Biomass raw material synthesis gas generation equipment and synthesis gas generation method

Abstract

The invention relates to a biomass conversion technology, in particular to equipment for generating synthesis gas from a biomass raw material and a synthesis gas generation method. The equipment for generating the synthesis gas from the biomass raw materials comprises a feeding unit, an incineration unit and a slag treatment unit, the feeding unit comprises a feeding mechanism and a feeding mechanism, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding frame and a feeding platform, one end of the upper portion of the feeding frame is provided with an opening, and the lower portion of the opening is connected with the feeding platform horizontally extending outwards; the incineration unit is arranged at the downstream of the feeding unit and comprises a combustion chamber and an incineration fire grate located in the combustion chamber, and the upper end of the incineration fire grate is in lap joint with the feeding platform; a water-cooling heat insulation structure is arranged on the combustion chamber part corresponding to the upper part of the feeding platform, and a material plug area is formed in the vertical direction between the water-cooling heat insulation structure and the feeding platform; and the slag treatment unit is provided with a slag falling well and a water-sealed tank for sealing the lower part of the slag falling well. By means of the optimized feeding system and incineration system, efficient conveying and uniform combustion of biomass raw materials are achieved, and the generation efficiency of synthesis gas is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of green chemical engineering, specifically relates to biomass conversion technology, and particularly to an apparatus for generating synthesis gas from biomass raw materials and a method for generating synthesis gas. Background Art

[0002] Biomass - to - methanol is a technology that converts renewable biomass resources into methanol, which has the potential to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower carbon emissions. Biomass includes organic materials such as wood, crop residues, and algae, which are widely sourced and renewable. The main technical routes for biomass - to - methanol include: gasification - synthesis route: Biomass is gasified to produce synthesis gas (CO and H2), and then methanol is synthesized through catalytic reactions. Pyrolysis - synthesis route: Biomass is pyrolyzed to produce bio - oil, which is further gasified or reformed into synthesis gas and then synthesized into methanol. Biochemical route: Biomass is converted into methanol through microorganisms or enzymes.

[0003] There are relatively few domestic cases of biomass - to - methanol. Individual projects use circulating fluidized bed incineration to process biomass, but the circulating fluidized bed feeding system has many technical drawbacks. The relevant existing circulating fluidized bed system technology is achieved through multiple processes such as coarse crushing, drying, iron removal, screening, air separation, and fine crushing. It has the disadvantages of numerous and complex processes, many failure points, high energy consumption, etc. These disadvantages result in a large floor area, high investment, easy shutdown due to failures, and poor overall efficiency of the incinerator.

[0004] The domestic municipal solid waste incineration power generation industry has developed for many years and has mature technology. Its system can be used as a design reference for biomass - to - methanol, but there are also many inappropriacies. The relevant existing municipal solid waste incinerator system is achieved through hoppers, chutes, and feeding grates; it has disadvantages such as poor anti - flashback ability, poor adaptability to biomass materials with low conveying density, and low component life under high - temperature environments (or other harsh working conditions). These disadvantages lead to easy flashback, easy material stacking and jamming, easy damage to components, and thus relatively large energy losses during gasification and synthesis processes and low overall efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: To solve the problems in the above - mentioned background art that using circulating fluidized bed incineration to process biomass has a large floor area, high investment, easy shutdown due to failures, and poor overall efficiency of the incinerator, and that using the municipal solid waste incinerator system for biomass - to - methanol has relatively large energy losses during gasification and synthesis processes and low overall efficiency. The present invention provides an apparatus for generating synthesis gas from biomass raw materials. Through an optimized feeding system and incineration system, efficient transportation and uniform combustion of biomass raw materials are achieved, and the generation efficiency of synthesis gas is improved.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a biomass raw material to syngas device, including: A feeding unit, which includes a feeding mechanism and a feeding mechanism. The feeding mechanism includes a feeding rack. The upper part of the feeding rack is provided with a feeding channel. One end of the feeding channel is open. A feeding platform extending horizontally outward is connected to the feeding rack below the opening. An incineration unit, which is arranged downstream of the feeding unit, includes a combustion chamber and an incineration grate located in the combustion chamber. The upper end of the incineration grate is lapped with the feeding platform, and the incineration grate has a number of water-cooled grate plates; a water-cooled heat insulation structure is provided in the part of the combustion chamber corresponding to the upper part of the feeding platform. An inlet is formed horizontally between the water-cooled heat insulation structure and the feeding rack. The feeding mechanism is arranged on the inlet. A plug area is formed vertically between the water-cooled heat insulation structure and the feeding platform; A slag treatment unit, which is arranged at the slag outlet at the lower end of the combustion chamber, and has a slag dropping well and a water seal tank for sealing the lower part of the slag dropping well.

[0007] Through structures such as the feeding rack, the feeding platform, and the feeding channel, a stable conveying path is provided for the biomass raw material, ensuring that the raw material can smoothly enter the incineration unit, effectively preventing the raw material from being blocked or scattered during the conveying process, and improving the reliability and stability of feeding. The combination of the combustion chamber and the incineration grate, and the incineration grate has water-cooled grate plates, which can effectively reduce the loss of the grate in a high-temperature environment and extend the service life of the grate. At the same time, the plug area between the water-cooled heat insulation structure and the feeding platform isolates the air flow between the incineration furnace and the feeding system, prevents backfire, and improves the combustion efficiency.

