Degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control and design method and system thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control and a design method and system thereof, and the design method comprises the steps: determining a working logic mode of the actuator according to the typical temperature and humidity fluctuation characteristics of a to-be-served environment in combination with a target function demand, designing a matched structure prototype based on a plant bionic structure library, and constructing a model of the to-be-served environment. The overall appearance and key deformation parts are further determined, and corresponding driving assembly layouts and combination modes are designed according to different driving logics; the driving assembly comprises a temperature driving layer and a humidity driving layer; parameters of a driving assembly and influence of existence of a surface function additional layer on an actuator are simulated and evaluated through a parameterized design platform, and optimal parameters and parameters of the surface function additional layer are determined. The actuator does not need external energy and can be used for a long time in the natural environment, all the used materials are biodegradable materials, and the problem of follow-up recycling is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent materials, and relates to a degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control, and its design method and system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of intelligent material technology and green sustainable technology, environment-responsive actuators that are autonomously driven by environmental stimuli (such as temperature, humidity, etc.) have gradually become a research hotspot in the field of intelligent devices. Such actuators can autonomously generate specific structural deformations or functional responses according to changes in external environmental conditions, without the need for additional energy input, and are particularly suitable for long-term use in remote, unattended or special environments. Therefore, they have broad application prospects in fields such as agricultural seeding, ecological restoration, horticultural management, and environmental monitoring.

[0003] At present, some actuators can achieve response control based on a single environmental factor (humidity, temperature, light, etc.). For example, the graphene oxide humidity-responsive actuator relies on its hygroscopic expansion characteristics to make a deformation response to changes in environmental humidity. [1] Although such actuators have a simple structure, their response mechanism is single and it is difficult to adapt to complex environments with simultaneous changes in temperature and humidity. And some temperature-driven actuators usually use materials such as shape memory alloys and thermosensitive polymers. [2][3] During their deformation process, they require external power supplies to provide driving energy, which not only increases the complexity and cost of the system, but also is not conducive to long-term outdoor use.

[0004] In addition, existing environment-responsive actuators generally have problems such as non-degradable materials or harsh degradation conditions. For example, many actuators use traditional polymer materials such as ABS and TPU, which are difficult to degrade when exposed to the natural environment for a long time, and may even produce microplastic pollution, posing a potential hazard to the ecological environment. [4] Even for degradable materials such as PLA, specific composting conditions are required to achieve effective degradation, which is difficult to meet in actual field applications.

[0005] Generally speaking, the following deficiencies generally exist in the prior art:

[0006] 1. Single driving factor: Most actuators are only sensitive to a single environmental factor such as temperature or humidity, and it is difficult to achieve a sensitive response under the condition of superposition and change of multiple environmental factors.

[0007] 2. High proportion of non-degradable materials and components: Traditional actuators use a large amount of non-degradable or difficult-to-degrade synthetic materials, posing a potential threat to the ecological environment.

[0008] 3. Dependence on external energy: Some actuators rely on external power supplies or complex control systems, and are not suitable for remote deployment or long-term unattended application scenarios.

[0009] In view of the above technical pain points, the present invention provides a degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control, its design method and system. The actuator is composed of degradable materials and has a double-layer structure combining a temperature-responsive layer and a humidity-responsive layer, realizing synchronous perception of temperature and humidity changes and adaptive deformation. The actuator does not require external energy, and all materials are degradable and environmentally friendly materials, with good environmental friendliness and the ability to work stably outdoors for a long time. It can be widely applied to multiple fields such as agricultural seeding, ecological restoration, intelligent gardening, and environmental monitoring, providing a new idea for the promotion of green and sustainable technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a 3D full-brain holographic high-performance precise simulation method and system based on multi-scale modeling theory. The actuator realizes synchronous perception of environmental temperature and humidity changes and adaptive deformation through the differential response characteristics of materials on the basis of a bionic structure, achieving the required target functions.

[0011] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0012] A design method of a degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control, including:

[0013] According to the typical temperature and humidity fluctuation characteristics of the environment where the actuator is to serve, combined with the target function requirements, determine the working logic mode of the actuator;

[0014] Combined with the working logic mode, design a structural prototype matching the target function, further determine the overall appearance of the actuator and the key deformation parts, and design the layout and combination mode of the corresponding drive components according to different drive logics; the drive components include a temperature drive layer and a humidity drive layer; the temperature drive layer is arranged on the humidity drive layer in a striped shape;

[0015] Use bio-based temperature-responsive materials as the temperature drive layer and wood-based humidity-responsive materials as the humidity drive layer, and use a parametric design platform to simulate and evaluate the parameters of the drive components and the influence of the presence or absence of a surface functional additional layer on the actuator, and determine the optimal parameters and the parameters of the surface functional additional layer;

[0016] Perform preparation and processing according to the determined optimal parameters and the parameters of the surface functional additional layer, including: performing hot pressing treatment on the humidity drive layer, and forming a striped structure of the temperature drive layer on the surface of the humidity drive layer as needed, so as to construct a directionally controllable double-layer composite structure to obtain the finished actuator.

