Horizontal directional drilling machine and forward pushing type hole expanding and cleaning device for same

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of non-excavation equipment accessories, and provides a forward pushing type hole reaming and cleaning device for a horizontal directional drilling machine and the horizontal directional drilling machine. The forward pushing type hole reaming and cleaning device for the horizontal directional drilling machine comprises a main shaft, a plurality of hole cleaning assemblies and a variable-diameter reamer, and the multiple hole cleaning assemblies are arranged in the axial direction of the main shaft at intervals; the variable-diameter reamer comprises a first positioning block, a second positioning block and a plurality of supporting rods, the main shaft is detachably sleeved with the first positioning block and the second positioning block, the first positioning block is located between the second positioning block and the multiple hole cleaning assemblies, the diameter of the first positioning block is smaller than that of the second positioning block, and the multiple supporting rods are arranged in the circumferential direction of the main shaft at intervals; teeth are arranged on the sides, away from the spindle, of the supporting rods. Through the synergistic effect of an annular rubber ring of the hole cleaning assembly and a supporting rod structure of the variable-diameter reamer, silt at the bottom of a hole can be effectively stirred and brought out, meanwhile, the reaming diameter and direction are controlled through the variable-diameter design, and the problems of silt deposition and hole bending during traditional transverse well reaming are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of accessories for trenchless equipment, and particularly to a forward-pushing hole reamer and hole cleaner for a horizontal directional drill and a horizontal directional drill. Background Art

[0002] In the trenchless technology industry, horizontal directional drilling is a trenchless pipeline installation construction method that uses a horizontal directional drill to conduct pilot hole and hole reaming operations according to the designed trajectory, and drags and crosses pipelines through obstacles, and is used for the laying or renewal of pipelines such as petroleum, natural gas, tap water, sewage, gas, electricity, and telecommunications.

[0003] Currently, most directional drillings use a guided drill to conduct the drilling. In the construction, the method of taking out sediment outward still uses the traditional method of drilling a vertical shaft to take out sediment outward. However, due to the different angles between the vertical shaft and the horizontal shaft holes, using the method of taking out sand from the vertical shaft for taking out sediment from the horizontal shaft has very poor effects. The reason is that during the drilling and hole reaming, the drilled sand and stones always sink downward under the action of gravity. When drilling a vertical shaft, the drill pipe drives the drill bit to constantly stir the bentonite slurry water and sediment at the bottom of the well hole, and continue to forcibly inject water and slurry into the well hole, so that most of the sand and stones can be taken out of the well hole. The sand in the horizontal shaft hole also sinks to the bottom of the hole as a whole. When dragging back the hole reamer, the hole reamer can only stir a small part of the slurry in the hole, most of the slurry in the hole cannot be stirred, and the enlarged hole is larger than the diameter of the hole reamer.

[0004] When the guided drill reams the hole, due to the different hardness of the underground soil layer structures, it may encounter sandy soil or cohesive soil layers at any time. When reaming the hole, when the hole reamer encounters a harder cohesive soil layer, the reaming speed slows down, and the reamed hole is basically circular. However, when encountering a sandy soil layer, the reaming speed speeds up. At this time, the diameter of the reamed hole is much larger than the diameter of the hole reamer. In addition, in the hole, since there is no component that can control its swing, the hole reamer will randomly excavate the soft hole wall in the hole, which is likely to cause the hole not to be a straight line, resulting in an extremely curved hole and causing the laying of the pipeline to fail. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a horizontal directional drill and a forward-pushing hole reamer and hole cleaner, which have the advantages of improving the hole cleaning efficiency and maintaining the straightness of the hole.

