Prismatic secondary lithium ion battery cell

Abstract

An electrical system includes a battery pack having battery cells. The battery cell includes a case having at least one side and forming a chamber, an electrode assembly disposed within the chamber, and an isolation assembly disposed in the chamber between the electrode assembly and the at least one side of the case. The insulation assembly includes an endothermic material enclosed by a plastic cover. The endothermic material has a non-combustible liquid stored therein. The plastic cover is configured to contract when a temperature of the plastic cover is above a threshold temperature to release the non-combustible liquid from the heat absorbing material into the chamber to reduce heat flow from outside the housing to the electrode assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a battery pack for an electric vehicle, and more particularly, to a battery cell of a battery pack that includes an isolation device for suppressing the propagation of thermal runaway events in the battery pack. Background Art

[0002] Battery packs are used to power electric vehicles. A battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells that operate to supply electrical power. An internal short circuit occurring in one battery cell may generate heat, which may cause a short circuit in an adjacent battery cell. In an event known as a thermal runaway event, the process cascades out of control. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a battery pack that resists thermal runaway events. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In one exemplary embodiment, a battery cell is disclosed. The battery cell includes a housing having at least one side and forming a chamber, an electrode assembly disposed within the chamber, and an isolation assembly disposed within the chamber between the electrode assembly and at least one side of the housing. The isolation assembly includes a heat-absorbing material enclosed by a plastic covering. The heat-absorbing material has a non-flammable liquid stored therein. The plastic covering is configured to shrink when the temperature of the plastic covering is higher than a threshold temperature, thereby releasing the non-flammable liquid from the heat-absorbing material into the chamber to reduce heat flow from outside the housing to the electrode assembly.

[0004] In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the at least one side includes a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the battery cell is disposed between the first wall and the second wall, and the isolation assembly includes a first isolation device disposed between the electrode assembly and the first wall and a second isolation device disposed between the electrode assembly and the second wall.

[0005] In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the at least one side includes a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the battery cell is disposed between the first wall and the second wall, wherein the isolation assembly includes an adhesive layer having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a first isolation device, the second portion having a second isolation device, wherein the adhesive layer adheres to the electrode assembly to dispose the first isolation device between the first wall and the electrode assembly and to dispose the second isolation device between the battery cell and the second wall.

[0006] In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the adhesive layer includes a third portion between the first portion and the second portion, the third portion adhering to the bottom of the electrode assembly.

[0007] In addition to one or more features described herein, the heat-absorbing material is made of metal hydroxide and the non-flammable liquid is an organic solvent.

[0008] In addition to one or more features described herein, the housing is in the form of a cylindrical tube, the electrode assembly is in the shape of a cylindrical electrode and is disposed within the cylindrical tube, and the insulating assembly is disposed between the cylindrical tube and the cylindrical electrode.

[0009] In addition to one or more features described herein, the outer casing includes a bag film surrounding the electrode assembly, wherein the insulating assembly is between the electrode assembly and the bag film.

[0010] In another exemplary embodiment, a battery pack for an electrical system is disclosed. The battery pack includes battery cells. Each battery cell includes a housing having at least one side and forming a chamber, an electrode assembly disposed within the chamber, and an insulating assembly disposed within the chamber between the electrode assembly and at least one side of the housing. The insulating assembly includes a heat-absorbing material enclosed by a plastic covering. The heat-absorbing material has a non-flammable liquid stored therein. The plastic covering is configured to shrink when the temperature of the plastic covering is higher than a threshold temperature, thereby releasing the non-flammable liquid from the heat-absorbing material into the chamber to reduce heat flow from outside the housing to the electrode assembly.

[0011] In addition to one or more features described herein, the at least one side includes a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the battery cell is disposed between the first wall and the second wall, and the insulating assembly includes a first insulating device disposed between the electrode assembly and the first wall and a second insulating device disposed between the electrode assembly and the second wall.

[0012] In addition to one or more features described herein, the at least one side includes a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the battery cell is disposed between the first wall and the second wall, wherein the insulating assembly includes an adhesive layer having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a first insulating device and the second portion having a second insulating device, wherein the adhesive layer adheres to the electrode assembly to dispose the first insulating device between the first wall and the electrode assembly and to dispose the second insulating device between the battery cell and the second wall.

