Hydrogen fuel cell system for supplying hydrogen by using hydrogen storage material

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell system using a hydrogen storage material to supply hydrogen, energy utilization is optimized, system stability is improved, the system uses an MgH2 hydrogen storage material, hydrogen is continuously supplied to a fuel cell stack at a specific temperature and pressure by means of the characteristic of high hydrogen storage density, and stable reaction is guaranteed. The high-temperature cooling water at the outlet of the fuel cell is used for heating the heat exchange medium storage tank through the heat exchanger, so that the hydrogen storage material is heated. By means of the design, on one hand, efficient recycling of waste heat is achieved, the comprehensive utilization rate of energy is increased, on the other hand, the working temperature of the hydrogen storage material is accurately regulated and controlled, and efficient hydrogen release of MgH2 is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention patent relates to the field of fuel cell systems, and particularly to a hydrogen fuel cell system that utilizes hydrogen storage materials to supply hydrogen and has high-efficiency energy conversion and stable operation performance. Background Art

[0002] As an efficient and clean energy conversion device, fuel cells have been widely used in many fields in recent years, such as transportation, distributed power generation, and portable power sources. It directly converts the chemical energy of fuel and oxidant into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, and has significant advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, zero or low emissions, becoming an important technical means to address energy crises and environmental pollution problems.

[0003] In a fuel cell system, the storage and supply of hydrogen is one of the key links. Traditional high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage methods have problems such as low hydrogen storage density, high equipment cost, and high safety risks. For example, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage requires high-strength pressure-resistant containers, which not only increase the weight and volume of the system, but also increase the manufacturing cost and safety management difficulty; cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage requires maintaining an extremely low temperature environment, with huge energy consumption and extremely high requirements for the heat insulation performance of storage equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention discloses a fuel cell stack, and the specific solution is as follows:

[0005] A hydrogen fuel cell system that utilizes hydrogen storage materials to supply hydrogen, characterized in that it includes an air system, a hydrogen system, a cooling water system, a heating system, and a fuel cell stack;

[0006] The air system is connected to the fuel cell stack and is used to deliver air to the fuel cell stack;

[0007] The hydrogen system includes a hydrogen storage bottle, a hydrogen supply pipeline, and a hydrogen storage bottle temperature sensor. The hydrogen storage bottle is provided with hydrogen storage materials that can generate hydrogen when heated; the hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the hydrogen storage bottle temperature sensor is arranged on the hydrogen storage bottle;

[0008] The cooling water system includes a first water replenishing tank, and the first water replenishing tank is connected to the water inlet of the fuel cell stack and is used to deliver cooling water into the stack;

[0009] The heating system is connected to the hydrogen storage bottle and is used to input heat source to the hydrogen storage bottle to make the hydrogen storage materials generate hydrogen when heated.

[0010] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the cooling water system further includes a cooling water delivery pipeline, a cooling water return pipeline, a circulation pipeline, a first water pump, and a first solenoid valve;

[0011] The first makeup water tank is communicated with the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack through a cooling water delivery pipeline. A first solenoid valve and a first water pump are sequentially arranged on the cooling water delivery pipeline along the cooling water delivery direction. The first end of the cooling water return pipeline is communicated with the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the second end is a drain port, and a drain valve is provided on the drain port.

[0012] The first end of the circulation pipeline is communicated with the cooling water return pipeline, and the second end is communicated with the cooling water delivery pipeline. The position where the circulation pipeline is communicated with the cooling water delivery pipeline is between the first solenoid valve and the first water pump.

[0013] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the heating system includes a heat exchange medium storage tank, a heat exchanger, a heat exchange delivery pipeline, a heat exchange return pipeline, and a heat exchange medium storage tank temperature sensor.

[0014] The hydrogen storage bottle is arranged in the heat exchange medium storage tank. The heat exchange medium storage tank is connected to the heat exchanger, and the heat exchange medium storage tank is filled with a heat exchange medium.

[0015] A heat exchange delivery pipeline is communicated between the cooling water return pipeline and the heat exchanger. The position where the heat exchange delivery pipeline is communicated with the cooling water return pipeline is between the first end of the circulation pipeline and the drain port of the cooling water return pipeline. A heat exchange return pipeline is communicated between the cooling water delivery pipeline and the heat exchanger. The position where the heat exchange return pipeline is communicated with the cooling water delivery pipeline is between the first solenoid valve and the first water pump.

[0016] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the cooling water system further includes a first temperature and pressure sensor and a second temperature and pressure sensor. The first temperature and pressure sensor is arranged on the cooling water return pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the first end of the circulation pipeline. The second temperature and pressure sensor is arranged on the cooling water delivery pipeline between the first water pump and the fuel cell stack.

[0017] The heating system further includes a first thermostat and a first temperature sensor. The first thermostat is arranged on the heat exchange delivery pipeline, and the first temperature sensor is arranged on the heat exchange return pipeline.

[0018] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the cooling water system further includes a water filter, a positive temperature coefficient heater, a first thermostat, a conductivity meter, a first water flow meter, and a second thermostat.

[0019] The water filter is arranged on the cooling water delivery pipeline between the first makeup water tank and the first solenoid valve. The positive temperature coefficient heater is arranged on the circulation pipeline. The second thermostat and the conductivity meter are both arranged on the cooling water delivery pipeline between the second end of the circulation pipeline and the first water pump. The first water flow meter is arranged on the cooling water return pipeline.

