External-protection and internal-adhesion waterproof structure of underground structure in narrow space and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides an external-prevention and internal-adhesion waterproof structure for an underground structure in a narrow space and a construction method, and relates to the technical field of underground engineering. The structure comprises a bottom plate, a side wall and a top plate, a concrete cushion layer, a leveling layer, a waterproof layer and a concrete protection layer are sequentially arranged on the bottom plate, the side wall is an integrated prefabricated waterproof structure wall body and is fixedly connected with an embedded part through a detachable positioning clamping part, and a waterproof interlayer is arranged on the top plate and is connected with the waterproof layer of the side wall. By optimizing the structure and the connection mode of each component and cooperating with a unique construction method, the problems that the waterproof construction difficulty of the existing narrow space underground structure is large and the quality is difficult to guarantee are solved, meanwhile, the construction efficiency is improved, the construction cost is reduced, and good economic benefits and social benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and particularly to an internal waterproofing structure and construction method for external waterproofing of underground structures in narrow spaces. Background Technique

[0002] During the development and utilization of underground spaces, the waterproof construction of underground structures in narrow spaces has always been a key issue. The existing external waterproofing outside and internal waterproofing methods are common waterproof construction techniques, which prevent groundwater infiltration by laying waterproof layers on the outside or inside of the structure. The external waterproofing outside method sets the waterproof layer on the outside of the structure, directly contacting with groundwater to block moisture; while the internal waterproofing method sets the waterproof layer on the inside of the structure and enhances the waterproof effect through a concrete protective layer. These methods can meet the waterproof requirements to a certain extent, but they all have certain limitations.

[0003] However, these existing technologies have common defects in narrow spaces. On the one hand, the external waterproofing outside method is difficult to construct in narrow spaces. Due to limited operating space, the laying and protection of the waterproof layer become difficult, and the waterproof layer is easily damaged during construction, affecting the waterproof effect. On the other hand, although the internal waterproofing method is relatively easy to construct, in narrow spaces, the workload of formwork erection and removal is large, consuming time and labor, and it is also difficult to ensure the tight bonding between the waterproof layer and the structure, resulting in the durability and stability of the waterproof layer being affected. In addition, the existing technologies do not handle the connection between the floor slab, side wall and roof slab well enough, and leakage risks are likely to occur at the corners, making it difficult to form an integral waterproof system, which limits their wide application in the waterproof engineering of underground structures in narrow spaces. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides an internal waterproofing structure and construction method for external waterproofing of underground structures in narrow spaces, and solves the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0006] (2) Technical Solutions

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: An internal waterproofing structure and construction method for external waterproofing of underground structures in narrow spaces, including a floor slab, side walls and a roof slab, characterized in that: a concrete cushion is provided on the floor slab, a leveling layer is provided on the concrete cushion, a waterproof layer is laid on the leveling layer, and a concrete protective layer is provided on the waterproof layer; the side walls are integral prefabricated waterproof structure walls, with a dovetail groove matching the waterproof layer at the bottom, and a side waterproof layer is provided on the inner side wall. The side walls are fixedly connected to the embedded parts through detachable positioning fixtures; a waterproof isolation layer is provided on the roof slab, and the waterproof isolation layer is connected to the side waterproof layer.

[0008] Preferably, the detachable positioning clip is L-shaped and consists of two perpendicular flat plates. Dovetail grooves are provided on both sides thereof and fixed to the embedded part through a locking device; the locking device is a rotary bolt.

[0009] Preferably, both the waterproof layer and the waterproof isolation layer are HDPE polymer self-adhesive waterproof coiled materials or TPO waterproof coiled materials, and an additional layer is provided thereon. The additional layer is located at the joint of the bottom plate and the side wall and has a width of 300-500 mm; the additional layer is a polymer waterproof coating, and the coating thickness is not less than 1.5 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the embedded part is dovetail-shaped, made of high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel material, and embedded on the installation surface of the integrated precast waterproof structure wall at intervals of 1000-1500 mm; the dovetail part of the embedded part matches the dovetail groove of the detachable positioning clip to ensure the tight fit between the clip and the embedded part.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the concrete protective layer is 50-100 mm, and it is poured with C25 or C30 fine aggregate concrete; a steel mesh is provided in the concrete protective layer, the grid size of the steel mesh is 150-200 mm, and the steel bar diameter is 6-8 mm.