[0013] In addition to one or more features described herein, the adhesive layer includes a third portion between the first portion and the second portion, the third portion adhering to the bottom of the electrode assembly.

[0014] In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the heat-absorbing material is made of metal hydroxide, and the non-flammable liquid is an organic solvent.

[0015] In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the housing is in the form of a cylindrical tube, the electrode assembly is in the shape of a cylindrical electrode and is disposed within the cylindrical tube, and the insulating assembly is disposed between the cylindrical tube and the cylindrical electrode.

[0016] In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the outer casing includes a bag film that surrounds the electrode assembly, wherein the insulating assembly is between the electrode assembly and the bag film.

[0017] In another exemplary embodiment, an electrical system is disclosed. The electrical system includes a battery pack having battery cells. The battery cells include a housing having at least one side and forming a chamber, an electrode assembly disposed within the chamber, and an insulating assembly disposed within the chamber between the electrode assembly and at least one side of the housing. The insulating assembly includes a heat-absorbing material enclosed by a plastic covering. The heat-absorbing material has a non-flammable liquid stored therein. The plastic covering is configured to shrink when the temperature of the plastic covering is higher than a threshold temperature, thereby releasing the non-flammable liquid from the heat-absorbing material into the chamber to reduce the heat flow from outside the housing to the electrode assembly.

[0018] In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the at least one side includes a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the battery cell is disposed between the first wall and the second wall, and the insulating assembly includes a first insulating device disposed between the electrode assembly and the first wall and a second insulating device disposed between the electrode assembly and the second wall.

[0019] In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the at least one side includes a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the battery cell is disposed between the first wall and the second wall, wherein the insulating assembly includes an adhesive layer having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a first insulating device and the second portion having a second insulating device, wherein the adhesive layer adheres to the electrode assembly to dispose the first insulating device between the first wall and the electrode assembly and to dispose the second insulating device between the battery cell and the second wall.

[0020] In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the adhesive layer includes a third portion between the first portion and the second portion, the third portion adhering to the bottom of the electrode assembly.

[0021] In addition to one or more features described herein, the endothermic material is made of metal hydroxide and the non-flammable liquid is an organic solvent.

[0022] In addition to one or more features described herein, the electrical system is one of an energy storage system, an electric vehicle, a component of a vehicle, a locomotive, and a marine vehicle.

[0023] The above and other features and advantages of the present disclosure, as well as other features and advantages, are apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Other features, advantages, and details appear only by way of example in the following detailed description, which refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0025] Figure 1 A vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery cell of an embodiment in an illustrative battery pack;

[0027] Figure 3 is a detailed view of an insulation embodiment in a device;

[0028] Figure 4 is a view of a battery cell in an assembled state in an illustrative embodiment;

[0029] Figure 5 An insulation component in an embodiment is shown;

[0030] Figure 6 Another insulation component in an embodiment is shown;

[0031] Figure 7 Shows a battery cell including an insulation component disposed in the battery cell Figure 6 ;

[0032] Figure 8 is a battery cell in another embodiment;

[0033] Figure 9 Shows a top view of a battery cell at a cross-section of a battery cell having an insulation component Figure 8 ; and

[0034] Figure 10 A pouch battery is shown in perspective. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, its application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.

[0036] According to an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 A vehicle 10 is shown. The vehicle 10 includes a body 12 that at least partially defines an occupant compartment 14. The body 12 also supports various vehicle subsystems, including a propulsion system 16, and other subsystems for supporting the functions of the propulsion system 16 and other vehicle components, such as a braking subsystem, a suspension system, a steering subsystem, and the like.

[0037] The vehicle 10 can be an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid vehicle, or any other vehicle. In an embodiment, the vehicle 10 is an electric vehicle that includes multiple electric motors and / or drive systems. Any number of drive units can be included, such as one or more drive units for applying torque to the front wheels (not shown) and / or the rear wheels (not shown). The drive units are controllable to operate the vehicle 10 in various operating modes, such as a normal mode, a high-performance mode (where additional torque is applied), all-wheel drive (“AWD”), front-wheel drive (“FWD”), rear-wheel drive (“RWD”), and the like.