[0020] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, it further includes a cooling system, which includes a second makeup water tank, a second water pump, a stop valve, a cooling pipeline, and a second water flowmeter. The second makeup water tank is connected to the heat exchange medium storage tank through the cooling pipeline. The second water pump, the second water flowmeter, and the stop valve are all arranged on the cooling pipeline;

[0021] The cooling water system further includes a cooling water makeup pipeline and a second solenoid valve. The first end of the cooling water makeup pipeline is communicated with the first makeup water tank, and the second end is communicated with the cooling water return pipeline. The second solenoid valve is arranged on the cooling water makeup pipeline.

[0022] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the hydrogen system further includes a third solenoid valve, a first proportional valve, an ejector, a hydrogen circulation pump, a hydrogen recovery pipeline, a first hydrogen concentration sensor, a hydrogen flowmeter, and a temperature and humidity sensor;

[0023] The third solenoid valve, the first proportional valve, and the ejector are sequentially arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline along the hydrogen flow direction;

[0024] One end of the hydrogen recovery pipeline is communicated with the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end is communicated with the mixing chamber inlet of the ejector. The hydrogen circulation pump is arranged on the hydrogen recovery pipeline;

[0025] The first hydrogen concentration sensor, the hydrogen flowmeter, and the temperature and humidity sensor are all arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline between the ejector and the fuel cell stack.

[0026] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the hydrogen system further includes a steam-water separator, a drain pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, a drain solenoid valve, and an exhaust solenoid valve;

[0027] The steam-water separator is arranged on the hydrogen recovery pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen circulation pump. One end of the drain pipeline is connected to the steam-water separator, and one end of the exhaust pipeline is connected to the steam-water separator. The hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack is processed by the steam-water separator to separate gas and water. The separated water is discharged through the drain pipeline, and the separated hydrogen is transported to the position of the ejector through the hydrogen circulation pump. The hydrogen not extracted by the hydrogen circulation pump is discharged through the exhaust pipeline. The drain solenoid valve is arranged on the drain pipeline, and the exhaust solenoid valve is arranged on the exhaust pipeline.

[0028] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the air system includes an air filter, an air flowmeter, an air compressor, a first air pressure and temperature sensor, an intercooler, a second air pressure and temperature sensor, a humidifier, a back pressure valve, an air delivery pipeline, and an air discharge pipeline;

[0029] One end of the air delivery pipeline is communicated with the air inlet of the fuel cell stack, and one end of the air discharge pipeline is communicated with the air outlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0030] The air filter, air flow meter, air compressor, first air pressure and temperature sensor, intercooler, second air pressure and temperature sensor, and humidifier are sequentially arranged on the air pipeline along the air transportation direction.

[0031] The back pressure valve is arranged on the air discharge pipeline.

[0032] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the air system further includes an intercooler cooling water delivery pipeline, an intercooler cooling water return pipeline, a flow dividing valve, and a flow dividing pipeline; one end of the intercooler cooling water delivery pipeline is connected to the cooling water delivery pipeline, and the other end is connected to the intercooler; one end of the intercooler cooling water return pipeline is connected to the intercooler, and the other end is connected to the cooling water return pipeline;

[0033] The first end of the flow dividing pipeline is connected to the air pipeline between the humidifier and the second air pressure and temperature sensor, and the second end is connected to the air discharge pipeline behind the back pressure valve.

[0034] Beneficial effects: By using hydrogen storage materials as the hydrogen supply, the present invention has the advantages of low equipment cost, small system weight and volume, and low energy consumption compared with traditional high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage. At the same time, through the setting of the heating system, the heat in the cooling water system can be transported to the heat exchange medium storage tank to provide a heat source for the hydrogen storage materials, reducing the system energy consumption. At the same time, it also avoids technical problems such as the decline in the performance of the fuel cell stack and the dehydration of the proton exchange membrane caused by too high water temperature in the cooling water system. At the same time, it can also transport the heat source of the intercooler in the air system to the heat exchange medium storage tank, further improving the energy utilization rate. In another aspect of the present invention, through the structural design of the hydrogen system, the hydrogen flow and pressure can be accurately controlled. Through the setting of the air supply system, the pretreatment effect of air can be improved. Through the design of the cooling water system, the temperature can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual working conditions of the stack. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the heating system, cooling water system and cooling system of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen system of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the air system of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure: 100. Fuel cell stack;

[0040] 200. Hydrogen storage cylinder, 201. Hydrogen supply pipeline, 202. Hydrogen storage cylinder temperature sensor, 203. Third solenoid valve, 204. First proportional valve, 205. Ejector, 206. Hydrogen circulation pump, 207. Hydrogen recovery pipeline, 208. Second proportional valve, 209. Hydrogen flowmeter, 210. Temperature and humidity sensor, 211. Steam-water separator, 212. Exhaust solenoid valve, 213. Drainage pipeline, 214. Exhaust pipeline, 215. Drainage solenoid valve;

[0041] 300. First water replenishing tank, 301. Cooling water delivery pipeline, 302. Cooling water return pipeline, 303. Circulation pipeline, 304. First water pump, 305. First solenoid valve, 306. First temperature and pressure sensor, 307. Second temperature and pressure sensor, 308. Water filter, 309. Positive temperature coefficient heater, 310. First thermostat, 311. Conductivity meter, 312. First water flowmeter, 313. Cooling water replenishing pipeline, 314. Second solenoid valve;

[0042] 400. Heat exchange medium storage tank, 401. Heat exchanger, 402. Heat exchange delivery pipeline, 403. Heat exchange return pipeline, 404. Heat exchange medium storage tank temperature sensor, 405. First thermostat, 406. First temperature sensor;

