Breeding method of new cluster of down producing goats suitable for barn feeding breeding
Through the systematic breeding method of velvet goats, the cultivation problem of new velvet goats in house breeding was solved, the velvet fineness, reproduction rate and weight of velvet goats were improved, and the industrial application of tilvet goats and ecological environment governance was realized.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510650451.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-01
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, the Inner Mongolia velvet goat breeding industry relies on grassland ecological grazing and lacks new velvet goat breeding methods suitable for cottage breeding, resulting in low breeding efficiency and inability to achieve industrial upgrading.
Through breeding goals, core group establishment, genetic evaluation and matching, molecular marker assisted breeding, efficient breeding management, house feeding facilities and breeding specifications, nutrition and health management, new groups of veil goats are screened and cultivated, to improve the veil fineness, reproduction rate and weight of veil goats, optimize the breeding cycle, and improve the breeding level of veil goats.
The fineness of adult male and ewes in the husk goats with husks was achieved by ≤16μm, the ewe breeding rate was ≥180%, the weight was ≥45kg, the yield of husks was ≥1000g, the weight was ≥60kg, and the yield of husks was ≥1500g, and the comprehensive breeding benefits were improved by 15~20%, which improved the management level of house breeding and ecological environment quality.
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Figure CN120391394A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of stall-fed cashmere goats, and specifically to a method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for stall-fed breeding. Background Art
[0002] The Minggai cashmere goats in Yijinhuoluo Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are currently the only cashmere goat population in Inner Mongolia that has achieved and can adapt to full stall-fed captive breeding. Compared with other cashmere goats, they have population advantages such as high cashmere production, high lambing rate, and excellent meat quality. Currently, the average cashmere production of adult female goats is ≥1000g, the average weight is ≥45kg, and the reproduction rate is ≥180%. The fineness of the cashmere of adult male goats is about 16.5μm, the average cashmere production is ≥1500g, and the average weight is ≥60kg. They have high market competitiveness and brand awareness, and their cashmere and meat production performance reach the leading level in the country. They are the best basic flock for cultivating specialized new breeds (lines) under full stall-fed breeding conditions.
[0003] In 2022, Ordos City was awarded the title of "China's Cashmere Capital". However, the cashmere goat breeding industry, which supplies raw materials for the cashmere industry, relies on the grassland ecosystem and is mainly based on small-scale and extensive grazing breeding by farmers and herdsmen. The Inner Mongolia cashmere goat breeding industry needs to gradually transform and upgrade from traditional grazing to stall-fed breeding. A method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for stall-fed breeding is very necessary. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this part is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this part, as well as in the abstract and title of the specification of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this part, the abstract, and the title. However, such simplifications or omissions shall not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0005] In view of the above and / or problems existing in the prior art of a method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for stall-fed breeding, the present invention is proposed.
[0006] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for pen-feeding. This method includes S1 breeding target, S2 core group establishment, screening individuals within ±20% of the breeding target from the Minggai cashmere goat population to form a basic ewe flock, with the ratio of ewes to rams being 1:25 - 50 and ≥2 ewes, systematically recording lambing, cashmere production, physical appearance, and pedigree data, S3 genetic evaluation and mating, S4 molecular marker-assisted breeding, S5 efficient breeding management, S6 pen-feeding facilities and breeding specifications, and S7 nutrition and health management; through the above cultivation and efficient feeding methods for pen-fed cashmere goats, the cashmere fineness of adult male and female pen-fed cashmere goats is ≤16 μm, the reproductive rate of ewes is ≥180%, the weight is ≥45 kg, the cashmere production is ≥1000 g, the weight of rams is ≥60 kg, the cashmere production is ≥1500 g, the comprehensive breeding efficiency is increased by 15 - 20%, realizing the industrial application of creating high-quality breeding stock for pen-fed cashmere goats, improving the feeding management level of pen-feeding, and achieving high-quality industrial development of ecological environment governance.