[0017] In the above technical solution, further, the working logic mode includes a single-factor driving mode and a dual-factor driving mode. The single-factor driving mode takes a certain determined environmental factor as the concerned factor, and the environmental factor is selected from temperature and humidity. The dual-factor driving mode takes temperature and humidity together as the concerned factors. When the concerned factors reach the preset conditions, the actuator is triggered to deform.

[0018] Further, the single-factor driving mode includes a thermal driving mode with temperature as the concerned factor and a wet driving mode with humidity as the concerned factor. The dual-factor driving mode includes a common driving mode in which all concerned factors simultaneously meet the conditions, an alternative driving mode in which only one of the conditions is met, and a sequential driving mode in which the conditions are met in sequence.

[0019] Further, the target functional requirements include, but are not limited to, sowing, fertilizing and applying pesticides, attracting insects, repelling insects, collecting water, shading, and sheltering from rain.

[0020] Further, the structural prototype selects a bionic structure from a plant bionic structure library. The selected bionic structure or its combination should be able to meet the target function under the working logic mode.

[0021] The plant bionic structure library is constructed by analyzing the deformation characteristics of different plants, summarizing bionic structures according to the plant environmental response mechanism, and classifying the bionic structures according to their functional characteristics, including: a support structure that simulates the structure of root plants to enhance the stability of the actuator on loose or soft ground surfaces; a protection structure that simulates petals or folding leaves to protect or cover the internal functional area of the actuator; a propagation structure that simulates seed diffusion and propagation to improve the displacement and diffusion ability of the actuator; a grasping structure that simulates attachment and climbing to enhance the grasping ability of the actuator to the target; an adaptation structure that simulates dynamic stomata or folds to achieve adjustable control of gas exchange, water migration, or light fiber penetration of the actuator.

[0022] Further, the wood humidity-responsive material is natural wood chips, paper-based materials, or cellulose sheets, and the bio-based temperature-responsive material uses polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA).

[0023] Further, the combination mode of the driving components in the actuator is designed as a layered composite structure. The humidity-responsive material is used as the humidity driving layer, and its humidity response ability is adjusted by controlling the thickness of the humidity driving layer. If the humidity driving is not involved in the working logic mode, a hydrophobic coating is set on the humidity driving layer to shield the humidity driving. On the humidity driving layer, the striped temperature-responsive material is used as the temperature driving layer, and its temperature response ability is adjusted by controlling the width, thickness, spacing, and direction of the stripes.

[0024] Furthermore, the parametric design platform includes an interface unit for the user to select or set parameters, a unit for physical simulation, and a unit for model display.

[0025] A design system for a degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control, used to implement the method described in any one of the above, the system includes:

[0026] Model selection and customization module: For the user to select or combine bionic structures from the plant bionic structure library according to the target function requirements and in combination with the working logic mode as the reference model of the structure prototype, and support the adjustment of its shape and structure parameters;

[0027] Deformation behavior design module: Used to adjust or customize the stripe pattern on the model surface, and realize customized deformation design by setting parameters such as stripe width, spacing, and arrangement direction;

[0028] Environmental condition setting module: For the user to set environmental temperature and humidity conditions according to the target application scenario to reflect the actual working environment;

[0029] Simulation analysis and preview module: According to the conditions set by the environmental condition setting module, it can simulate the deformation process of the model in real time and visualize the deformation effect.

[0030] A degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control, designed by using the method described in any one of the above.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the remarkable advantages of the present invention are:

[0032] (1) The present invention breaks through the limitation that traditional environment-responsive actuators can only be driven by single factors, forms a new mechanism of dual-factor collaborative driving of temperature and humidity, and significantly improves the adaptability and response sensitivity of the actuator to complex environmental changes. (2) The actuator of the present invention only relies on the temperature and humidity changes in the natural environment to trigger deformation, without external power supply or electronic components, and does not require maintenance and recycling after long-term deployment. All the materials used are degradable, truly realizing green environmental protection. (3) In the method of the present invention, the combination of bionic inspiration design and dual-factor collaborative driving mechanism not only draws on plant bionic structures to enhance the environmental interaction function, but also can be combined, improved or innovated according to actual needs on this basis. It has extremely strong scalability and design freedom, and at the same time all materials are degradable, and can be widely applied in fields such as agricultural sowing, ecological restoration, intelligent gardening, environmental monitoring, etc., helping to achieve sustainable interaction between humans and nature, and providing new ideas for the popularization and application of green intelligent materials. Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1These are five different working logic modes in the present invention, including two single-factor driving modes (a and b in the figure) and three two-factor driving modes (c, d, and e in the figure), where the change in environmental temperature or humidity serves as the input, and the deformation of the actuator to achieve the function serves as the output.