[0006] The present application provides a forward-pushing hole reamer and hole cleaner for a horizontal directional drill, and the technical solution is as follows: including: a main shaft; Multiple hole cleaning components are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the main shaft. The hole cleaning components include a sleeve, a circular fixing plate and an annular rubber ring. The sleeve is sleeved on the main shaft, the circular fixing plate is sleeved outside the sleeve, the annular rubber ring is arranged on one side of the circular fixing plate and surrounds the sleeve. The annular rubber ring and the circular fixing plate are arranged at an acute angle on the side away from the sleeve, and the maximum outer diameter of the annular rubber ring is greater than the maximum outer diameter of the circular fixing plate. A variable diameter reamer includes a first positioning block, a second positioning block and multiple support rods. The first positioning block and the second positioning block are both detachably mounted on the main shaft. The first positioning block is located between the second positioning block and the multiple hole cleaning components, and the diameter of the first positioning block is smaller than the diameter of the second positioning block. Multiple support rods are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the main shaft. One end of each support rod is detachably connected to the first positioning block, and the other end is detachably connected to the second positioning block. Teeth are provided on the side of the support rod facing away from the main shaft.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, one end of the support rod is hinged to the first positioning block, and the other end is hinged to the second positioning block.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the support rod extends obliquely relative to the main axis along its circumference.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second positioning block is provided with a water storage space and a water spray hole connected to the water storage space, and the water spray hole is located on a side of the second positioning block facing the first positioning block.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second positioning block is provided with a plurality of water spray holes, and the plurality of water spray holes are arranged at intervals around the main shaft.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the main shaft includes a hole cleaning section and a hole expanding section, a plurality of hole cleaning components are sleeved on the hole cleaning section, a variable diameter hole expander is provided on the hole expanding section, and the hole cleaning section and the hole expanding section are connected through a transfer gear.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a guide head is provided at one end of the hole cleaning section, the diameter of the guide head gradually decreases in the direction away from the hole cleaning assembly, and the annular rubber ring is located on the side of the circular fixing plate away from the guide head.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hole cleaning section includes a head section and an installation section, the guide head is provided at the head section, the head section and the installation section are detachably connected, and a first octagonal sleeve is provided between the head section and the installation section.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hole cleaning section includes a connecting section, which is detachably connected to an end of the installation section away from the head section, and a second octagonal sleeve is sleeved between the installation section and the connecting section.

[0015] A horizontal directional drilling machine according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention comprises: The main body of the device; a drill pipe, one end of the drill pipe is connected to the main body of the device; the above-mentioned forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill, the main shaft is connected to the drill pipe.

[0016] The horizontal directional drill according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the above-mentioned forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill, so it has all the technical effects of the above-mentioned forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill, which will not be elaborated here.

[0017] The additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be partially given in the following description, partially become obvious from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present invention.

[0018] As can be seen from the above, a horizontal directional drill and a forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device provided by the present application, through the synergistic effect of the annular rubber ring of the hole cleaning assembly and the strut structure of the variable-diameter reamer, can effectively stir and carry out the sediment at the bottom of the hole. At the same time, the variable-diameter design is used to control the reaming diameter and direction, solving the problems of sediment deposition and hole bending during traditional horizontal well reaming, and having the advantages of improving the hole cleaning efficiency and maintaining the straightness of the hole. Description of the Drawings

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or related technologies. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is an axial structural diagram of the variable-diameter reamer provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic connection structure diagram at the first octagonal sleeve provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is an axial structural diagram of the hole cleaning assembly provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Reference Signs: 1 Spindle; 11, Hole cleaning section; 111, Head section; 1111, Guide head; 112, Installation section; 113, First octagonal sleeve; 114, Second octagonal sleeve; 12, Hole expanding section; 13, Power divider; 2, Hole cleaning assembly; 21, Sleeve; 22, Circular fixing plate; 221, Sector fixing plate; 23, Annular rubber ring; 231, Sector rubber ring; 3, Variable diameter hole expander; 31, First positioning block; 32, Second positioning block; 321, Water spraying hole; 33, Support rod; 331, Teeth. Detailed implementation mode

[0025] The following further describes the implementation mode of the present invention in detail in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature can be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "under" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0029] In the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0030] Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is widely used in trenchless pipeline construction. However, when expanding holes in soft formations, traditional reamers can easily swing, causing the hole diameter to become excessive and deviate from its trajectory. Furthermore, sediment accumulation is difficult to effectively remove. Due to variations in the hardness of the formation, the reamer lacks stable constraints during the expansion process, making it difficult to control hole straightness. Furthermore, sediment accumulation hinders the reamer's proper advancement, ultimately causing the hole to collapse or deform.

[0031] Therefore, if Figure 1 As shown, the present application proposes a forward-pushing hole-clearing device for a horizontal directional drill, comprising a main shaft, a plurality of hole-clearing assemblies 2 spaced axially along the main shaft, and a variable-diameter hole-clearing device 3. The hole-clearing assembly 2 comprises a sleeve 21 sleeved on the main shaft, a circular fixing plate 22 disposed outside the sleeve 21, and an annular rubber ring 23 on one side of the fixing plate. The annular rubber ring 23 and the circular fixing plate 22 are disposed at an acute angle on the side facing away from the sleeve 21, and its maximum outer diameter is larger than that of the circular fixing plate 22. The variable-diameter hole-clearing device 3 comprises a first positioning block 31 and a second positioning block 32 detachably mounted on the main shaft. The first positioning block 31 has a smaller diameter than the second positioning block 32. A plurality of support rods 33 connect the two positioning blocks at intervals along the circumference of the main shaft, and teeth 331 are disposed on the support rods 33 facing away from the main shaft. The forward-pushing hole-clearing device for a horizontal directional drill can be used in locations where there is no forward drill hole, such as between urban buildings or in mine anchor piles.

