Efficient charging method and system for storage battery

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency charging method and system for a storage battery, and relates to the technical field of battery charging, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, detecting the state of the battery, firstly detecting the current electric quantity, voltage, temperature state and charge-discharge cycle index information of the battery before charging, S2, setting charging parameters, and according to the state information of the battery, determining the charging time of the battery; current and voltage are set, when the electric quantity of the battery is low, large charging current is adopted for rapid charging, and the charging current is gradually reduced along with the increase of the electric quantity; s3, real-time monitoring and adjustment are carried out, in the charging process, the electric quantity, voltage and temperature information of the battery are monitored in real time, and the charging current and voltage are dynamically adjusted according to the monitoring information; and S4, charging completion detection is carried out, and charging is automatically stopped. According to the invention, the battery parameters are monitored and fed back in real time, the parameters in the charging process are adjusted in real time, the problems of overheating and overcharging of the battery are effectively avoided, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery charging, and particularly relates to a method and system for efficiently charging a storage battery. Background Art

[0002] With the development of technology, various portable electronic devices play an increasingly important role in people's lives. As the energy source of these devices, the performance and service life of the battery directly affect the user experience of the devices, and the charging problem of the battery has become a top priority.

[0003] Currently, traditional charging methods mostly adopt constant current, constant voltage and their combined modes. Constant current charging charges with a fixed current until the battery voltage reaches the cut-off value, which is prone to overcharging, resulting in heat generation and electrolyte decomposition. Constant voltage charging charges with a fixed voltage, and the current gradually decreases as the battery voltage rises, having the disadvantage of slow charging speed. The constant current-constant voltage charging method has poor accuracy in voltage detection, is not convenient for real-time adjustment of charging parameters, and has problems such as slow charging speed, low charging efficiency and easy battery overheating. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for efficiently charging a storage battery to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for efficiently charging a storage battery, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Detect the battery state. Before starting charging, first detect the current battery power, voltage, temperature state and charge and discharge cycle times information;

[0007] Step S2: Set the charging parameters. According to the battery state information, set the charging current and voltage. When the battery power is low, use a large charging current for fast charging. As the power increases, gradually reduce the charging current;

[0008] Step S3: Real-time monitoring and adjustment. During the charging process, real-time monitor the battery power, voltage and temperature information, and dynamically adjust the charging current and voltage according to the monitoring information:

[0009] Step S4: Charging completion detection. When the battery power reaches the preset value, determine that the charging is completed and automatically stop charging.

[0010] Preferably, the detection of the battery state in step S1 includes the following steps:

[0011] Step S11: Connect the battery, and use the battery management system to collect the current battery power, voltage, and temperature data in real time. Obtain the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery using the cycle counter of the battery management system, and store the collected data.

[0012] Step S12: Based on the collected power, voltage, and temperature data, determine the current state of the battery, and calculate the charging voltage and current of the current battery.

[0013] Step S13: Based on the obtained number of charge and discharge cycle data of the battery, determine the usage and service life of the battery.

[0014] Preferably, the steps for setting the charging parameters in step S2 include the following steps:

[0015] Step S21: Based on the obtained battery state and usage data, within the current and voltage ranges supported by the battery management system, combined with the calculated charging voltage and current data, select the charging mode of the current battery, and set the voltage and current for battery charging.

[0016] Step S22: In the constant current stage, charge the battery at the set current until the voltage reaches the upper limit for rapid charging of the battery.

[0017] Step S23: In the constant voltage stage, maintain the upper limit of the voltage, and gradually reduce the current to the cut-off value for gentle charging of the battery.

[0018] Preferably, the steps for real-time monitoring and adjustment in step S3 include the following steps:

[0019] Step S31: Use sensors to monitor the power, voltage, and temperature of the battery during the charging process, and store and process the monitored data.

[0020] Step S32: Use the microcontroller unit to process the monitored data and make algorithmic decisions based on the data.

[0021] Step S33: Use the actuator to execute the algorithm to complete the adjustment of the charging parameters, and store the adjusted charging parameters, battery temperature, and power data, and feedback the data to the microcontroller unit.

[0022] Preferably, the algorithmic decisions include:

[0023] PID control algorithm, which adjusts the PWM duty cycle in real time according to the voltage and current errors for constant voltage and constant current charging.

[0024] Fuzzy logic control algorithm, which manages the battery temperature based on empirical rules to handle non-linear relationships.

[0025] Machine learning algorithm, training a model through historical data to perform adaptive charging of aging batteries.