[0008] The setting of the slag dropping well and the water seal tank can effectively collect and store the residues after combustion, preventing the residues from polluting the environment. The water seal tank can also play a sealing role, avoiding the escape of harmful gases from the slag dropping well. At the same time, controlling the water temperature can ensure the normal operation of the water seal tank, preventing the water from evaporating too fast due to too high water temperature or affecting the water seal effect due to too low water temperature.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feeding mechanism further includes a feeding base, a feeding ash hopper, and a feeding trolley. The feeding ash hopper is connected below the feeding rack. The feeding rack and the feeding base are connected to form an integral structure. The feeding trolley is located in the feeding channel.

[0010] The setting of the feeding base and the feeding ash hopper provides a temporary storage space for the slag, which can ensure the continuity of the feeding process. The feeding trolley is located in the feeding channel. By the push of the feeding oil cylinder, the biomass raw material on the feeding platform can be accurately pushed onto the combustion grate, improving the accuracy and automation of feeding.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a support frame and a feeding oil cylinder are provided in the feeding channel. A support roller is installed on the support frame. The feeding oil cylinder is installed at one end of the feeding channel far from the opening, and the end of its piston rod is connected to a feeding trolley, which is arranged on the support roller.

[0012] The setting of the support frame and the support roller provides a stable support and a sliding track for the feeding trolley, ensuring that the feeding trolley can move smoothly during the feeding process. The piston rod of the feeding oil cylinder is connected to the feeding trolley. By controlling the action of the feeding oil cylinder, the moving speed and stroke of the feeding trolley can be accurately controlled, so as to achieve accurate control of the feeding amount of biomass raw materials, improving the automation level and operation efficiency of the entire equipment.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding chute and a transition chute. The transition chute is connected to the feeding port, and the feeding chute is connected above it. A transition flap valve is provided between the feeding chute and the transition chute, and a feeding flap valve is provided at the top of the feeding chute.

[0014] The setting of the feeding chute and the transition chute provides a smooth conveying channel for biomass raw materials, enabling the raw materials to smoothly enter the feeding platform from the feeding port. The setting of the transition flap valve and the feeding flap valve can effectively control the feeding amount and feeding time of the raw materials, prevent the raw materials from being blocked or overfed during the conveying process, improve the controllability and stability of feeding, and effectively isolate the mixing of outside air and the air in the combustion chamber, so that the oxygen content in the combustion chamber is within a stable and controllable range.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the water-cooled grate bars include fixed grate bars and sliding grate bars arranged at intervals. The angles between the fixed grate bars and the sliding grate bars and the horizontal plane are both 15°. The connection line of the uppermost parts of all the sliding grate bars forms an angle of 13° with the horizontal plane.

[0016] The angles between the fixed grate bars and the sliding grate bars and the horizontal plane are both 15°, which can make the biomass raw materials better distributed and slide on the grate, facilitating the uniform combustion of the raw materials. The connection line of the uppermost parts of all the sliding grate bars forms an angle of 13° with the horizontal plane, which can further optimize the movement track of the grate, enabling the raw materials to be better pushed downward and tumbled during the combustion process, improving the combustion efficiency and combustion effect, and reducing energy consumption.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, one end of the sliding grate bar is movably connected to the upper part of the sliding frame. The sliding frame is inclined and located on the support wheel. One end of a pull rod is connected to the sliding frame, and the other end of the pull rod is connected to the driving shaft.

[0018] One end of the sliding grate bar is movably connected to the upper part of the sliding frame. The sliding frame is inclined and located on the supporting wheels, which can make the sliding grate bar more flexible and stable during the movement. The setting of the pull rod and the driving shaft can achieve precise control of the movement of the sliding grate bar. By controlling the rotation of the driving shaft, the movement speed and the single movement stroke of the sliding grate bar can be adjusted, so as to better adjust the combustion condition (adjustment with high precision and as low hysteresis as possible), improve the combustion efficiency and combustion stability.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a cooling circulation unit. The cooling circulation unit has a radiator, a circulation pump, a circulation water tank, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. The inlet of the circulation water tank is connected to the inlet pipe, and its outlet is connected to the radiator through a pipeline. A circulation pump is connected to this pipeline. The outlet of the radiator is connected to the outlet pipe, and the outlet pipe is connected to the inlets of the water-cooled grate bar and the water-cooled heat insulation structure. The outlets of the water-cooled grate bar and the water-cooled heat insulation structure are connected to the inlet pipe.

[0020] The setting of the cooling circulation unit can effectively reduce the influence of the high temperature generated during the combustion process on the equipment and protect the normal operation of the equipment. The combination of components such as the radiator, the circulation pump, and the circulation water tank can realize the recycling of cooling water, improve the cooling efficiency and the utilization rate of water resources. By controlling the flow of the cooling water, the heat generated by combustion can be taken away, the temperatures of the material plug area and the incineration grate area can be reduced, the equipment can be prevented from being damaged due to high temperature, and the service life of the equipment can be prolonged.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the combustion chamber includes a furnace chamber and an L-shaped flue located above the furnace chamber. A plurality of temperature sensors are provided in both the furnace chamber and the L-shaped flue, and a gas sampling port is provided on the L-shaped flue.