[0032] Among them, the main shaft refers to the central shaft body that bears the hole cleaning component 2 and the variable diameter reamer 3, and a segmented structure can be adopted for easy installation and disassembly. The hole cleaning component 2 refers to the sediment cleaning unit distributed along the axial direction of the main shaft. Its sleeve 21 is fixed on the main shaft through interference fit or keyway connection, and the circular fixing plate 22 is welded or bolted to the outside of the sleeve 21. The annular rubber ring 23 refers to an elastic rubber ring, which is fixed on the side of the circular fixing plate 22 through bonding or snap connection, and its acute angle inclination design forms a scraping edge. The variable diameter reamer 3 refers to a cutting device with adjustable diameter. The first positioning block 31 and the second positioning block 32 can adopt a split flange structure, and the support rod 33 is hinged or thread-connected between the two positioning blocks. The tooth 331 refers to a cemented carbide blade, which is fixed on the outer surface of the support rod 33 through welding or bolts.

[0033] Specifically, in the hole cleaning component 2, the annular rubber ring 23 first contacts the hole wall with its larger outer diameter, and the acute angle inclined surface scrapes the sediment towards the main shaft direction, and the circular fixing plate 22 provides rigid support to prevent the rubber ring from deforming. Multiple hole cleaning components 2 clean the hole wall in stages along the axial direction to form a smooth channel. As Figure 2 shown, in the variable diameter reamer 3, the support rod 33 forms an outward expansion angle through the diameter difference between the two positioning blocks. The teeth 331 cut the formation during rotation. The support rods 33 are circumferentially arranged at intervals to form a stable support frame, which restricts the swing amplitude of the reamer. The second positioning block 32 serves as the front-end guiding reference to guide the reamer to advance along the trajectory of the cleaned hole to avoid cutting the uncleaned area.

[0034] Through the above technical solutions, the present application can remove the sediment on the hole wall in stages in soft strata, reduce the cutting resistance of the reamer, and avoid the collapse and deformation of the hole. The multi-angle support frame formed by the support rods 33 restricts the swing amplitude of the reamer to ensure the straightness of the cutting trajectory. At the same time, the detachable structure is convenient for adjusting the reaming diameter to meet the requirements of different geological conditions. The hole cleaning component 2 and the variable diameter reamer 3 cooperate to achieve the unity of efficient hole cleaning and precise reaming.

[0035] As Figure 4 shown, in an embodiment, the circular fixing plate 22 is divided into multiple sector-shaped fixing plates 221, and the annular rubber ring 23 is divided into multiple sector-shaped rubber rings 231. Each sector-shaped fixing plate 221 and a sector-shaped rubber ring 231 form a group of sector-shaped structures. At the same time, each sector-shaped rubber ring 231 can be hinged to the sector-shaped fixing plate 221 through a connecting plate. In this way, each group of sector-shaped structures can operate independently, and the sector-shaped rubber ring 231 can adaptively adjust the included angle formed between it and the sector-shaped fixing plate 221 according to different positions in the circumferential direction of the hole through the connecting plate, so as to adapt to the protrusions or depressions at different positions of the hole, which is beneficial to enhancing its passability and reducing jamming.

[0036] The present application further proposes that one end of the support rod 33 is hinged to the first positioning block 31, and the other end is hinged to the second positioning block 32.

[0037] Among them, hinged connection means a connection method that connects two components through a revolute pair to enable relative rotation with a single degree of freedom. Specifically, it can be achieved by using the structure of a pin shaft cooperating with a bushing. The pin shaft passes through the end of the support rod 33 and forms a rotational fit with the mounting hole on the positioning block. This hinged structure allows the support rod 33 to adjust its angle around the axis of the pin shaft during operation to adapt to the resistance changes caused by different geological conditions.

[0038] Specifically, when the reamer rapidly reams in sandy soil, the support rod 33 has a controllable swinging space due to the hinged structure, and its extending direction can be automatically adjusted according to the soil resistance, thereby suppressing the excessive lateral swing of the support rod 33 in the soft formation. When encountering a hard clay layer, the hinged support rod 33 can generate adaptive deflection to avoid stress concentration caused by rigid connection. This dynamic adjustment mechanism enables multiple support rods 33 to cooperate to keep the axis of the reamer consistent with the preset trajectory during operation, effectively restricting the non-linear movement of the reamer in the hole.

