Insulation fastener system with organized drainage function

Abstract

The invention discloses an insulation fastener system with organized drainage, and relates to the field of rail transit, the insulation fastener system comprises an iron base plate, a rail pad, a distance adjusting cover plate, a gauge block, an anchor bolt and a bolt sleeve, an insulation buffer sleeve is arranged below the iron base plate, and the anchor bolt sequentially penetrates through the insulation buffer sleeve, the iron base plate and the distance adjusting cover plate from bottom to top; a water retaining structure is arranged on the periphery of the insulating buffer sleeve, a waterproof eave is arranged at the top of the water retaining structure, the gauge block is integrally lengthened, a buckling portion is turned upwards to be provided with a water retaining table, a bolt hole of the iron base plate is provided with a water retaining table, and water guide grooves are formed in the two sides of the under-rail pad. The fastener system with organized water resistance, water drainage and high insulation performance is realized by utilizing the ingenious design of the structures of the insulating buffer sleeve, the under-rail pad, the iron base plate, the rail gauge block and the like, and the corrosion influence of stray current on related equipment is reduced by increasing the creepage distance between the iron base plate and a sleeper (a rail plate).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rail transit, and specifically to an organized drainage insulation fastener system. Background Technique

[0002] Stray current refers to the current flowing outside the designed or specified circuit, also known as "stray current". In the field of rail transit, due to the lack of systematic drainage design of railway fasteners and the small creepage distance, a certain amount of stray current is inevitably generated in the return system composed of running rails. The corrosion caused by stray current to pipeline equipment, railway products, etc. seriously shortens the service life of related products.

[0003] In the field of rail transit, the existing domestic stray current protection solutions currently have the following technical defects: (1) Insufficient drainage design: Traditional fasteners lack a systematic drainage structure, and water is easily accumulated between the tie plate and the sleeper (track slab), forming a conductive water film, significantly shortening the creepage distance between the two and increasing the risk of stray current leakage; (2) Insulation protection defects: The existing stray current protection mainly relies on manual coating of insulation coatings or pasting of insulation materials, with low construction efficiency and poor durability. Long-term vibration of trains, changes in environmental temperature and humidity, and oil penetration easily lead to peeling and cracking of the coatings, accelerating the attenuation of insulation performance and further reducing the ground transition resistance of the rail; (3) High maintenance cost: After the insulation layer fails, it needs to be frequently repaired, forming a vicious cycle of "high input, low effect", and the electrochemical corrosion problem of stray current to underground pipelines and trackside equipment is also difficult to cure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organized drainage insulation fastener system to solve the problems existing in the existing stray current protection solutions in the background technique. By using gauge blocks, under-rail pads, tie plates, and insulation buffer sleeves, the organized waterproofing and drainage of the fastener system are realized, enabling the water flowing along the rail and the water on the surface of the fasteners to be drained out of the fasteners in an organized manner, increasing the creepage distance between the rail and the elastic clip, bolts, tie plates, ballast bed, etc., effectively reducing the formation of conductive water films, and thus reducing the generation of stray current.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An organized drainage insulation fastener system includes a tie plate, an under-rail pad, an adjustable distance cover plate, gauge blocks, anchor bolts, and bolt sleeves. An insulation buffer sleeve is further provided below the tie plate. The anchor bolts sequentially penetrate through the insulation buffer sleeve, the tie plate, and the adjustable distance cover plate from bottom to top. A water-blocking structure is provided around the insulation buffer sleeve, and a waterproof eaves is provided at the top of the water-blocking structure. A water diversion structure is provided on the inner working surface of the insulation buffer sleeve, and drain holes are provided at the four corners of the insulation buffer sleeve. The accumulated water in the insulation buffer sleeve can be discharged from the drain holes along the water diversion structure;

[0006] The gauge block is designed with an overall lengthened structure, and a water retaining platform is turned up on the clamping part. The height of the water retaining platform gradually decreases from the elastic clip to the bolt direction, and the water retaining platform forms a drainage slope by wrapping and fitting with the elastic clip and the anchor bolt;

[0007] A water blocking platform is arranged at the bolt hole of the tie plate;