[0007] To solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the following technical solutions are provided: A method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for pen-feeding, which includes: S1 Breeding target, ewe indicators: cashmere fineness 14.5 - 16.0 μm, standard deviation ≤1.2 μm, twin lambing rate ≥80%, ±5% fluctuation in first lambing, weight ≥45 - 55 kg, body height / chest depth ratio 0.85 - 0.95, cashmere production ≥1000 - 1200 g, cashmere content ≥85%; ram indicators: cashmere fineness 15.0 - 16.0 μm, coefficient of variation ≤8%, cashmere production ≥1500 - 1800 g, cashmere cluster length ≥7 cm, weight 60 - 85 kg, body length index ≥1.05, fresh sperm motility ≥0.7; Disease resistance: Brucella antibody negative, fecal coccidia oocyst count ≤500 / g; S2 Core group establishment, screening individuals within ±20% of the breeding target from the Minggai cashmere goat population to form a basic ewe flock, with ≥200 ewes, the ratio of ewes to rams being 1:25 - 50, and systematically recording lambing, cashmere production, physical appearance, and pedigree data; [[ID=??]]S3 Genetic evaluation and mating, breeding for reproductive traits of pen-fed cashmere goats, the best genetic evaluation models for birth weight and litter size are,; the best genetic evaluation models for cashmere fineness and cashmere production are:; Comprehensive selection index: The comprehensive breeding value is the weighted sum of the breeding values of multiple traits of an individual. The importance ratio of the traits selected for pen-fed cashmere goats is 40% for lambing rate, 20% for weight, 20% for cashmere fineness, and 20% for cashmere production, that is, I = 0.4 EBV litter size + 0.2 EBV weight + 0.2 EBV cashmere fineness + 0.2 EBV cashmere production; It should be noted that there seems to be an unclear part in the original text for item S3 where some content is missing in the "the best genetic evaluation models for birth weight and litter size are," and "the best genetic evaluation models for cashmere fineness and cashmere production are:". This has been translated as accurately as possible based on the existing text.S4 Molecular Marker-Assisted Breeding, Fiber fineness: preferentially select the dominant haplotype HapA composed of ALX4 GG type, g.18044A>G and KRT71 CT type, g.55231C>T; Reproductive performance: screen individuals carrying the BMPR1B double loci, g.29897064G>A + g.29893723C>G and GDF9 CC type, g.7321T>C, carrying at least 2 dominant alleles; S5 High-efficiency Breeding Management, lambing three times in two years: breed in May → lamb in October; breed in January of the following year → lamb in June; breed in September → lamb in February of the next year, and cycle to optimize the breeding cycle; Artificial insemination technology: use improved fresh semen diluent to improve the conception rate; S6 Drylot Facilities and Breeding Specifications, Pen design: the height of the sheep pen is 1.8 - 2.0m, use sunlight panels or thermal insulation films, equipped with a positive pressure ventilation system and atomization disinfection; Group management: group by male and female sheep and lambs, with a supporting exercise yard, rockery mounds and automatic drinking water equipment; S7 Nutrition and Health Management, Feeding plan: the proportion of roughage is 70%, feed regularly and quantitatively, supplement roughage at night, combined with driving exercise ≥5km / day to maintain feed intake; Disease prevention and control: inject vaccines and deworm regularly, use a medicated bath and a closed epidemic prevention system; As a preferred embodiment of the method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for drylot breeding described in the present invention, in S3, Y is the observation value vector of individual traits, β is the fixed effect vector, a is the additive genetic effect vector, is the maternal genetic effect vector, is the maternal permanent environmental effect vector, e is the residual effect vector, X, Z, , are the structural matrices of the fixed effect, additive genetic effect, maternal genetic effect and maternal permanent environmental effect respectively.
[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for drylot breeding described in the present invention, in S5, the improved fresh semen diluent includes: 3.00g of glucose, 1.40g of sodium citrate, 0.12g of EDTA, 1.8g of sucrose, 100,000 IU each of penicillin / streptomycin, and 10mL / 100mL of egg yolk.
[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for drylot breeding described in the present invention, in S6, the filtration efficiency of the positive pressure ventilation system is ≥95%, and the atomization disinfection is carried out with potassium monopersulfate + phage twice a week.
[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for stall-feeding according to the present invention, in step S6, the building area per sheep requires 1.5 - 2.0 m 2 for growing rams, 1.0 - 1.5 m 2 for growing ewes, 1.5 - 2.0 m 2 for adult ewes, 0.5 - 1.0 m 2 for lambs, and ≥ 3 m 2 for breeding rams; the minimum standard of the exercise area is not less than 2.5 times the area of the sheep house. Build rockeries and mounds in the sheep exercise field to facilitate the climbing and hoof grinding of cashmere goats.