[0022] The settings of the furnace chamber and the L-shaped flue can effectively organize the flow of the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion, enable the flue gas to be fully mixed and react in the equipment, and improve the generation efficiency and quality of syngas. The setting of the temperature sensors can monitor the temperature changes in the furnace chamber and the L-shaped flue in real time, providing accurate data support for the operation control of the equipment. The setting of the gas sampling port can conveniently collect the syngas generated by combustion, so as to analyze and control the composition and concentration of the syngas to ensure that the quality of the syngas meets the requirements.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a air distribution unit. The air distribution unit includes an oxygen generator, a primary air blower, a secondary air blower and an outlet blower. The outlet of the oxygen generator is connected to the primary air pipe. A primary air blower is provided on the primary air pipe. The primary air pipe is connected to the incineration grate. A secondary air pipe is provided at the connection between the furnace chamber and the L-shaped flue. A secondary air blower is connected to the secondary air pipe. The outlet blower is arranged at the outlet of the L-shaped flue.

[0024] The settings of the oxygen generator, primary air blower, secondary air blower and outlet blower can provide sufficient oxygen and air for the combustion process, meeting the needs of biomass raw material combustion. By controlling the air volume of the primary air blower and secondary air blower, the oxygen supply during the combustion process can be adjusted, thereby controlling the combustion rate and the production amount of syngas. The setting of the outlet blower can discharge the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion from the equipment, and at the same time, it can also adjust the pressure inside the equipment to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. The design of this air distribution unit can achieve precise control of the combustion process, improving the combustion efficiency and the quality of syngas.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for generating syngas from biomass raw materials in the above scheme, including the following technological steps: Feeding: The biomass raw materials are conveyed to the feeding chute by a grab bucket or a belt. The upper computer controls the feeding flap valve to open, and the biomass raw materials enter the feeding chute. According to the concentration collected by the gas sampling port, if the syngas concentration is less than 15%, the upper computer controls the transition flap valve to open, and the biomass raw materials enter the transition chute and fall onto the feeding platform through the feeding port; Feeding: The upper computer controls the feeding oil cylinder to act, pushing the feeding trolley towards the opening of the feeding channel, and pushing the biomass raw materials on the feeding platform towards the combustion grate. The stroke of the feeding oil cylinder is to ensure the existence of the plug area. If the gas temperature in the plug area is greater than 300 °C, the upper computer controls the circulation pump to pump the water in the circulation water tank to the radiator for heat dissipation, and then flows through the outlet pipe to the water-cooled heat insulation structure, adjusting the flow rate to the maximum until the gas temperature in the plug area reaches 200 °C. After reaching this set temperature, the flow rate is adjusted to the normal value, and the water temperature of the water-cooled heat insulation structure after cooling is controlled at 30 - 50 °C; Incineration: The biomass raw materials enter the water-cooled grate bars above the combustion grate. The upper computer controls the movement speed of the sliding grate bars at 0.03 - 0.05 m / min and the single movement stroke at 0.1 - 0.3 m to control the combustion conditions in the combustion grate area. If the gas temperature in the combustion chamber area is greater than 900 °C, the upper computer controls the circulation pump to pump the water in the circulation water tank to the radiator for heat dissipation, and then flows through the outlet pipe into the water-cooled grate bars, adjusting the flow rate to the maximum until the gas temperature in the combustion chamber area reaches 600 °C. After reaching this set temperature, the flow rate is adjusted to the normal value, and the outlet water temperature of the water-cooled grate bars is controlled at 40 - 60 °C. While generating syngas by combustion, the upper computer collects the gas components at the gas sampling port and controls the air distribution of the oxygen generator, primary air blower, secondary air blower and outlet blower to meet the syngas concentration at 15% - 25%, and the gas sampling frequency is once every 2 minutes; Slag discharging: The residues after the combustion of biomass materials fall into the slag well along the furnace chamber at a rate of 0.2 - 0.5 tons per hour, and are water-sealed and stored by the water seal tank. The water level height of the water seal tank is 0.5 - 1 m, and the water temperature of the water seal tank is 30 °C - 50 °C.

[0026] The biomass raw materials are conveyed to the feed chute by a grab bucket or a belt. By using the host computer to control the opening and closing of the feed flap valve and the transition flap valve, the accurate control of the feeding amount of the biomass raw materials can be achieved, preventing blockage or overfeeding of the raw materials during the feeding process, and improving the stability and reliability of feeding.

[0027] The host computer controls the action of the feeding oil cylinder, pushing the feeding trolley to push the biomass raw materials towards the combustion grate. At the same time, by controlling the circulation of cooling water according to the temperature in the plug area, it can ensure that the biomass raw materials are evenly distributed on the combustion grate during the feeding process, and can timely cool the plug area to prevent damage to the equipment caused by high temperature, improving the feeding efficiency and the operation stability of the equipment.

[0028] By controlling the movement speed and the single movement stroke of the sliding grate bars, the accurate control of the combustion conditions in the incineration grate area can be achieved, enabling the biomass raw materials to burn under the optimal combustion conditions, improving the combustion efficiency and the generation amount of syngas. At the same time, by controlling the circulation of cooling water according to the temperature in the incineration grate area, the impact of the high temperature generated during the combustion process on the equipment can be effectively reduced, extending the service life of the equipment. In addition, by collecting the gas components at the gas sampling port and controlling the operation of the air distribution unit, the concentration of syngas can be ensured to be within a suitable range, improving the quality and stability of syngas.