[0008] A drain eaves is integrally formed around the tie plate;

[0009] Guide grooves are provided on both sides of the rail pad. The edges of the guide grooves are in a slope structure. By cooperating with the drainage slope at the bottom of the gauge block, the creepage distance between the rail and the anchor bolt and the tie plate is increased;

[0010] The rail pad is lengthened in the longitudinal direction of the rail and is designed with a turned-down clamping and covering structure. The inner side of the clamping and covering structure is in a slope design, and the clamping and covering structure is in a wrapping and fitting with the tie plate and the insulating buffer sleeve;

[0011] A water dispersion prevention platform is arranged at the longitudinal end of the rail pad for discharging the water in the guide groove directly outside the fastener along the edge clamping and covering structure of the rail pad, reducing the water from dispersing to the surface of the fastener and inside the insulating buffer sleeve.

[0012] To further optimize the present invention, the following technical solutions can be preferably selected:

[0013] Preferably, the water diversion structure is a water diversion groove arranged on the inner working surface of the insulating buffer sleeve. The water diversion grooves are arranged in a crisscross pattern. A water dispersion platform is arranged at the drainage port of the insulating buffer sleeve, and the upper surface of the water dispersion platform is in a slope shape with the inner side higher and the outer side lower.

[0014] Preferably, a water guiding platform is arranged at the bolt hole of the insulating buffer sleeve. The upper surface of the water guiding platform is in a slope shape for diverting water droplets, water flow, etc. into the insulating buffer sleeve; and a drainage bell mouth is provided at the bottom of the bolt hole of the insulating buffer sleeve. A water retaining slope is arranged on the upper surface of the bolt sleeve to cooperate with the drainage bell mouth at the bottom of the bolt hole of the insulating buffer sleeve for discharging the water in the bolt hole outside the bolt sleeve along the drainage bell mouth; a drainage groove is provided at the bottom of the drainage bell mouth, and the water discharged into the drainage bell mouth can be discharged outside the fastener along the drainage groove.

[0015] Preferably, the water blocking platform has the same height as the teeth of the distance adjusting cover plate, which can block the water on the surface of the tie plate from flowing into the bolt hole. A bell mouth structure matching the water guiding platform of the insulating buffer sleeve is provided at the bottom of the bolt hole of the tie plate. The area where the distance adjusting cover plate and the tie plate are fitted is a toothless area, and the distance adjusting cover plate and the water blocking platform of the bolt hole of the tie plate are in a wrapping and fitting.

[0016] Preferably, the upper and lower surfaces of the drainage eaves of the tie plate are sloped, and the drainage eaves of the tie plate and the waterproof eaves of the insulating buffer sleeve are designed in a staggered manner, so that the water flowing down the surface of the tie plate can directly drain along the insulating buffer sleeve to the outside of the fastener.

[0017] Preferably, a drainage slope matching the edge of the water guide groove of the rail pad is provided at the bottom of the gauge block, so that the water on the gauge block can be introduced into the water guide groove of the rail pad.

[0018] Preferably, the slopes of the upper and lower surfaces of the drainage eaves of the tie plate, the upper surface of the waterproof eaves of the insulating buffer sleeve, the water guide table, and the drainage bell mouth are all not less than 1:7.5 to ensure that the drainage effect is not affected by the rail bottom slope of the fastener and the track superelevation of 150 mm.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] I. Omnidirectional waterproofing and drainage to ensure the dryness of the system