[0043] 500. Second water replenishing tank, 501. Second water pump, 502. Stop valve, 503. Cooling pipeline, 504. Second water flowmeter;

[0044] 600. Air filter, 601. Air flowmeter, 602. Air compressor, 603. First air pressure and temperature sensor, 604. Intercooler, 605. Second air pressure and temperature sensor, 606. Humidifier, 607. Back pressure valve, 608. Air delivery pipeline, 609. Air discharge pipeline, 610. Intercooler cooling water delivery pipeline, 611. Intercooler cooling water return pipeline, 612. Diverting valve, 613. Diverting pipeline, 614. Third air pressure and temperature sensor, 615. Second hydrogen concentration sensor. Detailed implementation mode

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0046] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "installation", "connection", "linkage", "fixation" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; it may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0047] As Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a hydrogen fuel cell system using a hydrogen storage material to supply hydrogen is used to improve the safety of the fuel cell system, reduce the volume occupied by the fuel cell system, and reduce energy consumption. It includes an air system, a hydrogen system, a cooling water system, a fuel cell stack 100, and a heating system. The air system is used to supply air to the fuel cell stack 100, the hydrogen system is used to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 100, and the cooling water system is used to supply cooling water to the fuel cell stack 100.

[0048] The fuel cell stack 100 is provided with an air inlet, a hydrogen inlet, a cooling water inlet, as well as an air outlet, a hydrogen outlet, and a cooling water outlet.

[0049] The hydrogen system includes a hydrogen storage bottle 200, a hydrogen supply pipeline 201, and a hydrogen storage bottle temperature sensor 202. The hydrogen storage bottle 200 is provided with a hydrogen storage material inside, which can generate hydrogen when heated. By arranging the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage bottle 200 as a hydrogen source, it replaces the traditional methods of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, reducing the manufacturing cost and the difficulty of safety management, and reducing energy consumption. The hydrogen storage bottle 200 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 100 through the hydrogen supply pipeline 201 for transporting hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 100. The hydrogen storage bottle temperature sensor 202 is arranged on the hydrogen storage bottle 200 for real-time monitoring of the temperature inside the hydrogen storage bottle 200.

[0050] The heating system is connected to the hydrogen storage bottle 200 for inputting a heat source to the hydrogen storage bottle 200 to heat the hydrogen storage material to generate hydrogen.

[0051] The cooling water system includes a first water replenishing tank 300, and the first water replenishing tank 300 is connected to the water inlet of the fuel cell stack 100 for transporting cooling water into the stack.

[0052] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the hydrogen storage material can be selected from one of metal hydride hydrogen storage materials, coordination hydride hydrogen storage materials, and organic matter hydrogen storage materials.

[0053] Preferably, the hydrogen storage material is a metal hydride hydrogen storage material.

[0054] Preferably, the hydrogen storage material is MgH2.

[0055] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the cooling water system further includes a cooling water delivery pipeline 301, a cooling water return pipeline 302, a circulation pipeline 303, a first water pump 304, and a first solenoid valve 305.

[0056] The first water replenishing tank 300 is communicated with the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack 100 through the cooling water delivery pipeline 301. The first solenoid valve 305 and the first water pump 304 are sequentially arranged on the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 along the cooling water delivery direction. The cooling water in the first water replenishing tank 300 is pumped by the first water pump 304 and delivered into the fuel cell stack 100. The first end of the cooling water return pipeline 302 is communicated with the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack 100, and the second end is a drain port. A drain valve (not shown in the figure) is provided on the drain port, and the heat-exchanged cooling water flows out through the cooling water return pipeline 302. The first end of the circulation pipeline 303 is communicated with the cooling water return pipeline 302, and the second end is communicated with the cooling water delivery pipeline 301. The position where the circulation pipeline 303 is communicated with the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 is between the first solenoid valve 305 and the first water pump 304. When the stack starts to operate, first, the cooling water is delivered into the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 through the first water replenishing tank 300, flows through the fuel cell stack 100, and after heat exchange, flows out through the cooling water return pipeline 302 and enters the circulation pipeline 303, and then enters the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 again through the circulation pipeline 303. When the cooling water delivery pipeline 301, the cooling water return pipeline 302, and the circulation pipeline 303 are filled with cooling water, the first solenoid valve 305 can be closed, and the first water pump 304 is used to drive the cooling water to circulate between the cooling water delivery pipeline 301, the cooling water return pipeline 302, and the circulation pipeline 303, realizing the small circulation of the cooling water.

[0057] Although the MgH2 hydrogen storage material has a high theoretical hydrogen storage density, its hydrogen release process is relatively sensitive to temperature. In practical applications, how to provide it with a stable and suitable working temperature environment has become a problem to be solved urgently. In addition, a large amount of waste heat is generated during the operation of the fuel cell, especially the high-temperature cooling water at the outlet of the fuel cell stack 100 carries a considerable amount of thermal energy. If this waste heat cannot be effectively utilized, it will not only cause waste of energy, but also may affect the stability and service life of the system due to heat accumulation. In the prior art, most fuel cell systems fail to fully explore the value of this part of waste heat, and the thermal management strategy is relatively simple, unable to achieve efficient recovery and reuse of energy.

[0058] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the heating system includes a heat exchange medium storage tank 400, a heat exchanger 401, a heat exchange delivery pipeline 402, a heat exchange return pipeline 403, and a heat exchange medium storage tank temperature sensor 404.