[0039] Through the above technical solution, the present application can effectively control the lateral swing amplitude of the reamer in the hole, avoid the deviation of the reaming trajectory caused by the rigid fixation of the support rod 33, ensure that the axis of the hole formed by reaming extends linearly with the designed trajectory, and improve the construction accuracy of pipeline laying.

[0040] As Figure 2 shown, the present application further proposes that the support rod 33 extends obliquely relative to the main shaft along its circumferential direction. That is to say, the extending direction of the support rod 33 forms an angle with the axis direction of the main shaft, and the axis of the support rod 33 and the axis of the main shaft are not in the same plane.

[0041] Among them, the extending direction forming an angle with the axis direction means that the support rod 33 forms a non-vertical inclination angle relative to the axis of the main shaft. Specifically, it can be achieved by misaligning the hinge points at both ends of the support rod 33 with the first positioning block 31 and the second positioning block 32 respectively, and forming a predetermined angle by adjusting the circumferential position of the hinge points. Among them, the axis of the support rod 33 and the axis of the main shaft not being in the same plane means that the support rod 33 forms a three-dimensional inclination relationship relative to the axis of the main shaft in space. Specifically, it can be achieved by staggeredly distributing the hinge points of adjacent support rods 33 along the circumferential direction of the main shaft, forming a spiral distribution structure around the main shaft.

[0042] Specifically, when the main shaft drives the variable-diameter reamer 3 to rotate, the inclined struts 33 expand outwards under the action of centrifugal force, and their teeth 331 contact the hole wall at an inclined angle. Since the extending direction of the strut 33 forms a dynamic angle with the rotation direction, the radial component force generated by the strut 33 during rotation can continuously abut against the hole wall, forming a constraint on the lateral movement of the reamer. For example, when the inclination angle of the strut 33 is set to 15 - 45 degrees, the contact trajectory of the strut 33 on the hole wall forms a spiral-shaped guiding surface. When the reamer undergoes lateral offset, the contact pressure between the strut 33 and the hole wall increases, forcing the reamer to reset towards the axis direction. At the same time, the three-dimensional inclined layout of the struts 33 forms alternately acting constraint points during rotation, effectively suppressing the swing amplitude of the reamer in a single plane.

[0043] Through the above technical solution, the present application can effectively suppress the lateral swing of the reamer in sandy soil layers and prevent the hole trajectory from deviating from the designed axis. The inclined structure of the strut 33 generates a self-correcting acting force during rotation. When the reamer offsets due to the difference in soil hardness, the contact pressure difference between the strut 33 and the hole wall drives the reamer to automatically return to the predetermined trajectory. This structure is particularly suitable for long-distance horizontal drilling operations. By restricting the radial freedom of the reamer, it ensures that the formed hole has the required straightness, providing an accurate guiding channel for subsequent pipe pulling back.

[0044] As Figure 1 shown, the present application further proposes that the second positioning block 32 is provided with a water storage space and a water spraying hole 321 communicating with the water storage space, and the water spraying hole 321 is located on the side of the second positioning block 32 facing the first positioning block 31.

[0045] Among them, the water storage space refers to the hollow structure inside the second positioning block 32 for storing water flow, which can be specifically realized by an internal cavity or a detachable water tank, so as to continuously supply water during the reaming process. Among them, the water spraying hole 321 refers to the opening provided on the side of the second positioning block 32, which can be specifically realized by a plurality of small holes evenly distributed along the circumference. The water flow is ejected directionally through the water spraying hole 321 to impact the sediment in the working area of the teeth 331, promoting the flow of mud.

[0046] Specifically, during the reaming process, the water flow in the water storage space is ejected towards the first positioning block 31 through the water spraying hole 321. The impact of the water flow suspends the sediment deposited at the bottom of the hole and mixes it with the mud. The position design of the water spraying hole 321 enables the water flow to directly act on the working area of the teeth 331 of the strut 33, scouring the loose sediment and promoting the circulation of mud in the hole. The continuous water supply in the water storage space ensures the stability of the water spraying pressure, avoiding the deviation of the reaming trajectory caused by local sediment accumulation.