[0021] (1) Multiple designs of the insulating buffer sleeve: ①Combination of water blocking and drainage: The water blocking structure around and the waterproof eaves on the top are combined. The water flowing down the drainage eaves of the tie plate can be guided outside the fastener, realizing the isolation of the water around the fastener from the main body; the waterproof eaves are disconnected at the joint with the rail pad, so that the water drained from the rail pad can directly drain outside the insulating buffer sleeve, avoiding water retention. And the slope of the top of the waterproof eaves ≥1:7.5 to ensure smooth drainage under complex working conditions such as the rail bottom slope of the fastener and the track superelevation of 150 mm. ②Efficient drainage: The criss-cross water guide grooves on the inner working surface accelerate the drainage of accumulated water; the drainage ports at the four corners and the enlarged water dispersing table (the upper surface is a slope with higher inside and lower outside) at the drainage ports quickly drain the accumulated water outside the fastener. At the same time, the water dispersing table increases the creepage distance between the fastener and the ballast surface, improving the insulation performance. ③Waterproof drainage of bolt holes: The water guide table (the upper surface is sloped, and the clearance with the trumpet-shaped structure at the bottom of the tie plate is 1-3 mm) at the bolt hole drains water droplets and water flow into the insulating buffer sleeve; the bottom drainage bell mouth (the clearance with the water blocking slope of the bolt sleeve is 1-3 mm) drains the water in the bolt hole outside the bolt sleeve, and then discharges it outside the fastener through the drainage groove at the bottom of the drainage bell mouth. The slopes of the water guide table and the drainage bell mouth ≥1:7.5 to ensure the drainage effect under complex conditions.

[0022] (2) Enhanced drainage of the rail pad: ①Combination of clamping and water guiding: The longitudinally extended downward-turned clamping structure (the inner side is a slope with narrower upper part and wider lower part) is combined with the tie plate and the insulating buffer sleeve in a wrapping manner to enhance the waterproof effect; the laterally widened and water guide grooves on both sides (the edge is a sloped structure) cooperate with the drainage slope at the bottom of the gauge block to increase the creepage distance between the rail and the anchor bolt and the tie plate, and at the same time guide the water flow. ②Prevention of water dispersion at the end: The longitudinally extended anti-water dispersion table at the end makes the water flow in the water guide groove directly drain outside the fastener along the clamping structure at the edge of the rail pad, reducing the water flow from dispersing to the surface of the fastener and inside the insulating buffer sleeve, and keeping the system dry.

[0023] (3) Water blocking and drainage of tie plate: ① Water blocking at bolt holes: The water blocking platform at the bolt holes is of the same height as the teeth, blocking the water flow on the surface of the tie plate from entering the bolt holes and preventing water from seeping into the interior and affecting performance. ② Design of surrounding drainage eaves: The drainage eaves integrally formed with the body (with sloping upper and lower surfaces and a staggered design with the insulation buffer sleeve) enable the water flowing on the surface of the tie plate to directly drain to the outside of the fastener along the waterproof eaves of the insulation buffer sleeve. The slopes at the top and bottom of the drainage eaves are ≥1:7.5, ensuring reliable drainage under complex working conditions. ③ Matching structure at the bottom of bolt holes: The flared structure at the bottom of the bolt holes matching the water guiding platform of the insulation buffer sleeve further optimizes the waterproof cooperation and improves the overall waterproof performance.

[0024] (4) Auxiliary drainage of gauge blocks: ① Water blocking and drainage by water blocking platform: The overall lengthened and widened design increases the creepage distance between the bottom of the rail and the tie plate and the anchor bolts; the height of the upturned water blocking platform at the fastening part gradually decreases from the elastic clip to the bolt direction, and the wrapped cooperation with the elastic clip and the anchor bolts forms a drainage slope, which not only increases the creepage distance between the rail and the elastic clip but also guides the water flow out. ② Bottom drainage cooperation: The drainage slope (with a slope ≥1:7.5) matching the edge of the guide groove under the rail pad at the bottom introduces the water on the gauge block into the guide groove under the rail pad, realizing drainage coordination and ensuring the drainage effect.

[0025] (5) Waterproofing of gauge adjustment cover plate and bolt sleeve: ① Water blocking by gauge adjustment cover plate: The teeth at the joint with the tie plate are cut off (the unilateral cutting width is 1 - 5 mm), and the wrapped cooperation with the water blocking platform of the bolt holes of the tie plate blocks the water flow on the surface of the tie plate from entering the bolt holes and strengthens the waterproofing of the bolt holes. ② Water blocking by bolt sleeve: The water blocking slope on the upper surface (with a slope ≥1:7.5) cooperates with the drainage flared opening at the bottom of the bolt hole of the insulation buffer sleeve, reducing the water flow from the bolt holes of the tie plate into the bolt sleeve, ensuring the dryness of the bolt sleeve and maintaining the stability of the system.

