In-situ tracing, precise identification, and delineation of radon gas in shallow, concealed fire zones: a prevention and control system.

Abstract

This invention relates to a system for the precise identification, delineation, and prevention of radon in shallow, concealed fire zones. Belonging to the field of mine fire prevention technology, it aims to construct a multi-coordinated closed-loop management chain encompassing dynamic monitoring, precise delineation, and targeted sealing. The system includes an in-situ radon detection and monitoring unit that uses an intelligent drilling and burial linkage self-avoidance radon detection device to complete integrated drilling and cup sampling operations, monitoring abnormal radon concentration signals in real time. A radon magnetic field method for precise fire zone delineation integrates a dual-parameter ring-shaped radon magnetic field measurement network layout, combining the intersection and union anomaly area division method and the comprehensive anomaly index threshold method to quantitatively and hierarchically delineate fire source control zones. A surface fissure adaptive sealing management unit employs a dynamic material-shoveling and solidifying mud-sealing device. Through bucket-prepared soil screening and conveying, real-time slurry preparation by a synthesis system, directional slurry spraying by the sealing mechanism, and tracked ballast compaction sealing, it isolates the surface and underground air leakage channels, achieving efficient management of concealed fire zones in shallow coal seams.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a system for the precise identification, delineation, and prevention of radon in shallow, concealed fire zones through in-situ radon detection and monitoring, precise delineation of concealed fire zones, and surface fissure sealing and treatment technologies, belonging to the field of mine fire prevention technology. Background Technology

[0002] my country's energy consumption exhibits a "one large, three small" pattern, dominated by coal. With the depletion of resources in eastern mining areas, the focus of coal development is gradually shifting to the central and western regions, which possess geological advantages such as shallow burial, thick coal seams, and ease of mining. However, due to their unique geological conditions, shallow-buried coal seams are prone to overburden deformation and fracturing during mining, forming vertically developed fissures that penetrate the surface. These fissures create efficient oxygen transport channels between the surface depressions and underground goaf areas. The high permeability of the loose loess overlying the shallow-buried coal seams exacerbates air leakage and oxygen diffusion efficiency. Continuous oxygen supply promotes the oxidation and release of heat from the remaining coal in the goaf areas. The accumulation of heat easily forms hidden fire zones with multi-field coupling characteristics. The location of the fire source dynamically migrates with the fissures, blurring the boundaries of the fire zone and significantly increasing the risk of disaster. The coupling effect between surface depressions and fissures and hidden fire zones in shallow-buried coal seams constitutes a major technical challenge for coal mine fire prevention and control. Therefore, accurate identification, delineation, and control of potential fire zones are crucial for the safe and high-quality development of mines.

[0003] Currently, traditional infrared thermography and gas analysis methods for detecting and monitoring concealed fire zones in shallow coal seams are easily affected by surface fissures and airflow, and the large temperature gradient between the surface and the coal seam results in insufficient accuracy in locating concealed fire zones. While radon isotope measurement, as a dynamic tracking method for identifying large-scale fire zones at multiple measurement points, suffers from limitations such as uneven surface conditions hindering the movement of the radon measuring device, relatively isolated drilling and cup sampling processes, and susceptibility to complex airflow disturbances in fissures leading to inconsistent radon concentration measurements. Dynamic mining conditions also present challenges. Currently, radon monitoring points are mostly arranged with uniform spacing, making it difficult to achieve the required accuracy in detecting areas of collapsed surface fissures. The identification and delineation of hidden fire zones are subject to judgment based on a single parameter, resulting in a high rate of misjudgment in the delineation of abnormal areas and unclear boundaries. Furthermore, the methods for sealing the surface air leakage channels connecting different levels of hidden fire zones are limited and cannot effectively manage potential fire zones. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a three-dimensional prevention and control system that integrates an in-situ radon detection and monitoring unit, a radon magnetic method for precise delineation of fire zones, and an adaptive sealing and management unit for surface fissures, in order to accurately identify and efficiently control hidden fire zones. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an in-situ radon gas in-situ tracing, precise identification, delineation, and prevention system for shallow concealed fire zones. This system can in-situ trace radon gas that migrates from underground fire zones to the surface through fissures, accurately delineate potential fire zones of different prevention and control levels, and efficiently seal through-fissures, thereby isolating ventilation paths that supply oxygen from the surface to the underground and eliminating the dangerous and catastrophic nature of concealed fire zones in coal mines.

[0005] This invention provides a system for the precise identification, delineation, and prevention of radon gas in shallow, concealed fire zones through in-situ tracing, comprising three parts: an in-situ radon detection and monitoring unit, a radon magnetic method fire zone precise delineation unit, and an adaptive sealing and treatment unit for surface fissures.

[0006] The in-situ radon detection and monitoring unit proposed in this invention includes an intelligent drilling and burial linkage self-obstacle avoidance radon detection device and an in-situ tracing multi-linkage detection principle; a radon magnetic method fire zone precise delineation unit, mainly including a dynamic mining radon magnetic method ring-shaped measuring point layout and a radon multi-parameter fusion fire zone hierarchical delineation algorithm; and a surface fissure adaptive sealing and treatment unit, including a dynamic material shoveling and solidification mud slurry precise sealing device.

[0007] The intelligent drilling and burial linkage obstacle avoidance radon detection device includes an intelligent drilling cup sampling fusion device, a long hole casing packer, a radon detection element, a radon value transmission and control module, and a collapse self-avoidance buffer three-dimensional device.

[0008] Optionally, the self-avoiding obstacle buffer three-dimensional device for receding mainly includes an all-around sliding damping buffer wheel, a millimeter-wave lidar, a dual-field-of-view collapse early warning infrared sensor, and a high-strength carbon fiber explosion-proof energy-absorbing layer.

[0009] Optional, the all-around sliding damping buffer wheel includes a six-axis shock-absorbing drive wheel, a damping deformation spring, a pneumatic support rod, a dual-axis reciprocating torque hinge, and a sliding transverse guide rail.