[0029] The residues after the combustion of the biomass materials fall into the slag well along the furnace chamber and are water-sealed and stored by the water-sealing tank, which can effectively collect and store the residues after combustion, preventing the residues from polluting the environment; at the same time, by controlling the water level height and water temperature of the water-sealing tank, the normal operation of the water-sealing tank can be ensured, preventing harmful gases from escaping from the slag well and improving the environmental protection performance of the equipment.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) Through the optimized feeding system and incineration system, the efficient transportation and uniform combustion of biomass raw materials are realized, improving the generation efficiency of syngas; (2) The cooling circulation unit and the water-cooling design effectively protect the equipment, extend the service life of the equipment, and reduce the maintenance cost; (3) The precise combustion control and the air distribution unit design ensure that the concentration and composition of syngas are within a suitable range, improving the quality and stability of syngas; the real-time monitoring of the gas sampling port and the temperature sensor provides data support for the optimization of the combustion process.

[0031] (4) The design of the slag treatment unit effectively prevents the pollution of the environment by the combustion residues and improves the environmental protection performance of the equipment; the sealing design of the water-sealing tank and the reasonable control of the water level and water temperature further optimize the environmental protection effect; (5) By controlling the actions and operations of each component through the host computer, the automated operation of the entire syngas generation process is achieved, improving production efficiency and operation stability; the setting of the real-time monitoring and control system ensures that the equipment operates under the best working conditions and reduces the need for manual intervention.

[0032] (6) The biomass raw material to syngas equipment of the present invention realizes an efficient, stable and environmentally friendly syngas production process through an efficient and stable feeding unit, an optimized incineration unit, an efficient cooling circulation unit and precise combustion control, not only improving production efficiency and syngas quality, but also significantly reducing the operation and maintenance costs of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a sectional view of the feeding mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 It is Figure 2 The top view of the feeding trolley in it.

[0037] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 The sectional view in the A-A direction.

[0038] Figure 5 It is a sectional view of the incinerator grate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 The top view of

[0040] Figure 7 It is Figure 6 The sectional view in the B-B direction.

[0041] Figure 8 It is Figure 5 The structural schematic diagram of the sliding grate bar in it.

[0042] Figure 9 It is Figure 8 The structural schematic diagram in the C direction.

[0043] Figure 10 It is Figure 5 The action process diagram of the water-cooled grate bar in it.

[0044] Figure 11 It is the flow chart of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0045] In the figure: 100, feeding mechanism; 200, feeding-in mechanism; 300, combustion chamber; 400, incineration grate; 1, furnace; 2, L-shaped flue; 3, gas sampling port; 4, slag well; 5, water seal tank; 6, radiator; 7, circulation pump; 8, circulation water tank; 9, water inlet pipe; 10, water outlet pipe; 11, water-cooled grate plate; 111, fixed grate plate; 112, sliding grate plate; 113, sliding frame; 114, support wheel; 115, pull rod; 116, drive shaft; 12, water-cooled heat insulation structure; 14, oxygen generator; 15, primary air blower; 16, secondary air blower; 17, outlet blower; 18, primary air duct; 19, secondary air duct; 20, feeding rack; 201, feeding channel; 202, inspection door; 21, feeding platform; 22, feeding base; 23, feeding ash hopper; 24, feeding trolley; 26, support frame; 27, feeding oil cylinder; 28, support roller; 29, feeding chute; 30, transition chute; 31, transition flap valve; 32, feeding-in flap valve. Detailed implementation mode

[0046] Now, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, only showing the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic way, so they only show the components related to the present invention.

[0047] As Figure 1 shown, a device for generating synthesis gas from biomass raw materials includes a feeding unit, an incineration unit, a slag treatment unit, a cooling and circulation unit, and an air distribution unit. Among them, the feeding unit includes a feeding mechanism 100 and a feeding-in mechanism 200 to ensure that the biomass raw materials can continuously and stably enter the incineration unit. The incineration unit is arranged downstream of the feeding unit and is the core part of the device, responsible for incinerating the biomass raw materials at high temperature to generate synthesis gas. Specifically, the incineration unit includes a combustion chamber 300 and an incineration grate 400 located in the combustion chamber 300. The combustion chamber 300 includes a furnace 1 and an L-shaped flue 2 located above the furnace 1. A plurality of temperature sensors (not shown in the figure) are provided in both the furnace 1 and the L-shaped flue 2, and a gas sampling port 3 is provided on the L-shaped flue 2. The furnace 1 is used for incinerating the raw materials, and the L-shaped flue 2 is used for guiding the flue gas flow. The incineration grate 400 is used for supporting and burning the biomass raw materials. The L-shaped flue 2 helps the full flow of the flue gas and the effective utilization of heat. The setting of the temperature sensors can monitor the combustion temperature in real time to ensure that the incineration process is carried out within the optimal temperature range, avoiding overheating or incomplete combustion.

[0048] The slag handling unit is arranged at the slag discharge port at the lower end of the combustion chamber 300, and has a slag drop well 4 and a water seal tank 5 that seals the lower part of the slag drop well 4. The slag drop well 4 is used to collect ash and slag, and the water seal tank 5 is used to seal the lower part of the slag drop well 4 to prevent gas leakage. The slag handling unit ensures the safe handling and discharge of ash and slag, and avoids environmental pollution caused by ash and slag. The sealing of the water seal tank 5 prevents the leakage of harmful gases and improves the safety of the equipment.