[0026] II. Improving insulation performance and extending component life

[0027] Through design measures such as increasing the creepage distance, such as the cooperation between the guide groove under the rail pad and the drainage slope at the bottom of the gauge block, the overall lengthening and widening of the gauge block, and the wrapped cooperation of the water blocking platform with the elastic clip and the anchor bolts, the leakage path length of the current along the insulation surface is effectively increased, the risk of stray current leakage is reduced, the insulation performance of the fastener system is significantly improved, the corrosion effect of stray current on related components is reduced, and the service life of the track products is extended.

[0028] III. Tightly structured cooperation, enhancing system stability

[0029] The insulating buffer sleeve and the tie plate, the gauge block and the elastic clip, the anchor bolt and other components adopt a wrapped and matching design. For example, the wrapped fit between the insulating buffer sleeve and the tie plate, and the wrapped fit of the water retaining platform of the gauge block to the elastic clip and the anchor bolt, etc., make the connection between the components tight, reduce the vibration and displacement caused by loose components or excessive gaps, enhance the overall stability and reliability of the fastener system, and ensure the safe operation of the track structure.

[0030] IV. Adapt to complex working conditions, with stable and reliable performance

[0031] In the scheme, the slope design of each drainage structure is not less than 1:7.5, fully considering the influence of complex working conditions such as the rail bottom slope of the fastener and the track superelevation of 150 mm, etc., ensuring that the drainage effect is not affected under various adverse conditions, guaranteeing the stability of the waterproof and insulation performance of the fastener system during long-term use, extending the service life of the fastener system, and reducing the maintenance cost and workload. Description of the drawings

[0032] Figure 1 is the three-dimensional view of the insulating fastener;

[0033] Figure 2 is the front view of the insulating fastener;

[0034] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of vertical drainage of the insulating fastener;

[0035] Figure 4 is the schematic top view of the drainage of the insulating fastener;

[0036] Figure 5 is the schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the insulating buffer sleeve;

[0037] Figure 6 is the schematic bottom view of the insulating buffer sleeve;

[0038] Figure 7 is the schematic partial sectional view of the insulating buffer sleeve;

[0039] Figure 8 is the schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the under-rail pad;

[0040] Figure 9 is the schematic front view structure diagram of the under-rail pad;

[0041] Figure 10 is the schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the tie plate;

[0042] Figure 11 is the schematic bottom view of the tie plate;

[0043] Figure 12 is the partial structure sectional view of the tie plate;

[0044] Figure 13 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the gauge block

[0045] Figure 14 Schematic top view structure diagram of the gauge block

[0046] Figure 15 Schematic side view structure diagram of the gauge block

[0047] Figure 16 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the shim plate for adjusting gauge

[0048] Figure 17 Schematic front view structure diagram of the bolt sleeve

[0049] In the figure: 1. Insulating buffer sleeve; 2. Under-rail pad; 3. Baseplate; 4. Gauge block; 5. Shim plate for adjusting gauge; 6. Bolt sleeve; 7. Elastic clip; 8. Rail; 9. Anchor bolt; 10. Water retaining structure; 11. Waterproof eaves; 12. Drainage opening; 13. Water diversion trough; 14. Scattering water platform; 15. Water guiding platform; 16. Drainage bell mouth; 17. Drainage groove; 18. Water guiding groove; 19. Clamping and covering structure; 20. Anti-scattering water platform; 21. Drainage eaves; 22. Water blocking platform; 23. Bell mouth structure; 24. Water retaining platform; 25. Extended and widened part; 26. Drainage slope; 27. Drainage slope; 28. Water retaining slope Specific embodiments

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "couple" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations

[0051] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention

[0052] Embodiment 1: Please refer to Figures 1-17An insulating fastener system with organized drainage includes an iron pad, a rail pad, a distance-adjusting cover plate 5, a gauge block 4, an anchor bolt 9, a bolt sleeve 6, and a spring bar 7. A steel rail 8 is installed above the rail pad 2, and an insulating buffer sleeve is also designed under the iron pad. The anchor bolts pass through the insulating buffer sleeve 1, the iron pad 3, and the distance-adjusting cover plate 5 from bottom to top. The insulating buffer sleeve and the iron pad are wrapped together. A water retaining structure 10 is designed around the insulating buffer sleeve, and a waterproof eaves 11 is designed on the top of the water retaining structure. A water diversion structure is designed on the internal working surface of the insulating buffer sleeve, and drainage outlets 12 are designed at the four corners of the insulating buffer sleeve. The accumulated water in the insulating buffer sleeve can be discharged from the drainage outlet along the water diversion structure. The water diversion structure is a water diversion trough 13 designed on the internal working surface of the insulating buffer sleeve. The water diversion troughs are arranged in a crisscross pattern. A water dispersion platform 14 is designed at the drainage outlet of the insulating buffer sleeve. The upper surface of the water dispersion platform 14 is a slope with a high inside and a low outside. A water guide platform 15 is designed at the bolt hole of the insulating buffer sleeve, and the upper surface of the water guide platform 15 is sloped, which is used to drain water droplets, water flow, etc. into the insulating buffer sleeve; and a drainage bell mouth 16 is provided at the bottom of the bolt hole of the insulating buffer sleeve, and a water retaining slope 28 is designed on the upper surface of the bolt sleeve, which cooperates with the drainage bell mouth at the bottom of the bolt hole of the insulating buffer sleeve to drain the water in the bolt hole along the drainage bell mouth to the outside of the bolt sleeve; a drainage groove 17 is provided at the bottom of the drainage bell mouth, and the water discharged to the drainage bell mouth can be discharged outside the fastener along the drainage groove, wherein the slope of the waterproof eaves, water guide platform and drainage bell mouth of the insulating buffer sleeve is not less than 1:7.5 to ensure that the drainage effect is not affected by the bottom slope of the fastener rail and the track superelevation of 150mm.

[0053] Among them, the designs for the rail pad include: (1) a clamping and covering structure: the rail pad is lengthened in the longitudinal direction of the rail and has a clamping and covering structure 19 that is turned down. The inner side of the clamping and covering structure is designed to be sloped (i.e., narrow at the top and wide at the bottom). The clamping and covering structure is matched with the iron pad and the insulating buffer sleeve in a covering manner. (2) a water guide trough: the rail pad is designed to be widened laterally and has water guide troughs 18 on both sides. The edges of the water guide trough are in a sloped structure. By matching the drainage slope at the bottom of the gauge block, the creepage distance between the rail and the anchor bolt and the iron pad is increased. (3) a water-proof platform: the rail pad is provided with a water-proof platform 20 at the longitudinal end of the rail, which can make the water in the water guide trough be discharged directly to the outside of the fastener along the clamping and covering structure at the edge of the rail pad. The water-proof platform can reduce the water from being scattered to the surface of the fastener and the inside of the insulating buffer sleeve.

[0054] For the tie plate, the following designs are made: (1) Water-blocking platform: A water-blocking platform 22 is added at the bolt hole of the tie plate. The water-blocking platform is of the same height as the tooth profile, which can prevent the water on the surface of the tie plate from flowing into the bolt hole. (2) Drainage eaves: Drainage eaves 21 integrally formed with the tie plate body are added around the tie plate. The upper and lower surfaces of the drainage eaves of the tie plate are sloped. The drainage eaves of the tie plate and the waterproof eaves of the insulating buffer sleeve are designed in a staggered manner. The water flowing down from the surface of the tie plate can directly drain along the insulating buffer sleeve to outside the fastener; the slopes at the top and bottom of the drainage eaves are not less than 1:7.5 to ensure that the drainage effect is not affected by the rail base slope of the fastener and the track superelevation of 150 mm. (3) A flared structure 23 matching the water guide platform of the insulating buffer sleeve is provided at the bottom of the bolt hole of the tie plate.