[0010] The six-axis shock-absorbing drive wheel achieves dynamic buffering and power transmission through a double-layer hub and six springs connected bearings. The outer ring is designed with a wide tire anti-slip tread layer, which directly contacts the uneven ground surface. The inner layer integrates a drive shaft interface hole in the center, and spring connection points are evenly distributed around the perimeter. The six springs are symmetrically distributed at 60° equal angles, connecting the inner and outer hubs to form a ring-shaped shock-absorbing matrix, allowing free deformation in the vertical, lateral and torsional directions.

[0011] Optionally, the damping deformation spring is a composite spring that integrates elastic deformation and energy dissipation functions. Its main body is a high-strength compression helical spring with a hollow internal structure and a piston-separated chamber. Through small holes, it generates damping force during compression or tension to suppress high-frequency vibration, forming a dual ground-adaptive spring buffer mechanism with the six-axis shock-absorbing drive wheel.

[0012] Optionally, the pneumatic support rod passes through the middle of the damping deformation spring, forming a coaxial nested integrated structure. The external spring dominates the deformation of the ground surface undulations. The pneumatic support rod reduces vibration and friction under low pressure. When the reverse air pressure increases, it shares the overload of the spring. The two ends of the pneumatic support rod are fixed to the dual-axis reciprocating torque hinge through double-row bearings.

[0013] Optionally, the dual-axis reciprocating torque hinge is symmetrically arranged in parallel, with the two rotation axes intersecting at 90°. During the pressure and vibration process, the hinge connection moves synchronously between 30° and 120° rotation angles, which can withstand radial and axial dual loads and realize multi-degree-of-freedom motion.

[0014] Optionally, the sliding transverse guide rail is fixed to the bottom of the intelligent drilling and burial linkage obstacle avoidance radon detection device, and is used to mount a six-axis shock-absorbing drive wheel, providing a steerable sliding track. When a static obstacle is detected on the ground surface, the six-axis shock-absorbing drive wheel triggers a rotation command and slides in opposite directions on the sliding transverse guide rail, changing the original direction of travel before continuing to move forward.

[0015] The millimeter-wave lidar is a multi-modal sensor that integrates millimeter-wave monitoring and lidar. It is used to detect the location of obstacles in complex terrain environments. It has high-resolution three-dimensional imaging capabilities and anti-interference characteristics. After initially locating the obstacle area, it measures the distance to the dynamic and static obstacles through the laser emission module and outputs the predicted motion trajectory.

[0016] The dual-field-of-view collapse early warning infrared sensor is equipped with a dual-field-of-view switching lens, which is divided into a wide-angle detection mode and a narrow-angle focusing mode. It initially adopts a wide-angle field of view of 150° to quickly scan the ground surface along the travel path, and then switches to a narrow-angle mode of 30° to closely focus on the concentrated depression area. An infrared laser array is added to improve the ability to monitor and image the deformation of the ground surface at night.

[0017] The high-strength carbon fiber explosion-proof energy-absorbing layer is a composite of carbon fiber and tough polymer, arranged in a gradient from dense to sparse. The outer layer is a high-density woven layer to resist multi-directional impact loads, while the inner layer achieves energy absorption and buffering functions through a porous honeycomb structure.

[0018] The intelligent drilling and cup sampling fusion device is divided into an intelligent drilling module and a cup sampling module. After the intelligent drilling module efficiently drills the hole and simultaneously recovers the slag and dust, the cup sampling module immediately and accurately places the sampling cup at the bottom of the hole. The intelligent embedded dual-drive steering arm realizes the integrated radon detection of drilling and cup sampling, improving the efficiency of radon detection. The intelligent drilling module consists of a continuously variable speed auger drill rod, a miniature pressure-resistant identification probe, a counter-rotating slag collection and dust removal device, and a slag collection box.

[0019] Optionally, the continuously variable speed spiral drill rod has blade pitch that gradually changes along the drill rod axis. The dense area at the front end enhances the rotational driving force and insertion speed of the drill rod, while the dispersed area at the rear end reduces rotational resistance. It adopts a high-power electromagnetic unit for coupling drive, and the drill rod and drill bit speed can be continuously adjusted within the range of 10 to 300 rpm, realizing stepless adjustment of torque and speed dual degrees of freedom.

[0020] The miniature pressure resistance identification probe is installed at the connection between the continuously variable speed auger drill rod and the drill bit. It integrates a fiber optic torque sensor to monitor drilling resistance in real time and feed it back to the control system. It identifies rock hardness and fracture density probe data and pre-adjusts parameters according to different geological conditions. It dynamically adjusts to high torque and low speed for hard rock layers and low torque and high speed for soft soil layers, so as to achieve dynamic matching between formation characteristics and drilling parameters.

[0021] Optionally, the opposing separation dust collector is installed inside the hollow cavity of the continuously variable speed spiral drill rod. At the drill bit, a local negative pressure is generated by high-speed airflow to enhance the suction force of dust and slag. The cavity is designed with axial tangential auxiliary airflow to form a spiral vortex, and centrifugal force is used to achieve synchronous suction and separation of dust and slag.

[0022] The drill cuttings collection box has a visual window installed on the side to display the cuttings filling status in real time. The bottom is integrated with a roller slide rail system with a load-bearing capacity of 50-80kg, which supports quick disassembly and transportation by a single person. It is equipped with a multi-level aperture vibrating screen. The coarse screen intercepts large-diameter rock fragments, while the fine screen collects small-diameter drill cuttings, realizing automatic classification and storage of cuttings.

[0023] The buried cup sampling module includes a dual-chamber rotary cup storage chamber, a sampling cup, a linkage-driven cup-buying frame, and a trigger-activated radon gas single-permeation sealing cap. The dual-chamber rotary cup storage chamber loads the sampling cups sequentially, the linkage-driven cup-buying frame precisely grabs and pushes them into the borehole, and the trigger-activated radon gas single-permeation sealing cap automatically closes to ensure efficient radon gas adsorption. This achieves coordinated operation of the entire process of cup positioning and sealing, improving the accuracy and reliability of radon gas sampling.

[0024] The dual-compartment rotary cup storage chamber includes a reverse-rotating load-bearing base, a ball bearing, a lightweight self-weight drop port, and a self-springing touch button. It is used to store multiple rows of sampling cups. Through an intelligent self-identification mechanism, a trigger-type radon gas single-permeation sealing cap is loaded onto the bottom of the sampling cup. The cup grabbing and burying operation is carried out with the help of an intelligent embedded dual-drive steering arm.