[0012] Preferably, the dovetail groove at the bottom of the integrated precast waterproof structure wall cooperates with the dovetail protrusion of the bottom plate waterproof layer, and the joint is sealed with a waterproof sealant; the waterproof sealant is a polyurethane waterproof sealant, which has good elasticity and durability.

[0013] The construction method of the external waterproof and internal pasting waterproof structure for the underground structure in a narrow space is applied to the external waterproof and internal pasting waterproof structure for the underground structure in a narrow space as described above, and includes the following steps:

[0014] S1. Use a high-pressure air gun or a dust blower to remove the floating soil and sundries on the bottom and side walls of the foundation pit. For oil stains and mortar residues, use a special cleaning agent for cleaning to ensure that the base surface is clean and dust-free. Repair the honeycomb holes and cracks on the base surface, and use 1:2 cement mortar for leveling to ensure that the base surface is flat and has no obvious defects;

[0015] S2. Pour a concrete cushion layer at the bottom of the foundation pit with a thickness of 100-150 mm, using C15 or C20 concrete. Use a vibrator to vibrate it densely during pouring to ensure that the surface of the concrete cushion layer is flat, has no cracks, and no sundries. After the concrete cushion layer is poured, cover it with a plastic film for curing, and the curing time is 7 days;

[0016] S3. Apply a 1:3 cement mortar leveling layer on the concrete cushion, with a thickness of 20 - 30 mm. Use a screed machine to level the surface of the leveling layer to ensure the surface is flat, without hollowing or cracks. After the construction of the leveling layer is completed, sprinkle water for curing, and the curing time is 3 days;

[0017] S4. Coat the surface of the leveling layer with a primer to improve the bonding effect between the waterproof layer and the base layer. Lay HDPE polymer self-adhesive waterproof coiled material or TPO waterproof coiled material on the leveling layer. The coiled material should be flat without wrinkles, and the lapping width should not be less than 100 mm. The lapping part should be firmly pasted without curling or falling off. Lay an additional layer at the corner, with a width of 300 - 500 mm. The additional layer is a polymer waterproof coating, and the coating thickness is not less than 1.5 mm. Use special tools to check the bonding strength and tightness of the waterproof layer to ensure that the waterproof layer has no hollowing, no bubbles, and no cracks;

[0018] S5. Lift the integrated precast waterproof structure wall to the construction site, check the appearance quality and dimensional accuracy of the wall to ensure that the wall has no cracks or missing corners. On the installation surface of the wall, install detachable positioning fasteners at the positions required by the design. Align the dovetail groove of the fastener body with the dovetail part of the embedded part, and rotate the locking device to fix the fastener on the embedded part;

[0019] S6. Use a crane to hoist the integrated precast waterproof structure wall into place, so that the dovetail groove at the bottom of the wall matches the dovetail protrusion of the floor waterproof layer. Quickly position the installation position of the wall through the detachable positioning fastener to ensure that the verticality and horizontality of the wall meet the design requirements. Use polyurethane waterproof sealant to seal the connection between the wall and the floor waterproof layer to ensure the waterproof effect at the connection;

[0020] S7. Pour a C25 or C30 fine aggregate concrete protective layer on the waterproof layers of the floor and side walls, with a thickness of 50 - 100 mm. The concrete should be vibrated densely and the surface should be leveled. After the pouring of the concrete protective layer is completed, cover it with a plastic film for curing, and the curing time is 7 days;

[0021] S8. Lay HDPE polymer self-adhesive waterproof coiled material or TPO waterproof coiled material on the side wall waterproof layer, and lay an additional layer at the corner, with a width of 300 - 500 mm. The waterproof layer is connected to the side wall waterproof layer to form a continuous waterproof barrier. Pour a C25 or C30 fine aggregate concrete protective layer on the roof waterproof layer, with a thickness of 50 - 100 mm. The concrete should be vibrated densely and the surface should be leveled. After the pouring of the concrete protective layer is completed, cover it with a plastic film for curing, and the curing time is 7 days.