[0055] For the gauge block, the following designs are made: (1) The gauge block is designed with an overall lengthened and widened structure, and a lengthened and widened part 25 is designed to increase the creepage distance between the bottom of the rail and the tie plate and the anchor bolt. (2) A water-blocking platform 24 is added by turning up the clamping part of the gauge block. The height of the water-blocking platform gradually decreases from the elastic rail clip to the bolt direction, and the water-blocking platform forms a drainage slope 26 in a wrapped manner with the elastic rail clip and the anchor bolt, which can not only increase the creepage distance between the rail and the elastic rail clip, but also play a role in drainage. (3) A drainage slope 27 matching the edge of the water guide groove of the pad under the rail is provided at the bottom of the gauge block, which can introduce the water on the gauge block into the water guide groove of the pad under the rail; the slope of the drainage slope is not less than 1:7.5 to ensure that the drainage effect is not affected by the rail base slope of the fastener and the track superelevation of 150 mm.

[0056] For the gauge adjustment cover plate, the tooth profile at the joint with the tie plate is cut off, and the unilateral cutting width is about 1 - 5 mm. The gauge adjustment cover plate and the water-blocking platform of the bolt hole of the tie plate are in a wrapped fit, which can prevent the water on the surface of the tie plate from flowing into the bolt hole of the tie plate.

[0057] For the bolt sleeve, a water-blocking slope 28 is designed on its upper surface, which is matched with the drainage flared opening at the bottom of the bolt hole of the insulating buffer sleeve, and can reduce the water flowing down along the bolt hole of the tie plate from entering the bolt sleeve; the slope of the water-blocking slope is not less than 1:7.5 to ensure that the drainage effect is not affected by the rail base slope of the fastener and the track superelevation of 150 mm.

[0058] Based on the above product structure, the drainage operation mechanism is as follows:

[0059] I. Water source and initial interception

[0060] (1) External precipitation and surface water on the track

[0061] Interception by the drainage eaves of the tie plate: Rainwater, condensate, etc. on the surface of the tie plate are first intercepted by the drainage eaves integrally formed around it. The upper and lower surfaces of the drainage eaves are sloped (slope ≥ 1:7.5), guiding the water to flow towards the outer edge.

[0062] Secondary barrier of the waterproof eaves of the insulating buffer sleeve: The water flowing out of the drainage eaves of the tie plate continues to drain outwards along the waterproof eaves at the top of the water-blocking structure around the insulating buffer sleeve. The slope of the waterproof eaves is ≥1:7.5, ensuring that the water flow will not backflow due to the influence of track super-elevation or rail bottom slope, and realizing the primary isolation between the fastener body and the external water flow.

[0063] (2) Surface drainage of the under-rail pad

[0064] Drainage of the under-rail pad through the water guide groove: The water dripping from the bottom of the rail or the accumulated water on the surface of the under-rail pad is drained to both sides through the laterally widened water guide grooves (edge slope structure) on both sides of the under-rail pad. The water guide groove cooperates with the drainage slope at the bottom of the gauge block to form a water flow relay channel.

[0065] Directed drainage of the anti-scattering water platform: The anti-scattering water platform at the longitudinal end of the under-rail pad guides the water flow in the water guide groove and directly drains it outside the fastener along the edge clamping and covering structure of the under-rail pad, preventing the water flow from spreading to the middle of the fastener or infiltrating into the insulating buffer sleeve.

[0066] II. Internal drainage path of the insulating buffer sleeve

[0067] (1) Quick drainage through the water guide grooves on the working surface

[0068] Criss-cross water guide grooves: The water guide grooves on the internal working surface of the insulating buffer sleeve are distributed in a grid pattern. When a small amount of water infiltrates inside, it can quickly flow through the water guide grooves to the drainage outlets at the four corners. The slope design of the water guide grooves ensures that there is no water retention and the water flows quickly.

[0069] (2) Linkage between the drainage outlets at the four corners and the scattering water platform

[0070] Centralized drainage at the drainage outlets: The accumulated water collected by the water guide grooves is discharged through the drainage outlets at the four corners of the insulating buffer sleeve and directly falls into the enlarged scattering water platform. The upper surface of the scattering water platform is in a slope shape with the inside higher and the outside lower, guiding the water flow to quickly flow along the scattering slope to the outside of the fastener, and at the same time increasing the creepage distance between the fastener and the ballast surface.