[0026] Preferably, the output formula of the PID control algorithm is:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, K p is the proportional gain, the immediate response error;

[0029] K i is the integral gain, eliminating the steady-state error;

[0030] K d is the derivative gain, predicting the error trend and suppressing overshoot;

[0031] u(t) represents the output quantity, e(t) represents the input quantity, t represents the time interval elapsed from the start of regulation to the output of the current control quantity, and τ represents the error value.

[0032] An efficient charging system for a storage battery, using the described efficient charging method for a storage battery, includes a power supply module, a charging control module, a battery state detection module, and a charging interface. The power supply module, the charging control module, the battery state detection module, and the charging interface are electrically connected. The power supply module is used to supply power to the charging system. The charging control module dynamically adjusts the charging current and voltage according to the information provided by the battery state detection module. The battery state detection module is responsible for real-time monitoring of the battery's power, voltage, and temperature information. The charging interface is used to connect the battery to the charging system.

[0033] Preferably, the power supply module includes:

[0034] A filter protection unit, which is used to filter grid noise and prevent surge impact;

[0035] A rectification unit, which is connected to the filter protection module. The rectification unit converts alternating current into direct current;

[0036] A DC-DC converter, which is connected to the rectification module and is used to adjust the voltage and current to the battery's requirements;

[0037] A transformer, which is connected to the DC-DC converter and is used for step-down operation.

[0038] Preferably, the charging control module includes:

[0039] A microcontroller, which is connected to the power supply module; the microcontroller is used to process sensor data, execute the charging algorithm, and communicate with the battery management system;

[0040] A charging algorithm decision unit, which is connected to the microcontroller;

[0041] An interface unit, which is connected to the microcontroller and the charging algorithm decision unit,

[0042] and the interface unit is used to connect to the battery management system and the charging interface;

[0043] An actuator unit, which is connected to the microcontroller, and the actuator unit is used to adjust the charging voltage and current in real time;

[0044] A charging unit, which is connected to the microcontroller and the power supply module;

[0045] A heating unit, which is connected to the microcontroller;

[0046] A discharging unit, which is connected to the microcontroller.

[0047] Preferably, the battery status monitoring module includes:

[0048] A fuel gauge, which is connected to the battery and is used to monitor the battery power;

[0049] A voltage detection unit, which is connected to the battery and is used to monitor the battery voltage in real time;

[0050] A temperature detection unit, which is connected to the battery and is used to monitor the battery temperature in real time;

[0051] A cycle counter, which is connected to the battery and is used to record the number of cycle charge and discharge times of the battery.

[0052] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0053] The present invention connects the charging system to the battery through the charging interface, uses the battery status detection module to monitor the battery power, voltage, and temperature information in real time, and feeds back the monitored battery parameters to the charging control module. The charging control module determines the charging method according to the current battery power, voltage, temperature, and cycle charge times. When the battery power is low, a large charging current is used for fast charging. As the power increases, the charging current is gradually reduced, and the parameters during the battery charging process are fed back. The charging control module executes the algorithm strategy to adjust the battery charging parameters in real time, effectively avoiding the problems of battery overheating and overcharging, extending the battery service life, realizing the automatic control of the charging process, improving the charging speed and efficiency, and shortening the charging time. Description of the Drawings

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the charging system process of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process for detecting the battery state of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process for setting the charging parameters of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the real-time monitoring and adjustment process of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the charging system of the present invention.

[0059] In the figure: 1. Power supply module; 2. Charging control module; 3. Battery state detection module; 4. Charging interface. Specific implementation manner

[0060] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0061] The present invention provides a high-efficiency charging method for a storage battery as Figures 1-4 shown, including the following steps:

[0062] Step S1: Detect the battery state. Before starting charging, first detect the current battery power, voltage, temperature state, and charge and discharge cycle times information to obtain the current battery state and usage conditions;

[0063] Step S2: Set the charging parameters. According to the battery state information, set the charging current and voltage. When the battery power is low, use a large charging current for fast charging. As the power increases, gradually reduce the charging current to adjust the battery charging mode;

[0064] Step S3: Real-time monitoring and adjustment. During the charging process, real-time monitor the battery power, voltage, and temperature information, and dynamically adjust the charging current and voltage according to the monitoring information to feedback the battery charging state. During the charging process, real-time adjust the battery charging parameters to avoid overheating and overcharging of the battery and extend the battery life:

[0065] Step S4: Detect the completion of charging. When the battery power reaches the preset value, determine that the charging is completed and automatically stop charging.