[0025] The intelligent embedded dual-drive steering arm integrates a continuously variable speed auger drill rod and a linkage steering cup holder. It intelligently switches the working mode through dual power drive units and adds a dynamic shock-absorbing capacity rod as an automatic fixing idle module when the drill rod or cup holder is working alternately, so as to avoid buffering vibration interference.

[0026] Optionally, the linkage steering cup holder mainly includes a gripping cup holder, an end telescopic guide rod, a conjugate transmission gear, and an axial tension rod. The linkage steering cup holder drives the steering angle through the conjugate transmission gear, the gripping cup holder precisely holds the sampling cup, the axial tension rod pushes it to the drilling position, the conjugate transmission gear rotates synchronously to ensure vertical positioning, the end telescopic guide rod adjusts the cup embedment depth, and after reaching the layer depth position, the cup is released, and the trigger-type radon gas single-permeation sealing cap automatically closes to ensure that the sampling cup is tightly attached to the borehole wall and bottom.

[0027] Optionally, the trigger-type radon gas single-permeation sealing cap is composed of an elastic recognition ring and a microporous molecular sieve membrane. When the sampling cup is placed at the bottom of the hole, the cup body is pressed to trigger the elastic recognition ring to expand, forming a sealed space tightly against the hole wall. The molecular sieve membrane only allows radon gas to permeate into the cup in one direction, blocking other interfering gases and dust particles.

[0028] The long-hole casing packer adopts a modular layered sealing design. Through the synergistic effect of the spiral hollow wall-mounted casing, the socket-type disassembly buckle, the segmented expansion integrated airtight bladder, and the adaptive compensation sealing ring, it achieves multi-level dynamic sealing and support within the borehole.

[0029] The long-hole sleeve packer uses a telescopic sleeve structure to drive the modular unit to expand radially, forming a rigid support tightly against the hole wall to prevent the loess layer at a certain burial depth from collapsing. After sampling, the pressure is released and the packer is contracted to remove the long-hole sleeve packer, ensuring that the sampling cup can be removed completely. It has both pressure-resistant sealing and quick disassembly functions.

[0030] Optionally, the spiral hollow wall-mounted sleeve is designed with an engaging threaded outer wall, fitted onto the outside of the sampling cup, and anchored by rotating and pressing it into the hole wall. The diameter D of the hollow inner cavity is... in =12~15cm, providing a protective channel for the sampling cup, with a triangular arrangement of embedded fixing cones at the bottom to prevent the sleeve from shifting laterally and ensure the stable installation and sealing of the sampling cup.

[0031] Optionally, the socket-type disassembly buckle is divided into a press-type lever bracket and a double shock-absorbing clip. The press-type lever bracket uses the lever principle to fasten the components quickly into the single hole of the round tube clip on the outer side of the spiral hollow wall sleeve through the rigid round tube clip. The double shock-absorbing clip completes the bidirectional vibration buffer between the spiral hollow wall sleeve and the segmented expansion integrated airtight bladder through elastic deformation.

[0032] Optionally, the segmented expansion integrated airtight bladder is composed of multiple independent air bladder units, with the number increasing or decreasing according to different depth positions. It expands and fills the gaps between drill holes of different depths from bottom to top. The air bladders are connected in series through adaptive compensation sealing rings, and they work in sync to fit tightly against the inner wall of the irregular hole, forming a continuous longitudinal sealing barrier.

[0033] Optionally, the adaptive compensation sealing ring has a built-in temperature sensor and an expansion-contraction response coating to sense changes in the shape and temperature of the borehole wall in real time. When the borehole wall is irregular or the temperature difference causes a gap, the temperature sensor triggers the expansion-contraction response coating to expand due to heat. The expansion rate is adjustable within 5% to 15%. After cooling, it shrinks and recovers, dynamically adapting to different borehole diameters and geological conditions.

[0034] The in-situ tracing multi-linkage detection principle achieves precise positioning, intelligent sampling, and dynamic correction through advanced sensing by the GPS positioning system, borehole monitoring by the intelligent drilling module, in-situ acquisition by the buried cup sampling module, signal processing by the radon detection element, compensation and correction by the radon value transmission and control module, and multi-dimensional data fusion feedback.

[0035] Optionally, the GPS positioning system initially determines the location of the concealed fire area and the radon measurement point. Using a continuously variable speed auger drill rod, a hole is drilled to the ground to the target depth, with a drilling depth of H1 = 40-50 cm. In areas with concentrated surface fissures, the drilling depth is extended longitudinally to H2 = 70-80 cm. Simultaneously, slag removal operations are carried out. After the sampling cup is accurately placed at the target depth, in-situ radon gas collection is performed.

[0036] Optionally, the core of the radon detection element is an alpha energy spectrum sensor. The internal semiconductor detector of the sensor captures alpha particles released by radon decay and generates an electrical signal. The characteristic energy peaks of radon isotopes are distinguished by energy spectrum analysis technology, and the particle count rate is converted into a radon concentration pulse signal to realize real-time dynamic monitoring of in-situ radon concentration.

[0037] The radon value transmission and control module is equipped with a temperature and humidity compensation element, which collects environmental data in real time, uses a compensation algorithm to correct environmental interference in real time, integrates borehole coordinates, borehole temperature and surface temperature and humidity data, corrects the temperature and humidity attenuation error of the alpha pulse signal, constructs a multi-dimensional database, outputs accurate radon concentration values, and uploads them to the cloud in real time via a wireless communication module to dynamically monitor abnormal fluctuations in radon concentration.

[0038] The compensation correction formula is as follows:

[0039] Optional, where S c To correct the pulse signal strength, S r To measure the pulse signal intensity, T0 and RH0 are the calibration reference temperature and humidity. z Let denoted as temperature at borehole depth z, D(T0) be the diffusion coefficient of radon at temperature T0, η(RH0) be the collection efficiency at humidity RH0, λ be the radon decay constant, and Δt be the sampling time.