[0059] The hydrogen storage cylinder 200 is arranged in the heat exchange medium storage tank 400. The heat exchange medium storage tank 400 is connected to the heat exchanger 401. The heat exchange medium storage tank 400 is filled with a heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium can circulate between the heat exchanger 401 and the heat exchange medium storage tank 400 to absorb the heat transferred by the heat exchanger 401. A heat exchange delivery pipeline 402 is communicated between the cooling water return pipeline 302 and the heat exchanger 401, and the communicating position of the heat exchange delivery pipeline 402 and the cooling water return pipeline 302 is between the first end of the circulation pipeline 303 and the drain port of the cooling water return pipeline 302. A heat exchange return pipeline 403 is communicated between the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 and the heat exchanger 401, and the communicating position of the heat exchange return pipeline 403 and the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 is between the first solenoid valve 305 and the first water pump 304.

[0060] The cooling water that has completed heat exchange in the fuel cell stack 100 flows through the heat exchange delivery pipeline 402 into the heat exchanger 401, is cooled by heat exchange at the position of the heat exchanger 401, and then flows into the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 through the heat exchanger 401 return pipeline and re-enters the fuel cell stack 100 for heat exchange. The heat exchange medium completes heat exchange with the cooling water at the position of the heat exchanger 401, the temperature rises, and the hydrogen storage cylinder 200 located in the heat exchange medium storage tank 400 is heated, so that the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder 200 is heated to generate hydrogen.

[0061] Preferably, the heat exchange medium includes but is not limited to methyl silicone oil, polyethylene glycol aqueous solution, organosilicon heat transfer oil, etc.

[0062] Preferably, the heat exchange medium is selected as methyl silicone oil.

[0063] [[ID=1 = 15]]In the gas supply and water circulation and other links of the entire fuel cell system, there are also some problems. For example, the flow rate and pressure control in the hydrogen supply pipeline are not accurate enough, which easily leads to unstable reactions in the fuel cell stack 100; the air supply system has poor pretreatment effect on the air entering the stack, affecting the reaction efficiency; the heat management system of the cooling water pipeline is not perfect enough, and it is difficult to flexibly adjust the temperature according to the real-time working conditions of the stack. These problems have restricted the performance improvement and large-scale commercial application of the fuel cell system.

[0064] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the cooling water system includes a first temperature and pressure sensor 306 and a second temperature and pressure sensor 307. The first temperature and pressure sensor 306 is arranged on the cooling water return pipeline 302 between the fuel cell stack 100 and the first end of the circulation pipeline 303. The first temperature and pressure sensor 306 is equipped with a temperature sensing element and a pressure detection element, which can monitor the temperature and pressure values of the cooling water in the cooling water return pipeline 302 in real time, and feedback the temperature data to the system control module, providing important data basis for the control of the first thermostat 405, system thermal management and fault diagnosis.

[0065] The second temperature and pressure sensor 307 is arranged on the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 between the first water pump 304 and the fuel cell stack 100. The second temperature and pressure sensor 307 is equipped with a temperature sensing element and a pressure detection element, which can monitor the temperature and pressure values of the cooling water in the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 in real time.

[0066] The heating system further includes a first thermostat 405 and a first temperature sensor 406. The first thermostat 405 is arranged on the heat exchange delivery pipeline 402, and the first temperature sensor 406 is arranged on the heat exchange return pipeline 403. The first thermostat 405 is used to monitor the temperature of the cooling water in the heat exchange delivery pipeline 402 and open or cut off the heat exchange delivery pipeline 402. The first temperature sensor 406 is used to monitor the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling water return pipeline 302 after heat exchange.

[0067] When the first temperature and pressure sensor 306 detects that the temperature in the cooling water return pipe is higher than the set value, the first thermostat 405 opens, enabling the cooling water to flow through the heat exchange delivery pipeline 402 to the heat exchanger 401 for heat exchange. The first thermostat 405 can monitor the temperature of the cooling water in the heat exchange delivery pipeline 402 in real time and can close the heat exchange delivery pipeline 402 when the temperature is low.

[0068] In the above technical solution, when the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling water return pipeline 302 is low or when it is not necessary for the hydrogen storage cylinder 200 to produce hydrogen, a small circulation is carried out. In this state, the first thermostat 405 and the first solenoid valve 305 are closed, and the first water pump 304 drives the cooling water to circulate between the cooling water delivery pipeline 301, the cooling water return pipeline 302 and the circulation pipeline 303 to realize the small circulation of the cooling water.

[0069] When the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling water return pipeline 302 is relatively high or when it is necessary for the hydrogen storage cylinder 200 to produce hydrogen, a large circulation is carried out. In this state, the valve in the first thermostat 405 is opened and the first solenoid valve 305 is closed, so that the cooling water in the cooling water return pipeline 302 is diverted, and respectively flows into the fuel cell stack 100 through the circulation pipeline 303 and the cooling water delivery pipeline 301. At the same time, it flows to the heat exchanger 401 through the heat exchange delivery pipeline 402, and then flows into the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 through the heat exchange return pipeline 403, converges with the cooling water in the circulation pipeline 303 and flows into the fuel cell stack 100 together. Through the large circulation, heat generated by the stack can be transported to the heat exchange medium storage tank 400 with water as the medium. The cooled cooling water enters the stack again to cool the stack, recycling the waste heat generated during the operation of the fuel cell stack 100, avoiding energy waste and saving energy.

