Opencast coal mine blasting optimization method and device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an opencast coal mine blasting optimization method and device. The method comprises the steps that rock samples at different positions of an opencast coal mine are obtained; based on the rock sample, constructing a rock explosibility grading model of the opencast coal mine; calculating wave impedance of the rock sample based on the rock sample; selecting a proper explosive type and unit consumption based on the wave impedance of the rock sample to obtain a wave impedance matching result between the rock mass of the open pit coal mine and the explosive; and according to the rock explosibility grading model and the wave impedance matching result, optimizing and adjusting drilling parameters and a charging scheme. According to the blasting optimization method for the open pit coal mine, the blasting effect of the open pit coal mine can be remarkably improved, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved by constructing the rock blasting classification model, calculating the rock wave impedance, optimizing explosive selection and unit consumption and adjusting the drilling parameters and the charging scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of open-pit coal mine blasting, and in particular to an optimization method and device for open-pit coal mine blasting. Background Art

[0002] In the rock stripping and ore extraction projects of large open-pit mines, deep-hole loosening blasting is a widely used technology. It has the advantages of high mechanization level, fast construction speed and high engineering quality, and can reduce the damage to the bedrock and slope, reduce the explosive consumption and engineering cost. In addition, this technology can meet the requirements of high-bench mining of large-scale equipment in open-pit mines.

[0003] However, with the development of mine engineering, the rock stratum structure of the stripping bench in the mine has changed, forming different lithological structures (such as soft upper and hard lower, hard upper and soft lower, etc.). The traditional blasting method can no longer meet the new on-site requirements. These problems include a large number of large blocks after blasting, large backrush, high explosive specific consumption, large amount of secondary crushing, and reduced efficiency of loading equipment, which directly lead to an increase in the comprehensive production cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present invention aim to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provide an optimization method and device for open-pit coal mine blasting.

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present invention provide an optimization method for open-pit coal mine blasting, and the method includes:

[0006] Obtain rock samples at different positions of the open-pit coal mine;

[0007] Based on the rock samples, construct a rock explosibility grading model for the open-pit coal mine;

[0008] Based on the rock samples, calculate the wave impedance of the rock samples;

[0009] Based on the wave impedance of the rock samples, select a suitable explosive type and its specific consumption to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the open-pit coal mine;

[0010] According to the rock explosibility grading model and the wave impedance matching result, optimize and adjust the drilling parameters and the charging scheme.

[0011] In some possible embodiments, the constructing a rock explosibility grading model for the open-pit coal mine based on the rock samples includes:

[0012] Determine the sampling area: According to the geological conditions and stratum distribution of the open-pit coal mine, select a representative area for rock sample collection; the sampling area should cover different lithological structures;

[0013] Collect rock samples: Use drilling equipment or manual methods to collect rock samples at different depths and locations; collect at least 3 - 5 samples at each sampling point;

[0014] Record sampling information: Record the sampling location, depth, and lithological characteristics of each sample, and take on-site photos;

[0015] Test the physical and mechanical properties of rocks: Conduct the following physical and mechanical property tests on the collected rock samples: Measure the density of the rock by the weighing method, test the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock using a pressure testing machine, test the tensile strength of the rock by the Brazilian splitting method, calculate the elastic modulus of the rock from the stress - strain curve, and calculate the Poisson's ratio of the rock from the stress - strain curve;

[0016] Test the wave velocity of rocks: Use an ultrasonic tester or a seismic wave tester to measure the longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of the rock; calculate the wave impedance of the rock based on the wave velocity;

[0017] Test the dynamic characteristics of rocks: Use a Hopkinson bar device to test the stress - strain relationship of the rock under dynamic loads and obtain the dynamic strength characteristics of the rock;

[0018] Calculate the rock blastability parameters: Based on the laboratory test results, calculate the following rock blastability parameters:

[0019] Wave impedance: Z = ρ×Vp, where Z is the wave impedance, ρ is the rock density, and Vp is the longitudinal wave velocity;

[0020] Integrity coefficient: Kv = (Vp_rock / Vp_intact)^2, where Kv is the integrity coefficient, Vp_rock is the in - situ rock wave velocity, and Vp_intact is the wave velocity of intact rock;

[0021] Fracture coefficient: Jv = fracture volume / rock volume;

[0022] Weathering coefficient: Classify according to the weathering degree of the rock;

[0023] Rock blastability classification: Classify the rocks into different blastability grades according to parameters such as the physical and mechanical properties and wave impedance of the rocks;

[0024] Determine the classification index: Determine the classification index according to the physical and mechanical properties, wave impedance, and fracture coefficient parameters of the rock;

[0025] Construct a classification model: Use multivariate statistical analysis methods to classify the rock samples into different blastability grades.