[0034] Figure 2 This is the plant bionic structure library provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a user-friendly education platform provided by the embodiment of the present invention. The platform includes: an overview of the actuator working mechanism and step-by-step production instructions; plant structure model cards in the plant structure library; and application example demonstrations.

[0036] Figure 4 This is the core working mechanism of the actuator of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 This is an experiment on the influence of the thickness of thin wood chips and waxing treatment on the bending deformation of the actuator.

[0038] Figure 6 This is an experiment on the influence of PHA printing parameters on the bending deformation of the actuator.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the basic model design interface using software tools in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the custom deformation behavior interface using software tools in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of setting the environmental state and simulation interface using software tools in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 10 This is an embodiment of the present invention: a rolling seeding device designed based on the tumbleweed diffusion mechanism, suitable for automatic seeding in sandy environments.

[0043] Figure 11 This is an embodiment of the present invention: an aerial seeding device designed based on the samara diffusion mechanism, suitable for terrain conditions with a certain height difference such as woodlands and grasslands.

[0044] Figure 12 This is an embodiment of the present invention: a catapult seeding device designed based on the balsam flower diffusion mechanism, suitable for timed and precise seeding in small agricultural sites.

[0045] Figure 13 This is an embodiment of the present invention: a microhabitat water retention device suitable for desert environments.

[0046] Figure 14This is an embodiment of the present invention: A double-triggered biochar release device for household potted plants can effectively improve the water retention capacity of potted soil and alleviate the problem of water loss under drought or high-temperature conditions.

[0047] Figure 15 This is an embodiment of the present invention: A temperature-driven flower-shaped mosquito trapping device, with the inner surface of the petals coated with a mosquito attractant coating, automatically opens and closes to achieve mosquito trapping. Detailed implementation manners

[0048] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several changes and improvements can still be made. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0049] The present invention proposes a temperature and humidity controlled degradable intelligent actuator and its design method. The actuator combines two materials with different response characteristics, namely, a wood humidity-responsive material and a bio-based temperature-responsive material, as the humidity-driven layer and the temperature-driven layer respectively. The temperature-driven layer is arranged in stripes on the humidity-driven layer to form a double-layer structure. By utilizing the difference in the response characteristics of different driving layers to the environment, environmental adaptive deformation is achieved. The specific design method includes the following steps:

[0050] S1 Environmental condition and working logic setting: First, clarify the typical temperature and humidity fluctuation range of the environment where the actuator is located, and select the working logic mode of the actuator in combination with the target function requirements. The working logic includes a single-factor driving mode and a two-factor collaborative driving mode. Among them, the two-factor collaborative mode includes a co-driving mode, a substitution driving mode, and a sequential driving mode, corresponding to different triggering conditions and function output logics respectively.

[0051] S2 Morphology design: Combine the preset working logic mode to design a structural prototype that matches the target function, further determine the overall appearance and key deformation parts of the actuator, and design the layout and combination mode of the corresponding driving components according to different driving logics. The driving components include a temperature-driven layer and a humidity-driven layer, and the temperature-driven layer is arranged in stripes on the deformation part required by the humidity-driven layer.

[0052] S3 Double-layer material parameter configuration: Select a wood humidity-responsive material as the humidity-driven layer, select a bio-based temperature-responsive material as the temperature-driven layer, and simulate and evaluate the specific effects of the thickness ratio, material arrangement direction, material arrangement density of the double-layer material, and whether a surface functional coating (such as a hydrophobic layer) is required on the deformation behavior of the actuator through a parametric design platform, and determine the optimal parameters and the parameters of the surface functional additional layer.

[0053] Processing and pretreatment of the S4 double-layer composite structure: According to the determined parameters, thermocompression treatment is carried out on the humidity-driven layer to flatten the material and release internal stress; then, through 3D printing, spraying, coating or other attachment techniques, a temperature-driven layer stripe structure is formed on the surface of the humidity-driven layer, thereby constructing a double-layer composite structure with controllable direction.

[0054] S5 Morphological cutting and structural forming: Use a cutting device (preferably a laser cutting machine, which can also be a die cutter, water jet cutter, paper cutter, etc.) to cut the contour of the double-layer composite structure to form a finished actuator that meets the preset functional and appearance requirements.

[0055] S6 (optional step) Surface functionalization treatment: If it is necessary to shield the humidity response and only retain the temperature-driven function, a waterproof coating (preferably a soybean wax layer, which can also be a degradable waterproof material such as beeswax or chitosan coating) can be coated on the surface of the actuator to form a degradable protective layer.