[0047] Through the above technical solution, the present application uses directional water spraying to enhance the fluidity of the mud, effectively agitating the sediment deposited at the bottom of the hole, suspending it in the mud and being carried out by the hole cleaning assembly 2. The position of the water spraying holes 321 optimizes the water flow scouring direction, reduces the sediment adhesion in the working area of the support rod 33, improves the straightness of the reaming trajectory, and thus improves the hole cleaning efficiency and reaming quality.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 for reference. The present application further proposes that the second positioning block 32 is provided with a plurality of water spraying holes 321, and the plurality of water spraying holes 321 are arranged at intervals around the main shaft.

[0049] Among them, the plurality of water spraying holes 321 refer to the hole structures provided on the side of the second positioning block 32 facing the first positioning block 31, and can be specifically realized by circular through holes with equidistant or non-equidistant distribution. This structure expands the mud coverage area by increasing the number of water spraying holes 321, solving the problem of limited flushing range of a single water spraying hole 321. Among them, arranging at intervals around the main shaft means that the water spraying holes 321 are arranged in a circular array with the axis of the main shaft as the center, and can be specifically realized by a circumferential arrangement with uniform intervals or non-uniform intervals. This layout avoids flushing blind areas through circumferential uniform distribution and enhances the scouring coverage of the sediments at the bottom of the hole.

[0050] Specifically, after the mud enters the water spraying holes 321 through the water storage space, multiple jets are formed under the action of pressure. Since the water spraying holes 321 are arranged at intervals around the main shaft, the jets form a continuous annular impact zone in the hole, generating uniform impact forces on different orientations of the hole wall. When the reamer moves, this jet array can continuously scour the sediment at the bottom and side walls of the hole, making the sediment fully suspended in the mud. The feature of arranging at intervals effectively avoids the interference between adjacent jets, ensures the balance of flushing pressure in all directions, and thus maintains the straightness of the hole wall shape.

[0051] Through the above technical solution, the present application solves the problem of sediment residue caused by uneven flushing during the horizontal well reaming process, improves the hole cleanliness while maintaining the straightness of the reaming trajectory, and ensures the stability of subsequent pipeline laying. Through multi-angle balanced flushing, the secondary settlement of sediments is effectively avoided, and the hole cleaning efficiency and reaming quality are significantly improved.

[0052] As Figure 1 shown, the present application further proposes that the main shaft includes a hole cleaning section 11 and a reaming section 12. A plurality of hole cleaning assemblies 2 are sleeved on the hole cleaning section 11, and a variable diameter reamer 3 is arranged on the reaming section 12. The hole cleaning section 11 is connected to the reaming section 12 through a power divider 13.

[0053] Among them, the hole cleaning section 11 refers to the area on the main shaft for installing the hole cleaning component 2, which can be specifically realized by using a high-strength alloy steel to make an integral shaft section, and is used to centrally arrange multiple hole cleaning components 2 to directionally remove the sediments on the hole wall. The hole expanding section 12 refers to the area on the main shaft for installing the variable-diameter hole expander 3, which can be specifically realized by enhancing the wear resistance through a surface heat treatment process, and is used to support the support rod 33 for controllable hole expansion. The power divider 13 refers to the power distribution device connecting the hole cleaning section 11 and the hole expanding section 12, which can be specifically realized by adopting a gearbox structure with a clutch mechanism, enabling the two sections to independently adjust the rotational speed or torque.

[0054] Specifically, after the hole cleaning section 11 and the hole expanding section 12 are connected by the power divider 13, a segmented power transmission system is formed. When operating in hard soil layers, the power divider 13 can reduce the rotational speed of the hole cleaning section 11 and increase the torque output of the hole expanding section 12 to ensure that the teeth 331 of the support rod 33 fully break the hard formation; in sandy soil layers, the power divider 13 preferentially increases the operating speed of the hole cleaning section 11 to enable the annular rubber ring 23 to quickly scrape off the loose sediment on the soft hole wall. The independent control of the two sections avoids the problem that the hole cleaning efficiency and the hole expanding speed restrict each other in the traditional integral main shaft in the hard and soft alternating strata. The clutch mechanism of the power divider 13 allows the two sections to decouple the power according to the real-time working conditions. For example, when the hole expanding section 12 encounters hard rock, the power of the hole cleaning section 11 can be temporarily disconnected to concentrate the energy for rock breaking.

[0055] Through the above technical solutions, the present application effectively solves the problem of hole bending caused by the coupling of the hole cleaning and hole expanding functions. The way the power divider 13 controls the power output of the two sections not only ensures the continuous cleaning of the hole wall sediments by the hole cleaning component 2 but also ensures the stable hole expansion of the hole expander in different strata. The segmented structure enables the hole cleaning operation and the hole expanding operation to form a dynamic balance, preventing the hole from collapsing by increasing the hole cleaning frequency in sandy soil layers and maintaining the straightness of the drill hole by enhancing the hole expanding torque in hard strata.

