The invention discloses a quantitative test method and device for meshing phase consistency of duplex planetary gears, and belongs to the technical field of precision gear detection. The method realizes high-precision measurement through an error transfer and
compensation principle, and comprises the following steps of: firstly, manufacturing a reference conversion device which has the same parameter as a measured gear but is completely consistent with a theoretical phase, and measuring a tiny
phase error of the reference conversion device by using a high-precision instrument to serve as a compensation value beta; then, the
reference device is placed in a special measuring device, positioning is carried out through a
gear tooth groove, the
system reading is adjusted to be a beta value through an adjusting scale, and error calibration is completed; and finally, replacing with a duplex planetary gear to be measured, and measuring a reading change value gamma of the scale under the same condition, so that the value is the actual
phase center offset of the gear pair, and quantitative evaluation is realized. The matched measuring device comprises a base platform, a central positioning bush, a small / large
gear tooth groove positioning piece and a measuring module with a
gauge block. According to the invention, a space angle error which is difficult to directly measure is converted into a
linear dimension difference which is easy to measure, the industrial problem that the phase consistency of the duplex planetary gear cannot be accurately and quantitatively detected is solved, and the method has the advantages of advanced measurement principle, high precision and simplicity and convenience in operation.