[0056] Through this design method, the present invention can obtain an actuator that meets the target functional requirements, and the response degree and deformation effect of the actuator to environmental temperature and humidity changes can be adjusted according to needs. The actuator can be driven to deform by environmental temperature and humidity changes without external energy input, and can be widely applied to fields such as agricultural sowing, ecological restoration, intelligent gardening, and environmental monitoring, promoting sustainable interaction between humans and nature; in its design method, specifically:

[0057] In S1, the design of the actuator needs to first determine its working logic mode according to the target functional requirements to be achieved. Generally, the working logic mode includes two single-factor drive modes and three two-factor drive modes (see Figure 1 ), where environmental temperature or humidity change is used as the input, and the deformation of the actuator to achieve the function is used as the output. Specifically as follows:

[0058] 1. The single-factor drive mode takes one of the determined environmental temperature or humidity as the concerned factor. When the concerned factor reaches the preset condition, the actuator is triggered to deform, and it includes a thermal drive mode and a wet drive mode:

[0059] (1) Thermal drive mode: Only when the environmental temperature reaches the set condition, the system triggers the actuator to deform and complete the functional response;

[0060] (2) Wet drive mode: Only when the environmental humidity reaches the set condition, the system triggers the actuator to deform and complete the functional response.

[0061] 2. The two-factor drive mode takes environmental temperature and humidity together as the concerned factors. When the concerned factors reach the preset condition, the actuator is triggered to deform, that is, the environmental temperature and humidity respectively control the corresponding response components, and the components cooperate with each other to work. Specifically, it includes:

[0062] (1) Common driving mode: Only when the environmental temperature and humidity simultaneously meet the preset conditions, the corresponding response components deform simultaneously, and the two cooperate to drive the actuator to complete the target function; when only one factor meets the conditions, the system is not triggered.

[0063] (2) Alternative driving mode: When either the environmental temperature or humidity reaches the set condition, the corresponding response component drives the actuator alone to complete the target function.

[0064] (3) Sequential driving mode: The actuator responds to temperature and humidity changes in a preset order. When either temperature or humidity reaches the trigger condition first, the corresponding response component is triggered first to complete the first-stage function; after the other factor reaches the trigger condition, other components are further triggered to complete the subsequent functions. The above response processes do not interfere with each other.

[0065] In S2, the structure prototype is preferably designed based on the plant bionic structure library. A bionic structure is selected from the plant bionic structure library. The selected bionic structure or its combination should be able to meet the target function under the working logic mode; the plant bionic structure library is constructed by analyzing the deformation characteristics of different plants, summarizing bionic structures according to the plant environmental response mechanism, and classifying the bionic structures according to their functional characteristics. In an embodiment of the present invention, a plant bionic structure library is provided, as Figure 2 shown, which reflects the bionic structure design summarized in combination with the plant environmental response mechanism and its deformation characteristics under environmental changes. These bionic structures can be divided into five categories according to their functional characteristics: support, protection, propagation, grasping, and adaptation:

[0066] (1) Support structure: Simulate plant structures such as buttress roots and stilt roots to enhance the stability of the actuator on loose or soft ground surfaces.

[0067] (2) Protection structure: Simulate structures such as petals and folding leaves to achieve the protection and covering of the internal functional area of the actuator.

[0068] (3) Propagation structure: Simulate the diffusion and propagation mechanisms such as tumbleweeds, winged seeds, and catapult seeds to enhance the displacement and diffusion ability of the actuator in a wide-area environment.

[0069] (4) Grasping structure: Simulate the attachment and climbing mechanisms such as spiral tendrils and hooked tendrils to enhance the grasping ability of the actuator for the target object.

[0070] (5) Adaptation structure: Simulate dynamic regulation structures such as stomata and plant epidermal folds to achieve adjustable control of gas exchange, water migration, light transmittance, etc.

[0071] Based on the selected bionic structure, which is used as the main functional unit of the actuator, the overall appearance of the actuator and the key deformation parts are further determined. For example, it is determined how many of the bionic structures are used, in what way they are connected as a whole to form the appearance of the actuator, at which parts deformation occurs to achieve the required functions, and how the temperature-driven layer and the humidity-driven layer are specifically arranged at these key deformation parts. In the present invention, the temperature-driven layer is arranged in a stripe shape on the humidity-driven layer, and what can be adjusted is on which side surface of the humidity-driven layer and within which position ranges on the surface the temperature-driven layer is arranged. Thus, a basically determined preliminary model of the actuator is obtained, and subsequent parameter adjustment is performed to determine the deformation effect.