[0049] The cooling circulation unit includes a radiator 6, a circulation pump 7, a circulation water tank 8, a water inlet pipe 9 and a water outlet pipe 10. The inlet of the circulation water tank 8 is connected to the water inlet pipe 9, and its outlet is connected to the radiator 6 through a pipeline. A circulation pump 7 is connected to this pipeline. The outlet of the radiator 6 is connected to the water outlet pipe 10, and the water outlet pipe 10 is connected to the water-cooled grate bars 11 of the incinerator grate 400 and the inlet of the water-cooled heat insulation structure 12. The outlets of the water-cooled grate bars 11 and the water-cooled heat insulation structure 12 are connected to the water inlet pipe 9. The cooling water circulates in the system through the circulation pump 7, dissipates heat through the radiator 6 after absorbing heat, and then returns to the circulation water tank 8. The cooling circulation unit ensures the stability of the equipment during high-temperature operation and prevents the equipment from being damaged due to overheating. Through the cooling of the circulating water, the equipment can operate stably for a long time, improving the durability and reliability of the equipment.

[0050] The air distribution unit includes an oxygen generator 14, a primary air blower 15, a secondary air blower 16 and an outlet air blower 17. The outlet of the oxygen generator 14 is connected to the primary air duct 18. A primary air blower 15 is provided on the primary air duct 18. The primary air duct 18 is connected to the incinerator grate 400. A secondary air duct 19 is provided at the connection between the furnace chamber 1 and the L-shaped flue 2. A secondary air blower 16 is connected to the secondary air duct 19. The outlet air blower 17 is arranged at the outlet of the L-shaped flue 2. The primary air blower 15 sends oxygen into the incinerator grate 400 through the primary air duct 18, the secondary air blower 16 sends oxygen into the connection between the furnace chamber 1 and the L-shaped flue 2 through the secondary air duct 19, and the outlet air blower 17 is used to discharge the flue gas. The air distribution unit ensures the sufficient supply of oxygen during the incineration process, promotes the full combustion of the biomass raw materials, and improves the yield and quality of the syngas. By precisely controlling the air volume, the equipment can achieve efficient combustion and reduce the emission of harmful gases.

[0051] As Figure 2As shown, the feeding mechanism 100 includes a feeding frame 20, a feeding platform 21, a feeding base 22, a feeding hopper 23 and a feeding trolley 24. The upper part of the feeding frame 20 is provided with a feeding channel 201. One end of the feeding channel 201 is open. A horizontally extending outward feeding platform 21 is connected to the feeding frame 20 below the opening. The feeding hopper 23 is connected below the feeding frame 20. The feeding frame 20 and the feeding base 22 are connected to form an integral structure. The feeding trolley 24 is located in the feeding channel 201. The integral feeding mechanism 100 is not assembled on-site and is directly hoisted into place. An inspection opening is provided at one end of the feeding channel 201 away from the opening on the feeding frame 20, and an inspection door 202 is installed on the inspection opening.

[0052] The feeding platform 21 extends horizontally outward and is used to support and guide the transportation of biomass raw materials. The feeding hopper 23 is used to collect possible dust or fine particles to prevent them from scattering into the environment. Through the movement of the feeding trolley 24, the raw materials can enter the incineration unit evenly and continuously. The feeding base 22 and the feeding frame 20 are connected to form an integral structure to ensure the stability and firmness of the feeding mechanism 100. The integral structure simplifies the on-site installation process and reduces the time and labor costs of on-site assembly. After the equipment arrives at the site, only hoisting and simple connection are required to put it into use, shortening the project duration. Since the assembly is completed in the factory, the accuracy and quality of the equipment are better controlled, reducing the errors and problems that may be brought about by on-site assembly and improving the reliability of the equipment. The integral structure makes the equipment more stable during transportation and reduces the risk of damage that may occur during transportation. Quick maintenance and repair through the inspection opening can significantly reduce the downtime of the equipment, improve the operating efficiency and production continuity of the equipment. Regular maintenance and inspection can timely discover and solve potential problems in the operation of the equipment, avoid damage to the equipment due to long-term wear or failure, and thus extend the service life of the equipment.

[0053] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a support frame 26 and a feeding oil cylinder 27 are provided in the feeding channel 201. A support roller 28 is installed on the support frame 26. The feeding oil cylinder 27 is installed at one end of the feeding channel 201 away from the opening, and the end of its piston rod is connected to the feeding trolley 24. The feeding trolley 24 is arranged on the support roller 28.

[0054] The supporting roller 28 is used to support the feeding trolley 24, enabling it to move smoothly within the feeding channel 201. This reduces the frictional force during the movement of the feeding trolley 24, making the operation smoother, avoiding jamming or vibration, and ensuring the continuity of biomass raw material transportation. The roller support method reduces the direct contact between the feeding trolley 24 and the feeding channel 201, reduces wear, and extends the service life of the equipment. The feeding oil cylinder 27 drives the piston rod through hydraulic power, driving the feeding trolley 24 to reciprocate on the supporting roller 28 to achieve the transportation of raw materials. Precise control is achieved through the hydraulic system, and the moving speed and stroke of the feeding trolley 24 can be adjusted according to the requirements of the incineration unit, ensuring the accuracy and stability of raw material transportation. The support frame 26, the supporting roller 28, the feeding oil cylinder 27, and the feeding trolley 24 work together to achieve the efficient and stable transportation of biomass raw materials from the feeding channel 201 to the incineration unit, improving the overall operating efficiency of the equipment.