[0040] Optionally, if the vertical temperature gradient between the borehole and the surface is significant, the borehole temperature parameters can be recalculated with secondary correction. In the formula Tup It represents the surface temperature. After the measured pulse signal is dynamically calibrated by a compensation algorithm, it outputs an accurate radon concentration value.

[0041] The dynamic mining radon magnetic method ring-type measurement point layout integrates borehole radon measurement and magnetic fire zone detection technologies to form a radon-magnetic field dual-parameter ring-type measurement network. Borehole radon measurement is based on the upward migration characteristics of decaying radon in high-temperature fire zones, and anomalies in radon concentration in the borehole are detected by an alpha energy spectrum sensor. The magnetic method utilizes the attenuation of rock strata due to high temperature in the fire zone, and measures the change in the surface magnetic field gradient by a high-precision magnetometer to accurately delineate the range of hidden fire zones.

[0042] Optionally, the radon-magnetic field dual-parameter ring network is designed with targeted and concentrated measurement points based on the development of surface air leakage fissures. The measurement points are arranged in a layered, progressive ring layout with the fissure development zone as the center. The diameter of the radon measurement points is set as d, and the number of layers is set as m. The diameter of the radon measurement points is d = [10m + 2(m-1)]m. Each layer has 4 to 6 measurement points, forming an increasing concentric ring network. The measurement point depth in the conventional area is 40 to 50 cm, and the measurement point depth in the collapse area extends to 70 to 80 cm, covering the radon migration path of the disturbed layer.

[0043] Optionally, the magnetic sampling points do not require drilling and are arranged in a surface matrix, with the center of the sampling point as the origin and the diagonal distance between the magnetic sampling points set to l. The spacing between measuring points gradually increases with the number of layers, and they are staggered along the gaps between the radon measuring points. High-precision magnetometers are deployed directly on the ground surface to quickly scan changes in the magnetic field gradient. Thermal anomaly boundaries are identified by superimposing the data with radon measurement data.

[0044] The radon multi-parameter fusion fire zone classification and delineation algorithm uses radon gas value, magnetic field value and temperature value as multiple evaluation parameters. It combines the intersection and union of abnormal areas division method with the comprehensive abnormal index threshold method to establish a multi-dimensional classification model and delineate four levels of fire source prevention and control zones according to the condition matrix.

[0045] Optionally, the intersection-union anomaly region division method independently divides anomaly regions based on a single parameter threshold. Multiple sampling points (n) are taken in areas without fire source interference to calculate the radon background value R0. A radon anomaly threshold is set for a radon concentration higher than 3-4 times the radon background value, and radon anomaly regions are divided accordingly. A ground magnetic field reference value M0 is measured, and a magnetic anomaly region is divided with a value 15-30% lower than the reference value. A vertical temperature gradient threshold of 5-10℃ / m is set, and a thermal anomaly region is determined when the temperature change exceeds the threshold.

[0046] Optionally, the radon background value magnetic field reference value

[0047] Optionally, the spatial intersection and union superposition algorithm is adopted to divide the total parameter synchronization exception intersection into the first-level fire source prevention and control area, the intersection area of any two parameters is designated as the second-level fire source prevention and control area, the single parameter abnormal area is determined as the third-level fire source prevention and control area, and the remaining area is the fourth-level safety protection area.

[0048] In the comprehensive anomaly index threshold method, dynamic weights are assigned to multiple parameters, and the final level is quantitatively adjusted through a conditional decision matrix. The contribution degrees of the radon gas value (R), magnetic field value (M), and temperature value (T) of the measuring point to the fire area identification are weighted and summed, normalized to the same dimension, and the comprehensive decision index F is calculated, F = w1·R + w2·M + w3·T, where w i is the weight fraction.

[0049] Optionally, based on the specificity balance analysis, a comprehensive anomaly discrimination threshold c is set, and the intersection area is superimposed with the result of the comprehensive decision index F≥c. The area where F<c in the first-level fire source prevention and control area is downgraded to the second-level key prevention and control area, the area where F≥c in the second-level fire source prevention and control area is upgraded to the first-level high-risk prevention and control area, the area where F≥c in the third-level fire source prevention and control area is upgraded to the second-level key prevention and control area. If there is an area where F≥c in the fourth-level safety protection area, a new third-level potential prevention and control area is added, and the rest remain at the original level. Under the multi-parameter collaborative anomaly characteristics, the final fire source prevention and control area level is accurately calibrated.

[0050] The dynamic shoveling and curing mud precise plugging device mainly includes four units: a concave adaptive chassis system, a rotary bucket soil-taking and conveying module, an in-situ curing material synthesis system, and a crack plugging execution mechanism.

[0051] Optionally, the concave adaptive chassis system consists of an omnidirectional mobile Mecanum wheel and a hydraulic dense ballast track. The omnidirectional mobile Mecanum wheel supports lateral translation and rotation in place, and is responsible for flexible movement on the concave ground and obstacle avoidance. The hydraulic dense ballast track is used for crack plugging compaction, dynamically switches the wheel-track mode, and realizes stable travel and load.

[0052] Optionally, the omnidirectional mobile Mecanum wheel consists of a wheel hub and 8 groups of 45°-obliquely arranged free rollers. The rollers are arranged in a spiral around the wheel hub. When the motor drives the wheel hub to rotate, the rollers generate a lateral component force when contacting the ground. By coordinating the rotation speed and steering of the four wheels, the multi-directional movement modes of forward, lateral movement, diagonal movement, and rotation in place are dynamically switched, and 360° flexible movement is achieved without a steering mechanism.

[0053] Optionally, the hydraulic dense ballast track consists of a diamond-shaped anti-slip track plate, a hydraulic drive motor, and an adjustable ballast bin. The surface of the track plate is stagger-designed with anti-slip convex teeth, and stable travel is achieved through the hydraulic motor driving the chain drive. Different weight-bearing blocks are configured in the adjustable ballast bin, and the ground contact load force of the hydraulic dense ballast track on the ground can be dynamically adjusted.