[0072] In addition, to improve the accessibility and application convenience of the plant bionic structure library, these bionic structures can be provided externally through an online platform or other suitable means (the present invention provides a user-friendly online education platform http: / / th-wood.github.io / ), such as Figure 3 , the content of this platform includes: an overview of the working mechanism of the actuator (such as Figure 4 ) and step-by-step production instructions; plant structure model cards, with labels for quick retrieval, and detailed descriptions are provided to help users learn plant-inspired designs; application example demonstrations to help users quickly understand how to use the structure library and coordination modes. Thus, users can obtain its structural principle, design drawings, manufacturing process, and typical application cases, and quickly assist in the customized design of the actuator and bionic-inspired learning.

[0073] In S3, the wood moisture-responsive material is preferably natural wood chips, and can also be paper-based materials, cellulose sheets, etc.; the bio-based temperature-responsive material is preferably polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and can also be other bio-based or natural polymer materials. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the key model parameters involved in the double-layer composite structure of the actuator include but are not limited to:

[0074] (1) The thickness of the humidity-driven layer: The humidity-driven layer is preferably natural wood chips, and the thickness range is 0.2 mm or 0.5 mm. Thinner wood chips (such as 0.2 mm elm wood chips) are sensitive to deformation and are suitable for occasions mainly driven by temperature; if humidity-driven needs to be shielded, the surface of the wood chips can be further coated with soybean wax or other hydrophobic coatings to form a degradable waterproof barrier. Thicker wood chips (such as 0.5 mm pine wood chips) have better humidity response ability and are suitable for occasions mainly driven by humidity;

[0075] (2) Thickness of the temperature driving layer: The temperature driving layer is preferably a bio-based PHA material, and the thickness range is preferably 0.2 mm - 0.3 mm. At this time, the stripes can provide sufficient thermal expansion driving force and will not affect the overall deformation sensitivity due to excessive self-weight. When the thickness is less than 0.1 mm, the thermal expansion contribution of the stripes is insufficient. When the thickness is greater than 0.4 mm, the self-weight of the stripes increases significantly, which instead inhibits the deformation effect.

[0076] (3) Strip spacing of the temperature driving layer: The strip spacing is preferably 1.6 mm - 2.4 mm. At this time, the overall binding force of the stripes is stronger, the driving force per unit area is higher, and the deformation amplitude is larger. When the spacing is too large (such as greater than 3.2 mm), the binding force and driving force are significantly weakened, resulting in unstable or insufficient deformation effects.

[0077] (4) Angle between the PHA stripes and the wood chip fiber direction: When the printing direction of the stripes is 0° or 90° to the wood chip fiber direction, the deformation trend of the actuator is orthogonal or parallel to the fiber direction, and the overall deformation control is more regular. When the angle is between 0° and 90°, the actuator is prone to torsional deformation, which can be used for non-planar deformation occasions with specific functional requirements.

[0078] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific selection of the above parameter combinations can be simulated and evaluated through a parametric design platform, and the optimal matching combination can be determined in combination with the target environment and target function. The simulation design software constructs an interface based on the HumanUI and Grasshopper tools, uses the Kangaroo tool for physical simulation, and the Rhinoceros software for model display. The physical simulation is to obtain the relationship between parameters, environmental conditions and deformation (such as Figure 5 、 6 are the experimental data of the influence of the veneer thickness and waxing treatment on the bending deformation of the actuator and the influence of the PHA stripe parameters on the bending deformation of the actuator), and embed it into the software tool to achieve. The embodiment of the present invention also provides a user-friendly software tool to assist in the design and help users simulate the working effect of the actuator conveniently and quickly, and determine the manufacturing parameters. The specific usage method is as follows:

[0079] (1) Basic model design. After getting familiar with the basic model library on the educational platform, users can screen and select example models from the model library according to their functional requirements. These models can be combined for coordinated control. If the required example is not available in the library, users can design a new independent model from scratch in the Rhinoceros environment (see Figure 7 ).

[0080] (2) Custom deformation behavior. Users can add temperature-driven layer stripes on the model surface and adjust parameters to design the deformation behavior. First, the user selects the surface to which the stripes are to be applied and generates default stripes. Then, the user can set the following variables to control 3D printing parameters (see Figure 8 ).

[0081] (3) Set environmental conditions. Users can search for local conditions and set temperature and humidity levels to customize environmental parameters (see Figure 9 ).

[0082] (4) Review and simulation. After clicking the "Deformation Preview" button, the tool will simulate the geometric deformation behavior of the model according to the environmental condition settings. If surface collisions occur during the deformation process, a red warning message ("Physical collision!") will appear. This may indicate a design error or may be a normal design requirement, i.e., the surface needs to accumulate elastic potential energy (see Figure 9 ).

[0083] (5) Export production files and post-processing. Once the model identification meets the functional requirements, the user can use the export function. The tool will automatically generate two auxiliary manufacturing files for 3D printing and laser cutting in the specified directory. After inputting these files into the corresponding devices, the user will obtain the components of the actuator model.