[0038] For example, the propulsion system 16 is a multi-drive system that includes a front drive unit 20 for driving the front wheels and a rear drive unit for driving the rear wheels. The front drive unit 20 includes a front electric motor 22 and a front inverter 24 (e.g., a front power inverter module or FPIM), as well as other components such as a cooling system. The left rear drive unit 30L includes a left rear electric motor 32L and a left rear inverter 34L. The right rear drive unit 30R includes a right rear electric motor 32R and a right rear inverter 34R. The front inverter 24, the left rear inverter 34L, and the right rear inverter 34R (e.g., power inverter units or PIMs) each convert direct current (DC) power from a high-voltage (HV) battery system 40 into polyphase (e.g., two-phase, three-phase, six-phase, etc.) alternating current (AC) power to drive the front electric motor 22, the left rear electric motor 32L, and the right rear electric motor 32R.

[0039] As Figure 1 shown, the drive system features separate electric motors. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, instead of separate electric motors, multiple drives can be provided by a single machine having physically independent multiple sets of windings.

[0040] Also as Figure 1As shown, the drive system is configured such that the front motor 22 drives the front wheels (not shown), and the left rear motor 32L and the right rear motor 32R drive the rear wheels (not shown). However, the embodiments are not limited thereto, as any number of drive systems and / or motors can be present at various locations (e.g., motors driving each wheel, dual motors for each axle, etc.). Additionally, the embodiments are not limited to dual drive systems, as the embodiments can be used with vehicles having any number of motors and / or power inverters.

[0041] In the propulsion system 16, the front drive unit 20, the left rear drive unit 30L, and the right rear drive unit 30R are electrically connected to the battery system 40. The battery system 40 can also be electrically connected to other electrical components (also referred to as "electrical loads"), such as vehicle electronics (e.g., via an auxiliary power module or APM 42), heaters, cooling systems, etc. The battery system 40 can be configured as a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS).

[0042] In one embodiment, the battery system 40 includes a plurality of individual battery assemblies, where each battery assembly can be charged independently and can be used to independently power one or more drive systems. For example, the battery system 40 includes a first battery assembly, such as a first battery pack 44 and a second battery pack 46 connected to the front inverter 24. The first battery pack 44 includes a plurality of battery modules 48, and the second battery pack 46 includes a plurality of battery modules 50. Each battery module 48, 50 includes a plurality of individual battery cells (not shown). In various embodiments, one or more of the battery packs can include MODACS (Multiple Output Dynamically Adjustable Capacity) batteries.

[0043] Each of the front motor 22, the left rear motor 32L, and the right rear motor 32R is a three-phase motor having a three-phase motor winding. However, the embodiments described herein are not limited thereto. For example, the motor can be any polyphase machine powered by a polyphase inverter, and the drive unit can be implemented using a single machine having multiple sets of independent windings.

[0044] The battery system 40 and / or the propulsion system 16 includes a switching system having various switching devices for controlling the operation of the first battery pack 44 and the second battery pack 46 and selectively connecting the first battery pack 44 and the second battery pack 46 to the front drive unit 20, the left rear drive unit 30L, and the right rear drive unit 30R. The switching devices can also be operated to selectively connect the first battery pack 44 and the second battery pack 46 to the charging system. The charging system can be used to charge the first battery pack 44 and the second battery pack 46 and / or supply power from the first battery pack 44 and / or the second battery pack 46 to charge another energy storage system (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) charging). The charging system includes one or more charging modules. For example, the first on-board charging module (OBCM) 52 is electrically connected to the charging port 54 for charging from and charging to an AC system or device (such as a utility AC power supply). A second OBCM 53 can be included for DC charging (e.g., DC fast charging or DCFC).

[0045] In an embodiment, the switching system includes a first switching device 60 and a second switching device 62. The first switching device 60 selectively connects the first battery pack 44 to the front inverter 24, the left rear inverter 34L, and the right rear inverter 34R. The second switching device 62 selectively connects the second battery pack 46 to the front inverter 24, the left rear inverter 34L, and the right rear inverter 34R. The switching system also includes a third switching device 64 (also referred to as a “battery switching device”) for selectively connecting the first battery pack 44 in series with the second battery pack 46.