[0054] The rotary bucket soil extraction and conveying module includes a rotary driven soil-collecting bucket, an acrylic visible side-sliding shell, a spiral crusher rotating blade, and a vibrating adjustable screen. It extracts materials by rotating and cutting into the soil layer on the current ground surface. The spiral crusher rotating blade simultaneously crushes large-particle rocks, and the soil is vibrated at high frequency by the vibrating adjustable screen, realizing full automation of the excavation, crushing, screening and conveying process.

[0055] Optionally, the rotary drive soil collection bucket consists of a hollow steel shovel body, a hydraulic drive motor, and equidistant teeth. The equidistant teeth enable uniform scraping of the loess layer, and the hollow hole structure reduces the overall weight by 30-40%. At the same time, it guides the soil and debris into the central soil collection cavity to prevent debris from clogging the dead corners around the shovel body.

[0056] Optionally, the acrylic visible side-sliding shell is connected to the hollow steel shovel body via a slide rail, which monitors the soil extraction status in real time and adjusts the soil intake synchronously by sliding. The opening of the lateral side-sliding soil inlet is adjustable from 0 to 270°. When fully closed, it is used to receive fine-grained loess after screening.

[0057] Optionally, the spiral crusher blades are designed with a combination of five and seven blades. After the coarse loess is initially crushed by the five blades, it enters the gap between the seven blades for secondary crushing and grinding. After being separated by an adjustable screen, the target particle size loess is selected for use in the sealing preparation.

[0058] Optionally, the vibrating adjustable screen generates horizontal and vertical composite vibration through a vibration motor. The screen inclination angle is adjustable within the range of 30 to 150°. Fine soil falls through the screen holes into the lower acrylic side-sliding shell and is transported to the loess feeding hopper by a conveyor belt. Large particles slide out of the screen along the screen surface, realizing efficient separation of multi-stage particle size soil layers.

[0059] The in-situ synthesis system for the solidified material includes a loess feeding silo, a horizontal water storage tank, an impermeable solidifying agent addition silo, and a multi-stage in-situ mixing silo.

[0060] Optionally, the impermeable curing agent addition chamber adopts a sealed and moisture-proof design, with an externally connected parameter dynamic adjustment valve. The output of the impermeable curing agent is automatically controlled by the air leakage through cracks, ensuring that the curing agent is accurately mixed with loess and water as needed.

[0061] The fissure sealing actuator is designed as a high-pressure paste-like mud injector. The nozzle adopts a conical design to enhance the jet impact force. The compound paste-like mud is pressurized and adjusted by a high-pressure pump. The multi-directional adjustable nozzle adapts to the width and direction of the fissure and dynamically adjusts the injection pressure and angle to ensure that the paste-like mud penetrates deep into the surface fissure and fills it evenly. Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1A map for the accurate identification and delineation of radon gas in shallow, concealed fire zones, providing in-situ tracing for prevention and control.

[0063] Figure 2 Diagram of a surface intelligent drilling and burial linkage self-obstruction radon detection device;

[0064] Figure 3 Structural diagram of the intelligent drilling cup sampling fusion device;

[0065] Figure 4 Diagram of the support structure for the duct of a long-hole sleeve packer;

[0066] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of multi-linkage detection for in-situ radon gas tracing;

[0067] Figure 6 Layout diagram of ring-type measuring points for radon magnetic method in dynamic mining;

[0068] Figure 7 A diagram illustrating the multi-fusion fire zone classification and delineation algorithm for radon magnetic field measurement;

[0069] Figure 8 Diagram of a dynamic material-shoveling and solidifying mud precision sealing device;

[0070] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of adaptive and precise sealing of surface fissures. Detailed Implementation

[0071] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the features and implementation methods of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0072] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a system for the precise identification, delineation, and prevention of radon in shallow, concealed fire zones through in-situ tracing. It mainly comprises three units: an in-situ radon detection and monitoring unit, a radon magnetic field method for precise fire zone delineation, and an adaptive sealing and treatment unit for surface fissures. The schematic diagram clearly shows that for potential concealed fire zones in shallow coal seams, in-situ radon tracing is used to monitor radon concentration in real time, accurately locating underground fire sources. A ring-shaped monitoring network integrating radon and magnetic field parameters is integrated, threshold values ​​are used to delineate fire zone boundaries, and dynamic surface material removal and ballast technology is used to efficiently seal developing fissures and block air leakage channels.

[0073] The in-situ tracer radon measurement method involves radon gas (Rn) migrating upwards from the coal seam fire zone along developed fractures. A sampling cup is buried in a borehole on the surface. The intelligent drilling and burial linkage self-obstruction radon measurement device adapts to the uneven surface. The borehole is drilled to the target depth, and a specially designed sampling cup is buried simultaneously. The sealing cover is automatically closed to collect pure radon gas. The decay releases alpha particles, which are captured by an alpha energy spectrum sensor and converted into pulse signals. Based on the abnormal radon concentration value, the hidden fire zone is accurately located.

[0074] Optional, such as Figure 1 As shown, after initially locating the potential fire zone, the radon and magnetic field technologies were combined to accurately assess the status and combustion path of the hidden fire zone. For the large surface fissure zone, a dual-parameter ring network of radon and magnetic field was adopted to simultaneously monitor the abnormal changes in radon concentration and magnetic field. Using radon, magnetic field and temperature values ​​as multiple evaluation parameters, the intersection and union of the single parameter threshold anomaly areas were calculated to initially classify the risk level. Then, based on the dynamic weight and threshold matrix, the four-level fire source prevention and control zone was accurately delineated.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, according to different levels of fire source control zones, a dynamic material-shoveling and solidifying slurry precision sealing device is used to grout and seal surface fissures. It mainly consists of four parts: a depression adaptive chassis system, a rotary bucket soil extraction and conveying module, a solidifying material in-situ synthesis system, and a fissure sealing execution mechanism. It completes the entire process of sealing operations, including surface material extraction, dynamic volume adjustment in-situ synthesis, fissure air leakage identification, and ballast track filling, to isolate oxygen supply channels and realize a multi-effect prevention and control system that integrates in-situ radon gas tracing, identification, delineation, and sealing in concealed fire zones.