[0071] (3) Special drainage channel for bolt holes

[0072] Drainage of the water guide platform to the inside of the buffer sleeve: Some of the water droplets and water flows falling into the bolt holes of the tie plate are drained to the inside of the insulating buffer sleeve by the water guide platform (with a sloping upper surface) at the bolt holes of the insulating buffer sleeve. The gap between the water guide platform and the flared structure at the bottom of the tie plate is 1 - 3 mm, forming a dedicated water flow channel to prevent the water flow from directly infiltrating into the bolt sleeve.

[0073] Relay between the drainage flared mouth and the drainage groove: The water flow that does not enter the inside of the insulating buffer sleeve flows along the drainage flared mouth at the bottom of the bolt hole (slope ≥1:7.5) to the outside of the bolt sleeve, and then is drained outside the fastener through the drainage groove at the bottom of the drainage flared mouth. The gap between the drainage flared mouth and the water-blocking slope of the bolt sleeve is 1 - 3 mm, ensuring that the water flow does not enter the inside of the bolt sleeve.

[0074] 3. Auxiliary drainage of gauge blocks and gauge cover plates

[0075] (1) Water retaining and drainage of gauge block water retaining platform

[0076] The water retaining platform forms a drainage slope: The upward-turned water retaining platform (with decreasing height from the spring bar to the bolt) at the clamping portion of the gauge block wraps around the spring bar and anchor bolts, forming an inclined drainage slope. Water in the spring bar area flows along the surface of the water retaining platform toward the bolts, ultimately entering the water channel under the rail pad through the drainage slope at the bottom of the gauge block (slope ≥ 1:7.5), achieving coordinated drainage across all components.

[0077] (2) Water blocking of bolt holes of adjustable cover

[0078] Wrap-around water blocking: After the adjustable cover plate cuts off the teeth at the matching place with the iron pad water blocking platform, it forms a wrap-around match with the iron pad bolt hole water blocking platform, blocking the water on the surface of the iron pad from flowing to the bolt hole, reducing the risk of water entering the bolt hole from the source.

[0079] 4. Bolt Casing Waterproof Barrier

[0080] The water-retaining slope intercepts water seepage: If a small amount of water seeps downward along the bolt hole of the iron pad, the water-retaining slope (slope ≥1:7.5) on the upper surface of the bolt sleeve and the drainage bell mouth of the insulating buffer sleeve will cooperate to direct the water flow to the outside, avoiding it from entering the inside of the sleeve, ensuring that the bolt assembly is dry.

[0081] 5. Drainage Process Summary (Visual Path)

[0082]

[0083] 6. Core advantages of drainage design

[0084] Multi-level waterproof barrier: Through the three-level mechanism of "interception → diversion → discharge", it blocks water from entering the core area of the fastener at the source, avoiding fastener insulation failure or structural corrosion caused by water accumulation.

[0085] Coordinated drainage of all components: Various structures (such as drainage eaves, waterproof eaves, water diversion channels, water distribution platforms, etc.) form a three-dimensional drainage network. No matter whether the water flows from above, side or bolt hole direction, there is a corresponding drainage path.

[0086] Ability to withstand complex working conditions: All drainage slopes are ≥1:7.5, and it is compatible with extreme conditions such as fastener rail bottom slope and track superelevation of 150mm, ensuring that drainage reliability is not affected under high-speed train operation or extreme weather conditions.