[0084] In S4, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the processing and pretreatment of the double-layer composite structure mainly include the following two parts:

[0085] (1) Humidity-driven layer treatment: Select natural wood chips with a thickness of 0.2 mm or 0.5 mm, including elm, pine, etc., preferably with the fiber direction parallel to the long side of the board to obtain a more stable bending response. After undergoing flat treatment by hot pressing at 150 °C for 20 minutes, the internal stress is released.

[0086] (2) Temperature-driven layer printing: Fix the treated wood chips on the 3D printing platform, preferably an FDM fused deposition modeling 3D printer, and directionally print the temperature-driven layer on the wood chip surface. The temperature-driven layer material is preferably a bio-based PHA printable material. When printing the PHA material, the nozzle temperature of the printing parameters is preferably 220 °C; the printing speed is preferably 200 mm / s; the stripe width is preferably 0.4 mm; the single-layer printing thickness is preferably 0.1 mm. Optionally, a 3D printing pen, spraying equipment, or other patterning attachment processes can also be used to replace the printing process.

[0087] In S5, the completed double-layer composite structure is placed on a cutting device. Preferably, a laser cutting machine is used. Other cutting tools such as die cutting, water jet cutting, and paper cutters can also be selected. The outline of the actuator is cut according to the design drawing. When cutting elm wood sheets with a thickness of 0.2 mm, the preferred laser cutting speed is 50 mm / s, and the preferred laser cutting power is 40%; when cutting pine wood sheets with a thickness of 0.5 mm, the preferred laser cutting speed is 50 mm / s, and the preferred laser cutting power is 60%.

[0088] In S6, the surface functionalization treatment mainly includes: for the temperature-responsive component with humidity-driven shielding requirements or pure temperature-driven requirements, a hydrophobic coating can be evenly coated on the surface of the double-layer composite structure to form a humidity isolation barrier. The recommended hydrophobic coating is soybean wax that melts at 60 °C, and it is evenly coated on both sides of the structure; other biodegradable waterproof coating materials such as beeswax and chitosan can also be selected according to needs.

[0089] The degradable actuator and its design and manufacturing method of the present invention have good environmental adaptability, wide application coverage, strong scalability, high degree of freedom, passive driving, and environmental friendliness, truly realizing green environmental protection; based on the design method of the present invention, the manufacturing of several finished actuators with different functions has been realized, which will be listed and described below:

[0090] As Figure 10 shown, it is a specific embodiment of the application of the present invention. This embodiment provides a rolling seeding device designed based on the tumbleweed diffusion mechanism, which is suitable for automatic seeding in sandy environments. The device mainly includes a spreading structure and a releasing structure, and the two operate in a coordinated driving mode to improve the survival rate and environmental adaptability of seeds. Among them, the spreading structure is composed of multiple radially distributed elastic branches. These branches are in a flat state in a high-temperature environment and are anchored to the ground surface, effectively preventing the seeds from falling in advance and at the same time shielding the seeds from the adverse effects of direct sunlight. When the environmental temperature drops below about 25 degrees Celsius, the branches gradually contract and bend to form a spherical structure, enabling the device to roll with the wind, thus realizing long-distance spreading under complex terrain conditions. The releasing structure is a scaly structure covering the surface of the device, and this structure has a sensitive response characteristic to environmental humidity. When the air humidity reaches about 70%, the scales automatically open and release the seeds carried inside. The field test results in the sandy land for this embodiment show that each branch can carry 4 - 5 seeds (the seed length is about 3 mm), and the device can roll about 60 meters on the dune surface, and most of the seeds are successfully released and evenly spread during the process.

[0091] As Figure 11As shown, it is a specific embodiment of the application of the present invention. This embodiment provides an aerial seeding device designed based on the samara diffusion mechanism, which is applicable to topographic conditions with a certain height difference such as woodlands and grasslands. The device also includes a dispersing structure and a releasing structure, and the two operate in a cooperative driving mode to achieve efficient seeding. Among them, the dispersing structure adopts the design of winged seed structure, and the seed wing automatically curls when the temperature is lower than about 20 degrees Celsius, forming an arc structure with medium stiffness. This structure can generate a spinning falling motion under the action of wind, thereby effectively extending the falling time and expanding the seed dispersal range. The releasing structure is a foldable seed bin structure, which has a sensitive response characteristic to environmental humidity; when the environmental humidity exceeds about 80%, the releasing structure opens a gap to release the winged seeds stored inside. The test results for this embodiment show that when the winged seeds are released from a height of 1.6 meters and the wind speed is about 1.2 m / s, the maximum linear dispersal distance can reach 2.1 meters, which is significantly better than the dispersal distance of non-spinning seeds (about 0.3 meters). The above design effectively improves the long-distance propagation effect and seeding uniformity of the seeds.