[0026] In some possible embodiments, selecting a suitable explosive type and its specific charge based on the wave impedance of the rock sample to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the surface coal mine includes:

[0027] Select common explosive types according to the blasting requirements of the surface coal mine;

[0028] Obtain the density and detonation velocity of the explosive through the technical manual of the explosive or laboratory tests;

[0029] Calculate the wave impedance of the explosive according to the density and detonation velocity of the explosive;

[0030] Calculate the wave impedance matching coefficient based on the wave impedance of the rock sample and the wave impedance of the explosive;

[0031] Select the explosive type with the highest matching degree with the rock wave impedance according to the wave impedance matching coefficient to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the surface coal mine.

[0032] In some possible embodiments, optimizing and adjusting the drilling parameters and charging scheme according to the rock explosibility classification model and the wave impedance matching result includes:

[0033] Determine the drilling diameter according to the type of mining and loading equipment and the blasting scale in the surface coal mine;

[0034] Optimize the hole pattern parameters according to the rock explosibility classification model and the wave impedance matching result; wherein, the hole pattern parameters include the hole spacing and row spacing;

[0035] Determine the overburden depth and stemming length according to the rock explosibility classification and the requirements of blasting effect;

[0036] Select the explosive type with the highest matching degree with the rock wave impedance according to the wave impedance matching result;

[0037] Optimize the charging structure according to the rock explosibility classification and the requirements of blasting effect:

[0038] Calculate the charge amount of each blast hole according to the optimized specific charge of the explosive and the blasting volume:

[0039] Select a suitable initiation method according to the blasting scale and the rock explosibility classification;

[0040] Optimize the delay time according to the rock explosibility classification and the requirements of blasting effect.

[0041] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a surface coal mine blasting optimization device, and the device includes:

[0042] An acquisition module, configured to acquire rock samples at different positions in the surface coal mine;

[0043] A construction module for constructing a rock explosibility grading model of the open-pit coal mine based on the rock samples;

[0044] A calculation module for calculating the wave impedance of the rock samples based on the rock samples;

[0045] A selection module for selecting a suitable explosive type and its specific consumption based on the wave impedance of the rock samples to obtain a wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the open-pit coal mine;

[0046] An optimization module for optimizing and adjusting the drilling parameters and the charging scheme according to the rock explosibility grading model and the wave impedance matching result.

[0047] In some possible embodiments, the construction module is further specifically configured to:

[0048] Determine the sampling area: Select a representative area for rock sample collection according to the geological conditions and rock stratum distribution of the open-pit coal mine; the sampling area should cover different lithological structures;

[0049] Collect rock samples: Use drilling equipment or manual methods to collect rock samples at different depths and positions; at least 3 - 5 samples should be collected at each sampling point;

[0050] Record the sampling information: Record the sampling position, depth, and lithological characteristics of each sample, and take on-site photos;

[0051] Rock physical and mechanical property tests. Conduct the following physical and mechanical property tests on the collected rock samples: Measure the density of the rock by the weighing method, test the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock using a pressure testing machine, test the tensile strength of the rock by the Brazilian splitting method, calculate the elastic modulus of the rock through the stress-strain curve, and calculate the Poisson's ratio of the rock through the stress-strain curve;

[0052] Rock wave velocity test: Use an ultrasonic tester or a seismic wave tester to measure the longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of the rock; calculate the wave impedance of the rock according to the wave velocity;

[0053] Rock dynamic characteristic test: Use a Hopkinson bar device to test the stress-strain relationship of the rock under dynamic load to obtain the dynamic strength characteristics of the rock;

[0054] Calculation of rock explosibility parameters. Calculate the following rock explosibility parameters according to the laboratory test results:

[0055] Wave impedance: Z = ρ×Vp, where Z is the wave impedance, ρ is the rock density, and Vp is the longitudinal wave velocity;

[0056] Integrity coefficient: Kv = (Vp_rock / Vp_intact)^2, where Kv is the integrity coefficient, Vp_rock is the in-situ rock wave velocity, and Vp_intact is the intact rock wave velocity;

[0057] Fracture coefficient: Jv = fracture volume / rock volume;

[0058] Weathering coefficient: Classified according to the weathering degree of the rock;

[0059] Rock explosibility classification: According to parameters such as the physical and mechanical properties and wave impedance of the rock, the rock is divided into different explosibility grades;

[0060] Determine the classification index: According to the physical and mechanical properties, wave impedance, and fracture coefficient parameters of the rock, determine the classification index;

[0061] Construct a classification model: Use the multivariate statistical analysis method to divide the rock samples into different explosibility grades.

[0062] In some possible embodiments, the selection module is specifically further configured to:

[0063] Select the commonly used explosive type according to the blasting requirements of the open-pit coal mine;

[0064] Obtain the density and detonation velocity of the explosive through the technical manual of the explosive or laboratory tests;

[0065] Calculate the wave impedance of the explosive according to the density and detonation velocity of the explosive;

[0066] Calculate the wave impedance matching coefficient based on the wave impedance of the rock sample and the wave impedance of the explosive;

[0067] Select the explosive type with the highest matching degree with the rock wave impedance according to the wave impedance matching coefficient to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the open-pit coal mine.

[0068] In some possible embodiments, the optimization module is specifically further configured to:

[0069] Determine the drill hole diameter according to the type of loading equipment and blasting scale of the open-pit coal mine;

[0070] Optimize the hole pattern parameters according to the rock explosibility classification model and the wave impedance matching result; wherein, the hole pattern parameters include hole spacing and row spacing;

[0071] Determine the overburden depth and stemming length according to the rock explosibility classification and the requirements of blasting effect;

[0072] Select the explosive type with the highest matching degree with the rock wave impedance according to the wave impedance matching result;

[0073] Optimize the charge structure according to the rock blastability classification and the requirements of blasting effect:

[0074] Calculate the charge amount of each blast hole according to the optimized powder factor and blasting volume:

[0075] Select a suitable initiation method according to the blasting scale and the rock blastability classification;

[0076] Optimize the delay time according to the rock blastability classification and the requirements of blasting effect.

[0077] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including:

[0078] One or more processors;

[0079] A storage unit for storing one or more programs, which when executed by the one or more processors, can enable the one or more processors to implement the method described above.

[0080] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the method described above.

[0081] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which when executed by a processor, can implement the method described above.

[0082] The open-pit coal mine blasting optimization method and device of the embodiments of the present invention can significantly improve the blasting effect of open-pit coal mines, reduce production costs, and enhance economic benefits by constructing a rock blastability classification model, calculating the rock wave impedance, optimizing explosive selection and powder factor, and adjusting drilling parameters and charging schemes. The specific beneficial effects are as follows:

[0083] 1. By the rock blastability classification model and the wave impedance matching results, optimizing the drilling parameters and charging scheme can effectively reduce the large block rate after blasting, reduce the need for secondary fragmentation, and improve the efficiency of loading and unloading equipment.

[0084] 2. By reasonably adjusting the overburden depth and stemming length, the occurrence of bottom residue after blasting can be avoided, ensuring the flatness and workability of the muck pile.

[0085] 3. Optimizing the charge structure and initiation sequence can make the muck pile more concentrated, facilitate the operation of loading and unloading equipment, and improve production efficiency.

[0086] 4. Through wave impedance matching analysis, select a suitable explosive type and its powder factor to ensure efficient transfer of explosive energy to the rock mass, reduce energy loss, and reduce the amount of explosive used.

[0087] 5. According to the blastability classification of different lithologies, adopt structures such as staged charging or air-decked charging to avoid excessive comminution and further reduce the unit explosive consumption.