[0070] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the cooling water system further includes a water filter 308, a positive temperature coefficient heater 309, a first thermostat 310, a conductivity meter 311, a first water flow meter 312, and a second thermostat 310;

[0071] The water filter 308 is arranged on the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 between the first water replenishment tank 300 and the first solenoid valve 305. The water filter 308 uses a filter element to intercept impurity particles in the cooling water, preventing these impurities from depositing in the pipeline or entering the fuel cell stack 100, affecting the cooling effect and stack performance, and playing a role in purifying the cooling water.

[0072] The positive temperature coefficient heater 309 is arranged on the circulation pipeline 303 and is used to heat the cooling water by generating heat after being powered on when the system is starting up or the ambient temperature is relatively low, so that the fuel cell stack 100 can quickly reach a suitable working temperature, improving the startup performance and operation efficiency of the system.

[0073] The second thermostat 310 and the conductivity meter 311 are both arranged on the cooling water delivery pipeline 301 between the second end of the circulation pipeline 303 and the first water pump 304. The second thermostat 310 is used to adjust the flow rate of the cooling water by adjusting the opening of the valve in the second thermostat 310 when the system is starting up or the ambient temperature is relatively low. The cooling water conductivity meter measures the conductivity of ions in the cooling water through electrodes, real-time monitors the conductivity of the cooling water, and reflects the content of impurity ions in the water. When the conductivity exceeds the set range, a signal is sent to the system control module to prompt that there may be water quality problems and treatment is required to ensure the normal operation of the cooling system and the fuel cell stack 100.

[0074] The first water flow meter 312 is arranged on the cooling water return pipeline 302 and is used to monitor the water flow rate on the cooling water return pipeline 302.

[0075] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the cooling water system further includes a cooling water supply pipeline 313 and a second solenoid valve 314. The first end of the cooling water supply pipeline 313 is communicated with the first water replenishing tank 300, and the second end is communicated with the cooling water return pipeline 302. The position where the cooling water supply pipeline 313 is communicated with the cooling water return pipeline 302 is located between the first water flowmeter 312 and the first end of the circulation pipeline 303. The second solenoid valve 314 is arranged on the cooling water supply pipeline 313. The purpose of the second cooling water supply pipeline 313 is that when the cooling water in the cooling water system drops due to evaporation, leakage, etc., the second solenoid valve 314 can be opened through automatic control or manual operation to supplement the cooling water to ensure the normal water circulation of the cooling system. At the same time, when the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling water return pipeline 302 is relatively high, cooling water can be supplied by opening the second solenoid valve 314, and the excess cooling water can be discharged through the drain port on the cooling water return pipeline 302.

[0076] As a supplement to the above technical solution, a cooling system is further included. The cooling system is used to cool the heat exchange medium storage tank 400, and includes a second water replenishing tank 500, a second water pump 501, a stop valve 502, a cooling pipeline 503, and a second water flowmeter 504. The second water replenishing tank 500 is connected to the heat exchange medium storage tank 400 through the cooling pipeline 503. The second water pump 501, the second water flowmeter 504, and the stop valve 502 are all arranged on the cooling pipeline 503. When the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange medium storage tank 400 is relatively high, the second water pump 501 can pump the cooling water in the second water replenishing tank 500 and transport it to the heat exchange medium storage tank 400 through the cooling pipeline 503 to cool the heat exchange medium storage tank 400. The second water flowmeter 504 is used to monitor the magnitude of the water flow.

[0077] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the cooling system further includes a sump, a collecting pipeline, and a water pump. A sump is provided below the heat exchange medium storage tank 400. The water pump is arranged on the collecting pipeline. One end of the collecting pipeline is communicated with the sump, and the other end is communicated with the heat exchange return pipeline 403.

[0078] The cooling water in the second water replenishing tank 500 is sprayed onto the surface of the heat exchange medium storage tank 400 through the cooling pipeline 503, and the water in the sump is transported into the heat exchange return pipeline 403 through the collecting pipeline as part of the cooling water entering the stack. The temperature of the cooling water entering the stack is not the lower the better. An appropriate temperature is beneficial to the performance of the fuel cell stack, and a certain water temperature should also be maintained during the process of load reduction and load-carrying purging to prevent the phenomenon of low single-cell voltage of the fuel cell.

[0079] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the hydrogen system further includes a third solenoid valve 203, a first proportional valve 204, an ejector 205, a hydrogen circulation pump 206, and a hydrogen recovery pipeline 207.

[0080] The third solenoid valve 203, the first proportional valve 204, and the ejector 205 are sequentially arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline 201 along the hydrogen flow direction.

[0081] The third solenoid valve 203 is controlled by the electrical control unit of the system. When it is powered on, it opens, allowing hydrogen to pass through and enter the subsequent pipeline; when it is powered off, it closes quickly to quickly cut off the hydrogen supply when the system starts, stops, or malfunctions, ensuring the safety of the system.

[0082] The first proportional valve 204 is arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline 201 and is controlled by the electrical control unit of the system to receive control signals. By precisely changing the opening degree of the first proportional valve 204, the flow rate and pressure of hydrogen are adjusted to make the amount of hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack 100 accurately match the real-time reaction requirements of the stack, thereby maintaining the stable operation of the stack.

[0083] One end of the hydrogen recovery pipeline 207 is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack 100, and the other end is connected to the mixing chamber inlet of the ejector 205. The hydrogen circulation pump 206 is arranged on the hydrogen recovery pipeline 207 to provide power for the flow of hydrogen in the circulation pipeline 303, prompting the unreacted hydrogen to continuously flow back to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 100, further enhancing the recycling efficiency of hydrogen.