[0046] Any of a variety of controllers can be used to control the functions of the battery system 40, the switching system, and the drive units. The controller includes any suitable processing device or unit, and existing controllers such as a drive system controller, a RESS controller, and / or a controller in the drive system can be used. For example, a controller 65 can be included for controlling the switching and drive control operations as discussed herein.

[0047] The vehicle 10 also includes a computer system 55 that includes one or more processing devices 56 and a user interface 58. The computer system 55 can communicate with the charging system controller, for example, to provide commands thereto in response to user input. Various processing devices, modules, and units can communicate with each other via a communication device or system (such as a controller area network (CAN) or a transmission control protocol (TCP) bus).

[0048] As shown herein, the vehicle 10 is an electric vehicle. In alternative embodiments, the vehicle 10 can be an internal combustion engine vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, etc.

[0049] Figure 2 Is an exploded view 200 of a battery cell of an exemplary battery pack. The battery cell includes a housing 202, an electrode assembly 204, a cap 206, and an isolation device 208. A coordinate system 205 is shown for illustrative purposes only. The housing 202 may take the form of a can or a box having an opening 210 at one end. The housing 202 includes a base 212 and at least one side wall and an opening 210 opposite the base. The base 212 is a quadrilateral surface located in the xy plane of the coordinate system 205. In an embodiment, the at least one side wall includes four walls extending from the base 212 along the z-axis of the coordinate system 205. For illustrative purposes, two opposite walls of the housing 202 are shown, herein referred to as the first wall 214 and the second wall 216. The electrode assembly 204 includes an anode, a cathode, and a separator material between the anode and the cathode. The separator material, anode, and cathode may include voids, and an electrolyte material may fill the voids of one or more of the separator material, cathode, and anode.

[0050] Figure 3 Is a detailed view 300 of the isolation device 208 in an embodiment. The isolation device 208 includes a heat-absorbing material 302 encapsulated in a plastic cover 304. The plastic cover 304 is made of polyolefin, such as polyethylene or polypropylene. The heat-absorbing material 302 is made of compressed powder and includes a plurality of voids 306 in which an incombustible liquid 308 is stored. In various embodiments, the incombustible liquid 308 is an organic solvent (i.e., an incombustible organic solvent). Exemplary incombustible organic solvents include trimethyl phosphate (TMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), tripropyl phosphate (TPrP), etc. In various embodiments, the heat-absorbing material 302 is a metal hydroxide. Exemplary metal hydroxides include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, etc. The plastic cover 304 prevents the incombustible liquid 308 from flowing out of the voids 306 and out of the heat-absorbing material 302. When the temperature of the isolation device 208 rises above a threshold temperature (e.g., above 120 degrees Celsius), the plastic cover 304 melts or shrinks, thereby releasing the incombustible liquid 308 from the voids 306 into the chamber 402 ( Figure 4 ) to mix with the electrolyte fluid of the electrode assembly 204. Then, the voids 306 of the heat-absorbing material 302 are filled with air. The heat flow resistance of the heat-absorbing material with voids filled with air is greater than the resistance when the voids are filled with the incombustible liquid 308. Therefore, the heat-absorbing material 302 (with voids filled with air) inhibits the flow of heat from outside the housing to the electrode assembly 204. At the electrode assembly 204, the incombustible liquid 308 prevents the possible ignition of the elements of the electrode assembly (i.e., the anode, cathode, and separator).

[0051] Figure 4Figure 400 shows a battery cell in an assembled state in an illustrative embodiment. The electrode assembly 204 and the insulating device 208 are placed in the housing 202 via the opening 210. Then the cap 206 is placed on the housing 202 at the opening 210 to form a chamber 402 that includes the electrode assembly 204 and the insulating device 208. The electrode assembly 204 is disposed in the chamber 402 between the first wall 214 and the second wall 216. The insulating device 208 is disposed between the electrode assembly 204 and the wall of the housing 202. In one embodiment, the insulating device 208 includes a first insulating device 208a disposed between the first side of the electrode assembly 204 and the first wall 214 and a second insulating device 208b disposed between the second side of the electrode assembly and the second wall 216.