[0056] The present application further proposes a forward-pushing hole expanding and cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill. One end of the hole cleaning section 11 is provided with a guide head 1111, and the diameter of the guide head 1111 gradually decreases in the direction away from the hole cleaning component 2, and the annular rubber ring 23 is located on the side of the circular fixing plate 22 facing away from the guide head 1111.

[0057] Among them, the guide head 1111 refers to a conical guiding structure arranged at the end of the hole cleaning section 11, which can be specifically realized by using forged alloy steel material to make a frustum-shaped structure, and its diameter linearly decreases along the axis direction away from the hole cleaning component 2. This structure forms a guiding reference surface through the tapered outer shape and can form multiple-point contacts with the inner wall of the hole, thereby correcting the traveling direction of the hole expander.

[0058] Among them, the annular rubber ring 23 being located on the side of the circular fixing plate 22 away from the guiding head 1111 means that the elastic scraping element and the guiding head 1111 form a front-back configuration relationship. Specifically, a nitrile rubber material can be used to make an annular sealing ring, which is fixed to the rear side of the fixing plate by bolt pressing. This layout causes the rubber ring to generate a reverse extrusion effect during axial advancement, enhancing the scraping effect on the residues on the hole wall.

[0059] Specifically, when the reamer advances in the hole, the front conical surface of the guiding head 1111 first contacts the hole wall, and its tapered structure can guide the reamer to move along a predetermined trajectory. When encountering local deviation of the hole, the conical surface of the guiding head 1111 generates an automatic deviation correction moment through multi-point contact with the hole wall, forcing the reamer to return to the correct path. The annular rubber ring 23 is arranged behind the guiding head 1111. During the advancement process, the rubber ring undergoes elastic deformation under the reaction force of the hole wall, forming a scraping angle that slopes backward, effectively peeling off the sediment adhering to the hole wall. The guiding head 1111 and the hole cleaning assembly 2 form a rigid-elastic composite structure, which not only ensures the stability of axial advancement but also allows the hole cleaning element to adapt to the local deformation of the hole.

[0060] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem that the excavation trajectory of the reamer deviates due to the lack of a guiding reference in soft strata, and establishes a continuous direction correction ability through the tapered guiding head 1111. At the same time, the layout of the hole cleaning assembly 2 is optimized, enabling the annular rubber ring 23 to effectively scrape in the hole section area corrected by the guiding head 1111, avoiding the hole cleaning blind area caused by the irregular shape of the hole. The front-back cooperation relationship between the guiding head 1111 and the rubber ring realizes the integration of the dual functions of trajectory control and hole wall cleaning, improving the hole cleaning operation efficiency while ensuring the straightness of the hole.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , this application further proposes that the hole cleaning section 11 includes a head section 111 and a mounting section 112. The guiding head 1111 is provided on the head section 111. The head section 111 and the mounting section 112 are detachably connected, and a first octagonal sleeve 113 is sleeved between the head section 111 and the mounting section 112.

[0062] Among them, the head section 111 refers to the local structure where the guiding head 1111 is installed. Specifically, it can be processed from forged steel material. Its outer surface is processed into an octagonal prism shape for transmitting torque and mating with the octagonal sleeve. The installation section 112 refers to the main part of the hole cleaning section 11. Specifically, it can be a tubular structure made of the same material as the head section 111. One end of it is processed into an octagonal prism interface that matches the head section 111, and a detachable connection is achieved through threads or snap fasteners. The first octagonal sleeve 113 refers to the octagonal sleeve 21 sleeved at the connection between the head section 111 and the installation section 112. Specifically, it can be made of high-strength alloy steel with quenching treatment. Its inner wall is processed into an octagonal hole structure that matches the outer surfaces of the head section 111 and the installation section 112 for restricting the relative rotation between the head section 111 and the installation section 112. The detachable connection means that the head section 111 and the installation section 112 are assembled in a separable manner through threads, snap fasteners or flange plates. Specifically, trapezoidal threads can be used in combination with lock nuts to achieve stable locking.