[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through steps S1 breeding target, S2 core flock establishment, individuals meeting the breeding target within ±20% are screened from the Minggai cashmere goat population to form a basic ewe flock, with the ratio of ewes ≥ 2 to 1:25 - 50, and the data of lambing, cashmere production, body appearance and pedigree are systematically recorded. Steps S3 genetic evaluation and mating, S4 molecular marker-assisted breeding, S5 efficient breeding management, S6 stall-feeding facilities and breeding specifications, and S7 nutrition and health management are carried out; through the above-mentioned cultivation and efficient feeding methods for stall-fed cashmere goats, the cashmere fineness of adult male and female stall-fed cashmere goats is ≤ 16 μm, the reproductive rate of ewes ≥ 180%, the weight ≥ 45 kg, the cashmere production ≥ 1000 g, the weight of rams ≥ 60 kg, the cashmere production ≥ 1500 g, the comprehensive breeding benefit is increased by 15 - 20%, realizing the industrial application of the creation of high-quality breeding stock for stall-fed cashmere goats, improving the feeding management level of stall-feeding and the high-quality development of the industry for the treatment of the ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts. Among them:
[0013] Figure 1 It is a method diagram of the method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for stall-feeding according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0014] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.
[0015] Secondly, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the convenience of explanation, the cross-sectional views showing the device structure will be locally enlarged out of the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention herein. In addition, in actual production, three-dimensional spatial dimensions including length, width, and depth should be included.
[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0017] The present invention provides a method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for stall-feeding. This method includes S1 breeding objectives, S2 establishment of the core flock, screening individuals within ±20% of the breeding objectives from the Minggai cashmere goat population to form a basic ewe flock with the number of ewes ≥ 200 and a male-female ratio of 1:25 - 50, and systematically recording lambing, cashmere production, body appearance, and pedigree data, S3 genetic evaluation and mating, S4 molecular marker-assisted breeding, S5 efficient breeding management, S6 stall-feeding facilities and breeding specifications, and S7 nutrition and health management; through the above-mentioned cultivation and efficient feeding methods for stall-fed cashmere goats, the cashmere fineness of adult male and female stall-fed cashmere goats is ≤ 16 μm, the reproductive rate of ewes is ≥ 180%, the weight is ≥ 45 kg, the cashmere production is ≥ 1000 g, the weight of rams is ≥ 60 kg, the cashmere production is ≥ 1500 g, the comprehensive breeding efficiency is increased by 15 - 20%, realizing the industrial application of creating high-quality breeding stock for stall-fed cashmere goats, improving the feeding and management level of stall-feeding, and achieving high-quality industrial development in the governance of the ecological environment.
[0018] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for stall-feeding according to the present invention. Please refer to Figure 1 , a method for the safe utilization of lightly and moderately polluted arable land in this embodiment, the main part of which includes: S1 Breeding objectives, ewe indicators: cashmere fineness 14.5 - 16.0 μm, standard deviation ≤ 1.2 μm, twin lamb rate ≥ 80%, ±5% fluctuation at first lambing, weight ≥ 45 - 55 kg, body height / chest depth ratio 0.85 - 0.95, cashmere production ≥ 1000 - 1200 g, cashmere content ≥ 85%; ram indicators: cashmere fineness 15.0 - 16.0 μm, coefficient of variation ≤ 8%, cashmere production ≥ 1500 - 1800 g, cashmere tuft length ≥ 7 cm, weight 60 - 85 kg, body length index ≥ 1.05, fresh semen motility ≥ 0.7; disease resistance: Brucella antibody negative, fecal coccidian oocyst count ≤ 500 / g; S2 Establishment of the core flock, screening individuals within ±20% of the breeding objectives from the Minggai cashmere goat population to form a basic ewe flock with the number of ewes ≥ 200 and a male-female ratio of 1:25 - 50, and systematically recording lambing, cashmere production, body appearance, and pedigree data; S3 Genetic evaluation and mating selection. For the breeding of reproductive traits of confined cashmere goats, the best