[0066] The detection of the battery status in step S1 includes the following steps:

[0067] Step S11: Connect the storage battery, and through the battery management system, collect the real-time data of the current power, voltage, and temperature of the battery. Use the cycle counter of the battery management system to obtain the charge and discharge cycle times of the battery, and store the collected data. Connect the charging system to the storage battery through the charging interface. Use the battery management system and the interface protocol to obtain the real-time data of the battery, which is convenient for evaluating the status of the battery and adjusting the charging voltage and current of the battery;

[0068] Step S12: According to the collected power, voltage, and temperature data, judge the current status of the battery, calculate the charging voltage and current of the current battery, and combine the influence of the current battery temperature on the charging voltage and current of the battery to obtain the charging parameters matching the battery;

[0069] Step S13: According to the obtained battery charge and discharge cycle times data, judge the usage and service life of the battery, and combine the cycle life of the battery to obtain the reference charging parameters. The approximate relationship between the cycle life and the charging parameters is shown in the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] N: Actual cycle times;

[0072] N0: Reference cycle times;

[0073] V ref 、I ref : Reference voltage / current (such as 4.1V, 0.5C);

[0074] k V 、k I : Voltage / current decay exponent (usually k V ≈3 - 5, k I ≈1 - 2);

[0075] E a : Activation energy (reflecting temperature sensitivity).

[0076] The setting of the charging parameters in step S2 includes the following steps:

[0077] Step S21: Through the obtained battery status and usage data, within the current and voltage ranges supported by the battery management system, according to the battery charging parameters obtained in step S12 and step S13, and combined with the calculated charging voltage and current data, select the charging mode of the current battery and set the voltage and current of the battery charging;

[0078] Step S22: Constant current stage. Charge the battery at a set current until the voltage upper limit is reached to perform fast charging on the battery. When the battery is in a low power state, select the fast charging mode for charging and maintain a constant large current for charging.

[0079] Step S23: Constant voltage stage. Keep the voltage upper limit and gradually reduce the current to the cut-off value to perform gentle charging on the battery. When the battery is charged to the voltage upper limit, end the fast charging mode, reduce the charging current, and ensure constant voltage charging for the battery.

[0080] The real-time monitoring and adjustment in Step S3 include the following steps:

[0081] Step S31: Monitor the battery's power, voltage, and temperature during the charging process through sensors, store and process the monitored data, obtain the real-time parameters of the battery charging, and store the parameters in the microcontroller.

[0082] Step S32: Use the microcontrol unit to process the monitored data, make algorithmic decisions based on the data. The microcontrol unit analyzes and processes the monitored data, and based on the basic constant current / constant voltage charging, fast charging temperature management, and adaptive aging battery charging selection algorithm strategies, adjusts the charging parameters in real time.

[0083] Step S33: Execute the algorithm through the actuator to complete the adjustment of the charging parameters, and store the adjusted charging parameters, battery temperature, and power data, and feedback the data to the microcontrol unit. The actuator includes a buck / boost DC-DC converter, a constant current source, and a relay / MOSFET. The constant current source is, for example, a Buck topology. The relay / MOSFET is used to switch the charging stage. When the microcontrol unit receives the feedback data, it makes algorithmic decisions and executions, and selects one or more algorithms to adjust the parameters during the charging process.

[0084] The algorithmic decisions include the PID control algorithm. The PID control algorithm is the most classic closed-loop feedback control algorithm in industrial control. It adjusts the output in real time to make the system reach the target state, and adjusts the PWM duty cycle in real time according to the voltage and current errors to perform constant voltage and constant current charging; the fuzzy logic control algorithm, an intelligent control method based on human experience and language rules, is suitable for systems with nonlinearity, high uncertainty, or complex mathematical models. Different from the traditional PID control, it does not rely on an accurate mathematical model, but realizes control through fuzzification, rule reasoning, and defuzzification, and manages the battery temperature based on empirical rules to handle nonlinear relationships; the machine learning algorithm, a mathematical model that enables a computer to automatically learn patterns from data and make predictions or decisions, is used for adaptive aging battery charging.

[0085] The output formula of the PID control algorithm is:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, K p is the proportional gain, which is the instantaneous response error;

[0088] K i is the integral gain, which eliminates the steady-state error;

[0089] K d is the derivative gain, which predicts the error trend and suppresses overshoot;

[0090] u(t) represents the output quantity, e(t) represents the input quantity, t represents the time interval elapsed from the start of adjustment to the output of the current control quantity, and τ represents the error value.