[0076] Figure 2 As shown, the surface intelligent drilling and burial linkage self-obstacle avoidance radon detection device mainly realizes the coordinated functions of depression buffering and obstacle avoidance, intelligent drilling and burial cup, and radon gas detection and transmission. When the surface drilling and radon detection operation is started, the depression self-obstacle avoidance buffer three-dimensional device identifies the surface state of the travel path through millimeter-wave lidar. When a raised obstacle is detected, the six-axis shock-absorbing drive wheel receives the rotation command and realizes 360° omnidirectional rotation to move forward according to the latest path. If it still maintains the original path to cross the obstacle, the omnidirectional sliding damping buffer wheel moves laterally with the help of the sliding lateral guide rail. By changing the distance between the two wheels, it avoids the raised obstacle and thus maintains the original direction to continue moving forward.

[0077] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, when encountering depressions and cracks, the omnidirectional sliding damping buffer wheel achieves multi-directional shock absorption through the damping deformation spring. The dual-axis reciprocating torque hinge works synchronously with the damping deformation spring to complete the impact buffering in the vertical and torsional directions. When operating at night, the dual-field-of-view collapse early warning infrared sensor is activated in dual modes to enhance the imaging and monitoring capabilities of night scenes. The wide-angle mode quickly scans the ground path, while the narrow-angle mode accurately focuses on the crack and depression area. During the movement, it works in conjunction with the high-strength carbon fiber explosion-proof energy-absorbing layer to achieve multi-dimensional shock absorption and buffering functions.

[0078] Figure 3As shown, after initially determining the central radon measurement point, intelligent drilling and gas collection sampling are carried out sequentially. The continuously variable speed auger drill rod is embedded and drilled according to the target hole depth. The micro pressure-resistant identification probe at the lower end monitors the formation characteristics in real time during the drilling process. The self-adjusting torque and speed are driven by the electromagnetic unit, and the drill bit deflection state is adjusted accordingly for hard rock layers. The opposing separation slag collector and dust collector in the inner cavity of the drill rod simultaneously carries out slag removal work. The spiral vortex formed by the axial tangential auxiliary airflow drives the slag and dust to be drawn upward and separated. It is then transported to the drill slag collection box through the conveying channel. The recovered and stored slag and dust can be used for the synthesis of fracture sealing materials.

[0079] Optional, such as Figure 3 As shown, the cup sampling module synchronously retrieves the cup from the dual-compartment rotary cup storage chamber. A single sampling cup is thrown out from the lightweight self-weight drop port, rotated to the right side of the dual-compartment rotary cup storage chamber via the reverse rotating load-bearing base, and a self-spring-loaded touch button pushes a single trigger-type radon gas single-permeation sealing cap as needed, which is fitted onto the bottom of the sampling cup. The intelligent embedded dual-drive steering arm rotates and bends, driving the linkage steering cup-laying frame to grab the sampling cup. The axial tension rod is stretched to the borehole inlet position, and then the descent height is adjusted by the end telescopic guide rod. After reaching the target borehole depth, the cup is released, and the trigger-type radon gas single-permeation sealing cap automatically closes, adsorbing and collecting radon gas in situ.

[0080] Figure 4 As shown, after the sampling cup is buried, a long-hole sleeve packer is used for sealing support. The spiral hollow wall-mounted sleeve is spirally embedded into the hole wall to form initial support and prevent the sampling cup from sliding laterally. The number of segmented expansion integrated airtight bladders is selected according to the drilling depth, and they are expanded and filled in the drilling gaps from bottom to top as needed. The socket-type disassembly buckle is quickly locked by pressing the bracket to connect the rigid support layer and the flexible air bladder layer. The adaptive compensation sealing ring is elastically adjusted according to the shape of the hole wall and temperature changes to compensate for local irregular pores and form a modular layered sealing barrier. After the radon gas sampling is completed, the modules are quickly separated by depressurization and contraction and buckle disassembly.

[0081] Figure 5 As shown, a GPS positioning system is used to mark potential fire zones and plan drilling points to ensure that the detection target area covers the core of the fire source and the diffusion path. At the central radon measurement point, the intelligent drilling module drills into the target layer depth using a continuously variable speed auger. Based on the stratum feedback, the drilling speed and torque are adjusted in real time, and the opposite slag collection work is started simultaneously to ensure the cleanliness and structural stability of the borehole. The buried cup sampling module places the sampling cup at the bottom of the hole, and the trigger-type radon gas single-permeation sealing cap automatically closes. The sampling cup fits tightly against the borehole wall to form a closed chamber, allowing radon gas to permeate only from the bottom in one direction, blocking CO, CH4 and dust particles from interfering with impurities and improving sampling accuracy.

[0082] Optional, such as Figure 5As shown, the alpha spectrum sensor in the radon detection element captures alpha particles generated by radon decay through an internal silicon semiconductor detector. The alpha particles are then distinguished by the radon isotope characteristic peaks through the energy spectrum analysis circuit and converted into visual pulse signals. The temperature and humidity compensation element monitors environmental parameters in real time and corrects signal offsets through a temperature and humidity fitting algorithm to ensure that the radon concentration value truly reflects the heat source intensity. Multi-dimensional data are fused and analyzed by the radon value transmission and control module to generate a three-dimensional distribution model of abnormal radon concentration fluctuations, allowing for a direct examination of the distribution status of underground fire zones.

[0083] Figure 6 As shown, the dynamic mining radon magnetic field method uses a ring-shaped monitoring point layout. It employs a dual-parameter fusion fire zone detection technology with radon magnetic complementarity and layered coverage design. The radon monitoring point layout is centered on the fracture development zone and adopts a layered ring-progressive design, expanding from the target center to the periphery layer by layer. The monitoring points in each layer are arranged with a diameter d = [10m + 2(m-1)]m, forming a concentric ring monitoring point network. In conventional areas, the drilling depth is 40-50cm, and 4-6 radon monitoring points are evenly distributed in each layer to cover the main radon migration channel. In the collapsed and fractured areas, due to the strong soil disturbance, the monitoring point depth is increased to 70-80cm to accurately capture deep radon gas anomaly signals.

