumulation and interference with measurement results, the solenoid valve switches every 2 seconds, changing the air path unit that receives ozone-purified air and unpurified air.

[0059] According to the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] Where L is the path length (15 cm), σ is the absorption cross section of ozone at 254 nm (1.15×10 -17 cm 2 molecular -1 or 308 atm -1 cm -1) The known precision is approximately 1%. Based on the absorption cross-section (extinction coefficient) extracted and broadened from the HITRAN database. New ozone measurements are taken for the two optical paths every 2 seconds. Based on the updated I and I0 values, the real-time ozone concentration can be calculated by the microprocessor (MCU) of the instrument, and its precision can provide a dynamic range of five orders of magnitude; the measured value of the ozone mixing ratio can reach up to 100 ppmv at most. The short optical path also helps to achieve a wider dynamic range, but the absorption rate at higher concentrations limits the dynamic range due to the relative optical thickness (optical absorbance of log10 = 0.2).

[0062] Measure the pressure and temperature inside the absorption cell to express the ozone concentration as a mixing ratio in parts per billion by volume (ppbv). In addition to the ozone mixing ratio, the instrument can also record the temperature and pressure of the optical cell. The optical cell pressure is displayed and recorded in Torr or mbar, and the temperature is displayed and recorded in °C or K.

[0063] The ozone concentration calculated by the MCU of the ozone sensing system can be transmitted to the host computer in real time through the serial port. The host computer only needs to set the baud rate, bit width, parity bit, and stop bit to automatically receive data. In this system, the serial port baud rate can be set to 2400, 4800, or 19200, with 8-bit width, no parity check, and 1 stop bit.

[0064] At the same time, to prevent packet loss, frame disorder, etc. during serial communication, this system also sets the communication protocol between the host computer and the ozone sensing system so that the ozone sensing system can be restarted and set automatically when a communication failure occurs.

[0065] The light-tracking control system designed in this paper senses the light intensity and environmental information through modules such as the photosensitive module, combines the results of external physical information collection, adopts the sensor distributed design method to construct the distributed sensing environment of the telescope light-tracking control system, combines the single-chip microcomputer for information processing and computer control during the light-tracking control process, transmits the physical environment information to the single-chip microcomputer, combines the automatic feedback control method to design the algorithm for telescope light-tracking control, and adjusts the error of telescope light-tracking control and makes feedback through the error feedback adjustment result.

[0066] According to Figure 3 the overall design framework, modular design of the tracking solar panel light-tracking control is carried out, and the driving device of the motor is intelligently adjusted to meet the requirements of the solar panel tracking light-tracking. The PID control algorithm is used for fuzzy control, and the single-chip microcomputer program is written to design the algorithm for tracking solar panel light-tracking control, so that the sensor and the control circuit output corresponding control signals, and the circuit makes an intelligent switch between the discharge and the solar trickle charging state.

[0067] The biaxial tracking of the system is achieved by arranging light dependent resistors (LDRs) in different directions of the telescope. The LDRs provide return signals to the controller through sunlight, and the controller in turn adjusts the telescope through two reduction motors to make it perpendicular to the direct sunlight. The main principle is that when the light intensity changes, the resistance of the LDR changes accordingly, and the output voltage also changes. The change in sunlight intensity is converted into a voltage change between circuits. Subsequently, the single-chip microcomputer processes the LDR signals and controls the rotation of the photovoltaic panel through two servo motors. The main control device uses an STC15 single-chip microcomputer, and the output bus control of the tracking solar panel light chasing control system is carried out by using the voltage impulse response control method.

[0068] The automatic control module realizes the automatic control function of the entire light chasing control system, that is, uses a boost module to boost the voltage to 12V for the input voltage control of the system, adopts the fuzzy PID control method for the integrated control and adaptive tracking recognition of the system, uses the single-chip microcomputer to perform logical operation processing on the detection results of the light intensity, and conducts the omnidirectional tracking control of sunlight through the adaptive control method.

[0069] As described above, it is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized detector applicable to the measurement of stratospheric atmosphere and solar radiation, characterized in that, Including: An ozone detection module, which is used to detect the ozone concentration in real time and transmit the detected ozone concentration to the data processing module; A solar irradiance module, which is used to track the solar azimuth angle in real time, synchronously collect the three-band irradiance data related to ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared, and transmit the tracked solar azimuth angle and the synchronized three-band irradiance data to the data processing module; A data processing module, which is used to receive the detected ozone concentration, the tracked solar azimuth angle, and the synchronized three-band irradiance data in real time, and transmit the detected ozone concentration, the tracked solar azimuth angle, and the synchronized three-band irradiance data to the terminal.

2. The miniaturized detector applicable to stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that The ozone detection module specifically includes: A double-path absorption cell, which is used to measure air samples with and without ozone; An air pump, which is used to suck air samples with or without ozone into the double-path absorption cell; A temperature and pressure sensor, which is used to measure the temperature and pressure inside the absorption cell in real time, and express the ozone concentration as a mixing ratio in parts per billion by volume; A data acquisition card, which is used to receive the ozone concentration from the temperature and pressure sensor and transmit the ozone concentration data to the data processing module in real time through a serial port; Among them, a pen-shaped mercury lamp is built into one side of the double-path absorption cell, and a photodiode with an ultraviolet narrow-band interference filter is built into the other side of the double-path absorption cell. The central wavelength of the photodiode is 254 nm, which is used to filter ultraviolet light in other bands.

3. The miniaturized detector applicable to the measurement of stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The double-path absorption cell is connected to the air pump through a solenoid valve to alternately switch the gas path, so that the air pump synchronously switches through the solenoid valve, and alternately sends ozone-purified air and unpurified air into the double-path absorption cell; the double-path absorption cell contains two absorption cells, each absorption cell is 15 cm long, and each absorption cell is equipped with a quartz window inside.

4. The miniaturized detector applicable to stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow rate of the air pump is specifically 1.5 L / min.

5. The miniaturized detector applicable to the measurement of stratospheric atmosphere and solar radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar irradiance module specifically includes: A multi-band light intensity measurement component, including a photodiode and a filter, which is used to measure the light intensity in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared bands; A telescope, which is used for the tracking and measurement of sunlight, has an independent control module, and can be started, shut down, and standby; Two reduction motors, which are used to adjust the telescope so that it is perpendicular to the direct sunlight; Multiple photoresistors, which are used for the two-axis tracking of the solar irradiance module. The multiple photoresistors are arranged in different directions of the telescope and provide return signals to the controller through sunlight; A controller, which is used to receive the return signal and control the connection of the two reduction motors according to the return signal, and control the two reduction motors to adjust the telescope so that it is perpendicular to the direct sunlight; A data acquisition card, which is also used to collect the tracked solar azimuth angle and the three-band irradiance data related to ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared, and transmit the tracked solar azimuth angle and the synchronized three-band irradiance data to the data processing module.

6. The miniaturized detector applicable to stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement according to claim 5, wherein The controller uses an STC15 type single-chip microcomputer.

7. The miniaturized detector applicable to stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar irradiance module works in an environment of -40°C to 55°C, and the working pressure is 0.1 standard atmospheric pressure.

8. The miniaturized detector applicable to stratospheric atmosphere and solar irradiance measurement according to claim 1, wherein The data processing module is also used to control the ozone detection module and the solar irradiance module, and store the detected ozone concentration, the tracked solar azimuth angle, and the synchronized three-band irradiance data.

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