[0091] The present invention provides a high-efficiency battery charging system as Figure 5 shown, which includes a power supply module, a charging control module, a battery state detection module, and a charging interface. The power supply module, the charging control module, the battery state detection module, and the charging interface are electrically connected. The power supply module is used to supply power to the charging system and provide a stable DC power supply. The charging control module dynamically adjusts the charging current and voltage according to the information provided by the battery state detection module. By analyzing and processing the monitored battery power, voltage, and temperature data through the charging control module, the battery charging mode is selected, and the battery charging parameters are adjusted in real time according to the acquired data, effectively avoiding the problems of battery overheating and overcharging, prolonging the battery service life, realizing the automatic control of the charging process, improving the charging speed and efficiency, shortening the charging time. The battery state detection module is responsible for real-time monitoring of the battery power, voltage, and temperature information. The battery state detection module uses sensors to monitor the parameter changes during the battery charging process in real time and transmits the parameters to the charging control module. The charging interface is used to connect the battery to the charging system.

[0092] The power supply module includes a filter protection unit, which is used to filter grid noise and prevent surge impact. The filter protection unit consists of an EMI filter and a surge protector. Among them, the EMI filter is used to suppress high-frequency interference, such as common-mode inductors and X / Y capacitors, and the surge protector is used to cope with lightning strikes or voltage spikes, such as varistors MOV; a rectification unit, which is connected to the filter protection module, and the rectification unit converts alternating current into direct current. The rectification unit consists of rectifier diodes and MOSFETs; a DC-DC converter, which is connected to the rectification module and is used to adjust the voltage and current to the battery requirements, such as Buck bucking, Boost boosting, and LLC resonance; a transformer, which is connected to the DC-DC converter and is used to perform step-down operations.

[0093] The charging control module includes a microcontroller, which consists of a CPU core, a memory, a peripheral interface, and a clock system. The microcontroller is connected to the power module and is used to process sensor data, execute charging algorithms, and communicate with the battery management system; a charging algorithm decision unit, which is connected to the microcontroller. After receiving the feedback charging parameter data and processing and analyzing the data, the microcontroller selects one or more algorithm strategies to adjust the charging parameters; an interface unit, where the communication interface unit is connected to the microcontroller and the charging algorithm decision unit, and the interface unit is used to connect the battery management system and the charging interface; an actuator unit, which is connected to the microcontroller. The actuator unit adjusts the charging voltage and current in real time through a buck / boost DC-DC converter, a constant current source, and a relay / MOSFET; a charging unit, which is connected to the microcontroller and the power module. The microcontroller controls the charging unit to charge the storage battery and selects a charging mode; a heating unit, which is connected to the microcontroller. The heating unit is used to heat up the battery. When the battery charging system detects a low temperature, the heating unit is first started to heat the battery to above 5°C before charging. The battery is heated by PTC or liquid heating to avoid the phenomenon of lithium precipitation in the battery; a discharging unit, which is connected to the microcontroller.

[0094] The battery status monitoring module includes a fuel gauge, which is connected to the battery and is used to monitor the battery power; a voltage detection unit, which is connected to the battery and is used to monitor the battery voltage in real time; a temperature detection unit, which is connected to the battery and is used to monitor the battery temperature in real time; a cycle counter, which is connected to the battery and is used to record the number of cycle charge and discharge times of the battery.

[0095] The working principle of the present invention: The charging system is connected to the battery through the charging interface. The battery status detection module is used to monitor the battery power, voltage, and temperature information in real time, and the monitored battery parameters are fed back to the charging control module. The charging control module determines the charging method based on the current battery power, voltage, temperature, and cycle charge times. When the battery power is low, a large charging current is used for fast charging. As the power increases, the charging current is gradually reduced, and the parameters during the battery charging process are fed back. The charging control module executes algorithm strategies to adjust the battery charging parameters in real time.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficient charging of a storage battery, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step S1: Detect the battery status. Before starting charging, first detect the current battery power, voltage, temperature status, and charge-discharge cycle count information; Step S2: Set the charging parameters. According to the battery status information, set the charging current and voltage. When the battery power is low, use a large charging current for fast charging. As the power increases, gradually reduce the charging current; Step S3: Monitor and adjust in real time. During the charging process, monitor the battery power, voltage, and temperature information in real time, and dynamically adjust the charging current and voltage according to the monitoring information: Step S4: Detect the completion of charging. When the battery power reaches the preset value, determine that the charging is completed and automatically stop charging.