[0052] Figure 5 An insulating assembly 500 in one embodiment is shown. The insulating assembly 500 includes an adhesive layer 502 (e.g., a flexible tape) for winding around and adhering to the electrode assembly 204. The adhesive layer 502 has a first portion 504, a second portion 506, and a third portion 508 between the first portion and the second portion.

[0053] The first portion 504 is configured to adhere to the first side of the electrode assembly (e.g., near the first wall 214).

[0054] The second portion 506 is configured to adhere to the second side of the electrode assembly (e.g., near the second wall 216). The third portion 508 is configured to adhere to the bottom of the electrode assembly (e.g., near the base 212). The first portion 504 includes the first insulating device 208a, and the second portion 506 includes the second insulating device 208b. Adhesion of the adhesive layer 502 to the electrode assembly results in Figure 4 the battery cell configuration shown in

[0055] Figure 6 Another insulating assembly 600 in one embodiment is shown. The insulating assembly 600 includes an adhesive layer 502 having a first portion 504, a second portion 506, and a third portion 508. The first portion 504 includes the first insulating device 208a, and the second portion 506 includes the second insulating device 208b. The third portion 508 includes a third insulating device 208c. The heat-absorbing material of the third insulating device 208c may have the same or different characteristics from the heat-absorbing materials of the first insulating device 208a and the second insulating device 208b. In particular, the heat-absorbing material of the third insulating device 208c may be coarser and have a higher porosity than the heat-absorbing materials of the first insulating device 208a and the second insulating device 208b. Thus, the third insulating device 208c may be more flexible than the first insulating device 208a and the second insulating device 208b. The insulating assembly 600 may be disposed in the housing, as Figure 7 shown.

[0056] Figure 7 illustrates a battery cell 700, which includes a Figure 6 insulation component 600 disposed therein. The first portion 504 and the first insulation component 208a are disposed between the electrode assembly 204 and the first wall 214. The second portion 506 and the second insulation component 208c are disposed between the electrode assembly 204 and the second wall 216. The third portion 508 and the third insulation device 208c are disposed between the electrode assembly 204 and the base 212.

[0057] Figure 8 is a battery cell 800 in another embodiment. The battery cell 800 includes an electrode assembly 802, which has an anode layer 804, a cathode layer 806, and a separator layer 808 located between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The anode layer 804, the cathode layer 806, and the separator layer 808 are made of a flexible material, which is rolled up to form a cylindrical electrode (or "jelly roll"). The jelly roll is disposed in a housing 810 in the form of a cylindrical tube. A cap 812 is placed at the end of the housing 810 to form a chamber surrounding the electrode assembly 802.

[0058] Figure 9 illustrates Figure 8 a top view 900 of the battery cell 800 at cross-section 9-9, which has an insulation component. The electrode assembly 802 is disposed within the housing 810. The insulation component includes an insulation device 902 and an adhesive layer 904. The insulation component is wound around the outer surface of the cylindrical side of the electrode assembly 802. The adhesive layer 904 adheres the insulation device 902 to the electrode assembly 802.

[0059] Figure 10 A pouch-type battery 1000 is shown in perspective view. The pouch-type battery 1000 includes an electrode assembly 1002 and an insulation device wound around the electrode assembly 1002. The electrode assembly 1002 and the insulation component 1004 are disposed within a pouch film 1006. The pouch film 1006 is a flexible packaging material, which serves as the outer casing or enclosure of the battery cell, providing mechanical support, electrical insulation, and protection against external elements. The pouch film 1006 can be made of a multi-layer material. The innermost layer can be a polymer film that serves as a barrier to prevent electrolyte leakage and the penetration of moisture or contaminants. The innermost layer can be made of a material such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), or a combination of both. The outer layer of the pouch film provides structural integrity and protection. They can include materials such as aluminum foil or other metallized films to enhance the barrier properties and provide additional protection against the entry of moisture and oxygen.

[0060] The insulation component 1004 can include an insulation device and an adhesive, as disclosed herein. The pouch film 1006 is at Figure 6is shown in the deployed state. To form the pouch-type battery 1000, the pouch film 1006 is wrapped to form a housing that encloses the electrode assembly 1002 and the insulation assembly 1004 therein.

[0061] The battery pack is described herein as a component of an electric vehicle. In other embodiments, the battery pack can be a component of any type of electrical system, such as an energy storage system, a vehicle, a locomotive, a marine vehicle, etc.