[0063] Specifically, the head section 111 and the installation section 112 achieve axial positioning through the octagonal prism interface. The first octagonal sleeve 113 is sleeved at the connection, and the octagonal structure is used to restrict the circumferential relative displacement. When it is necessary to replace the guiding head 1111, the first octagonal sleeve 113 is rotated to drive the separation of the head section 111 and the installation section 112, and only the head section 111 needs to be disassembled to complete the maintenance operation. The octagonal sleeve is pressed between the step surfaces of the head section 111 and the installation section 112 during assembly, and the connection rigidity is enhanced through the axial pre-tightening force to avoid loosening caused by vibration during operation. The coaxiality of the head section 111 and the installation section 112 is ensured through the precision machining of the octagonal prism interface, so that the axis of the guiding head 1111 and the hole cleaning section 11 always coincides, reducing eccentric swing.

[0064] Through the above technical solutions, the present application solves the problem of difficult replacement of the guiding head 1111 caused by the fixed structure of the hole cleaning section 11. Local replacement is achieved through detachable connection, reducing the maintenance cost. The first octagonal sleeve 113 enhances the connection stability between the head section 111 and the installation section 112, prevents the swing of the reamer caused by connection loosening during operation, and ensures the accuracy of the reaming trajectory. The split structure enables precise control of the coaxiality between the guiding head 1111 and the hole cleaning section 11, reducing the risk of trajectory deviation caused by eccentricity.

[0065] The present application further proposes that the hole cleaning section 11 includes a connection section. The connection section is detachably connected to one end of the installation section 112 away from the head section 111, and a second octagonal sleeve 114 is sleeved between the installation section 112 and the connection section.

[0066] Among them, the connecting section refers to a segmented structure used to extend the length of the hole cleaning section 11. Specifically, the connection with the installation section 112 can be achieved by the cooperation of a flange and bolts. The overall length of the hole cleaning section 11 can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions through segmented design. The second octagonal sleeve 114 refers to a sleeve 21 structure with an octagonal inner hole and outer wall. Specifically, it can be processed and formed by forging technology. Its inner hole cooperates with the octagonal prism end of the installation section 112 and the connecting section. The relative rotation is restricted by the contact of the prism surfaces, thereby improving the connection stability.

[0067] Specifically, the installation section 112 and the connecting section are butt - jointed through the end of the octagonal prism structure. The second octagonal sleeve 114 is sleeved on the butt - joint position. By using the fit between the inner hole prism surface and the octagonal prism end, torque is transmitted and radial displacement is restricted. When the hole cleaner is subjected to an asymmetric load during the reaming process, the prism surface contact of the second octagonal sleeve 114 can disperse stress, avoiding deformation at the connection due to excessive single - point stress. In addition, the outer wall edge angle design of the second octagonal sleeve 114 is convenient for external tools to clamp, and the octagonal prism end can be driven to achieve quick disassembly and assembly by rotating the sleeve 21.

[0068] In some specific embodiments, positioning pin holes can be provided at the octagonal prism ends of the installation section 112 and the connecting section, and axial positions are fixed by inserting pins to prevent the octagonal sleeve from sliding axially. Anti - slip patterns, such as knurling or grooves, can be machined on the outer surface of the second octagonal sleeve 114 to enhance the clamping friction force.

[0069] Through the above technical solutions, the present application solves the problems that the segmented connection structure of the hole cleaning section 11 is prone to loosening and yaw under dynamic loads. Through the cooperation of the octagonal prism and the octagonal sleeve, the dual functions of torque transmission and radial constraint are realized, ensuring that each component of the hole cleaning section 11 maintains a stable connection under complex working conditions, and further ensuring the straightness and operation accuracy of the reaming and hole cleaning process.

[0070] The present application further proposes a horizontal directional drill, including an equipment main body, drill pipes, and a forward - pushing reaming and hole - cleaning device for the horizontal directional drill. One end of the drill pipe is connected to the equipment main body, and the main shaft of the forward - pushing reaming and hole - cleaning device is connected to the drill pipe.

[0071] Among them, the equipment main body refers to a device that provides rotational power and propulsion force. Specifically, it can be realized by a power box with a hydraulic motor, which is used to drive the drill pipe to perform rotational and axial feeding movements. Among them, the drill pipe refers to a rod - shaped component that transmits torque and thrust. Specifically, it can be realized by an alloy steel pipe with segmented threaded connections, which is used to transmit the power of the equipment main body to the forward - pushing reaming and hole - cleaning device. Among them, the forward - pushing reaming and hole - cleaning device refers to an operation tool that integrates the functions of reaming and hole cleaning. Specifically, it can be realized by a mechanical structure including a main shaft. The main shaft forms a coaxial transmission relationship with the drill pipe through a rigid connection.