[0055] As Figure 1 shown, the upper end of the incinerator grate 400 is lapped with the feeding platform 21. A water-cooled heat insulation structure 12 is provided in the part of the combustion chamber 300 corresponding to the upper part of the feeding platform 21. An inlet is formed horizontally between the water-cooled heat insulation structure 12 and the feeding frame 20. A feeding mechanism 200 is arranged at the inlet. A plug area is formed vertically between the water-cooled heat insulation structure 12 and the feeding platform 21. Specifically, the feeding mechanism 200 includes a feeding chute 29 and a transition chute 30. The transition chute 30 is connected to the inlet, and the feeding chute 29 is connected above it. A transition flap valve 31 is arranged between the feeding chute 29 and the transition chute 30, and a feeding flap valve 32 is arranged at the top of the feeding chute 29.

[0056] As Figures 5 to 9 shown, the water-cooled grate bars 11 include fixed grate bars 111 and sliding grate bars 112 arranged at intervals. The angles between the fixed grate bars 111 and the sliding grate bars 112 and the horizontal plane are both 15°. The connection line of the uppermost parts of all the sliding grate bars 112 forms an angle of 13° with the horizontal plane. One end of the sliding grate bar 112 is movably connected to the upper part of the sliding frame 113. The sliding frame 113 is inclined and located on the support wheel 114. One end of a pull rod 115 is connected to the sliding frame 113, and the other end of the pull rod 115 is connected to the drive shaft 116.

[0057] The interval design between the fixed grate bars 111 and the sliding grate bars 112 and the 15° inclination angle enable the biomass raw materials to be evenly distributed on the grate, avoiding local accumulation or dry burning phenomena. The reciprocating movement of the sliding grate bars 112 promotes the movement of the raw materials, ensuring that the raw materials are fully exposed in the high-temperature area during the incineration process and improving the combustion efficiency.

[0058] As Figure 10As shown in the figure, in the initial state, the included angle between the pull rod 115 and the horizontal line is 15° to the right, and the included angle between the drive shaft 116 and the horizontal line is 49° to the left; the drive shaft 116 drives the pull rod 115 to rotate clockwise, causing the sliding frame 113 to rotate clockwise. At this time, the included angle between the pull rod 115 and the horizontal line is 11° to the right, and the included angle between the drive shaft 116 and the horizontal line is 90°, which is Action 1; the drive shaft 116 drives the pull rod 115 to rotate counterclockwise, causing the sliding frame 113 to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the included angle between the pull rod 115 and the horizontal line is 13° to the right, and the included angle between the drive shaft 116 and the horizontal line is 84° to the right, which is Action 1; the drive shaft 116 drives the pull rod 115 to rotate clockwise, causing the sliding frame 113 to rotate clockwise. At this time, the included angle between the pull rod 115 and the horizontal line is 11° to the right, and the included angle between the drive shaft 116 and the horizontal line is 90°, which is Action 3; the drive shaft 116 drives the pull rod 115 to continue rotating counterclockwise, causing the sliding frame 113 to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the included angle between the pull rod 115 and the horizontal line is 15° to the right, and the included angle between the drive shaft 116 and the horizontal line is 49°, which is Action 4; after Actions 1 to 4 are completed in sequence, it is a cycle and a continuous action.

[0059] The drive shaft 116 and the pull rod 115 achieve the efficient reciprocating motion of the sliding grate bars 112, ensuring the continuous movement of the raw materials on the grate; the coherence of the motion cycle ensures the stability of the motion of the sliding grate bars 112, avoiding uneven distribution of raw materials or incomplete combustion caused by discontinuous motion, and effectively reducing energy consumption.

[0060] Embodiment 2 For the biomass raw material to syngas equipment of Embodiment 1, the effective width of the feeding mechanism 100 is 1738 mm, the effective width of the incineration grate 400 is 1738 mm, the height of the feed flap valve 32 is 6055 mm, the effective height of the feeding trolley 24 is 600 mm, the upper effective height of the feeding platform 21 is 825 mm, and the length of the water-cooled heat insulation structure 12 is 1200 mm. As Figure 11 shown, the steps for producing syngas using the biomass raw material to syngas equipment of this size are as follows: Feeding: The biomass raw materials are transported to the feed chute 29 by a grab or a belt. The upper computer controls the opening of the feed flap valve 32, and the biomass raw materials enter the feed chute 29; according to the concentration collected by the gas sampling port 3, if the syngas concentration is less than 15%, the upper computer controls the opening of the transition flap valve 31, and the biomass raw materials enter the transition chute 30 and fall onto the feeding platform 21 through the feed inlet; Feeding: The host computer controls the movement of the feeding oil cylinder 27, pushing the feeding trolley 24 towards the opening of the feeding channel 201, and pushing the biomass raw materials on the feeding platform 21 towards the incineration grate 400. The stroke of the feeding oil cylinder 27 ensures the existence of the plug area. If the gas temperature in the plug area is greater than 300 °C, the host computer controls the circulation pump 7 to pump the water in the circulation water tank 8 to the radiator 6 for heat dissipation, and then flows through the outlet pipe 10 to the water-cooled heat insulation structure 12, adjusting the flow rate to the maximum until the gas temperature in the plug area reaches 200 °C. After reaching this set temperature, the flow rate is adjusted to the normal value, and the water temperature of the water-cooled heat insulation structure 12 after cooling is controlled at 30 - 50 °C; Incineration: The biomass raw materials enter the water-cooled grate plates 11 above the incineration grate 400. The host computer controls the movement speed of the sliding grate plates 112 at 0.03 - 0.05 m / min and the single movement stroke at 0.1 - 0.3 m to control the combustion conditions in the area of the incineration grate 400. If the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 300 area is greater than 900 °C, the host computer controls the circulation pump 7 to pump the water in the circulation water tank 8 to the radiator 6 for heat dissipation, and then flows through the outlet pipe 10 into the water-cooled grate plates 11, adjusting the flow rate to the maximum until the temperature in the combustion chamber 300 area reaches 600 °C. After reaching this set temperature, the flow rate is adjusted to the normal value, and the outlet water temperature of the water-cooled grate plates 11 is controlled at 40 - 60 °C. While the synthesis gas is generated by combustion, the host computer collects the gas components at the gas sampling port 3 and controls the air distribution of the oxygen generator 14, primary air blower 15, secondary air blower 16, and outlet blower 17 to ensure that the concentration of the synthesis gas is between 15% - 25%, and the gas sampling frequency is once every 2 minutes; Slag discharging: The residues after the combustion of the biomass materials fall into the slag well 4 along the furnace chamber 1 at a rate of 0.2 - 0.5 tons per hour, and are sealed and stored by the water seal tank 5. The water level height of the water seal tank 5 is 0.5 - 1 m, and the water temperature of the water seal tank 5 is 30 °C - 50 °C.