genetic evaluation models for birth weight and litter size are; the best genetic evaluation models for cashmere fineness and cashmere production are:; Comprehensive selection index: The comprehensive breeding value is the weighted sum of the breeding values of multiple traits of an individual. The importance ratios of the traits selected for confined cashmere goats are 40% for litter size, 20% for body weight, 20% for cashmere fineness, and 20% for cashmere production, i.e., I = 0.4 EBV litter size+0.2 EBV body weight+0.2 EBV cashmere fineness+0.2 EBV cashmere production; S4 Molecular marker-assisted breeding. Cashmere fineness: Priority should be given to selecting the dominant haplotype HapA composed of ALX4 GG type, g.18044A>G and KRT71 CT type, g.55231C>T; Fertility: Screen individuals carrying the double loci of BMPR1B, g.29897064G>A + g.29893723C>G and GDF9 CC type, g.7321T>C, and at least carry 2 dominant alleles; S5 Efficient breeding management. Three litters in two years: Breed in May → Give birth in October; Breed in January of the following year → Give birth in June; Breed in September → Give birth in February of the next year, and cycle to optimize the breeding cycle; Artificial insemination technology: Use improved fresh semen diluent to increase the conception rate; S6 Confined facilities and breeding specifications. Pen design: The height of the sheep pen is 1.8 - 2.0 m, using sunlight panels or thermal insulation films, equipped with a positive pressure ventilation system and atomization disinfection; Group management: Group by male and female sheep and lambs, and equip with a sports ground, rockery mounds and automatic drinking water equipment; S7 Nutrition and health management. Feeding plan: The proportion of roughage is 70%, feed regularly and quantitatively, supplement roughage at night, and combine with driving exercise ≥5 km / day to maintain feed intake; Disease prevention and control: Inject vaccines and deworm regularly, and use a medicine bath and a closed epidemic prevention system.
[0019] Furthermore, in S3, Y is the vector of observed values of individual traits, β is the vector of fixed effects, a is the vector of additive genetic effects, is the vector of maternal genetic effects, is the vector of maternal permanent environmental effects, e is the vector of residual effects, X, Z, , are the structural matrices of fixed effects, additive genetic effects, maternal genetic effects and maternal permanent environmental effects respectively; Furthermore, in S5, the improved fresh semen diluent includes: 3.00 g of glucose, 1.40 g of sodium citrate, 0.12 g of EDTA, 1.8 g of sucrose, 100,000 IU each of penicillin / streptomycin, and 10 mL / 100 mL of egg yolk; Furthermore, in S6, the filtration efficiency of the positive pressure ventilation system is ≥95%, and atomization disinfection is carried out 2 times a week with potassium monopersulfate + phage disinfection; Further, in S6, the floor area per sheep requires 1.5 - 2.0 m2 for growing rams, 1.0 - 1.5 m2 for growing ewes, 1.5 - 2.0 m2 for adult ewes, 0.5 - 1.0 m2 for lambs, and ≥3 m2 for breeding rams; the minimum standard of the exercise ground is not less than 2.5 times the area of the sheep house. Build rockeries and mounds in the sheep exercise ground to facilitate the climbing and hoof grinding of cashmere goats; Combined with Figure 1 , a method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for stall-feeding in this embodiment is as follows: In the specific use process, this method screens individuals that meet the breeding goals ±20% from the Minggai cashmere goat population through S1 breeding goals and S2 core herd establishment, and forms a basic ewe herd with a ratio of ewe to ram of 1:25 - 50. Systematically record lambing, cashmere production, physical appearance, and pedigree data, S3 genetic evaluation and mating, S4 molecular marker-assisted breeding, S5 efficient breeding management, S6 stall-feeding facilities and breeding specifications, and S7 nutrition and health management; Through the above cultivation and efficient feeding methods of stall-fed cashmere goats, the cashmere fineness of adult male and female stall-fed cashmere goats is ≤16 μm, the reproductive rate of ewes is ≥180%, the weight is ≥45 kg, the cashmere production is ≥1000 g, the weight of rams is ≥60 kg, the cashmere production is ≥1500 g, and the comprehensive breeding efficiency is increased by 15 - 20%. The industrial application of creating high-quality breeding sheep for stall-fed cashmere goats, the improvement of the feeding management level of stall-feeding, and the high-quality development of the industry for ecological environment governance are realized.