[0088] 6. By reducing the amount of explosive used and the amount of secondary fragmentation, significantly reduce the blasting cost and enhance the economic benefits of the mine. Description of the Drawings

[0089] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0090] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the open-pit coal mine blasting optimization method according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the open-pit coal mine blasting optimization device according to the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0092] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following further describes the present invention in detail in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0093] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention should be the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The "including" or "comprising" used in the embodiments of the present invention neither limits the mentioned shapes, numbers, steps, actions, operations, components, elements and / or their groups, nor excludes the occurrence or addition of one or more other different shapes, numbers, steps, actions, operations, components, elements and / or their groups, or the addition of these. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity and order of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically and clearly defined.

[0094] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative settings, numerical expressions, and numerical values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be understood that, for the sake of convenience of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual proportional relationships. Technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods, and devices shown should be regarded as part of the authorization specification. In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific other example may have different values. It should be noted that similar symbols and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0095] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the description referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In the embodiments of the present invention, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the embodiments of the present invention and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0096] Next, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited by the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0097] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the open-pit coal mine blasting optimization method according to the embodiments of the present invention. As Figure 1 shown, the embodiments of the present invention relate to an open-pit coal mine blasting optimization method, and the method includes the following steps S101 to step S105:

[0098] Step S101, obtain rock samples at different positions of the open-pit coal mine.

[0099] Specifically, in this step, determine the sampling area: according to the geological conditions and rock layer distribution of the open-pit coal mine, select a representative area for rock sample collection; the sampling area should cover different lithological structures; collect rock samples: use drilling equipment or manual methods to collect rock samples at different depths and positions; at least 3-5 samples should be collected at each sampling point; record the sampling information: record the sampling position, depth, and lithological characteristics of each sample, and take on-site photos.

[0100] Step S102: Based on the rock samples, construct a rock explosibility grading model for the open-pit coal mine.

[0101] Specifically, in this step, some tests need to be carried out on the collected rock samples, such as testing the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks. The following physical and mechanical property tests are carried out on the collected rock samples: measure the density of the rock by the weighing method, test the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock using a pressure testing machine, test the tensile strength of the rock by the Brazilian splitting method, calculate the elastic modulus of the rock through the stress-strain curve, and calculate the Poisson's ratio of the rock through the stress-strain curve;

[0102] Rock wave velocity test: Use an ultrasonic tester or a seismic wave tester to measure the longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of the rock; calculate the wave impedance of the rock according to the wave velocity;

[0103] Rock dynamic property test: Use a Hopkinson bar device to test the stress-strain relationship of the rock under dynamic load and obtain the dynamic strength characteristics of the rock;

[0104] Calculation of rock explosibility parameters. According to the laboratory test results, calculate the following rock explosibility parameters:

[0105] Wave impedance: Z = ρ × Vp, where Z is the wave impedance, ρ is the rock density, and Vp is the longitudinal wave velocity;

[0106] Integrity coefficient: Kv = (Vp_rock / Vp_intact)^2, where Kv is the integrity coefficient, Vp_rock is the in-situ rock wave velocity, and Vp_intact is the wave velocity of intact rock;

[0107] Fracture coefficient: Jv = fracture volume / rock volume;

[0108] Weathering coefficient: Classify according to the weathering degree of the rock;

[0109] Rock explosibility grading: Classify the rocks into different explosibility grades according to parameters such as the physical and mechanical properties and wave impedance of the rocks;

[0110] Determine the grading index: Determine the grading index according to the physical and mechanical properties, wave impedance, and fracture coefficient parameters of the rock;

[0111] Construct the grading model: Use the multivariate statistical analysis method to classify the rock samples into different explosibility grades.

[0112] Step S103: Based on the rock samples, calculate the wave impedance of the rock samples.

[0113] Step S104: Based on the wave impedance of the rock sample, select a suitable type of explosive and its specific consumption to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the open-pit coal mine.

[0114] Specifically, in this step, according to the blasting requirements of the open-pit coal mine, select common types of explosives; through the technical manuals of explosives or laboratory tests, obtain the density and detonation velocity of the explosives; calculate the wave impedance of the explosives based on the density and detonation velocity of the explosives; calculate the wave impedance matching coefficient based on the wave impedance of the rock sample and the wave impedance of the explosives; select the type of explosive with the highest matching degree with the rock wave impedance according to the wave impedance matching coefficient to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the open-pit coal mine.

[0115] Step S105: Optimize and adjust the drilling parameters and charging scheme according to the rock explosibility classification model and the wave impedance matching result.