[0084] The ejector 205 generates a negative pressure in the ejector chamber, draws back the unreacted hydrogen at the stack outlet, and fully mixes it with the fresh hydrogen from the first proportional valve 204 and then converges onto the hydrogen supply pipeline 201, effectively improving the utilization rate of hydrogen.

[0085] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the hydrogen system further includes a first hydrogen concentration sensor, a hydrogen flow meter 209, and a temperature and humidity sensor 210, all of which are arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline 201 between the ejector 205 and the fuel cell stack 100.

[0086] Based on electrochemical, semiconductor and other sensing principles, the first hydrogen concentration sensor real-time monitors the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen supply pipeline. Once it detects that the hydrogen concentration deviates from the set range, it immediately sends a signal to the system control module to prevent the stack performance from being affected by abnormal hydrogen concentration or causing safety risks.

[0087] The hydrogen flow meter 209 is used to accurately measure the hydrogen flow rate entering the fuel cell stack 100 in real time and feedback the measurement data to the system control module, so that the system can accurately regulate the hydrogen supply according to the actual needs of the stack.

[0088] The temperature and humidity sensor 210 measures the temperature and humidity parameters of hydrogen in real time through built-in temperature and humidity sensing elements, and transmits the data to the system control module, so that the system can monitor and adjust the temperature and humidity of hydrogen to ensure that it is in the best state conducive to the stack reaction.

[0089] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the hydrogen system further includes a steam-water separator 211, a check valve, a drain pipeline 213, an exhaust pipeline 214, a drain solenoid valve 215, and an exhaust solenoid valve 212.

[0090] The steam-water separator 211 is arranged on the hydrogen recovery pipeline 207 between the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack 100 and the hydrogen circulation pump 206. The steam-water separator 211 is used to separate gas and water from the hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack 100. One end of the drain pipeline 213 is connected to the steam-water separator 211, and one end of the exhaust pipeline 214 is connected to the steam-water separator 211. The hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack 100 is processed by the steam-water separator 211 to separate gas and water. The separated water is discharged through the drain pipeline 213, and the separated hydrogen is transported by the hydrogen circulation pump 206 to the position of the ejector 205. The hydrogen that cannot be pumped by the hydrogen circulation pump 206 due to power reasons is discharged through the exhaust pipeline 214. The drain solenoid valve 215 is arranged on the drain pipeline 213, and the exhaust solenoid valve 212 is arranged on the exhaust pipeline 214.

[0091] The check valve is arranged on the exhaust pipeline 214 between the steam-water separator 211 and the exhaust solenoid valve 212. When the gas attempts to flow reversely, the valve automatically closes to effectively prevent gas backflow.

[0092] As a supplement to the above technical solution, it further includes a second proportional valve 208. The second proportional valve 208 is connected in parallel with the first proportional valve 204 on the hydrogen supply pipeline 201. During normal operation, the second proportional valve 208 is in a normally closed state. When it is necessary to increase the hydrogen flow rate, the second proportional valve 208 can be opened to increase the hydrogen flow rate in the hydrogen supply pipeline 201.

[0093] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the air system includes an air filter 600, an air flow meter 601, an air compressor 602, a first air pressure and temperature sensor 603, an intercooler 604, a second air pressure and temperature sensor 605, a humidifier 606, a back pressure valve 607, an air delivery pipeline 608, and an air discharge pipeline 609;

[0094] One end of the air delivery pipeline 608 is communicated with the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 100, and one end of the air discharge pipeline 609 is communicated with the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 100.

[0095] The air filter 600, air flow meter 601, air compressor 602, first air pressure and temperature sensor 603, intercooler 604, second air pressure and temperature sensor 605, and humidifier 606 are sequentially arranged on the air delivery pipeline 608 along the air delivery direction.

[0096] The air filter 600 is located at the inlet end of the air delivery pipeline 608. By using the filtering function of the filter element, it effectively blocks impurities such as dust and particulate matter in the air, purifies the air entering the subsequent system, avoids damage to the internal structure of the fuel cell stack 100 caused by these impurities, and ensures the performance and service life of the stack.

[0097] The air flow meter 601 is used to accurately measure the air flow rate entering the fuel cell stack 100 in real time and feed the measured data back to the system control module, enabling the system to precisely control the air supply according to the power demand of the stack.

[0098] The air compressor 602 is used to compress the air delivered from the air filter 600, increasing the air pressure and density, thereby providing sufficient oxygen for the fuel cell stack 100 to meet the chemical reaction requirements of the stack.

[0099] The first air pressure and temperature sensor 603 is equipped with a temperature sensing element and a pressure sensitive element, which real-time monitors the temperature and pressure parameters of the air after being processed by the air compressor 602 and transmits this data to the system control module, providing comprehensive and accurate data support for the operation control and fault diagnosis of the system.

[0100] The intercooler 604 is used to cool the air.

[0101] The humidifier 606 humidifies the air cooled by the intercooler 604 through methods such as spraying water and injecting steam, making the air have an appropriate humidity, which helps the proton conduction of the proton exchange membrane and ensures the normal and efficient operation of the fuel cell stack 100.

[0102] The back pressure valve 607 is arranged on the air discharge pipeline 609. The back pressure valve 607 automatically adjusts the valve opening according to the pressure value preset by the system, precisely regulates and stably controls the air pressure entering the fuel cell stack 100, prevents air backflow, ensures the internal pressure of the stack is stable, and maintains the normal operating conditions of the stack.