[0072] Specifically, when the hydraulic system of the equipment main body drives the drill pipe to rotate, the torque is transmitted to the main shaft of the forward-pushing hole reaming and cleaning device through the end of the drill pipe, driving the cleaning component 2 and the variable-diameter hole reaming device 3 to rotate synchronously. The annular rubber ring 23 in the cleaning component 2 forms an acute angle structure with the circular fixing plate 22, generating an outward centrifugal force during rotation, pushing the sediment near the hole wall to flow backward along the main shaft. At the same time, the acute angle structure forms a guiding inclined plane during axial advancement, reducing the frictional resistance with the hole wall. The support rod 33 of the variable-diameter hole reaming device 3 is hinged at both ends between the first positioning block 31 and the second positioning block 32, cutting the hole wall through the teeth 331 during rotation. The hinged structure of the support rod 33 allows it to automatically adjust the support angle when encountering hard strata, maintaining the linearity of the cutting trajectory. The continuous propulsion force applied by the equipment main body enables the hole reaming and cleaning device to move forward stably in the hole, synchronously completing the hole reaming and sediment discharging operations.

[0073] Through the above technical solutions, this application solves the problem of low discharge efficiency caused by sediment deposition during the hole reaming and cleaning process of a horizontal directional drill. The acute-angle cleaning structure enhances the mud-carrying capacity and reduces sediment accumulation at the bottom of the hole. The hinged support of the adjustable support rod 33 maintains the linear movement trajectory of the hole reaming device in the hole, avoiding hole bending caused by the alternation of hard and soft strata. The rigid connection between the equipment main body and the hole reaming and cleaning device realizes stable power transmission, improving the reliability of hole reaming operations under different geological conditions.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill, characterized in that, include: spindle; A plurality of hole cleaning assemblies, wherein the plurality of hole cleaning assemblies are spaced apart along the axial direction of the main shaft, and the hole cleaning assemblies include a sleeve, a circular fixing plate, and an annular rubber ring. The sleeve is sleeved on the main shaft, the circular fixing plate is sleeved outside the sleeve, and the annular rubber ring is arranged on one side of the circular fixing plate and surrounds the sleeve. The annular rubber ring and the circular fixing plate are arranged at an acute angle on a side away from the sleeve, and the maximum outer diameter of the annular rubber ring is greater than the maximum outer diameter of the circular fixing plate. A variable diameter reamer, the variable diameter reamer includes a first positioning block, a second positioning block and a plurality of support rods, the first positioning block and the second positioning block are both detachably mounted on the main shaft, the first positioning block is located between the second positioning block and the plurality of hole cleaning components, and the diameter of the first positioning block is smaller than the diameter of the second positioning block, the plurality of support rods are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the main shaft, one end of each support rod is detachably connected to the first positioning block, and the other end is detachably connected to the second positioning block, and the support rod is provided with teeth on the side facing away from the main shaft.

2. The forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the support rod is hinged to the first positioning block, and the other end is hinged to the second positioning block.

3. The forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill according to claim 2, wherein, The support rod extends obliquely relative to the main axis along its circumference.

4. The forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second positioning block is provided with a water storage space and a water spray hole connected to the water storage space, and the water spray hole is located on a side of the second positioning block facing the first positioning block.

5. The forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for horizontal directional drilling rig according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second positioning block is provided with a plurality of water spray holes, and the plurality of water spray holes are arranged at intervals around the main shaft.

6. The forward pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The main shaft includes a hole cleaning section and a hole expanding section. A plurality of hole cleaning assemblies are sleeved on the hole cleaning section. The variable diameter hole expander is arranged on the hole expanding section. The hole cleaning section and the hole expanding section are connected through a transfer gear.

7. The forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill according to claim 6, wherein, A guide head is provided at one end of the hole cleaning section, the diameter of the guide head gradually decreases in the direction away from the hole cleaning assembly, and the annular rubber ring is located on the side of the circular fixing plate away from the guide head.

8. The forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hole cleaning section includes a head section and a mounting section. The guide head is arranged on the head section. The head section and the mounting section are detachably connected, and a first octagonal sleeve is sleeved between the head section and the mounting section.

9. The forward-pushing reaming and hole cleaning device for a horizontal directional drill according to claim 8, characterized in that, The hole cleaning section includes a connecting section, which is detachably connected to an end of the installation section away from the head section, and a second octagonal sleeve is sleeved between the installation section and the connecting section.

10. A horizontal directional drilling rig comprising: Equipment body; a drill rod, one end of which is connected to the equipment body; The forward-pushing hole-clearing device for a horizontal directional drilling rig according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the main shaft is connected to the drill rod.

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