[0062] The term "a" does not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denotes the presence of at least one of the referenced item. Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the term "or" means "and / or". References to "aspect" throughout the specification mean that the particular elements (e.g., features, structures, steps, or characteristics) described in connection with that aspect are included in at least one aspect described herein, and may or may not be present in other aspects. Additionally, it should be understood that the described elements can be combined in any suitable manner in the various aspects.

[0063] When an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element, no intervening elements are present.

[0064] Unless otherwise stated herein, all test standards are the latest standards in effect as of the filing date of this application, or if priority is claimed, the filing date of the earliest priority application in which the test standards appear.

[0065] Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0066] Although the foregoing disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes can be made and equivalents can be substituted for its elements without departing from its scope. Additionally, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from its basic scope. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but rather will include all embodiments falling within its scope.

Claims

1. A battery cell, comprising: a housing having at least one side and forming a chamber; an electrode assembly disposed within the chamber; and an insulating assembly disposed within the chamber between the at least one side of the housing and the electrode assembly, the insulating assembly including a heat-absorbing material enclosed by a plastic covering, the heat-absorbing material having a non-flammable liquid stored therein, wherein the plastic covering is configured to shrink when the temperature of the plastic covering is higher than a threshold temperature, thereby releasing the non-flammable liquid from the heat-absorbing material into the chamber to reduce heat flow from outside the housing to the electrode assembly.

2. The battery cell according to claim 1, wherein the at least one side includes a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the battery cell is disposed between the first wall and the second wall, and the insulating assembly includes a first insulating device disposed between the electrode assembly and the first wall and a second insulating device disposed between the electrode assembly and the second wall.

3. The battery cell according to claim 1, wherein the at least one side includes a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the battery cell is disposed between the first wall and the second wall, and wherein the insulating assembly includes an adhesive layer having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a first insulating device and the second portion having a second insulating device, wherein the adhesive layer adheres to the electrode assembly to dispose the first insulating device between the first wall and the electrode assembly and to dispose the second insulating device between the battery cell and the second wall.

4. The battery cell according to claim 1, wherein the housing is in the form of a cylindrical tube, the electrode assembly is in the shape of a cylindrical electrode and is disposed within the cylindrical tube, and the insulating assembly is disposed between the cylindrical tube and the cylindrical electrode.

5. The battery cell according to claim 1, wherein the outer casing includes a pouch film surrounding the electrode assembly, and the insulating assembly is between the electrode assembly and the pouch film.

6. A battery pack for an electrical system, comprising: a battery cell, comprising: a housing having at least one side and forming a chamber; an electrode assembly disposed within the chamber; and an insulating assembly disposed within the chamber between the at least one side of the housing and the electrode assembly, the insulating assembly including a heat-absorbing material enclosed by a plastic covering, the heat-absorbing material having a non-flammable liquid stored therein, wherein the plastic covering is configured to shrink when the temperature of the plastic covering is higher than a threshold temperature, thereby releasing the non-flammable liquid from the heat-absorbing material into the chamber to reduce heat flow from outside the housing to the electrode assembly.

7. The battery pack according to claim 6, wherein the at least one side includes a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the battery cell is disposed between the first wall and the second wall, and the isolation assembly includes a first isolation device disposed between the electrode assembly and the first wall and a second isolation device disposed between the electrode assembly and the second wall.

8. The battery pack according to claim 6, wherein the at least one side includes a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the battery cell is disposed between the first wall and the second wall, and wherein the isolation assembly includes an adhesive layer having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a first isolation device and the second portion having a second isolation device, wherein the adhesive layer adheres to the electrode assembly to dispose the first isolation device between the first wall and the electrode assembly and to dispose the second isolation device between the battery cell and the second wall.

9. The battery pack according to claim 6, wherein the housing is in the form of a cylindrical tube, the electrode assembly is in the shape of a cylindrical electrode and is disposed within the cylindrical tube, and the isolation assembly is disposed between the cylindrical tube and the cylindrical electrode.

10. The battery pack according to claim 6, wherein the outer casing includes a pouch film surrounding the electrode assembly, and wherein the isolation assembly is between the electrode assembly and the pouch film.

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