[0092] As Figure 12 shown, it is a specific embodiment of the application of the present invention. This embodiment provides an ejective seeding device designed based on the balsam impatiens diffusion mechanism, which is applicable to timed and precise seeding in small agricultural sites. The device includes a dispersing structure and a releasing structure, and the two operate in a cooperative driving mode to achieve the directional sowing of seeds. Among them, the dispersing structure is an elastic seed pod structure, and the seed pod gradually bends as the environmental temperature decreases and gradually accumulates elastic potential energy. However, due to the blockage of the releasing structure, the seed pod remains vertical during the energy storage process. When the environmental humidity reaches above about 80%, the releasing structure is triggered and the restriction on the seed pod is released, enabling the seed pod to instantaneously release the elastic potential energy, thereby achieving the ejective dispersal of the seeds. The test results for this embodiment show that the device can eject 4-8 small seeds (seed length is about 1-2 mm) each time, and the seed sowing coverage area is a circular area with a diameter of about 0.3 m. The compression test results of the elastic seed pod show that it can generate a maximum elastic force of about 0.25 N when flattened from the bent state, providing sufficient initial velocity for the seeds to ensure their smooth dispersal to the target area.

[0093] As Figure 13As shown, this is a specific embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a microhabitat water retention device suitable for desert environments. Combining the opening and closing function principle of plant stomata, the device is designed with a side scale structure and a top scale structure, which operate independently under different environmental conditions respectively, forming a sequential drive mode to achieve efficient rainfall collection and water preservation functions. Among them, the side scale structure has a sensitive response characteristic to environmental humidity. When rainfall comes and the air humidity rises rapidly, the side scales open, guiding rainwater to converge into the water storage tank at the bottom of the device. The inner wall of the water storage tank is coated with a waterproof wax layer to reduce water leakage and evaporation loss. After the rainfall stops, as the environmental temperature gradually rises, when the temperature exceeds about 40 degrees Celsius, the top scale structure automatically closes to form a closed structure, effectively preventing the evaporation and loss of stored water. The above-mentioned linkage mode of the side scales opening to guide water collection and the top scales closing to lock water and maintain humidity enables the device to have long-term and efficient water preservation ability in desert environments, providing stable microhabitat water resource replenishment for surrounding animals and plants. In addition, the overall size and installation density of the device can be flexibly adjusted according to local rainfall and climate conditions, and it is particularly suitable for ecological restoration projects in extremely arid regions.

[0094] As Figure 14 shown, this is a specific embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a dual-trigger biochar release device for household potted plants. Simulating the perception and hooking mechanism of plant tendrils, the device is designed into two parts: a temperature-triggered hook and a humidity-triggered hook, which operate independently, forming an alternative drive mode, that is, when any one of the trigger conditions is met, the release and replenishment of biochar can be achieved. When the environmental humidity is lower than about 50%, the humidity-triggered hook unfolds, driving the central inverted conical storage bin to tilt, thereby releasing biochar particles into the flower pot soil; when the environmental temperature is higher than about 40 degrees Celsius, the temperature-triggered hook unfolds, also triggering the storage bin to tilt and release biochar. After the biochar is released, it can effectively improve the water retention capacity of the potted soil and alleviate the problem of water loss under drought or high temperature conditions. Indoor simulation tests show that the device operates stably under unattended conditions and can effectively ensure the soil moisture retention effect in the household gardening environment. In addition, this embodiment can further expand the application scenarios, such as scaling up to a biochar replenishment system for farmland scale to improve the drought resistance and water retention capacity of agricultural soil.

[0095] As Figure 15As shown, it is a specific embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a temperature-driven flower-shaped mosquito trapping device, including a petal-shaped trapping structure. The inner surface of the petal is coated with a mosquito attractant coating, and the automatic opening and closing of the petal is controlled by the change of ambient temperature. Specifically, when the ambient temperature rises above about 30 degrees Celsius, the petal structure fully opens, releasing the attractant odor and attracting mosquitoes to approach and touch. Once the mosquitoes come into contact with the petal, they are adhered and captured. When the temperature drops below about 30 degrees Celsius, the petal automatically closes, isolating the attractant from the outside world, preventing sand, dust and debris from contaminating the attractant layer, and effectively extending the service life of the attractant. The opening and closing rhythm of the above device is adapted to the natural activity cycle of mosquitoes, and can achieve efficient trapping during the active period of mosquitoes. The outdoor test results for this embodiment show that when operating for 2 hours during the high-temperature period at noon in summer, the device successfully attracted and captured 3 mosquitoes, showing good trapping effects. This device has a simple structure, low cost and environmentally friendly materials, and is particularly suitable for short-term mosquito control in local outdoor spaces such as camping sites and courtyards.