[0103] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the air system further includes an intercooler cooling water delivery pipeline 610 and an intercooler cooling water return pipeline 611. One end of the intercooler cooling water delivery pipeline 610 is communicated with the cooling water delivery pipeline 301, and the other end is communicated with the intercooler 604; one end of the intercooler cooling water return pipeline 611 is communicated with the intercooler 604, and the other end is communicated with the cooling water return pipeline 302. A large amount of heat is generated during the operation of the intercooler 604. Through the arrangement of the intercooler cooling water delivery pipeline 610 and the intercooler cooling water return pipeline 611, the heat generated can be transported into the cooling water system and then transported to the heat exchange medium storage tank 400 by the cooling water system.

[0104] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the air system further includes a flow dividing valve 612 and a flow dividing pipeline 613.

[0105] The first end of the flow dividing pipeline 613 is communicated with the air delivery pipeline 608 located between the humidifier 606 and the second air pressure and temperature sensor 605, and the second end is communicated with the air discharge pipeline 609 located behind the back pressure valve 607. The flow dividing valve 612 is electrically connected to the system control module and receives control signals. By adjusting the valve opening, part of the air can be used for other auxiliary functions of the system such as purging or directly discharged, so as to realize the reasonable distribution of air.

[0106] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the air system includes a third air pressure and temperature sensor 614 and a second hydrogen concentration sensor 615. The ends of the drain pipeline 213 and the exhaust pipeline 214 are both communicated with the air discharge pipeline 609. The third air pressure and temperature sensor 614 and the second hydrogen concentration sensor 615 are both arranged on the discharge pipeline and behind the connection positions of the drain pipeline 213 and the exhaust pipeline 214 with the air discharge pipeline 609. The hydrogen concentration in the air discharge pipeline 609 is detected by the second hydrogen concentration sensor 615, and the temperature and pressure data in the air discharge pipeline 609 are monitored by the third air pressure and temperature sensor 614.

[0107] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the above components are all connected to the system control module, and the normal operation of the overall control system is realized through the system control module, and the opening and closing of each valve and the switching of each component are adjusted.

[0108] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell system that supplies hydrogen using a hydrogen storage material, characterized in that, It includes an air system, a hydrogen system, a cooling water system, a heating system, and a fuel cell stack (100); The air system is connected to the fuel cell stack (100) and is used to supply air to the fuel cell stack (100); The hydrogen system includes a hydrogen storage cylinder (200), a hydrogen supply pipeline (201), and a hydrogen storage cylinder temperature sensor (202). A hydrogen storage material is provided in the hydrogen storage cylinder (200), which can generate hydrogen when heated. The hydrogen storage cylinder (200) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack (100) through the hydrogen supply pipeline (201), and the hydrogen storage cylinder temperature sensor (202) is arranged on the hydrogen storage cylinder (200); The cooling water system includes a first water replenishing tank (300), and the first water replenishing tank (300) is connected to the water inlet of the fuel cell stack (100) and is used to supply cooling water into the stack; The heating system is connected to the hydrogen storage cylinder (200) and is used to input a heat source to the hydrogen storage cylinder (200) to heat the hydrogen storage material to generate hydrogen.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell system for supplying hydrogen by using a hydrogen storage material according to claim 1, wherein, The cooling water system further includes a cooling water delivery pipeline (301), a cooling water return pipeline (302), a circulation pipeline (303), a first water pump (304), and a first solenoid valve (305); The first water replenishing tank (300) is connected to the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack (100) through the cooling water delivery pipeline (301), and the first solenoid valve (305) and the first water pump (304) are sequentially arranged on the cooling water delivery pipeline (301) along the cooling water delivery direction. The first end of the cooling water return pipeline (302) is connected to the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack (100), and the second end is a drain port, and a drain valve is provided on the drain port; The first end of the circulation pipeline (303) is connected to the cooling water return pipeline (302), and the second end is connected to the cooling water delivery pipeline (301). The position where the circulation pipeline (303) is connected to the cooling water delivery pipeline (301) is between the first solenoid valve (305) and the first water pump (304).

3. A hydrogen fuel cell system for supplying hydrogen using a hydrogen storage material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heating system includes a heat transfer medium storage tank (400), a heat exchanger (401), a heat transfer delivery pipeline (402), a heat transfer return pipeline (403), and a heat transfer medium storage tank temperature sensor (404); The hydrogen storage cylinder (200) is arranged in the heat transfer medium storage tank (400), the heat transfer medium storage tank (400) is connected to the heat exchanger (401), and the heat transfer medium storage tank (400) contains a heat transfer medium; A heat transfer delivery pipeline (402) is connected between the cooling water return pipeline (302) and the heat exchanger (401). The position where the heat transfer delivery pipeline (402) is connected to the cooling water return pipeline (302) is between the first end of the circulation pipeline (303) and the drain port of the cooling water return pipeline (302). A heat transfer return pipeline (403) is connected between the cooling water delivery pipeline (301) and the heat exchanger (401). The position where the heat transfer return pipeline (403) is connected to the cooling water delivery pipeline (301) is between the first solenoid valve (305) and the first water pump (304).

4. A hydrogen fuel cell system for supplying hydrogen using a hydrogen storage material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cooling water system further includes a first temperature and pressure sensor (306) and a second temperature and pressure sensor (307). The first temperature and pressure sensor (306) is disposed on the cooling water return pipeline (302) between the fuel cell stack (100) and the first end of the circulation pipeline (303); the second temperature and pressure sensor (307) is disposed on the cooling water delivery pipeline (301) between the first water pump (304) and the fuel cell stack (100). The heating system further includes a first thermostat (405) and a first temperature sensor (406); the first thermostat (405) is disposed on the heat exchange delivery pipeline (402), and the first temperature sensor (406) is disposed on the heat exchange return pipeline (403).