[0084] Optional, Figure 6 As shown, the magnetic measurement points are arranged in a surface matrix layout, with the same center of the radon measurement points as the origin, and... The distance between the measuring points is the diagonal distance of the measuring network. The spacing between the measuring points gradually increases with the expansion of the layers. The points are staggered with the gaps between the radon measuring ring points. A high-precision magnetometer is directly deployed on the ground surface to quickly scan the changes in magnetic field intensity. The boundary of the thermal anomaly area is identified by the low magnetic field value area. By superimposing and delineating the area with the high radon concentration area, the shallow boundary and the deep fire source are identified simultaneously.

[0085] Figure 7 As shown, the radon magnetic field method multi-fusion fire zone classification algorithm combines the intersection and union anomaly area division method and the comprehensive anomaly index threshold method for collaborative identification. Based on the radon magnetic field measurement point sampling database, temperature parameter compensation judgment conditions are added. Radon gas value, magnetic field value, and temperature value are used as multiple evaluation parameters. The measured radon concentration value is higher than 3 to 4 times the radon background value, which is a radon anomaly area. The magnetic field value is lower than the surface magnetic field benchmark value by 15 to 30%, which is a magnetic anomaly area. The temperature change value is higher than the vertical temperature gradient threshold, which is a thermal anomaly area. The intersection and overlap area of ​​the three parameters is divided into a first-level fire source control area, the pairwise intersection area is divided into a second-level fire source control area, a single anomaly is a third-level fire source control area, and the remaining areas are automatically classified into fourth-level safety protection areas.

[0086] Optional, such as Figure 7As shown, the radon, magnetic field, and temperature data at the measuring points are normalized and assigned a weight for their contribution to fire zone identification. A comprehensive judgment index is calculated for each measuring point. The dynamic benchmark value of the area without fire source interference is taken as the comprehensive anomaly judgment threshold. The comprehensive judgment index of the entire area is calibrated with the threshold. Level 1 fire source control areas below the threshold are adjusted to Level 2 key control areas. Level 2 fire source control high threshold areas are upgraded to Level 1 high-risk control areas. Level 3 fire source control high threshold areas are upgraded to Level 2 key control areas. High threshold areas within the Level 4 safety range are newly added as Level 3 potential control areas. The rest remain at their original levels. The intersection and union method quickly locks the anomaly range, and the comprehensive index method refines the risk stratification, achieving accurate delineation of hidden fire zones.

[0087] Figure 8 As shown, it mainly consists of a depression adaptive chassis system, a rotary bucket soil extraction and conveying module, an in-situ solidification material synthesis system, and a fissure sealing actuator. The rotary bucket soil extraction and conveying module extracts soil from the current surface layer and transports it to the in-situ solidification material synthesis system. The horizontal water storage tank and the impermeable solidification agent addition chamber are equipped with a parameter dynamic adjustment valve on the left side, which dynamically adjusts the compound ratio of loess, water and impermeable solidification agent according to the fire risk level to generate high-strength sealing slurry. The fissure sealing actuator then injects slurry under high pressure to fill the fissures, and the depression adaptive chassis system compacts it to form a sealing layer. Through efficient soil preparation by the bucket, instant slurry preparation by the synthesis system, directional slurry injection by the sealing mechanism and compaction by the track ballast, the four modules work together in a closed loop.

[0088] Figure 9 As shown, the rotary-driven soil-collecting bucket cuts into the ground surface through equidistant toothed sections, uniformly scraping away impurities from the loess. The five-bladed high-speed rotation crushes large pieces of gravel, and the seven-bladed structure further grinds the loess into fine particles. By remotely controlling the screen's tilt angle and amplitude, it adapts to soils with different moisture and viscosity. After the adjustable screen vibrates at high frequency, the loess of the target particle size falls through the screen holes into a fully enclosed acrylic side-sliding shell. By adjusting the lateral sliding opening and closing of the shell, the fine loess is transported to the loess feeding hopper, while the coarse particles are discharged with the screen surface. This achieves full automation of the soil extraction, crushing, screening, and conveying process, ensuring the uniformity of the loess raw materials in the mud sealing material preparation.

[0089] Optional, such as Figure 9 As shown, a multispectral fracture sensor is used to monitor the air leakage of surface fractures in real time. The ratio of loess, water and anti-seepage solidifying agent is dynamically controlled by a parametrically adjustable valve and transported to a multi-stage in-situ mixing chamber. The multi-layer mixing fully integrates the materials to form a homogeneous paste material, which is used to seal air leakage fractures and reinforce the surface. High-pressure paste slurry injectors are used to precisely spray slurry into the surface fractures to fill the gaps and initially solidify them. Hydraulic compaction ballast tracks apply uniform pressure to compact the fracture surface, ensuring that the slurry is fully filled and compacted. This isolates the air leakage channels between the surface and underground, cuts off the oxygen supply, and inhibits the spread of hidden fires in shallow coal seams, achieving efficient control of hidden fire areas.

[0090] The beneficial effects of this invention are that it provides a precise identification, delineation, and prevention system for radon gas in-situ tracing in shallow, concealed fire zones. This system enables high-precision monitoring of the dynamic migration of radon gas in concealed fire zones, quantitative classification and delineation of fire zone risks, and optimization of in-situ synthetic slurry fissure sealing and treatment. It forms a systematic method for in-situ radon detection and monitoring, precise delineation of fire zones using radon magnetic methods, and multi-effect synergistic treatment of surface fissure sealing and compaction. This improves the sensitivity of in-situ radon tracing and the accuracy of fire zone boundary identification, enhances the effectiveness of fissure sealing in concealed fire zones of shallow buried coal seams, and improves the innovative level of multi-effect treatment and prevention of coal mine fires.