[0116] Specifically, in this step, determine the drilling diameter according to the type of mining and loading equipment and the blasting scale of the open-pit coal mine; optimize the hole pattern parameters according to the rock explosibility classification model and the wave impedance matching result; wherein, the hole pattern parameters include the hole spacing and row spacing; determine the overburden depth and stemming length according to the rock explosibility classification and the requirements of blasting effect; select the type of explosive with the highest matching degree with the rock wave impedance according to the wave impedance matching result; optimize the charging structure according to the rock explosibility classification and the requirements of blasting effect; calculate the charge amount of each blast hole according to the optimized explosive specific consumption and blasting volume; select a suitable initiation method according to the blasting scale and rock explosibility classification; optimize the delay time according to the rock explosibility classification and the requirements of blasting effect.

[0117] The open-pit coal mine blasting optimization method of the embodiments of the present invention can significantly improve the blasting effect of the open-pit coal mine, reduce the production cost, and enhance the economic benefits by constructing a rock explosibility classification model, calculating the rock wave impedance, optimizing the explosive selection and specific consumption, and adjusting the drilling parameters and charging scheme. The specific beneficial effects are as follows:

[0118] 1. By optimizing the drilling parameters and charging scheme through the rock explosibility classification model and the wave impedance matching result, the large block rate after blasting can be effectively reduced, the need for secondary crushing can be reduced, and the efficiency of mining and loading equipment can be improved.

[0119] 2. By reasonably adjusting the overburden depth and stemming length, the occurrence of bottom phenomenon after blasting can be avoided, and the flatness and workability of the muck pile can be ensured.

[0120] 3. Optimizing the charging structure and initiation sequence can make the muck pile more concentrated, facilitate the operation of mining and loading equipment, and improve the production efficiency.

[0121] 4. Through wave impedance matching analysis, select appropriate explosive types and their specific charges to ensure efficient transfer of explosive energy to the rock mass, reduce energy loss, and lower the amount of explosives used.

[0122] 5. According to the explosibility grading of different lithologies, adopt structures such as staged charging or air-decked charging to avoid excessive fragmentation and further reduce the specific charge of explosives.

[0123] 6. By reducing the amount of explosives used and the amount of secondary fragmentation, significantly reduce the blasting cost and enhance the economic benefits of the mine.

[0124] In summary, the open-pit coal mine blasting optimization method of the embodiments of the present invention can significantly improve the blasting effect of open-pit coal mines, reduce production costs, and enhance economic benefits by constructing a rock explosibility grading model, calculating the wave impedance of rocks, optimizing explosive selection and specific charge, and adjusting drilling parameters and charging schemes. At the same time, the present invention also has multiple beneficial effects such as adapting to complex geological conditions, promoting safe production, and driving technological progress, and has broad application prospects and promotion value.

[0125] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the open-pit coal mine blasting optimization device of the embodiments of the present invention. As Figure 2 shown, the embodiments of the present invention relate to an open-pit coal mine blasting optimization device, which can be applied to the method described above. Specifically, reference can be made to the above description and will not be elaborated here. The device includes: an acquisition module 201, a construction module 202, a calculation module 203, a selection module 204, and an optimization module 205.

[0126] Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, the acquisition module 201 is used to acquire rock samples at different positions in the open-pit coal mine; the construction module 202 is used to construct the rock explosibility grading model of the open-pit coal mine based on the rock samples; the calculation module 203 is used to calculate the wave impedance of the rock samples based on the rock samples; the selection module 204 is used to select appropriate explosive types and their specific charges based on the wave impedance of the rock samples to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosives in the open-pit coal mine; the optimization module 205 is used to optimize and adjust the drilling parameters and the charging scheme according to the rock explosibility grading model and the wave impedance matching result.

[0127] The open-pit coal mine blasting optimization device of the embodiments of the present invention can significantly improve the blasting effect of open-pit coal mines, reduce production costs, and enhance economic benefits by constructing a rock explosibility grading model, calculating the wave impedance of rocks, optimizing explosive selection and specific charge, and adjusting drilling parameters and charging schemes. At the same time, the present invention also has multiple beneficial effects such as adapting to complex geological conditions, promoting safe production, and driving technological progress, and has broad application prospects and promotion value.