[0061] The effective widths of the feeding mechanism 100 and the incineration grate 400 are both 1738 mm, ensuring that the raw materials can be evenly distributed on the incineration grate 400, avoiding local accumulation or dry burning phenomena, and improving the combustion efficiency. By controlling the movement speed and stroke of the sliding grate plates 112 through the host computer, the combustion conditions are adjusted to ensure the full combustion of the raw materials.

[0062] The host computer automatically controls the feed plug valve 32, transition plug valve 31, circulation pump 7, and air distribution equipment according to the concentration data and temperature data at the gas sampling port 3, realizing the intelligent adjustment of the process. Through the cooling effect of the water-cooled heat insulation structure 12 and the water-cooled grate plates 11, the temperatures in the plug area and the area of the incineration grate 400 are controlled within a reasonable range, preventing the equipment from overheating and extending the service life of the equipment. The design of the feeding trolley 24 and the feeding platform 21 ensures the continuous supply of raw materials and avoids equipment shutdown caused by uneven feeding.

[0063] By controlling the air distribution equipment through the host computer, the concentration of syngas is ensured to be between 15% and 25%, improving the quality of syngas and reducing the emission of harmful gases. The residues after combustion are safely treated through the slag drop well 4 and the water seal tank 5, avoiding environmental pollution caused by ash residues. Through precise dimension design and automatic control, the biomass raw materials are utilized to the maximum extent, improving the resource utilization efficiency.

[0064] Enlightened by the ideal embodiments of the present invention described above, through the above description, relevant staff can make various changes and modifications completely within the scope not deviating from the technical idea of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A biomass raw material generating syngas device, characterized in that, Comprising: A feeding unit, which includes a feeding mechanism (100) and a feeding-in mechanism (200). The feeding mechanism (100) includes a feeding rack (20). The upper part of the feeding rack (20) is provided with a feeding channel (201). One end of the feeding channel (201) is open. A feeding platform (21) extending horizontally outwards is connected to the feeding rack (20) below the opening. An incineration unit, which is arranged downstream of the feeding unit and includes a combustion chamber (300) and an incineration grate (400) located in the combustion chamber (300). The upper end of the incineration grate (400) is lapped with the feeding platform (21), and the incineration grate (400) has a number of water-cooled grate plates (11). A water-cooled heat insulation structure (12) is provided in the feeding material waiting area above the feeding platform (21). A feeding port is formed in the horizontal direction between the water-cooled heat insulation structure (12) and the feeding rack (20). The feeding-in mechanism (200) is arranged on the feeding port. A material plug area is formed in the vertical direction between the water-cooled heat insulation structure (12) and the feeding platform (21). A slag treatment unit, which is arranged at the slag discharge port at the lower end of the combustion chamber (300) and has a slag dropping well (4) and a water seal tank (5) sealing the lower part of the slag dropping well (4).

2. The syngas generation device using biomass raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (100) further includes a feeding base (22), a feeding ash hopper (23) and a feeding trolley (24). The feeding ash hopper (23) is connected below the feeding rack (20). The feeding rack (20) and the feeding base (22) are connected to form an integral structure. The feeding trolley (24) is located in the feeding channel (201).

3. The syngas generating device for biomass raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: A support frame (26) and a feeding oil cylinder (27) are arranged in the feeding channel (201). A support roller (28) is installed on the support frame (26). The feeding oil cylinder (27) is installed at one end of the feeding channel (201) far away from the opening. The end of its piston rod is connected to the feeding trolley 924. The feeding trolley 924 is arranged on the support roller (28).

4. The syngas generating device using biomass raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding-in mechanism (200) includes a feeding chute (29) and a transition chute (30). The transition chute (30) is connected to the feeding port, and the feeding chute (29) is connected above it. A transition flap valve (31) is arranged between the feeding chute (29) and the transition chute (30). A feeding flap valve (32) is arranged at the top of the feeding chute (29).