Claims

1. A system for precise identification, delineation, and prevention of radon gas in shallow, concealed fire zones, characterized in that: The system comprises three parts: an in-situ radon detection and monitoring unit, a radon-magnetic fire zone precise delineation unit, and an adaptive surface fissure sealing and treatment unit. The in-situ radon detection and monitoring unit includes an intelligent drilling-linked self-obstacle-avoidance radon detection device, controlled using the in-situ tracer multi-linkage detection principle. The radon-magnetic fire zone precise delineation unit employs a dynamic mining radon-magnetic ring-shaped measurement point layout, integrating borehole radon detection and magnetic methods to detect the fire zone range. Targeted, surrounding measurement point arrangements are made based on the development of air leakage fissures, and a multi-parameter radon fusion fire zone classification and delineation algorithm is used to determine the final fire zone delineation level. The adaptive surface fissure sealing and treatment unit includes a dynamic material-shoveling and solidifying mud precise sealing device, used to scan and identify usable loess layers along the potential fire zone boundary, collect, screen, and temporarily store the soil, and adjust the material quantity according to the fire zone risk level. Synthetic and precise sealing of fractures; the intelligent drilling and burial linkage self-obstruction radon detection device includes an intelligent drilling cup sampling fusion device, a long-hole casing packer, a radon detection element, and a radon value transmission and control module; the intelligent drilling cup sampling fusion device also includes an intelligent drilling module and a cup sampling module; the in-situ tracing multi-linkage detection principle is characterized by the intelligent drilling module accurately locating and monitoring the borehole path depth, the cup sampling module collecting radon gas at the target depth in situ, the radon detection element converting the alpha particles released by radon gas into pulse signals through an alpha spectrum sensor, and the radon value transmission and control module adding a temperature and humidity compensation element to correct the pulse signal intensity according to the on-site temperature and humidity difference, superimposing the borehole coordinates and borehole depth temperature data, and transmitting them back to the cloud platform via a wireless communication module for monitoring abnormal fluctuations in radon concentration.

2. The radon gas in-situ tracing, precise identification, and delineation prevention system for shallow, concealed fire zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent drilling and burial linkage obstacle avoidance radon detection device also includes a collapse self-avoidance buffer three-dimensional device, which uses millimeter-wave lidar to form a prediction module, dual-field-of-view collapse early warning infrared sensors to scan surface obstacles in real time, and an all-round sliding damping buffer wheel to trigger the deflection of the travel path or gentle slope operation, and dynamically avoids obstacles through a six-axis shock-absorbing drive wheel.

3. The radon gas in-situ tracing, precise identification, and delineation prevention system for shallow, concealed fire zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent drilling cup sampling fusion device consists of an intelligent drilling module composed of a continuously variable speed auger drill rod, a counter-rotating slag collector and dust collector, and a miniature pressure-resistant identification probe; and a cup sampling module composed of a dual-chamber rotary cup storage chamber, a linkage-guided cup holder, and a trigger-activated radon gas single-permeation sealing cover. The GPS positioning system determines the location of potential ignition sources, the continuously variable speed auger drill rod automatically adjusts the drilling speed and torque, the counter-rotating slag collector and dust collector synchronously sucks up the borehole slag and dust, the linkage-guided cup holder accurately places the sampling cup to the designated depth, and the trigger-activated radon gas single-permeation sealing cover automatically closes to control the unidirectional permeation of radon gas.

4. The radon gas in-situ tracing, precise identification, and delineation prevention system for shallow, concealed fire zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elongated casing packer employs a modular channel constructed from a spiral hollow wall-mounted casing, a socket-type disassembly buckle, a segmented expansion integrated airtight bladder, and an adaptive compensation sealing ring. The casing is hollow and pre-drilled. in =12-15cm channel, slightly larger than the diameter of the sampling cup, is fitted on the outside of the sampling cup to form a support barrier; the segmented expansion integrated airtight bladder expands radially to dynamically seal the gaps in the outer perimeter of different layers, constructing a longitudinal airtight space from bottom to top, and the adaptive compensation sealing ring synchronously fits the borehole wall to isolate shallow lateral seepage gas interference.

5. The radon gas in-situ tracing, precise identification, and delineation prevention system for shallow, concealed fire zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic mining radon magnetic ring-type monitoring point layout uses the fracture development zone as the monitoring point center, with 4 to 6 monitoring points designed on the outer perimeter. The radon monitoring point depth is 40 to 50 cm, and they are arranged in an increasing diameter. The positioning marker monitoring points in the subsidence area extend downward to 70 to 80 cm. The magnetic monitoring points do not require drilling and are arranged on the surface along an increasing diagonal spacing, interspersed with the radon monitoring points, to simultaneously monitor radon concentration and magnetic anomaly changes.

6. The radon gas in-situ tracing, precise identification, and delineation prevention system for shallow, concealed fire zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radon multi-parameter fusion fire zone classification and delineation algorithm uses radon (R), magnetic field (M), and temperature (T) as multiple evaluation parameters. A radon anomaly threshold is set at 3-4 times the radon background value to delineate radon anomaly areas. Magnetic anomaly areas are delineated based on the total baseline magnetic field value. Based on the intersection and union of anomaly areas, four levels of fire source control zones are initially delineated. The weighted summation of the contributions of radon, magnetic field, and temperature at each measurement point to fire zone identification is assigned different weights. i Calculate the comprehensive judgment index F, F = w1R + w2M + w3T, set the comprehensive anomaly judgment threshold c, and adjust the final fire zone delineation level through the F≥c condition judgment matrix.

7. The radon gas in-situ tracing, precise identification, and delineation prevention system for shallow, concealed fire zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic material-solidifying mud precision sealing device includes a depression adaptive chassis system, a rotary bucket soil-collecting and conveying module, a solidification material in-situ synthesis system, and a crack sealing actuator. The depression adaptive chassis system consists of an all-around mobile Mecanum wheel and a hydraulically compacted ballast track. The rotary bucket soil-collecting and conveying module includes a rotary drive soil-collecting bucket, a spiral crushing blade, and a vibrating and adjustable screen.

8. The in-situ radon gas tracing, precise identification, and delineation prevention system for shallow, concealed fire zones according to claim 7, characterized in that, The in-situ synthesis system for the solidification material includes a loess feeding silo, a horizontal water storage tank, an impermeable solidifying agent addition silo, and a multi-stage in-situ mixing silo. Based on the monitoring of surface air leakage data of different fire zones by a multispectral crack width sensor, the system dynamically adjusts valves to mix loess, water, and impermeable solidifying agent in multiple proportions in-situ. The mixture is then precisely sprayed into surface cracks via a high-pressure paste-like mud injector and compacted and sealed using hydraulic compaction ballast tracks.

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