[0128] AsFigure 2 As shown, the building block 202 is specifically further configured to:

[0129] Determine the sampling area: According to the geological conditions and rock stratum distribution of the open-pit coal mine, select representative areas for rock sample collection; the sampling area should cover different lithological structures;

[0130] Collect rock samples: Use drilling equipment or manual methods to collect rock samples at different depths and positions; at least 3 - 5 samples should be collected at each sampling point;

[0131] Record sampling information: Record the sampling location, depth, lithological characteristics of each sample, and take on-site photos;

[0132] Test the physical and mechanical properties of rocks. Conduct the following physical and mechanical property tests on the collected rock samples: Measure the density of the rock by the weighing method, test the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock using a pressure testing machine, test the tensile strength of the rock by the Brazilian splitting method, calculate the elastic modulus of the rock through the stress-strain curve, and calculate the Poisson's ratio of the rock through the stress-strain curve;

[0133] Test the wave velocity of rocks: Use an ultrasonic tester or a seismic wave tester to measure the longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of the rock; calculate the wave impedance of the rock based on the wave velocity;

[0134] Test the dynamic characteristics of rocks: Use a Hopkinson bar device to test the stress-strain relationship of the rock under dynamic loads and obtain the dynamic strength characteristics of the rock;

[0135] Calculate the rock blasting parameters. According to the laboratory test results, calculate the following rock blasting parameters:

[0136] Wave impedance: Z = ρ × Vp, where Z is the wave impedance, ρ is the rock density, and Vp is the longitudinal wave velocity;

[0137] Integrity coefficient: Kv = (Vp_rock / Vp_intact)^2, where Kv is the integrity coefficient, Vp_rock is the in-situ rock wave velocity, and Vp_intact is the wave velocity of intact rock;

[0138] Fracture coefficient: Jv = fracture volume / rock volume;

[0139] Weathering coefficient: Classify according to the weathering degree of the rock;

[0140] Rock blasting classification: Classify the rock into different blasting grades according to parameters such as the physical and mechanical properties and wave impedance of the rock;

[0141] Determine the classification index: Determine the classification index according to the physical and mechanical properties, wave impedance, and fracture coefficient parameters of the rock;

[0142] Construct a grading model: Using multivariate statistical analysis methods, divide rock samples into different explosibility grades.

[0143] As Figure 2 shown, the selection module 204 is specifically further configured to:

[0144] Select common explosive types according to the blasting requirements of the open-pit coal mine;

[0145] Obtain the density and detonation velocity of the explosive through the technical manual of the explosive or laboratory tests;

[0146] Calculate the wave impedance of the explosive according to the density and detonation velocity of the explosive;

[0147] Calculate the wave impedance matching coefficient based on the wave impedance of the rock sample and the wave impedance of the explosive;

[0148] Select the explosive type with the highest matching degree with the rock wave impedance according to the wave impedance matching coefficient to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the open-pit coal mine.

[0149] As Figure 2 shown, the optimization module 205 is specifically further configured to:

[0150] Determine the drill hole diameter according to the type of loading and unloading equipment and the blasting scale of the open-pit coal mine;

[0151] Optimize the hole pattern parameters according to the rock explosibility grading model and the wave impedance matching result; wherein, the hole pattern parameters include hole spacing and row spacing;

[0152] Determine the overburden depth and stemming length according to the rock explosibility grading and the blasting effect requirements;

[0153] Select the explosive type with the highest matching degree with the rock wave impedance according to the wave impedance matching result;

[0154] Optimize the charging structure according to the rock explosibility grading and the blasting effect requirements:

[0155] Calculate the charge amount of each blast hole according to the optimized explosive specific consumption and blasting volume:

[0156] Select a suitable initiation method according to the blasting scale and the rock explosibility grading;

[0157] Optimize the delay time according to the rock explosibility grading and the blasting effect requirements.

[0158] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including:

[0159] One or more processors;

[0160] A storage unit for storing one or more programs, which, when executed by the one or more processors, enable the one or more processors to implement the method described above.

[0161] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the method described above.

[0162] Among them, the computer-readable medium may be included in the device, equipment, and system of the present invention, or may exist independently.