[0022] Preferably, during the installation of the side wall, the installation position of the wall is quickly positioned through detachable positioning clips, ensuring that the verticality and horizontality of the wall meet the design requirements, improving the construction efficiency and quality; the positioning clips can be reused, reducing the construction cost.

[0023] (III) Beneficial effects

[0024] The present invention provides an external waterproofing and internal pasting waterproof structure and construction method for underground structures in narrow spaces, having the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. Through the optimized external waterproofing and internal pasting waterproof structure and construction method of the present invention, the construction quality of the waterproof layer of the underground structure in the narrow space is effectively improved. The close cooperation between the integrated prefabricated waterproof structure wall and the bottom plate waterproof layer, and the connection between the side waterproof layer provided on the inner side wall of the side wall and the roof waterproof isolation layer form a complete waterproof system, enhancing the integrity and reliability of the waterproof layer, effectively preventing groundwater from seeping in through weak links, significantly reducing the leakage risk, and improving the waterproof performance and service life of the underground structure.

[0026] 2. The construction method of the present invention has high construction efficiency and economic benefits. By using detachable positioning clips to quickly position the installation position of the wall, the construction process is simplified, the amount of on-site formwork and construction procedures are reduced, and the construction cost is lowered. At the same time, the connection between each construction step is tight and the logic is clear, ensuring the high efficiency of the construction process, effectively shortening the construction period, providing an economically feasible solution for the waterproof construction of the underground structure in the narrow space, and achieving the improvement of construction efficiency and economic benefits on the premise of ensuring the waterproof effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic connection diagram of the side wall in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the detachable positioning clip in the present invention.

[0030] Among them, 1. Bottom plate; 2. Side wall; 3. Roof; 4. Waterproof layer; 5. Concrete protective layer; 6. Side wall; 601. Embedded part; 7. Detachable positioning clip; 701. Side waterproof layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] Embodiment 1:

[0033] As Figures 1-3 shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a construction method for the external anti - internal pasting waterproof structure of the underground structure in a narrow space, including the following steps:

[0034] S1. Sub - base treatment: Use a high - pressure air gun to remove the floating soil and debris at the bottom and side walls of the foundation pit, and use a special cleaning agent to clean the parts with oil stains and mortar residues to ensure that the sub - base surface is clean and dust - free. For the honeycomb holes and crack defects on the sub - base surface, use 1:2 cement mortar for leveling treatment to make the sub - base surface flat and without obvious defects.

[0035] S2. Construction of the concrete cushion: Pour a 150 - millimeter - thick C15 concrete cushion at the bottom of the foundation pit, and use a vibrator to vibrate it densely to ensure that the surface of the concrete cushion is flat, without cracks and without debris. After the concrete cushion is poured, cover it with a plastic film for curing, and the curing time is 7 days.

[0036] S3. Construction of the leveling layer: Apply a 1:3 cement mortar leveling layer with a thickness of 25 millimeters on the concrete cushion. Use a screed - board machine to level the surface of the leveling layer to ensure that the surface is flat, without hollowing and without cracks. After the construction of the leveling layer is completed, sprinkle water for curing, and the curing time is 3 days.

[0037] S4. Laying of the waterproof layer: Apply a primer on the surface of the leveling layer to improve the bonding effect between the waterproof layer and the sub - base. Lay TPO waterproof coiled materials, the coiled materials are flat without wrinkles, the lap width is 120 millimeters, and the lap part is closely pasted without warping edges and without falling off. Lay a polymer waterproof coating additional layer with a width of 400 millimeters at the corner, and the coating thickness is 1.8 millimeters. Use special tools to check the bonding strength and tightness of the waterproof layer to ensure that the waterproof layer has no hollowing, no bubbles and no cracks.