5. A hydrogen fuel cell system for supplying hydrogen using a hydrogen storage material according to claim 4, characterized in that The cooling water system further includes a water filter (308), a positive temperature coefficient heater (309), a first thermostat (310), a conductivity meter (311), a first water flow meter (312), and a second thermostat (310). The water filter (308) is disposed on the cooling water delivery pipeline (301) between the first water replenishing tank (300) and the first solenoid valve (305); the positive temperature coefficient heater (309) is disposed on the circulation pipeline (303); the second thermostat (310) and the conductivity meter (311) are both disposed on the cooling water delivery pipeline (301) between the second end of the circulation pipeline (303) and the first water pump (304); the first water flow meter (312) is disposed on the cooling water return pipeline (302).

6. The hydrogen fuel cell system using a hydrogen storage material to supply hydrogen according to claim 2, wherein it further includes a cooling system, including a second water replenishing tank (500), a second water pump (501), a stop valve (502), a cooling pipeline (503), and a second water flow meter (504). The second water replenishing tank (500) is connected to the heat exchange medium storage tank (400) through the cooling pipeline (503), and the second water pump (501), the second water flow meter (504), and the stop valve (502) are all disposed on the cooling pipeline (503). The cooling water system further includes a cooling water replenishing pipeline (313) and a second solenoid valve (314). The first end of the cooling water replenishing pipeline (313) is communicated with the first water replenishing tank (300), and the second end is communicated with the cooling water return pipeline (302). The second solenoid valve (314) is disposed on the cooling water replenishing pipeline (313).

7. A hydrogen fuel cell system for supplying hydrogen using a hydrogen storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen system further includes a third solenoid valve (203), a first proportional valve (204), an ejector (205), a hydrogen circulation pump (206), a hydrogen recovery pipeline (207), a first hydrogen concentration sensor, a hydrogen flow meter (209), and a temperature and humidity sensor (210). The third solenoid valve (203), the first proportional valve (204), and the ejector (205) are sequentially disposed on the hydrogen supply pipeline (201) along the hydrogen flow direction. One end of the hydrogen recovery pipeline (207) is communicated with the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack (100), and the other end is communicated with the mixing chamber inlet of the ejector (205). A hydrogen circulation pump (206) is arranged on the hydrogen recovery pipeline (207). The first hydrogen concentration sensor, the hydrogen flowmeter (209), and the temperature and humidity sensor (210) are all arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline (201) between the ejector (205) and the fuel cell stack (100).

8. A hydrogen fuel cell system for supplying hydrogen using a hydrogen storage material according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydrogen system further includes a steam-water separator (211), a drain pipeline (213), an exhaust pipeline (214), a drain solenoid valve (215), and an exhaust solenoid valve (212). The steam-water separator (211) is arranged on the hydrogen recovery pipeline (207) between the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack (100) and the hydrogen circulation pump (206). One end of the drain pipeline (213) is connected to the steam-water separator (211), and one end of the exhaust pipeline (214) is connected to the steam-water separator (211). The hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack (100) is processed by the steam-water separator (211) to separate gas and water. The separated water is discharged through the drain pipeline (213), and the separated hydrogen is transported to the position of the ejector (205) by the hydrogen circulation pump (206). The hydrogen not extracted by the hydrogen circulation pump (206) is discharged through the exhaust pipeline (214). The drain solenoid valve (215) is arranged on the drain pipeline (213), and the exhaust solenoid valve (212) is arranged on the exhaust pipeline (214).

9. The hydrogen fuel cell system for supplying hydrogen by using a hydrogen storage material according to claim 2, wherein The air system includes an air filter (600), an air flowmeter (601), an air compressor (602), a first air pressure and temperature sensor (603), an intercooler (604), a second air pressure and temperature sensor (605), a humidifier (606), a back pressure valve (607), an air delivery pipeline (608), and an air discharge pipeline (609). One end of the air delivery pipeline (608) is communicated with the air inlet of the fuel cell stack (100), and one end of the air discharge pipeline (609) is communicated with the air outlet of the fuel cell stack (100). The air filter (600), the air flowmeter (601), the air compressor (602), the first air pressure and temperature sensor (603), the intercooler (604), the second air pressure and temperature sensor (605), and the humidifier (606) are sequentially arranged on the air delivery pipeline (608) along the air delivery direction. The back pressure valve (607) is arranged on the air discharge pipeline (609).

10. A hydrogen fuel cell system for supplying hydrogen using a hydrogen storage material according to claim 9, characterized in that, The air system further includes an intercooler cooling water delivery pipeline (610), an intercooler cooling water return pipeline (611), a flow dividing valve (612), and a flow dividing pipeline (613). One end of the intercooler cooling water delivery pipeline (610) is communicated with the cooling water delivery pipeline (301), and the other end is communicated with the intercooler (604). One end of the intercooler cooling water return pipeline (611) is communicated with the intercooler (604), and the other end is communicated with the cooling water return pipeline (302). The first end of the shunt pipeline (613) communicates with the air delivery pipeline (608) located between the humidifier (606) and the second air pressure and temperature sensor (605), and the second end communicates with the air discharge pipeline (609) located behind the back pressure valve (607).

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