[0096] As described above, it is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not impose any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for a degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control, characterized in that, Including: Determine the working logic mode of the actuator according to the typical temperature and humidity fluctuation characteristics of the service environment of the actuator and in combination with the target function requirements. In combination with the working logic mode, design a structure prototype matching the target function based on the plant bionic structure library, further determine the overall appearance and key deformation parts of the actuator, and design the corresponding layout and combination mode of the driving components according to different driving logics; the driving components include a temperature driving layer and a humidity driving layer, and the temperature driving layer is arranged on the humidity driving layer in a striped shape. Use a bio-based temperature-responsive material as the temperature driving layer and a wood-based humidity-responsive material as the humidity driving layer, and use a parametric design platform to simulate and evaluate the parameters of the driving components and the influence of the presence or absence of a surface functional additional layer on the actuator, and determine the optimal parameters and the parameters of the surface functional additional layer. Prepare and process according to the determined optimal parameters and the parameters of the surface functional additional layer, including: performing hot pressing treatment on the humidity driving layer, and forming a striped structure of the temperature driving layer on the surface of the humidity driving layer as needed, so as to construct a directionally controllable double-layer composite structure to obtain the finished actuator.

2. The design method of the degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working logic mode includes a single-factor driving mode and a double-factor driving mode. The single-factor driving mode takes a certain determined environmental factor as the concerned factor, and the environmental factor is selected from temperature and humidity; the double-factor driving mode takes temperature and humidity together as the concerned factors, and when the concerned factors reach the preset conditions, the actuator is triggered to deform.

3. The design method of the degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control according to claim 2, wherein The single-factor driving mode includes a thermal driving mode taking temperature as the concerned factor and a wet driving mode taking humidity as the concerned factor. The double-factor driving mode includes a common driving mode in which all concerned factors are simultaneously satisfied, an alternative driving mode in which only one condition is satisfied, and a sequential driving mode in which the conditions are satisfied in sequence.

4. The design method of the degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target function requirements include but are not limited to sowing, fertilizing and applying pesticides, attracting insects, repelling insects, collecting water, shading, and sheltering from rain.

5. The design method of the degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structure prototype is a bionic structure selected from the plant bionic structure library. The selected bionic structure or its combination should be able to meet the target function under the working logic mode. The plant bionic structure library is constructed by analyzing the deformation characteristics of different plants, summarizing the bionic structures according to the plant environment response mechanism, and classifying the bionic structures according to functional characteristics, including: a support structure simulating the structure of root plants to enhance the stability of the actuator on loose or soft ground surfaces; a protection structure simulating petals or folding leaves to protect or cover the internal functional area of the actuator; a propagation structure simulating seed diffusion and propagation to improve the displacement and diffusion ability of the actuator; a grasping structure simulating attachment and climbing to enhance the grasping ability of the actuator to the target; an adaptation structure simulating dynamic stomata or folds to achieve adjustable control of gas exchange, water migration or light fiber penetration of the actuator.

6. The design method of the degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wood-based humidity-responsive material is natural wood chips, paper-based materials or cellulose thin films, and the bio-based temperature-responsive material uses polyhydroxyalkanoate PHA.

7. The design method of the degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combination mode of the driving components in the actuator is designed as a layered composite structure. A humidity-responsive material is used as the humidity driving layer, and its humidity response ability is adjusted by controlling the thickness of the humidity driving layer. If the working logic mode does not involve humidity driving, a hydrophobic coating is set on the humidity driving layer to shield the humidity driving; on the humidity driving layer, a striped temperature-responsive material is used as the temperature driving layer, and its temperature response ability is adjusted by controlling the width, thickness, spacing, and direction of the stripes.

8. The design method of the degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control according to claim 1, characterized in that The parameterized design platform described above includes an interface unit for the user to select or set parameters, a unit for implementing physical simulation, and a unit for displaying the model.

9. A design system for a degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control, characterized in that, To implement the method according to any one of claims 1-8, the system includes: Model selection and customization module: For the user to select or combine biomimetic structures from the plant biomimetic structure library according to the target function requirements and in combination with the working logic mode as a reference model for the structure prototype, and support the adjustment of its morphological and structural parameters; Deformation behavior design module: For adjusting or customizing the stripe pattern on the model surface, and realizing customized deformation design by setting parameters such as stripe width, spacing, and arrangement direction; Environmental condition setting module: For the user to set environmental temperature and humidity conditions according to the target application scenario to reflect the actual working environment; Simulation analysis and preview module: According to the conditions set by the environmental condition setting module, it simulates the deformation process of the model in real time and visualizes the deformation effect.

10. A degradable intelligent actuator based on temperature and humidity control, characterized in that, Designed by using the method according to any one of claims 1-8.

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