[0038] S5. Installation of the side wall: Hoist the integrated precast waterproof structure wall to the construction site, check the appearance quality and dimensional accuracy of the wall to ensure that the wall has no cracks and no missing corners. On the installation surface of the wall, install detachable positioning fasteners at the positions required by the design. Align the dovetail groove of the fastener body with the dovetail part of the embedded part, and rotate the locking device to fix the fastener on the embedded part.

[0039] S6. Wall hoisting: Use a crane to hoist the integrated prefabricated waterproof structure wall into place, making the dovetail groove at the bottom of the wall fit with the dovetail protrusion of the floor waterproof layer. Quickly position the installation location of the wall through detachable positioning clips to ensure that the verticality and horizontality of the wall meet the design requirements. Use polyurethane waterproof sealant to seal the connection between the wall and the floor waterproof layer to ensure the waterproof effect of the connection.

[0040] S7. Construction of concrete protective layer: Pour C30 fine aggregate concrete protective layer with a thickness of 80 mm on the waterproof layers of the floor and side walls. Vibrate the concrete thoroughly and level the surface. After the concrete protective layer is poured, cover it with a plastic film for curing, and the curing time is 7 days.

[0041] S8. Roof construction: Lay TPO waterproof coiled material on the side wall waterproof layer, and lay a polymer waterproof coating additional layer with a width of 400 mm and a coating thickness of 1.8 mm at the corner. The roof waterproof layer is connected to the side wall waterproof layer to form a continuous waterproof barrier. Pour C30 fine aggregate concrete protective layer with a thickness of 80 mm on the roof waterproof layer. Vibrate the concrete thoroughly and level the surface. After the concrete protective layer is poured, cover it with a plastic film for curing, and the curing time is 7 days.

[0042] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The external anti-seepage and internal pasting waterproof structure for underground structures in narrow spaces, comprising a bottom plate (1), side walls (6) and a top plate (6), is characterized in that: A concrete cushion layer (2) is provided on the bottom plate (1). A leveling layer (3) is provided on the concrete cushion layer (2). A waterproof layer (4) is laid on the leveling layer (3). A concrete protective layer (5) is provided on the waterproof layer (4); the side wall (6) is an integral precast waterproof structural wall, with a dovetail groove matching the waterproof layer (4) at its bottom, and a side waterproof layer is provided on its inner side wall. The side wall is fixedly connected to the embedded part (601) through a detachable positioning fixture (7); a waterproof isolation layer is provided on the top plate (6), and the waterproof isolation layer is connected to the side waterproof layer.

2. The external anti-seepage and internal pasting waterproof structure for underground structures in narrow spaces according to claim 1, wherein: The detachable positioning fixture (7) is L-shaped and consists of two mutually perpendicular flat plates, with dovetail grooves on both sides thereof, and is fixed to the embedded part (601) through a locking device (701); the locking device is a rotary bolt.

3. The external anti-seepage and internal pasting waterproof structure for underground structures in narrow spaces according to claim 1, wherein: Both the waterproof layer (4) and the waterproof isolation layer are HDPE polymer self-adhesive waterproof coiled materials or TPO waterproof coiled materials, with an additional layer provided thereon. The additional layer is located at the joint of the bottom plate and the side wall, and the width is 300 - 500 mm; the additional layer is a polymer waterproof coating, and the coating thickness is not less than 1.5 mm.

4. The external anti-seepage and internal pasting waterproof structure for underground structures in narrow spaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The embedded part (601) is dovetail-shaped, made of high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel material, and is embedded on the installation surface of the integral precast waterproof structural wall, with a spacing of 1000 - 1500 mm; the dovetail part of the embedded part (601) matches the dovetail groove of the detachable positioning fixture (7).

5. The external anti-seepage and internal pasting waterproof structure for underground structures in narrow spaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the concrete protective layer is 50 - 100 mm, and it is poured with C25 or C30 fine aggregate concrete; a steel mesh is provided in the concrete protective layer, the mesh size of the steel mesh is 150 - 200 mm, and the steel bar diameter is 6 - 8 mm.

6. The external anti-seepage and internal pasting waterproof structure for underground structures in narrow spaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom dovetail groove of the integral precast waterproof structural wall cooperates with the dovetail protrusion of the bottom plate waterproof layer, and the joint is sealed with a waterproof sealant; the waterproof sealant is a polyurethane waterproof sealant, which has good elasticity and durability.