5. The syngas generation device using biomass raw materials according to claim 1, wherein: The water-cooled grate plates (11) include fixed grate plates (111) and sliding grate plates (112) arranged at intervals. The angles between the fixed grate plates (111) and the sliding grate plates (112) and the horizontal plane are both 15°. The connection line of the uppermost parts of all the sliding grate plates (112) forms an angle of 13° with the horizontal plane.

6. The syngas generating device for biomass raw materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the sliding grate plate (112) is movably connected to the upper part of a sliding frame (113). The sliding frame (113) is inclined and located on a support wheel (114). One end of a pull rod (115) is connected to the sliding frame (113). The other end of the pull rod (115) is connected to a driving shaft (116).

7. The syngas generation device for biomass raw materials according to claim 1, wherein: It further includes a cooling cycle unit, and the cooling cycle unit has a radiator (6), a circulation pump (7), a circulation water tank (8), a water inlet pipe (9) and a water outlet pipe (10). The inlet of the circulation water tank (8) is connected to the water inlet pipe (9), and its outlet is connected to the radiator (6) through a pipeline, and a circulation pump (7) is connected to this pipeline. The outlet of the radiator (6) is connected to the water outlet pipe (10), and the water outlet pipe (10) is connected to the inlets of the water-cooled grate bars (11) and the water-cooled heat insulation structure (12), and the outlets of the water-cooled grate bars (11) and the water-cooled heat insulation structure (12) are connected to the water inlet pipe (9).

8. The syngas generating device for biomass raw materials according to claim 1, wherein: The combustion chamber (300) includes a furnace chamber (1) and an L-shaped flue (2) located above the furnace chamber (1). A number of temperature sensors are provided in both the furnace chamber (1) and the L-shaped flue (2), and a gas sampling port (3) is provided on the L-shaped flue (2).

9. The syngas generation device for biomass raw materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: It further includes an air distribution unit. The air distribution unit includes an oxygen generator (14), a primary air blower (15), a secondary air blower (16) and an outlet air blower (17). The outlet of the oxygen generator (14) is connected to a primary air pipe (18), and a primary air blower (15) is provided on the primary air pipe (18). The primary air pipe (18) is communicated with the incinerator grate (400). A secondary air pipe (19) is provided at the connection between the furnace chamber (1) and the L-shaped flue (2), and a secondary air blower (16) is connected to the secondary air pipe (19). The outlet air blower (17) is arranged at the outlet of the L-shaped flue (2).

10. A method for generating syngas in a syngas generation device for biomass raw materials according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, It includes the following technological steps: Feeding: The biomass raw material is conveyed to the feeding chute (19) by a grab or a belt. The upper computer controls the feeding flap valve (32) to open, and the biomass raw material enters the feeding chute (19). According to the concentration collected by the gas sampling port (3), if the concentration of the synthesis gas is less than 15%, the upper computer controls the transition flap valve (31) to open, and the biomass raw material enters the transition chute (30) and falls onto the feeding platform (21) through the feeding port; Feeding: The upper computer controls the feeding oil cylinder (27) to act, and pushes the feeding trolley (24) towards the opening of the feeding channel (201), and pushes the biomass raw material on the feeding platform (21) towards the incinerator grate (400). The stroke of the feeding oil cylinder (27) is to ensure the existence of the plug area. If the gas temperature in the plug area is greater than 300 °C, the upper computer controls the circulation pump (7) to pump the water in the circulation water tank (8) to the radiator (6) for heat dissipation, and then flows through the water outlet pipe (10) to the water-cooled heat insulation structure (12), and adjusts the flow rate to the maximum until the gas temperature in the plug area reaches 200 °C. After reaching this set temperature, the flow rate is adjusted to the normal value, and the water temperature of the water-cooled heat insulation structure (12) after cooling is controlled at 30 - 50 °C; Incineration: The biomass raw material enters the water-cooled grate bars (11) above the incinerator grate (400). The upper computer controls the movement speed of the sliding grate bars (112) at 0.03 - 0.05 m / min and the single movement stroke at 0.1 - 0.3 m to control the combustion conditions in the area of the incinerator grate (400). If the gas temperature in the combustion chamber (300) area is greater than 900 °C, the upper computer controls the circulation pump (7) to pump the water in the circulation water tank (8) to the radiator (6) for heat dissipation, and then flows through the outlet pipe (10) into the water-cooled grate bars (11), and adjusts the flow rate to the maximum until the gas temperature in the combustion chamber (300) area reaches 600 °C. After reaching this set temperature, the flow rate is adjusted to the normal value, and the outlet water temperature of the water-cooled grate bars (11) is controlled at 40 - 60 °C. While the synthesis gas is generated by combustion, the upper computer collects the gas components at the gas sampling port (3) and controls the air distribution of the oxygen generator (14), primary air blower (15), secondary air blower (16) and outlet air blower (17) to ensure that the concentration of the synthesis gas is 15% - 25%, and the gas sampling frequency is once every 2 minutes. Slag discharge: The residue after the combustion of the biomass material falls into the slag well (4) along the furnace chamber (1) at a rate of 0.2 - 0.5 t / h, and is water-sealed and stored by the water-sealing tank (5). The water level height of the water-sealing tank (5) is 0.5 - 1 m, and the water temperature of the water-sealing tank (5) is 30 °C - 50 °C.

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