2. The high-efficiency charging method for a storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, Detecting the battery status in step S1 includes the following steps: Step S11: Connect the storage battery. Through the battery management system, collect the current battery power, voltage, and temperature data in real time, use the cycle counter of the battery management system to obtain the charge-discharge cycle count of the battery, and store the collected data; Step S12: According to the collected power, voltage, and temperature data, judge the current battery status, and calculate the charging voltage and current of the current battery; Step S13: According to the obtained battery charge-discharge cycle count data, judge the usage and service life of the battery.

3. The high-efficiency charging method for a storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that Setting the charging parameters in step S2 includes the following steps: Step S21: Through the obtained battery status and usage data, within the current and voltage ranges supported by the battery management system, combined with the calculated charging voltage and current data, select the charging mode of the current battery, and set the voltage and current of battery charging; Step S22: Constant current stage. Charge the battery at the set current until the voltage upper limit is reached for fast charging; Step S23: Constant voltage stage. Keep the voltage upper limit, and the current gradually decreases to the cut-off value for gentle charging of the battery.

4. A method for efficient charging of a storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, Monitoring and adjusting in real time in step S3 includes the following steps: Step S31: Monitor the battery power, voltage, and temperature during the charging process through sensors, and store and process the monitored data; Step S32: Use the microcontroller unit to process the monitored data and make algorithm decisions based on the data; Step S33: Execute the algorithm through the actuator to complete the adjustment of the charging parameters, store the adjusted charging parameters, battery temperature, and power data, and feedback the data to the microcontroller unit.

5. The high-efficiency charging method for a storage battery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The algorithm decisions include: PID control algorithm. According to the voltage and current errors, adjust the PWM duty cycle in real time for constant voltage and constant current charging; Fuzzy logic control algorithm. Manage the battery temperature based on empirical rules to handle non-linear relationships; Machine learning algorithm. Train the model through historical data for adaptive charging of aging batteries.

6. A method for efficient charging of a storage battery according to claim 5, characterized in that The output formula of the PID control algorithm is: K in the formula p is the proportional gain, the instantaneous response error; K i is the integral gain to eliminate the steady-state error; K d is the differential gain, predicting the error trend and suppressing overshoot; u(t) represents the output quantity, e(t) represents the input quantity, t represents the time interval from the start of adjustment to the output of the current control quantity, and τ represents the error value.

7. An efficient charging system for a storage battery, characterized in that, Use an efficient battery charging method as described in claim 1, including a power supply module, a charging control module, a battery status detection module, and a charging interface. The power supply module, the charging control module, the battery status detection module, and the charging interface are electrically connected. The power supply module is used to supply power to the charging system. The charging control module dynamically adjusts the charging current and voltage according to the information provided by the battery status detection module. The battery status detection module is responsible for real-time monitoring of the battery's power, voltage, and temperature information. The charging interface is used to connect the battery to the charging system.

8. An efficient charging system for a storage battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power supply module includes: A filter protection unit, which is used to filter grid noise and prevent surge impact; A rectification unit, which is connected to the filter protection module. The rectification unit converts alternating current into direct current; A DC-DC converter, which is connected to the rectification module and is used to adjust the voltage and current to the battery's requirements; A transformer, which is connected to the DC-DC converter and is used for step-down operation.

9. An efficient battery charging system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The charging control module includes: A microcontroller, which is connected to the power supply module and is used to process sensor data, execute charging algorithms, and communicate with the battery management system; A charging algorithm decision unit, which is connected to the microcontroller; An interface unit, and the communication interface unit is connected to the microcontroller and the charging algorithm decision unit. The interface unit is used to connect the battery management system and the charging interface; An actuator unit, which is connected to the microcontroller and is used to adjust the charging voltage and current in real time; A charging unit, which is connected to the microcontroller and the power supply module; A heating unit, which is connected to the microcontroller; A discharging unit, which is connected to the microcontroller.

10. An efficient battery charging system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The battery status monitoring module includes: A fuel gauge, which is connected to the battery and is used to monitor the battery's power; A voltage detection unit, which is connected to the battery and is used to monitor the battery's voltage in real time; A temperature detection unit, which is connected to the battery and is used to monitor the battery's temperature in real time; A cycle counter, which is connected to the battery and is used to record the number of times the battery has been charged and discharged in cycles.

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