[0087] Through the above process, the insulating fastener system realizes efficient drainage with integrated “prevention, guidance and drainage”, providing key guarantee for the long-term safe operation of the track structure.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organized drainage insulated fastener system, comprising a baseplate, an under-rail pad, an adjustable spacer cover plate, gauge blocks, anchor bolts, and bolt sleeves, characterized in that: An insulating buffer sleeve is also provided below the tie plate. The anchor bolt sequentially passes through the insulating buffer sleeve, the tie plate, and the gauge adjustment cover plate from bottom to top. A water-blocking structure is arranged around the insulating buffer sleeve, and a waterproof eaves is arranged at the top of the water-blocking structure. A water diversion structure is arranged on the inner working surface of the insulating buffer sleeve. Drainage ports are arranged at the four corners of the insulating buffer sleeve, and the accumulated water in the insulating buffer sleeve can be discharged from the drainage ports along the water diversion structure. The gauge block is designed with an overall lengthened shape, and a water-blocking platform is turned up on the fastening part. The height of the water-blocking platform gradually decreases from the elastic clip to the bolt direction, and the water-blocking platform forms a drainage slope in a wrapped manner with the elastic clip and the anchor bolt. A water-blocking platform is arranged at the bolt hole of the tie plate. A drain eaves is integrally formed around the tie plate. Water guide grooves are arranged on both sides of the rail pad. The edges of the water guide grooves are in a slope-like structure. By cooperating with the drainage slope at the bottom of the gauge block, the creepage distance between the rail and the anchor bolt and the tie plate is increased. The rail pad is lengthened in the longitudinal direction of the rail and has a downward-turned design of a clamping and covering structure. The inner side of the clamping and covering structure is in a slope-like design, and the clamping and covering structure is in a wrapped manner with the tie plate and the insulating buffer sleeve. A water-dispersing prevention platform is arranged at the longitudinal end of the rail pad in the rail direction, which is used to directly discharge the water in the water guide groove along the edge clamping and covering structure of the rail pad outside the fastener, reducing the water flow from spreading to the surface of the fastener and into the insulating buffer sleeve.

2. The organized drainage insulation fastener system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water diversion structure is a water guide groove arranged on the inner working surface of the insulating buffer sleeve. The water guide grooves are arranged in a crisscross pattern. A water dispersing platform is arranged at the drainage port of the insulating buffer sleeve, and the upper surface of the water dispersing platform is in a slope shape with the inner side being high and the outer side being low.

3. The organized drainage insulation fastener system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A water guide platform is arranged at the bolt hole of the insulating buffer sleeve. The upper surface of the water guide platform is in a slope shape, which is used to divert water droplets, water flow, etc. into the insulating buffer sleeve. And a drainage bell mouth is arranged at the bottom of the bolt hole of the insulating buffer sleeve. A water-blocking slope is arranged on the upper surface of the bolt sleeve, which cooperates with the drainage bell mouth at the bottom of the bolt hole of the insulating buffer sleeve to drain the water in the bolt hole along the drainage bell mouth outside the bolt sleeve. A drainage groove is arranged at the bottom of the drainage bell mouth, and the water drained to the drainage bell mouth can be discharged outside the fastener along the drainage groove.

4. An organized drainage insulation fastener system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-blocking platform is of the same height as the teeth of the gauge adjustment cover plate, which can block the water on the surface of the tie plate from flowing into the bolt hole. A bell mouth structure matching the water guide platform of the insulating buffer sleeve is arranged at the bottom of the bolt hole of the tie plate. The area where the gauge adjustment cover plate and the tie plate are in contact is a toothless area, and the water-blocking platform of the bolt hole of the gauge adjustment cover plate and the tie plate is in a wrapped manner.

5. An organized drainage insulation fastener system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper and lower surfaces of the drain eaves of the tie plate are in a slope shape. The drain eaves of the tie plate and the waterproof eaves of the insulating buffer sleeve are in a staggered design, and the water flowing down from the surface of the tie plate can be directly discharged outside the fastener along the insulating buffer sleeve.

6. The organized drainage insulation fastener system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A drainage slope matching the edge of the water guide groove of the rail pad is arranged at the bottom of the gauge block, which can introduce the water on the gauge block into the water guide groove of the rail pad.

7. An organized drainage insulation fastener system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slopes of the upper and lower surfaces of the drain eaves of the tie plate, the upper surface of the waterproof eaves of the insulating buffer sleeve, the water guide platform, and the drainage bell mouth are all not less than 1:7.5 to ensure that the drainage effect is not affected by the rail bottom slope of the fastener and the track super-elevation of 150 mm.

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