7. Construction method of internal waterproofing structure with external protection for underground structures in narrow spaces, applicable to any one of the claims of the internal waterproofing structure with external protection for underground structures in narrow spaces described in claims 1-6, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Use a high-pressure air gun or a dust blower to remove the floating soil and sundries at the bottom and side walls of the foundation pit. For oil stains and mortar residues, use a special cleaning agent for cleaning to ensure that the base surface is clean and dust-free. Repair the honeycomb holes and cracks on the base surface, and use 1:2 cement mortar for leveling treatment to ensure that the base surface is flat and has no obvious defects; S2. Pour a concrete cushion layer at the bottom of the foundation pit, with a thickness of 100 - 150 mm, using C15 or C20 concrete. Use a vibrator to vibrate it densely during pouring to ensure that the surface of the concrete cushion layer is flat, has no cracks, and no sundries. After the concrete cushion layer is poured, cover it with a plastic film for curing, and the curing time is 7 days; S3. Apply a 1:3 cement mortar leveling layer on the concrete cushion layer, with a thickness of 20 - 30 mm. Use a screed to level the surface of the leveling layer to ensure that the surface is flat, has no air pockets, and no cracks. After the leveling layer construction is completed, sprinkle water for curing, and the curing time is 3 days; S4. Apply a primer on the surface of the leveling layer to improve the bonding effect between the waterproof layer and the base layer. Lay HDPE polymer self-adhesive waterproof coiled material or TPO waterproof coiled material on the leveling layer. The coiled material should be flat and without wrinkles, and the lapping width should not be less than 100 mm. The lapping part should be closely pasted without upturning edges or peeling off. Lay an additional layer at the corner with a width of 300 - 500 mm. The additional layer is a polymer waterproof coating with a thickness of not less than 1.5 mm. Use special tools to check the bonding strength and tightness of the waterproof layer to ensure that there are no air pockets, no bubbles, and no cracks in the waterproof layer; S5. Hoist the integrated prefabricated waterproof structural wall to the construction site, check the appearance quality and dimensional accuracy of the wall to ensure that there are no cracks or missing corners on the wall. On the installation surface of the wall, install detachable positioning fasteners at the positions required by the design. Align the dovetail-shaped slot of the fastener body with the dovetail-shaped part of the embedded part, and rotate the locking device to fix the fastener on the embedded part; S6. Use a crane to hoist the integrated prefabricated waterproof structural wall into place, so that the dovetail-shaped groove at the bottom of the wall matches the dovetail-shaped protrusion of the waterproof layer on the floor slab. Quickly position the installation position of the wall through the detachable positioning fastener to ensure that the verticality and horizontality of the wall meet the design requirements. Use polyurethane waterproof sealant to seal the connection between the wall and the waterproof layer on the floor slab to ensure the waterproof effect of the connection; S7. Pour C25 or C30 fine aggregate concrete protective layer with a thickness of 50 - 100 mm on the waterproof layers of the floor slab and the side wall. The concrete should be vibrated densely and the surface should be leveled. After the pouring of the concrete protective layer is completed, cover it with a plastic film for curing, and the curing time is 7 days; S8. Lay HDPE polymer self-adhesive waterproof coiled material or TPO waterproof coiled material on the waterproof layer of the side wall, and lay an additional layer at the corner with a width of 300 - 500 mm. The waterproof layer is connected to the waterproof layer of the side wall to form a continuous waterproof barrier. Pour C25 or C30 fine aggregate concrete protective layer with a thickness of 50 - 100 mm on the waterproof layer of the top slab. The concrete should be vibrated densely and the surface should be leveled. After the pouring of the concrete protective layer is completed, cover it with a plastic film for curing, and the curing time is 7 days.

8. The construction method of the external anti-seepage and internal pasting waterproof structure for the underground structure in a narrow space according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the installation of the side wall, quickly position the installation position of the wall through the detachable positioning fastener, and the positioning fastener can be reused.

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