[0163] Among them, the computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program, and it can be an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or equipment. More specific examples include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, an optical fiber, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0164] Among them, the computer-readable storage medium may also include a data signal propagated in a baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries computer-readable program code, and specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to, electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0165] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product including a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the method described above.

[0166] It can be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An open-pit coal mine blasting optimization method, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain rock samples at different positions in the open-pit coal mine; Based on the rock samples, construct a rock explosibility grading model for the open-pit coal mine; Based on the rock samples, calculate the wave impedance of the rock samples; Based on the wave impedance of the rock samples, select a suitable explosive type and its specific consumption to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the open-pit coal mine; According to the rock explosibility grading model and the wave impedance matching result, optimize and adjust the drilling parameters and the charging scheme.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The constructing the rock explosibility grading model for the open-pit coal mine based on the rock samples includes: Determine the sampling area: According to the geological conditions and rock stratum distribution of the open-pit coal mine, select representative areas for rock sample collection; the sampling area should cover different lithological structures; Collect rock samples: Use drilling equipment or manual methods to collect rock samples at different depths and positions; at least 3 - 5 samples should be collected at each sampling point; Record sampling information: Record the sampling position, depth, and lithological characteristics of each sample, and take on-site photos; Rock physical and mechanical property tests, conduct the following physical and mechanical property tests on the collected rock samples: Measure the density of the rock by the weighing method, test the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock using a pressure testing machine, test the tensile strength of the rock by the Brazilian splitting method, calculate the elastic modulus of the rock through the stress-strain curve, and calculate the Poisson's ratio of the rock through the stress-strain curve; Rock wave velocity test: Use an ultrasonic tester or a seismic wave tester to measure the longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of the rock; calculate the wave impedance of the rock according to the wave velocity; Rock dynamic characteristic test: Use a Hopkinson bar device to test the stress-strain relationship of the rock under dynamic load and obtain the dynamic strength characteristics of the rock; Rock explosibility parameter calculation, according to the laboratory test results, calculate the following rock explosibility parameters: Wave impedance: Z = ρ×Vp, where Z is the wave impedance, ρ is the rock density, and Vp is the longitudinal wave velocity; Integrity coefficient: Kv = (Vp_rock / Vp_intact)^2, where Kv is the integrity coefficient, Vp_rock is the in-situ rock wave velocity, and Vp_intact is the wave velocity of intact rock; Fracture coefficient: Jv = fracture volume / rock volume; Weathering coefficient: Classify according to the weathering degree of the rock; Rock explosibility grading: Classify the rock into different explosibility grades according to parameters such as the physical and mechanical properties and wave impedance of the rock; Determine the grading index: Determine the grading index according to the physical and mechanical properties, wave impedance, and fracture coefficient parameters of the rock; Construct the grading model: Use the multivariate statistical analysis method to classify the rock samples into different explosibility grades.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selecting a suitable explosive type and its specific consumption based on the wave impedance of the rock samples to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the open-pit coal mine includes: According to the blasting requirements of the open-pit coal mine, select common explosive types; Through the technical manual of the explosive or laboratory tests, obtain the density and detonation velocity of the explosive; According to the density and detonation velocity of the explosive, calculate the wave impedance of the explosive; Calculate the wave impedance matching coefficient based on the wave impedance of the rock sample and the wave impedance of the explosive. Based on the wave impedance matching coefficient, select the explosive type with the highest matching degree to the rock wave impedance to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the open-pit coal mine.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that According to the rock explosibility classification model and the wave impedance matching result, optimize and adjust the drilling parameters and the charging plan, including: Determine the drilling diameter according to the type of mining and loading equipment and the blasting scale in the open-pit coal mine. Optimize the hole pattern parameters according to the rock explosibility classification model and the wave impedance matching result; wherein, the hole pattern parameters include the hole spacing and the row spacing. Determine the overburden depth and the stemming length according to the rock explosibility classification and the requirements of the blasting effect. Select the explosive type with the highest matching degree to the rock wave impedance according to the wave impedance matching result. Optimize the charging structure according to the rock explosibility classification and the requirements of the blasting effect. Calculate the charge amount of each blast hole according to the optimized explosive specific consumption and the blasting volume. Select a suitable initiation method according to the blasting scale and the rock explosibility classification. Optimize the delay time according to the rock explosibility classification and the requirements of the blasting effect.