[0020] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments, various improvements can be made to it and components can be replaced with effective substances without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various features in the embodiments disclosed in the present invention can be combined with each other in any way. The reason for not exhaustively describing the situations of these combinations in this specification is only to save space and resources. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the text, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A method for cultivating a new group of cashmere goats suitable for stall-feeding, characterized in that, Including: S1 Breeding objectives, ewe indicators: down fineness 14.5 - 16.0μm, standard deviation ≤ 1.2μm, twin lambing rate ≥ 80%, ± 5% fluctuation for first lambing, body weight ≥ 45 - 55kg, body height / depth of chest ratio 0.85 - 0.95, down production ≥ 1000 - 1200g, down content ≥ 85%; ram indicators: down fineness 15.0 - 16.0μm, coefficient of variation ≤ 8%, down production ≥ 1500 - 1800g, down bunch length ≥ 7cm, body weight 60 - 85kg, body length index ≥ 1.05, fresh semen motility ≥ 0.7; Disease resistance: Brucella antibody negative, fecal coccidian oocyst count ≤ 500 / g; S2 Establishment of the core flock, screening individuals within ± 20% of the breeding objectives from the Minggai cashmere goat population to form a basic ewe flock with ≥ 200 ewes, the ratio of rams to ewes being 1:25 - 50, and systematically recording lambing, down production, physical appearance, and pedigree data; S3 Genetic evaluation and mating, breeding for reproductive traits of stall-fed cashmere goats, the best models for genetic evaluation of birth weight and lambing number are; the best models for genetic evaluation of down fineness and down production are:; Comprehensive selection index: The composite breeding value is the weighted sum of the breeding values of multiple traits of an individual. The importance ratio of traits in the breeding of stall-fed cashmere goats is 40% for lambing rate, 20% for body weight, 20% for down fineness, and 20% for down production, i.e., I = 0.4EBV lambing number + 0.2EBV body weight + 0.2EBV down fineness + 0.2EBV down production; S4 Molecular marker-assisted breeding, down fineness: preferentially select the dominant haplotype HapA composed of ALX4 GG type, g.18044A>G and KRT71 CT type, g.55231C>T; fecundity: screen individuals carrying the double loci of BMPR1B, g.29897064G>A + g.29893723C>G and GDF9 CC type, g.7321T>C, and carry at least 2 dominant alleles; S5 High-efficiency breeding management, three lambings in two years: mating in May → lambing in October; mating in January of the following year → lambing in June; mating in September → lambing in February of the next year, and cyclically optimizing the breeding cycle; Artificial insemination technology: use improved fresh semen diluent to improve the conception rate; S6 Stall-feeding facilities and breeding specifications, pen design: the height of the sheep pen is 1.8 - 2.0m, using sunlight panels or thermal insulation films, equipped with a positive pressure ventilation system and atomization disinfection; Group management: divide into groups according to rams, ewes, and lambs, and equip with a sports ground, rockery mounds, and automatic drinking equipment; S7 Nutrition and health management, feeding plan: the proportion of roughage is 70%, feeding regularly and quantitatively, supplementing roughage at night, combined with driving exercise ≥ 5km / day to maintain feed intake; Disease prevention and control: regularly inject vaccines and deworm, using a medicated bath and a closed epidemic prevention system.
2. The cultivation method of a new group of cashmere goats suitable for drylot feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, Y is the observation value vector of individual traits, β is the fixed effect vector, a is the additive genetic effect vector, is the maternal genetic effect vector, is the maternal permanent environmental effect vector, e is the residual effect vector, X, Z, , are the structural matrices of fixed effect, additive genetic effect, maternal genetic effect and maternal permanent environmental effect respectively.
3. The cultivation method of a new group of cashmere goats suitable for drylot feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that In S5, the improved fresh semen diluent includes: 3.00g of glucose, 1.40g of sodium citrate, 0.12g of EDTA, 1.8g of sucrose, 100,000 IU each of penicillin / streptomycin, and 10mL / 100mL of egg yolk.
4. The cultivation method of a new group of cashmere goats suitable for pen-feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, the filtration efficiency of the positive pressure ventilation system ≥ 95%, and the atomization disinfection is carried out with potassium monopersulfate + phage twice a week.
5. The cultivation method of a new group of cashmere goats suitable for stall-feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, the floor area per sheep requires 1.5 - 2.0 m for growing rams 2 , 1.0 - 1.5 m for growing ewes 2 , 1.5 - 2.0 m for adult ewes 2 , 0.5 - 1.0 m for lambs 2 , and ≥ 3 m for breeding rams 2 ; The minimum standard for the exercise ground is not less than 2.5 times the area of the sheep house. Build rockeries and mounds in the sheep exercise ground to facilitate the climbing and hoof grinding of cashmere goats.