5. An open-pit coal mine blasting optimization device, characterized in that, The device includes: An acquisition module for acquiring rock samples at different positions in the open-pit coal mine. A construction module for constructing the rock explosibility classification model of the open-pit coal mine based on the rock samples. A calculation module for calculating the wave impedance of the rock sample based on the rock sample. A selection module for selecting a suitable explosive type and its specific consumption based on the wave impedance of the rock sample to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the open-pit coal mine. An optimization module for optimizing and adjusting the drilling parameters and the charging plan according to the rock explosibility classification model and the wave impedance matching result.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The construction module is specifically further used for: Determine the sampling area: Select a representative area for rock sample collection according to the geological conditions and the rock layer distribution in the open-pit coal mine; the sampling area should cover different lithological structures. Collect rock samples: Use drilling equipment or manual methods to collect rock samples at different depths and positions; at least 3-5 samples should be collected at each sampling point. Record the sampling information: Record the sampling position, depth, and lithological characteristics of each sample, and take on-site photos. Rock physical and mechanical property tests, conduct the following physical and mechanical property tests on the collected rock samples: Measure the density of the rock by the weighing method, test the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock using a pressure testing machine, test the tensile strength of the rock by the Brazilian splitting method, calculate the elastic modulus of the rock through the stress-strain curve, and calculate the Poisson's ratio of the rock through the stress-strain curve. Rock wave velocity test: Use an ultrasonic tester or a seismic wave tester to measure the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of the rock; calculate the wave impedance of the rock according to the wave velocity. Rock dynamic characteristic test: Use a Hopkinson bar device to test the stress-strain relationship of the rock under dynamic load to obtain the dynamic strength characteristics of the rock. Rock explosibility parameter calculation, calculate the following rock explosibility parameters according to the laboratory test results: Wave impedance: Z = ρ × Vp, where Z is the wave impedance, ρ is the rock density, and Vp is the longitudinal wave velocity. Integrity coefficient: Kv = (Vp_rock / Vp_intact)^2, where Kv is the integrity coefficient, Vp_rock is the in-situ rock wave velocity, and Vp_intact is the intact rock wave velocity; Fracture coefficient: Jv = fracture volume / rock volume; Weathering coefficient: Classified according to the weathering degree of the rock; Rock explosibility classification: Classify the rock into different explosibility grades according to parameters such as the physical and mechanical properties and wave impedance of the rock; Determine the classification index: Determine the classification index according to the physical and mechanical properties, wave impedance, and fracture coefficient parameters of the rock; Construct a classification model: Use the multivariate statistical analysis method to divide the rock samples into different explosibility grades.

7. The device according to claim 5, wherein The selection module is specifically further used for: Select the commonly used explosive types according to the blasting requirements of the open-pit coal mine; Obtain the density and detonation velocity of the explosive through the technical manual of the explosive or laboratory tests; Calculate the wave impedance of the explosive according to the density and detonation velocity of the explosive; Calculate the wave impedance matching coefficient based on the wave impedance of the rock sample and the wave impedance of the explosive; Select the explosive type with the highest matching degree with the rock wave impedance according to the wave impedance matching coefficient to obtain the wave impedance matching result between the rock mass and the explosive in the open-pit coal mine.

8. The device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, The optimization module is specifically further used for: Determine the borehole diameter according to the type of loading and unloading equipment and the blasting scale of the open-pit coal mine; Optimize the hole pattern parameters according to the rock explosibility classification model and the wave impedance matching result; wherein, the hole pattern parameters include the hole spacing and row spacing; Determine the overbreak depth and stemming length according to the rock explosibility classification and the blasting effect requirements; Select the explosive type with the highest matching degree with the rock wave impedance according to the wave impedance matching result; Optimize the charge structure according to the rock explosibility classification and the blasting effect requirements: Calculate the charge amount of each blast hole according to the optimized explosive specific consumption and blasting volume: Select a suitable initiation method according to the blasting scale and rock explosibility classification; Optimize the delay time according to the rock explosibility classification and the blasting effect requirements.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes: One or more processors; A storage unit for storing one or more programs, which, when executed by the one or more processors, enable the one or more processors to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that The computer program, when executed by a processor, can implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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